Relevant bibliographies by topics / Copper and nickel sulfides

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Academic literature on the topic 'Copper and nickel sulfides'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Copper and nickel sulfides"

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Selivanov, Evgeny N., O. V. Nechvoglod, and R. I. Gulyaeva. "Thermal Expansion of Copper and Nickel Sulfides and their Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.55.

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Thermal expansion coefficients of metal sulfides and their alloys are important for technological processes calculations of sulfide processing materials, for example, the crystallization equipment of nickel and copper-nickel converter matte. The synthesized copper and nickel monosulfide, and nickel and copper-nickel matte have been used as the initial samples. Dilatometric analysis was carried out by dilatometer (Linseis L78 RITA). Differences in the values measured are accounted for by the synthesis samples facilities, the coexistence of several non-stoichiometric sulfide phases and interaction during heating. In the temperature 20-500°C range the coefficients of thermal expansion (α) for the sulfides of copper, nickel and their alloys are changed from 10.4 to 20.610-6 1/K. Changes in the value α are accounted for by phase transitions in sulfide samples at their heating. Considering the properties of the phase components are an additive it is shown the thermal expansion coefficient complex sulfide-metal alloys is possible to calculate.
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Nechvoglod, Olga V., and Alena G. Upolovnikova. "The study of the phase composition of the products of electrochemical oxidation of sulfide granules of the system Cu1.96S–Ni3S2–Cu–Ni." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 3 (2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-3-149.

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The crystallization rate of copper and nickel sulfides influences on the phase formation processes. The high crystallization rate (about 103 degrees/s), achieved through granulation of the sulfide copper-nickel melt, leads to the stabilization of non-stoichiometric phases, the formation of ultrafine structures, which are grains and partial dissolution of the metal component in the sulfide. The structure of the granules is formed by nickel sulfide (Cu1.96S) phases in the form of dendritic inclusions of 2-20 µm in size in the nickel sulfide phase (Ni3S2). According to the phase diagram of the state of Cu – Ni – S, a solid solution of Cu – Ni may be present in the composition of eutectic compounds with copper and nickel sulphides. The electrochemical oxidation of copper and nickel sulfides in a solution of sulfuric acid occurs through a series of successive phase transformations described in the work, during which the conversion of sulfides occurs in intermediate oxidation states oxidizing to the elemental state: Cu1.96S → Cu1.8S → Cu1.75S → CuS → S; Ni3S2 → NiS → S. The non-stoichiometric composition of compounds suggests the presence of excessive or deficient sulfur and metal contents in the crystal lattice, which can affect the mechanism and sequence of phase transformations during the electrochemical oxidation of sulfide granules. Dissolution occurs not only on the surface of the granules, but also along the grain boundaries. The leached areas form capillaries inside the granules, through which electrolyte enters the electrochemical reactions. Porous sulfur sulfide sludge forms on the surface of the granules. The phase composition of the sludge was studied. The main phase components of poorly soluble products are nickel granules Ni3+хS2–Cu2-хS.
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Nechvoglod, O. V., Evgeny N. Selivanov, and S. V. Mamyachenkov. "Effect of Structure on the Electrochemical Oxidation Rate of Copper and Nickel Sulfides." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.383.

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Synthesized samples were crystallized at 10 - 1000 K/sec (νcooling) to study the effect of sulfides structure on the electrochemical oxidation rates. The methods of X-ray, optical and electronic microscopy are used to analyze the phase composition, and the methods of voltamperometry and chronoamperometry are used to study the laws of electrochemical oxidation. Slow cooling of the samples with sulfide phase (Cu1,96S, Ni3S2) leads to crystallization of the metal (Ni, Cu). High cooling rate leads to crystallization of non-equilibrium phases, increasing of proportion of the sulfide phase and decreasing of metallic component up to complete disappearance. It is shown that electrochemical oxidation of copper and nickel sulfides proceeds stepwise: Me2S Me2-XS Me1+XS MeS Me2+ + S. Experiments have revealed the rates of electrochemical oxidation of granular sulfides that exceed the rates established for the slowly cooled samples. The rates of the electrochemical oxidation of Ni3S2 at potential of 1500 mV are 8.810-8 g/sec·mm2 (at vcooling = 10 К/sec) and 1.310-7 g/sec·mm2 (at νcooling = 1000 К/sec). The rates of the electrochemical oxidation of Cu2S at potential of 1000 mV are 2.810-8 g/sec·mm2 (at νcooling = 10 К/sec) and 4.310-8 g/sec·mm2 (at νcooling = 1000 К/sec). It is found that the forming of a passivation layer effects the rate of the electrochemical oxidation of copper sulfide and nickel sulfide. Non-equilibrium phase composition and refinement provide greater reactivity of sulfides in the conditions of anodic polarization. The oxidation and passivation of metallic phase along with sulfide phases proceed from the surface of Me2S Me alloys. As for the samples crystallized at 1000 K/sec only anodic oxidation of sulfides occurs due to a lack of metallic phase. The compositions of passivation films and potentials providing the extraction of sulfur in the elemental state from the sulfides crystallized at high rates were determined.
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Watling, H. R. "The bioleaching of nickel-copper sulfides." Hydrometallurgy 91, no. 1-4 (2008): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.11.012.

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MIKHAIL M., IOLIN, and BORZOVA ANASTASIA S. "MAIN DYNAMICS OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON AQUAL COMPLEXES." Geology, Geography and Global Energy 81, no. 2 (2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2077-6322-2021-81-2-125-130.

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The purpose of this work is a component-wise analysis of the dynamics of anthropogenic impact on the aquatic complexes of the Lower Volga, which includes such indicators as: COD, BOD5, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, mercury, molybdenum, phenols, petroleum products, nitrites, hydrogen sulfide and sulfides and other Methods. The following methods were used in the work: cartographic, comparative-geographical, mathematical-statistical, geoinformation. Results. As a result of the conducted geoecological monitoring, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the surface waters of the Astrakhan region were considered, and areas of pollution that were environmentally hazardous to the health of the population were identified. Conclusions. The quality of the Lower Volga waters according to the comprehensive assessment of pollution was determined by the class "dirty", category "a", the excess of MPC was for COD, BOD5, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, mercury, phenols, oil products and sulfides and nitrites. Oxygen regime and pH regime were within normal limits.
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Selivanov, Evgeny N., L. Yu Udoeva, and N. I. Selmenskich. "Phase Transformation in Granular Alloys of Cu2S-Ni3S2-Na2S System." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.263.

