Academic literature on the topic 'COPOLYMER RESINS'

Neste trabalho, foram empregadas duas resinas comerciais de caráter fortemente básico. Ambas tendo como base copolímeros de estireno e divinilbenzeno (DVB), sendo que a VPOC 1950 contém em sua composição grupos quaternários de amônio do tipo 1, que apresentam três grupos metila e a VPOC 1960 grupos quaternários de amônio do tipo 2, que apresentam um grupo etanoíla e dois grupos metila. As resinas comerciais citadas foram escolhidas por apresentarem grande capacidade de troca iônica, estabilidade e grupos funcionais de interesse para a impregnação com iodo. As resinas foram impregnadas com iodo por meio de três metodologias distintas, uma solução metanólica de iodo 0,08 mol/L com e sem iodeto de potássio 0,14 mol/L, e iodo 0,08 mol/L em heptano. As resinas foram caracterizadas por área específica, volume do poro, grau de inchamento, microscopia ótica, espectrometria de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise elementar, termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e determinação do iodo fixado por iodometria. A avaliação da atividade biocida foi realizada através do método da contagem em placas, utilizando-se uma cepa de Escherichia coli ATCC11775 em concentrações de 103 a 107 células/mL. Todas as resinas impregnadas mostraram atividade bactericida significante devido à presença de iodo correlacionada às características da resina, tais como: grupos funcionais, tamanho e formato dos poros. Para efeito de comparação, foram realizados ensaios bactericidas com as resinas de partida para comprovação ou não da ação bactericida ser atribuída somente ao iodo<br>In this study, we employed two commercial resins strongly basic character. Both based on copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB), and the VPOC 1950 contains in its composition quaternary ammonium groups of the type 1 (has three methyl groups) and VPOC 1960 quaternary ammonium groups of the type 2 (where a group ethanol replaces one of the methyl groups). The aforementioned commercial resins were chosen because they have a high ion exchange capacity, stability and functional groups of interest for impregnation with iodine. The resins were impregnated with iodine by three different methodologies, a methanol solution of 0.08 mol/L iodine with and without 0.14 mol/L potassium iodide and 0.08 mol/L iodine in heptane. The resins were characterized by surface area, pore volume, degree of swelling, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy by Fourier transform (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and determination of iodine prescribed by iodometry. The biocidal activity evaluation was performed by the method of plate counting, using a strain of Escherichia coli ATCC11775 at concentrations 103-107 cells/ml. All resins impregnated showed significant bactericidal activity due to the presence of iodine correlated characteristics of the resin, such as functional groups, size and shape of the pores. For comparison, tests were performed with bactericidal resins departure for confirmation or not of bactericidal only be attributed to iodine

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iury.pdf: 24951 bytes, checksum: 2940126ad384e071aa040115b3667855 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-19<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>O estado de dispersão das nanopartículas na matriz está diretamente ligado às propriedades físicas dos nanocompósitos. Assim técnicas que visam um estado de dispersão mais homogêneo das nanopartículas na matriz são constantemente estudadas. Funcionalização não covalente, ou física, é uma técnica que utiliza-se de interações Coulombianas e/ou barreira estérica com o objetivo de estabilizar a interação entre nanopartícula/matriz e consequentemente obter um estado de dispersão homogêneo. Utilizando copolímero em bloco BYK- 9077® como agente funcionalizante não covalentemente, este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir nanocompósitos de matriz epoxídica Novolac® reforçados com nanoplateletes de grafeno ou nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados não covalentemente. Foram analisadas a influência da adição do copolímero em bloco nas propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas dos nanocompósitos produzidos. Utilizou-se frações volumétricas de nanopartículas nos valores de 0,15%, 0,50% e 1,50%. A partir destes valores foi adicionado copolímero em bloco nas quantidades de 1, 5 e 10 vezes a quantidade em massa das nanopartículas. Foram realizadas espectroscopia Raman para caracterização das nanopartículas, verificando o grau de pureza das mesmas, assim como o número de plateletes empilhados. Analisando os resultados, estado de dispersão das nanopartículas na matriz sem a adição de copolímero em bloco não foi homogêneo, assim foram encontrados aglomerados de nanopartículas em Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão. Também os valores de Tg s não variaram significativamente em comparação com a resina pura, indicando dispersão não homogênea. Já ao adicionar copolímero em bloco, em quantidades baixas, 1x, foi possível observar aumentos de 8% no módulo de elasticidade, indicativo de que a adição de copolímero em bloco nesta quantidade tornou a dispersão das nanopartículas mais homogênea na matriz. Esta afirmação foi verificada em Microscopia Eletrônica de transmissão. Em contrapartida, conforme foi aumentado a quantidade de copolímero em bloco, 5 e 10x, foram observadas formação de uma segunda fase, que por consequência diminuiu o módulo de elasticidade, tensão de ruptura e Tg.