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The effect of Na2S on the phase composition and microstructure of tempered Cu2S-Ni3S2 alloys was studied by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). It was found that quick crystallization of the sulfide melt leads to separation into two phases - Ni3S2 and a solid solution of Cu2S with Na2Cu4S5, moreover, nickel is concentrated in large particles and copper – in small ones. In contrast to the fine dendrite solidification of granular Cu2S-Ni3S2 alloys, in the ternary system there is a well-defined two-phase microstructure with rounded borders of the interface. Friability and a low microhardness of Cu2S - Na2Cu4S5 solid solution provide an autodecomposition of the sulfides melt by quenching into water (granulation). The degree of separation of copper and nickel depends on the overheating temperature and a quantity of Na2S in melt. The results can be used to hydrometallurgical processing of copper-nickel convert matt.
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Barnes, Stephen J., David R. Mole, Richard Hornsey, and Louise E. Schoneveld. "Nickel-Copper Sulfide Mineralization in the Ntaka Hill Ultramafic Complex, Nachingwea Region, Tanzania." Economic Geology 114, no. 6 (2019): 1135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4677.

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Abstract The Ntaka Hill Ni-Cu deposit in Tanzania lies within the Mozambique belt, a complex, long-lived Neoproterozoic suture zone that formed during the amalgamation of Gondwana. The deposit is hosted within the moderately deformed Ntaka Ultramafic Complex, which was emplaced at ~660 Ma, around 20 m.y. before the East African orogeny. Due to strain partitioning into amphibolites and metapyroxenites at the margins of the sills, magmatic cumulate textures are very well preserved. The Ntaka Hill mineralization is predominantly disseminated sulfides within orthopyroxenites and harzburgites. Sulfides show typical magmatic mineralogy and occur as isolated blebs and interstitial networks as well as in soft-walled segregation veins that form localized shoot-like high-grade zones. Deformation had relatively little effect on the deposition of sulfides other than minor localization of strain within some preexisting sulfide-dominant veins. Grade shells define elongate tubular channels that coincide broadly with the more magnesian cumulate rocks. Base and precious metal tenors are widely variable, ranging from 1 to 17% Ni and 0.5 to 10% Cu with no particular correlation with host-rock type, although the tenor range in the more magnesian cumulates is more restricted, with the low-tenor component (<3% Ni, <1% Cu) missing. Olivine compositions vary widely, with forsterite contents ranging from Fo84 to Fo89 with up to 0.85% NiO. These unusually high Ni contents are attributed to equilibration with high-Ni-tenor sulfides percolating through the intercumulus pore space. Complex zoning patterns in the Cr content of orthopyroxenes record fluctuating crystallization conditions attributed to wall-rock assimilation. The intrusion emplacement setting is interpreted to be derived from a flow of xenolith-, crystal-, and sulfideladen magma through channelized sills where much of the sulfide was incompletely equilibrated with the host magma, resulting in highly variable R-factors. Despite the widespread presence of graphite in the marginal pyroxenites, olivine-sulfide Fe/Ni partitioning records typical redox conditions that are slightly more oxidized than quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM)—further evidence of a lack of extensive large-scale equilibrium within the intrusive complex. The Ntaka Ultramafic Complex preserves an arrested stage of the amalgamation of small sulfide-bearing sill-sediment complex intrusions into larger convecting magma chambers, forming one end of a process continuum including Kevitsa (Finland) as an intermediate stage and Mirabela (Brazil) as the layered intrusion end member.
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Malitch, K. N., I. Yu Badanina, N. G. Soloshenko, and S. F. Sluzhenikin. "Copper and zinc isotopic variations in Ni-Cu-PGE ores of the Noril’sk Province (Russia)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 24, no. 2 (2024): 300–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2024-24-2-300-325.

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Research subject. Mineral assemblages of sulfides from massive and disseminated sulfide nickel-copper-platinum-group element (Ni-Cu-PGE) and low-sulfide PGE ores of the Noril’sk Province, which hosts the richest complex deposits of platinum-group metals, nickel, and copper. Aim. In order to identify sources of ore material and explore new forecasting approaches for Ni-Cu-PGE deposits, we study the Cu- and Zn isotopic compositions of sulfides from economic Kharaelakh and Noril’sk-1 intrusions containing unique and large sulphide Ni-Cu-PGE deposits (Oktyabr’sk and Noril’sk-1, respectively), subeconmic Zub-Marksheider and Vologochan intrusions containing small- to medium-size Ni-Cu-PGE deposits, and non-economic Nizhny Talnakh and Nizhny Noril’sk intrusions containing low grade disseminated Ni-Cu mineralization. Results. The analyzed samples are characterized by sulfide mineral assemblages, which contain mainly chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, troilite, cubanite, and galena. Sulfide Ni-Cu-PGE ores of the Oktyabr’sk and Noril’sk-1 deposits, associated with economic intrusions (i.e., Kharaelakh and Noril’sk-1), demonstrate distinct δ65Cu values from –2.42 to –1.40‰ and from –0.33 to 0.60‰, respectively, which differ from the δ65Cu values for sulfides from other Ni-Cu-PGE deposits and ore occurrences of the Noril’sk Province (data comprise 36 analyses). We note that the Cu-isotopic composition for sulfide minerals of massive and disseminated ores from the Kharaelakh intrusion has similar “isotope-light” characteristics. The most pronounced shift towards “isotope-heavy” copper was found in the horizon of low-sulfide PGE ores of the Noril’sk-1 intrusion (δ65Cu = 0.51–0.60‰). The isotopic composition of Zn (δ66Zn) for the studied sulfide samples from economic, subeconomic, and non-economic intrusions, with the exception of one sample (0.73 ± 0.14‰), is characterized by similar “isotope-light” values (from –0.65 to –0.03‰). Conclusions. The revealed variations in the Cu- and Zn-isotopic composition in the studied sulfide assemblages from all types of ores reflect their primary characteristics; however, for the unique Oktyabr’sk Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, characterized by the most “isotopically light” composition of copper (δ65Cu = –1.9 ± 0.34‰), the possibility of assimilation of an external source of Cu during the formation of sulfide Ni-Cu-PGE ores cannot be excluded. The combined use of Cu and Zn isotopic parameters proved to be a weakly informative predictive indicator for the detection of high-grade sulfide ores, primarily due to the similarity of the Zn isotopic composition of the ore material in all investigated intrusions of the Noril’sk Province.
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Kasikov, Alexandr G., Elena A. Shchelokova, Olga A. Timoshchik, and Vasilij V. Semushin. "Deep Processing of Dump Slag from the Copper-Nickel Industry." Metals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071265.

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This work proposes an environmentally safe and economically feasible method of waste copper-nickel production slag utilization (Kola Mining-Metallurgical Company, Nornickel, Kola Peninsula, Russia). This process involves the decomposition of slag by diluted solutions of sulfuric acid (7–10 wt.% H2SO4) with a transfer in a solution of more than 70% silicon, 77% iron and 78% magnesium, and a concentration of non-ferrous metals in the residue (~70%). Copper ions were used in the leaching stage to prevent the release of hydrogen sulfide into the working atmosphere. Dehydration of the solution, followed by washing of water-soluble sulphates from silica, was carried out to separate silica from the leaching solution. The dehydration temperature effect on the silica structural characteristics was determined. The possibility of recovering non-ferrous metals from solutions after silica extraction by precipitation, in the form of copper cementite, and the sum of nickel and cobalt sulfides, was evaluated. Pigment-grade iron dioxide, magnesium sulphate and aluminium hydroxide were obtained by dehydration of the solution after extraction of base metals, calcination and other operations. Sulfuric acid leaching resulted in the disclosure of sulfide grains encapsulated in ferrosilicate, which is a favorable factor for flotation. The depleted residue can be successfully used in the construction industry.
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Kameneva, Yuliya S., Elena V. Chernousenko, and Galina V. Mitrofanova. "The application of collectors with nitrile functional groupping for flotation of copper-nickel ores." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (2022): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.019.

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Non-ionic organic Tecflote reagents, having different-structure alkyl radicals and different numbers of functional groups,are investigated as potential flotation collectors for flotation recovery of nickel and copper. The efficiency of their action in respect to recoverable nickel and copper sulfides, is shown by the method of non-frothing flotation of the ore sample treated with chalcopyrite. The application of Tecflote reagents in the ore flotation cycle provided similar indicators for the recovery of valuable metals to those with traditional reagents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copper and nickel sulfides"

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Evans-Lamswood, Dawn. "Physical and geometric controls on the distribution of magmatic and sulphide-bearing phases within the Voisey's Bay nickel-copper-cobalt deposit, Voisey's Bay, Labrador /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 1999. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,26958.

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Thesis (M.Sc.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000.<br>Restricted until January 2002. The CD-ROM "includes a series of .AVI files... the .AVI files are digital video captures of the 3-dimensional models used to produce the 2 dimension figures contained in this document." Bibliography: leaves 254-265. Also available online.
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Lu, Zheng-Ya. "Extraction of copper from copper-iron and copper-nickel-iron sulfide concentrates by a double roast-leach process." Thesis, Lu, Zheng-Ya (1986) Extraction of copper from copper-iron and copper-nickel-iron sulfide concentrates by a double roast-leach process. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1986. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52722/.

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A fundamental investigation into a double roast-leaeh process to extract copper from sulfide concentrates containing iron and nickel has been undertaken. The double roast-leach process involves three steps: dead roast to remove sulfur from concentrates, segregation roast to produce metallic copper, and a selective leach of copper with acidic Cu(II) sulfate/acetonitrile (AN)/H20 or Cu(II) chloride/NaCl/h2O solutions. The first part of this work investigates the application of the double roast-leach process for -the recovery of copper from copper-iron and copper-nickel-iron sulfides under a variety of roast conditions. The extent of sulfur removal from the calcine and the formation of copper ferrite were studied to test their effect on the subsequent leaching and recovery of copper. It was found that sulfur in the calcine tends to hold copper as CuS and decrease the copper recovered by leaching, whi1st the formation of ferrite has less effect on the subsequent segregation and copper leaching. A study of the effect of temperature, carbon addition, chloride addition and time on segregation roasting revealed that with about 10% carbon addition, a high efficiency of copper segregation and leaching was achieved over a relatively wide range of roasting temperatures and leaching conditions. However strict control of the roasting temperature to about 670C and carbon addition was necessary to achieve selective segregation and extraction of copper from nickel and iron-bearing sulfide concentrates. The second part of this work compares and contrasts the dissolution rates and mechanism of copper and nickel metals, NiO, Fe3O4, CuFe204 and NiFe2O4 which are the components of the segregated calcine in both the Cu(II) sulfate/AN/H20 and Cu(II) chloride leach solution systems. Both electrochemical and kinetic studies were carried out on pure synthetic minerals by using rotating disc electrodes under controlled potentials and by leaching the minerals in various leach solutions of different Eh. Both approaches complemented each other and gave good agreement and correlation. It was found that the dissolution rate of copper in both the aqueous chloride and aqueous AN/sulfate leach systems was determined by Cu(II) diffusion. The dissolution rate of nickel in aqueous chloride solutions was also determined by Cu(II) diffusion, but in aqueous AN/ sulfate solutions it was inhibited by the passivation of the nickel surface. However, under practical leach conditions there is sufficient chloride present in the segregated calcine to prevent passivation from occurring. In the absence of nickel passivation the dissolution of nickel was also controlled by Cu(II) diffusion in sulfate media. By contrast, the dissolution of magnetite was found to be affected mainly by the redox potential and proton activity(aH+)of the solution and basically unaffected by stirring. Magnetite reacted most rapidly in the presence of Cu(I) at potentials cathodic to its rest potential, and the reaction rate was directly proportional to aH+. Thus to minimise the dissolution of magnetite it was necessary to leach the calcine at high Eh and high pH. The dissolution rates of hematite and nickel, copper and zinc ferrites were determined in dilute HC1. As found with magnetite, reducing agents such as Cu(I) favoured the acid dissolution of hematite but hindered the dissolution of nickel(II) oxide. This was supported by cyclic voltammogram studies of carbon pastes of and ferrites these materials. Overall, it was established that both acidic Cu(II) sulfate/AN/ H20 and Cu(II) chloride/NaCl/H20 solutions are suitable for selective leaching of copper following double roasting.
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Carvalho, Luciana Batista de. "Autoxidação dos complexos de tetra, penta e hexaglicina de Ni(II), Co(II) e Cu(II) induzida por S(IV). Determinação de S(IV) e aldeídos por quimiluminescência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-30032007-153520/.