Highly crosslinked epoxy resin systems are essential in aerospace applications due to the high operating temperatures. Although highly crosslinked epoxy resins have the required glass transition temperature (Tg) for the application, they are inherently brittle and matrix toughness is improved by incorporation of a second phase. Previous studies have focused mostly on toughening of lightly crosslinked epoxy systems, whereas this study investigates toughening of a highly crosslinked epoxy resin system using thermoplastic toughners poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and a poly(methyl methacrylate)-b- poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) block copolymer (BCP).

Block copolymer modified epoxy resins have generated significant interest since it was demonstrated that the combination could lead to nanostructured thermosets through self-assembly. In this work, samples of epoxy resin - formed by reaction of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and diethyltoulenediamine (DETDA) - and containing a range of copolymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (E) and poly(butylene oxide) (B), were prepared and characterized. Samples contained EB, EBE and BEB copolymers over a range of concentrations. Copolymers of low molecular weight and low B content were found not to microphase separate. BEB copolymers with high molecular weight and high B content were found to macrophase separate prior to, or during, cure. FTIR spectroscopy during cure demonstrated that the reaction kinetics in these systems differ from those previously reported for similar systems. Over moderate to high copolymer concentration the systems behaved as expected of a block copolymer in a solvent selective for one block. As concentration increased, transitions from BCC-Hex-Gyr-Lam phases were observed by SAXS. At lower concentrations, in some systems, spherical micellar structures were formed, as demonstrated by TEM. SAXS analysis was performed on those systems producing sufficiently clear patterns. Some degree of reaction-induced microphase separation (RI/lPS) was observed in all cases. A linear increase in scattering intensity with extent of reaction was observed during RI/lPS. In some cases non-equilibrium structures were apparently observed, due to vitrification prior to completion of the RI/lPS process. The increase in the number of micelles as a function of concentration was analyzed and found to deviate from linearity as the system goes from a solution of copolymer in epoxy to swollen copolymer gel. The association number of the micelles was found to vary as a function of copolymer composition following a similar scaling law to that observed, by others, in aqueous solution. Reaction-induced macrophase separation was observed in some BEB systems at elevated temperature, but not in similar EBE systems. The process was characterised by SALS and found to fit to the Cahn-Hilliard linear theory of spinodal decomposition. The systems were seen to vitrify before phase separation is complete, producing cured products that were phase separated into interpenetrating networks on the micron scale. No significant improvement of mechanical properties of the resin was observed in those samples tested.

It’s becoming more and more difficult to make smaller, denser, and faster computer chips. There’s an increasing demand to design new materials to be applied in current lithographic process to get higher patterning performance. In this work, the aqueous developable single molecule resists were introduced, synthesized and patterned. A new group of epoxide other than glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide was introduced to functionalize a molecular core and 15 nm resolution was obtained. The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers as an alternative lithographic technique has received growing interest in the last several years for performing higher levels of pitch subdivision. A 3-step simplified process for DSA by using a photodefinable substrate was introduced by using a functionalized polyphenol with an energy switchable group and a crosslinkable group. Two high χ block copolymers PS-b-PAA and PS-b-PHEMA were successfully designed and synthesized via ATRP with controlled Mw and PDI. The size of the same PS-b-PAA polymer was tunable by varying the thermal annealing time. PS-b-PHEMA shows to be a suitable block polymer for the industry-friendly thermal annealing process. A self-complementary hydrogen-bonding urea group as a center group was used to facilitate the self-assembly of polymers. “Click” chemistry is promising for synthesis of PS-Urea-Urea-PMMA.