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A autoxidação dos complexos de Ni(II) e Co(II) com tetra, penta e hexaglicina, em meio de tampão borato, é acelerada por espécies de enxofre (IV) (H2S0<SUB3, HS03-e SO32-). A formação dos complexos de Ni(III) e Co(III) foi acompanhada espectrofotometricamente em 325 e 265 nm, respectivamente. A velocidade da reação de autoxidação do complexo de Ni(II)/Gn aumenta com a concentração de S(IV) e é máxima em pH &#926;8,5. O processo é autocatalítico com Ni(III)ou Co(III)atuando como iniciadores, forma~os pela oxidação espontânea de Ni(II) ou Co(II) pelo oxigênio molecular. A dependência da constante de velocidade observada com a oncentração de S(IV) evidenciou possíveis reações paralelas com formação de um complexo com ligantes mistos antes da etapa da oxidação. A autoxidação dos complexos de Cu(II)com penta e hexaglicina em pH =9 é muito lenta, na presença e na ausência de S(IV).A presença de S(IV) e de traços de Ni(II)ou Co(II) aumenta significativamente a velocidade e a eficiência da reação (período de indução de 0,5 s). O mecanismo envolve uma cadeia de reações e um ciclo redox dos complexos. Acetaldeído e formaldeído inibem parcialmente a reação de autoxidação de Ni(II)/G4 na presença de S(IV) e luminol.O método quimiluminescente desenvolvido pode ser empregado para determinação de formaldeído [(5,0.10-5 - 1,0.10-2) mol L-1] e acetaldeído [(1,0.10-4 - 0,10) mol L-1], não sendo possível detectar separadamente cada um desses aldeídos. Na autoxidação de Ni(OH)2 induzida por S(IV) na presença de luminol ocorre emissão de radiação, possibilitando a detecção de S(IV) na faixa de 5,0.10-8 a 1,0.10-5 mol L-1, com limite de detecção estimado de 1,3.10-8 mol L-1.<br>The autoxidation of Ni(lI) and Co(lI) complexes with tetra, penta and hexaglycine, in borate medium, is accelerated by sulfur (IV) species (H2S03, HS03- and SO32-). The formation of Ni(llI) and Co(lIl) complexes was followed spectrophotometrically at 325 and 265 nm, respectively. The autoxidation rate of Ni(II)/Gn complex increases with S(IV) concentration and is maximum at pH ~ 8.5. The process is autocatalytic with Ni(lIl) or Co(llI) acting as initiators, formed by spontaneous oxidation by oxygen. The dependence of the observed rate constant with S(IV) concentration showed evidences of back or parallel reactions with formation of mixed ligand complex prior to the oxidation step. The autoxidation of Cu(II)/penta and hexaglycine complexes at pH = 9, in the presence and absence of S(IV), is very slow. The presence of S(IV) and of small amounts of Ni(lI) or Co(lI) increases significantly the effectiveness and reaction rate (induction period = 0.5 s). The mechanism involves a radical chain and redox cycling of the metal íon complexes. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde partially inhibit the autoxidation reaction of Ni(II)/G4 in the presence of S(IV) and luminol. The developed chemiluminescent method can be used for determination of formaldehyde [(5.0.10-5 - 1.0.10-2) mol L-1] and acetaldehyde [(1.0.10-4 - 0.10) mol L-1), being not possible their isolated detection. The S(IV) induced autoxidation of Ni(OH)2 in the presence of luminol, occurs with radiation emission, allowing S(IV) detection in the range 5.0.10-8 to 1.0.10,-5 mol L-1, with detection limit of 1.3.10-8 mol L-1.
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Schumer, Benjamin Nathan, and Benjamin Nathan Schumer. "Mineralogy of Copper Sulfides in Porphyry Copper and Related Deposits." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626163.

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Porphyry copper deposits represent one of the largest copper reserves on Earth. They typically contain large, low-grade reserves of primary ore and higher-grade, supergene enrichment blankets of sulfide and oxide ores. Understanding the mineralogy of porphyry copper ores and ores related to porphyry copper systems is exceedingly important for several reasons, foremost of which are the information provided by ore mineral parageneses, assemblages, and mineral chemistry on evolution of these magmatic-hydrothermal systems, and information on mineral processing characteristics of the ores. The focus of this work is to better understand the mineralogy of supergene copper sulfides in porphyry copper systems and hypogene base metal lodes related to porphyry copper systems, and use this mineralogical knowledge to improve our understanding of the processes responsible for ore formation. The objectives of this study are accomplished by two means: focusing on the crystallography and crystal chemistry of minerals, and then applying this mineralogical knowledge to a supergene sulfide enrichment blanket and hypogene massive sulfides from base metal lodes in southeastern Arizona. The discovery of a new mineral, natropalermoite, NaSr2Al4(PO4)4(OH)4, provided the opportunity to use single-crystal X-ray diffraction to solve a crystal structure, and electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) to study the crystal chemistry of natropalermoite and how the accommodation of Na in the structure changes lengthens the unit cell along [010] and shortens it along [100] and [001] compared to its lithium analogue, palermoite. Solution of the crystal structure of the mineral nickelskutterudite, (Ni,Co,Fe)As3, allowed for the investigation of anion deficiency in minerals of the skutterudite group, a problem whose solution has eluded researchers for nearly 100 years. Two skutterudite (CoAs3) and two nickelskutterudite samples were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, EPMA, and procrystal electron density. The results showed fully-occupied anion sites and a cation surplus, which was accommodated in the icosahedral site, proving that minerals of the skutterudite group are not anion deficient. This mineralogical knowledge was applied to the supergene enrichment blanket in the Western Copper section of the Morenci mine, Greenlee County, and hypogene massive sulfide deposits associated with a porphyry copper deposit at Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona. This is one of very few studies of supergene sulfide blankets ever completed. One drill hole through the supergene blanket at Western Copper was examined using ore microscopy and EPMA. Results showed dominant (Cu+Fe):S ratios of 1.80 ± 0.05, 1.92 ± 0.03, and 1.10 ± 0.10, with higher (Cu+Fe):S dominant high in the blanket and low ratios dominant near the base of the blanket. These values were interpreted to be controlled by activity of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ in solution. Massive sulfide deposits at Bisbee were investigated using ore microscopy and EPMA in order to correct the previous conflicting reports of the mineralogy and paragenesis of this famous district and interpret constraints on conditions of ore-forming fluids. Results show four types of ore: chalcopyrite-rich with hematite and/or pyrite, bornite-rich, chalcocite-rich, and a Zn-Pb association. Chalcopyrite-rich ores formed first, followed by bornite-rich and chalcocite-rich ores. All ores were formed at relatively shallow depths from oxidized, moderately sulfur-rich fluids; early fluids were higher temperature and later fluids were lower temperature and considerably more sulfidized. Zinc-lead ores formed early and were continuously dissolved and reprecipitated distal to Cu-mineralization. These patterns are similar to many other base-metal lode districts worldwide, however Bisbee contains more Zn-Pb ore than other districts with hematite-containing ores and less than those without hematite.
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Lukashev, Pavel. "Crystal and Electronic Structure of Copper Sulfides." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1164213394.

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Lin, Jiann-Horng. "Supported Copper, Nickel and Copper-Nickel Nanoparticle Catalysts for Low Temperature Water-Gas-Shift Reaction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1327068565.

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7

Rismanchian, Azadeh. "Copper Nickel Anode for Methane SOFC." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1312299949.

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Chamberlain, Anthony C. "The effect of stoichiometry on the thermal behaviour of synthetic iron-nickel sulfides." Thesis, Curtin University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2602.

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The effect of stoichiometry on the pyrolytic decomposition, oxidation and ignition behaviour of synthetic violarite and pentlandite has been established. These minerals, of general formula (Fe,Ni)(subscript)3S(subscript)4 and (Fe,Ni)(subscript)9S(subscript)8 respectively, may vary considerably in Fe:Ni ratio. Pentlandite can also show some variation in metal:sulfur ratio. A series of samples, ranging in stoichiometry from Fe(subscript)0.96Ni(subscript)1.97S(subscript)4 to Fe(subscript)0.20Ni(subscript)2.72S(subscript)4 and Fe(subscript)5.80Ni(subscript)3.15S(subscript)8 to Fe(subscript)3.40Ni(subscript)5.55S(subscript)8, were synthesised and characterised using wet chemical analysis, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analysis.The thermal behaviour of these sulfides was examined using simultaneous Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) at different heating rates and in different atmospheres. Partially reacted samples were collected at various temperatures and analysed using XRD, EPMA, SEM, optical microscopy (OM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The endmembers of the violarite and pentlandite series were examined in detail to determine the effect of stoichiometry on the reaction mechanism. In this study the reaction mechanism refers to the sequence of reactions occurring during pyrolytic decomposition or oxidation of the sulfide minerals. Samples were sieved into four particle size fractions, 125-90, 90-63, 63-45 and 45-20 gm, to determine the effect of particle size on the reaction mechanism.When violarite was heated in an inert atmosphere at 10 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1, it initially decomposed to a monosulfide solid solution (mss), (Fe,Ni)(subscript)1-xS, and vaesite, (Ni,Fe)S(subscript)2, indicated by a sharp endothermic peak in the DTA trace. The decomposition temperature was found to be linearly dependent on the iron:nickel ratio, decreasing from 495 degrees celsius to 450 degrees celsius as the iron:nickel ratio decreased from 0.49 to 0.07. This was followed by a broader endothermic peak coinciding with a rapid mass loss, which was associated with the decomposition of vaesite to mss with the loss of sulfur. Between 615-805 degrees celsius the mss was converted to a high temperature form of heazlewoodite, (Fe,Ni)(subscript)3+/-S(subscript)2 melted incongruently at 835 degrees celsius and 805 degrees celsius for Fe(subscript)0.96Ni(subscript)1.97S(subscript)4 and Fe(subscript)0.20Ni(subscript)2.72S(subscript)4 respectively, with further loss of sulfur vapour forming a central sulfide liquid of general formula (Fe,Ni)(subscript)1+xS.Under similar experimental conditions, pentlandite pyrolytically decomposed forming mss and heazlewoodite with no associated loss of sulfur. The decomposition temperature decreased as the iron:nickel ratio deviated from the ideal value of 1:1. A maximum decomposition temperature of 610 degrees celsius was found at an iron:nickel ratio of 1.00, decreasing to 580 degrees celsius at a ratio of 1.84 and 0.61. Sulfur was evolved slowly at temperatures in excess of 760 degrees celsius as mss was converted to heazlewoodite, indicated by a gradual mass loss. The heazlewoodite then melted incongruently in excess of 840 degrees celsius indicated by a sharp endothermic peak, resulting in a further loss of sulfur.The oxidation of violarite and pentlandite was investigated at a heating rate of 10 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1 in an air atmosphere. The oxidation of violarite was initiated by decomposition to mss resulting in a rapid mass loss associated with the evolution of sulfur vapour, and an exothermic peak due to the gas phase oxidation of the sulfur. The iron sulfide component of the mss was then preferentially oxidised to iron(II) sulfate between 485-575 degrees celsius, upon which the sulfate decomposed and the remaining iron sulfide was preferentially oxidised to hematite. The mss core was then converted to (Fe,Ni)(subscript)3+/-xS(subscript)2 between 635-715 degrees celsius, resulting in the loss of further sulfur which was oxidised. The sulfide core, which consisted of predominantly Ni(subscript)3+/-xS(subscript)2 with a minor amount of iron still remaining in solid solution, incongruently melted at a constant temperature of 795 degrees celsius regardless of the initial stoichiometry of the violarite sample. This was followed by the rapid oxidation of the liquid sulfide resulting in a sharp exothermic peak in the DTA trace.For pentlandite, the TG-DTA curve exhibited an initial mass gain commencing at approximately 400 degrees celsius, which was attributed to the preferential oxidation of iron. Evidence from SEM indicated that iron migrated towards the oxygen interface, where it was oxidised to hematite. During this process the metal: sulfur ratio decreased and pentlandite was converted to mss. The iron sulfide component of the mss phase was then preferentially oxidised to hematite as indicated by a major exotherm, which occurred in the temperature range 575-665 degrees celsius, forming an oxide product layer around a nickel sulfide core. The oxidation of the remaining nickel sulfide followed the same reaction sequence to that of violarite.By increasing the heating rate to 40 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1, and carrying out the oxidation in pure oxygen, the tendency of the sulfides to ignite was established. Ignition was characterised by a highly exothermic reaction which coincided with a rapid mass loss over a short time period. Overheating of the samples above the programmed furnace temperature was also observed. Violarite exhibited ignition behaviour while pentlandite did not.Both sulfides were subjected to shock heating conditions (heating rate = 1500 - 5000 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1, oxygen atmosphere) using isothermal thermogravimetry (TG). This method produces heating rates analogous to those which are experienced in the reaction shaft of an industrial flash smelter. The effect of stoichiometry on ignition temperature and extent of oxidation for the entire series of synthetic violarites and pentlandites was determined. Partially ignited and ignited products were collected from isothermal TG experiments and were examined by OM, SEM and EPMA to establish the ignition mechanism.Both violarite and pentlandite ignited using the isothermal TG technique. A clear relationship was found between the stoichiometry of violarite and pentlandite and the ignition temperature, with an increase in the iron:nickel ratio causing a decrease in the ignition temperature. The ignition temperature also decreased as the size of the particles decreased.The extent of oxidation increased as the iron:nickel ratio increased, and also increased as the particle size decreased.
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9

Chamberlain, Anthony C. "The effect of stoichiometry on the thermal behaviour of synthetic iron-nickel sulfides." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, 1996. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11365.

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The effect of stoichiometry on the pyrolytic decomposition, oxidation and ignition behaviour of synthetic violarite and pentlandite has been established. These minerals, of general formula (Fe,Ni)(subscript)3S(subscript)4 and (Fe,Ni)(subscript)9S(subscript)8 respectively, may vary considerably in Fe:Ni ratio. Pentlandite can also show some variation in metal:sulfur ratio. A series of samples, ranging in stoichiometry from Fe(subscript)0.96Ni(subscript)1.97S(subscript)4 to Fe(subscript)0.20Ni(subscript)2.72S(subscript)4 and Fe(subscript)5.80Ni(subscript)3.15S(subscript)8 to Fe(subscript)3.40Ni(subscript)5.55S(subscript)8, were synthesised and characterised using wet chemical analysis, electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analysis.The thermal behaviour of these sulfides was examined using simultaneous Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) at different heating rates and in different atmospheres. Partially reacted samples were collected at various temperatures and analysed using XRD, EPMA, SEM, optical microscopy (OM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The endmembers of the violarite and pentlandite series were examined in detail to determine the effect of stoichiometry on the reaction mechanism. In this study the reaction mechanism refers to the sequence of reactions occurring during pyrolytic decomposition or oxidation of the sulfide minerals. Samples were sieved into four particle size fractions, 125-90, 90-63, 63-45 and 45-20 gm, to determine the effect of particle size on the reaction mechanism.When violarite was heated in an inert atmosphere at 10 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1, it initially decomposed to a monosulfide solid solution (mss), (Fe,Ni)(subscript)1-xS, and vaesite, (Ni,Fe)S(subscript)2, indicated by a ++<br>sharp endothermic peak in the DTA trace. The decomposition temperature was found to be linearly dependent on the iron:nickel ratio, decreasing from 495 degrees celsius to 450 degrees celsius as the iron:nickel ratio decreased from 0.49 to 0.07. This was followed by a broader endothermic peak coinciding with a rapid mass loss, which was associated with the decomposition of vaesite to mss with the loss of sulfur. Between 615-805 degrees celsius the mss was converted to a high temperature form of heazlewoodite, (Fe,Ni)(subscript)3+/-S(subscript)2 melted incongruently at 835 degrees celsius and 805 degrees celsius for Fe(subscript)0.96Ni(subscript)1.97S(subscript)4 and Fe(subscript)0.20Ni(subscript)2.72S(subscript)4 respectively, with further loss of sulfur vapour forming a central sulfide liquid of general formula (Fe,Ni)(subscript)1+xS.Under similar experimental conditions, pentlandite pyrolytically decomposed forming mss and heazlewoodite with no associated loss of sulfur. The decomposition temperature decreased as the iron:nickel ratio deviated from the ideal value of 1:1. A maximum decomposition temperature of 610 degrees celsius was found at an iron:nickel ratio of 1.00, decreasing to 580 degrees celsius at a ratio of 1.84 and 0.61. Sulfur was evolved slowly at temperatures in excess of 760 degrees celsius as mss was converted to heazlewoodite, indicated by a gradual mass loss. The heazlewoodite then melted incongruently in excess of 840 degrees celsius indicated by a sharp endothermic peak, resulting in a further loss of sulfur.The oxidation of violarite and pentlandite was investigated at a heating rate of 10 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1 in an air atmosphere. The oxidation of violarite was initiated by decomposition to mss resulting in a rapid mass loss associated with the evolution of sulfur vapour, and an exothermic peak due to the gas phase oxidation of ++<br>the sulfur. The iron sulfide component of the mss was then preferentially oxidised to iron(II) sulfate between 485-575 degrees celsius, upon which the sulfate decomposed and the remaining iron sulfide was preferentially oxidised to hematite. The mss core was then converted to (Fe,Ni)(subscript)3+/-xS(subscript)2 between 635-715 degrees celsius, resulting in the loss of further sulfur which was oxidised. The sulfide core, which consisted of predominantly Ni(subscript)3+/-xS(subscript)2 with a minor amount of iron still remaining in solid solution, incongruently melted at a constant temperature of 795 degrees celsius regardless of the initial stoichiometry of the violarite sample. This was followed by the rapid oxidation of the liquid sulfide resulting in a sharp exothermic peak in the DTA trace.For pentlandite, the TG-DTA curve exhibited an initial mass gain commencing at approximately 400 degrees celsius, which was attributed to the preferential oxidation of iron. Evidence from SEM indicated that iron migrated towards the oxygen interface, where it was oxidised to hematite. During this process the metal: sulfur ratio decreased and pentlandite was converted to mss. The iron sulfide component of the mss phase was then preferentially oxidised to hematite as indicated by a major exotherm, which occurred in the temperature range 575-665 degrees celsius, forming an oxide product layer around a nickel sulfide core. The oxidation of the remaining nickel sulfide followed the same reaction sequence to that of violarite.By increasing the heating rate to 40 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1, and carrying out the oxidation in pure oxygen, the tendency of the sulfides to ignite was established. Ignition was characterised by a highly exothermic reaction which coincided with a rapid mass loss over a short time period. Overheating of the samples above the programmed furnace ++<br>temperature was also observed. Violarite exhibited ignition behaviour while pentlandite did not.Both sulfides were subjected to shock heating conditions (heating rate = 1500 - 5000 degrees celsius min(subscript)-1, oxygen atmosphere) using isothermal thermogravimetry (TG). This method produces heating rates analogous to those which are experienced in the reaction shaft of an industrial flash smelter. The effect of stoichiometry on ignition temperature and extent of oxidation for the entire series of synthetic violarites and pentlandites was determined. Partially ignited and ignited products were collected from isothermal TG experiments and were examined by OM, SEM and EPMA to establish the ignition mechanism.Both violarite and pentlandite ignited using the isothermal TG technique. A clear relationship was found between the stoichiometry of violarite and pentlandite and the ignition temperature, with an increase in the iron:nickel ratio causing a decrease in the ignition temperature. The ignition temperature also decreased as the size of the particles decreased.The extent of oxidation increased as the iron:nickel ratio increased, and also increased as the particle size decreased.
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Jarjoura, George. "Effect of nickel on copper anode passivation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48272.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Copper and nickel sulfides"

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Attanasi, E. D. A resource assessment of copper and nickel sulfides within the Mountain View area of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Smyres, G. A. Hydrochloric acid-oxygen leaching and metal recovery from copper-nickel bulk sulfide concentrate. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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A, Di︠u︡zhikov O., та Society of Economic Geologists (U.S.), ред. Geology and metallogeny of sulfide deposits, Norilʹsk Region U.S.S.R. Society of Economic Geologists, 1992.

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Hydro-Sulfides 2004 ( 2004 Santiago, Chile). Hydro-Sulfides 2004: International colloquium on hydrometallurgical processing of copper sulfides. Departamento Ingenieria de Minas, Universidad de Chile, 2004.

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Institute, Nickel, ed. Copper-nickel welding and fabrication. Copper Development Association, 2013.

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Mwansa, Jacob Ching'andu. Direct smelting of copper-nickel ore. University of Birmingham, 1986.

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O, Dannenberg R., ed. Recovery of cobalt and copper from complex sulfide concentrates. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Mielczarski, Jerzy Andrzej. Struktura warstwy adsorpcyjnej tiolowych odczynników flotacyjnych na miedzi i minerałach siarczkowych. Dział Wydawnictw Politechniki Śląskiej, 1987.

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G, Carnahan T., ed. Silver-catalyzed oxidative leaching of an arsenical copper sulfide concentrate. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Lei, K. P. V. Silver-catalyzed oxidative leaching of an arsenical copper sulfide concentrate. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Copper and nickel sulfides"

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Misra, Kula C. "Nickel (-Copper) Sulfide Deposits." In Understanding Mineral Deposits. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3925-0_6.

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Wiltshire, John. "Ocean Minerals." In Heavy Metal. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0373.05.

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The oceans cover 71% of the planet, and the seafloor contains the largest source of new minerals yet to be exploited, including manganese nodules and crusts, and polymetallic sulfides. These ocean floor deposits could provide a vast source of critical metals for the coming green economy, including cobalt, nickel, copper and rare-earth elements. However, the environmental effects of large-scale seafloor mining are not well known, and hotly debated between mining companies eager to profit, and environmental groups seeking to impose moratoria on seabed mining pending better documentation of potential impacts. Seabed mining, presently in limbo, could start as early as 2025.
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Distler, V. V., A. D. Genkin, and O. A. Dyuzhikov. "Sulfide Petrology and Genesis of Copper-Nickel Ore Deposits." In Special Publication No. 4 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70902-9_7.

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Nie, Qi, Ping Lu, Lei Ma, Yong Cheng, Cong Liu, and Yiming Wen. "Research on flotation process of copper-nickel sulfide ore." In Advances in Mineral Resources, Geotechnology and Geological Exploration. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003319412-10.

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Wang, Fei, David Dreisinger, Glenn Barr, and Chris Martin. "Utilization of Copper Nickel Sulfide Mine Tailings for CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Nickel Sulfidization." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92563-5_24.

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Lesher, C. M., and D. I. Groves. "Controls on the Formation of Komatiite-Associated Nickel-Copper Sulfide Deposits." In Special Publication No. 4 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70902-9_4.

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Li, Guangshi, Hongwei Cheng, Xingli Zou, et al. "Phase Transformation and Element Migration in the Oxidation Process of Nickel-Copper Sulfide Ore." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093404.ch61.

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Xu, Cong, Hongwei Cheng, Guangshi Li, et al. "Recovery of Nickel and Copper from Polymetallic Sulfide Concentrate through Salt Roasting Using NH4Cl." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48093-0_84.

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Li, Guangshi, Hongwei Cheng, Xingli Zou, et al. "Phase Transformation and Element Migration in the Oxidation Process of Nickel-Copper Sulfide Ore." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48191-3_61.

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Xu, Cong, Hongwei Cheng, Guangshi Li, et al. "Recovery of Nickel and Copper from Polymetallic Sulfide Concentrate Through Salt Roasting Using Nh4Cl." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274643.ch84.

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Conference papers on the topic "Copper and nickel sulfides"

1

Little, Brenda, Pat Wagner, and John Jacobus. "The Impact of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on Welded Copper-Nickel Seawater Piping Systems." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88081.

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Abstract Field and laboratory experiments were designed to evaluate corrosion in welds and heat-affected zones in Cu/Ni seawater piping systems exposed to estuarine water and seawater. The localized corrosion was shown to be due to the following sequence of events: (1) metal segregation during heating processes; (2) settlement of sulfide-producing bacteria in welds; (3) sulfide derivatization; (4) disruption of the surface films by turbulence and (4) formation of adjacent cathodic and anodic areas. Metallic segregation in welded areas was detected by EDAX before the welds were exposed to estuarine water. Within the crevices, occlusions and surface irregularities of butt and socket welds, there were unique environments of microbial colonization. The sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) population in the weld areas was 1 × 104 cm-2. In the presence of in situ production of sulfides, copper and nickel-enriched areas were susceptible to sulfide derivatization; however, surface deposits on the nickel-enriched areas were easily removed by turbulence. The sulfide-coated, copper-enriched areas were cathodic relative to the adjacent nickel-enriched areas, resulting in selective attack. FeSO4 and Na2SO3 were evaluated as inhibitors of the localized attack. Fe++ (50 ppb) did not alter the attack of sulfides, but SO3-- (10 ppm) did lessen the observed attack.
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Little, Brenda, Patricia Wagner, Richard Ray, and Joanne M. Jones. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Copper Alloys in Saline Waters Containing Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91101.

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Abstract Sections of CDA 706 piping and Monel 400 tubing were severely pitted after exposure to marine and estuarine waters. Pits developed under surface deposits of mixed bacterial communities containing 104-105 sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Localized corrosion was attributed to a combination of differential aeration cells, a large cathode::small anode surface area, concentration of chlorides, development of acidity within the pits and the specific reactions of the base metals with sulfides produced by the SRB. Chlorine and sulfur reacted selectively with the iron and nickel in the alloys. Nickel had been removed from the pitted areas leaving a copper-rich, spongy pit interior. SRB isolated from in-service corroding systems were used to inoculate copper-and nickel-containing foils for laboratory studies. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) were used to characterize the topography and chemical composition of the wet biofilm/corrosion layers. The thickness, tenacity and chemistry of the sulfide layers as well as the severity of localized corrosion varied among the alloys and mixed cultures.
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Lenard, D. R., B. A. Noren, and Yueping Wang. "Monitoring the Corrosion of Copper-Nickel-Chromium Castings Using Electrochemical Frequency Modulation." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11354.

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Abstract Cast nickel aluminum bronze has been used extensively in some components in seawater systems because of its generally good toughness. However, this alloy can be susceptible to selective phase corrosion, which has led to requirements for removal of components on a fixed timetable to test for the presence of this corrosion. In an effort to reduce the costs associated with these inspections, some of these components will be replaced with those made from a cast copper-nickel-chromium alloy. This alloy should be free from this form of corrosion, particularly after the development of a protective film during exposure to clean, flowing seawater. Polluted seawater containing sulfides can interfere with the development of this protective film on other copper-nickel alloys. Electrochemical frequency modulation, along with other electrochemical techniques, will be used to monitor the effects of initial exposure to clean seawater or to polluted harbor water on the corrosion of cast copper-nickel-chromium specimens.
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Mack, Robert. "Corrosion of Two Nickel-Copper Alloys in Simulated Sour Production Environments." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01098.

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Abstract UNS N04400 and UNS N05500 (in this paper: Alloy 400 and Alloy K-500, respectively) are Ni-Cu alloys that are included in NACE Standard MR0175. Alloy K-500 is the precipitation hardening version of Alloy 400. Both alloys are used in sour service in oil and gas production, e.g., as small diameter tubing, fittings, in small valves, and as some components in downhole packers, subsurface safety valves, etc. The corrosion of Alloy 400 and Alloy K-500 were studied in laboratory experiments by exposing them to simulated sour, aqueous production environments with cover gases containing up to 200 psi of H2S and up to 400 psi of CO2 (1400 and 2760 kPa) while at temperatures as high as 350°F (177°C). Tests were also conducted in dry H2S gas. In general, the corrosion rate of each alloy increases with temperature, H2S partial pressure, temperature cycling, occurrence of alternate wetting and drying, and mechanical straining. Alloy 400, unlike Alloy K-500, was found to be limited only by general corrosion, as it was not found to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking or localized corrosion in these simulated sour service environments. The alloy condition, i.e., solution annealed (Alloy 400 and Alloy K-500) or solution annealed and aged (Alloy K-500), also affected the corrosion rate. The corrosion product produced on Alloys 400 and K-500 during exposure to sour environments is not adherent when dry; spalling and/or blistering of the product occurs. Therefore, alternating wetting and drying and/or dynamic straining could produce higher corrosion rates than observed in these laboratory tests. The adherence of the corrosion product is significantly better on Alloy K-500; no blistering or spalling. The corrosion product on the Alloy 400 was determined to be primarily Ni3S2 plus other nickel sulfides. Explanations for these variations and effects are offered in this paper.
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Woods, T. L., A. L. Amos, and M. B. McNeil. "Sulfiding Corrosion of Copper-Nickel Alloy in Synthetic Seawater." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92180.

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Abstract 90Cu-10Ni wafers were corroded abiotically in synthetic seawater solutions containing various concentrations of H+, dissolved O2, and dissolved sulfide. The samples were not disturbed during the corrosion process by stirring or monitoring of the solution chemistry. The Eh, pH, and the concentrations of dissolved O2 and sulfide in the initial and final solutions were measured. Upon removal, the corroded wafers were analyzed by SEM, EDX, XPS, and electron microprobe. These analyses revealed the presence of chalcocite, paratacamite, cuprite, aragonite, and possibly djurleite and digenite on the surfaces of the wafers. Adherence of the corrosion films varied with solution chemistry from those that were nonadherent to those showing good adherence. Significant dealloying of the Cu-Ni alloy was observed. The data suggest a model for this abiotic corrosion process that involves rapid scavenging of dissolved sulfide by copper to form an amorphous or cryptocrystalline Cu-S phase which later recrystallizes into large, well-formed Cu-S minerals. The Cu-S minerals initially formed under reducing conditions persisted even after the solutions became quite oxidizing.
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Lenard, D. R., and R. R. Welland. "Corrosion Problems with Copper-Nickel Components in Sea Water Systems." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98599.

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Abstract Recent changes in construction techniques and operational practice have resulted in a number of failures of copper-nickel components in sea water systems. These failures include erosion corrosion of welded 90/10 copper-nickel pipe, erosion corrosion of 90/10 copper-nickel heat exchanger tubes, "hot-spot" corrosion of 70/30 copper-nickel tubes and denickelification of 70/30 copper-nickel tubes. Case histories describing examples of each of these problems are presented. Factors contributing to these failures, such as welds protruding into the flow stream, tight bends, contamination by marine organisms, unusual flow patterns and exposure to sulfide-polluted, stagnant sea water, are discussed. Methods to prevent or reduce the future occurrence of these problems are also presented.
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Wagner, Patricia, Louis Janus, and Brenda Little. "An Evaluation of Surface Treatments for Copper-Nickel Seawater Systems." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88399.

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Abstract Corrosion in 90/10 Cu-Ni pipes was evaluated using estuarine water from the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Pascagoula River, maintained at a flow rate of 3 to 6 ft/sec over a 1-year period. The impact of surface preparation, batch FeSO4 (50 ppb Fe+2 for 48 hours) pretreatment, and intermittent treatment was evaluated. Surface deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Water analyses included pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved sulfide and sulfate, total organic carbon, total suspended solids and dissolved heavy metal analyses, as well as quantification of bacteriological components. Batch FeSO4 treatment did not result in a persistent increase in surface-bound iron and or decreased localized corrosion. Surface pitting appeared to be associated with accumulations of chlorine, sulfur and microbiological colonization.
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Ellor, J. A., G. A. Gehring, and Barry C. Syrett. "An Investigation of Water Treatments for Mitigating Sulfide-Related Corrosion of Copper Alloy Condenser Tubes." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86225.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of a study investigating selected water treatments that might be used to control sulfide-accelerated corrosion. The water treatments selected for evaluation included ferrous sulfate, benzotriazole, sodium dimethyl-dithiocarbamate, high molecular weight polyacrylamide, and Calgon CL-5. The study also evaluated the interaction and effect of sulfide, dissolved oxygen and temperature on the corrosion of copper alloy tubes under simulated condenser flow conditions. The program included three condenser tube alloys--aluminum brass, 70/30 copper-nickel, and 90/10 copper-nicke1. The results of the study show that: (1) the presence of sulfide can dramatically increase corrosion rate, (2) corrosion rates will tend to increase with increases in temperature and dissolved oxygen when other conditions are held constant and (3) ferrous sulfate treatment appears to be the most effective way of mitigating sulfide-accelerated corrosion of copper alloy condenser tubes.
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Videla, H. A., S. G. Gomez de Saravia, and M. F. L. de Mele. "MIC of Heat Exchanger Materials in Marine Media Contaminated with Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92189.

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Abstract Biofouling and MIC of aluminum brass, 70:30 copper-nickel alloy and titanium, exposed to laboratory cultures of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus + Desulfovibrio vulgaris in artificial seawater, were studied by using electrochemical techniques, surface analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of sulfide anions drastically changes the corrosion behavior of brass and copper-nickel. An increased attack under bacterial biofilms, characterized by a marked depletion of copper, and increased relative values of zinc, were found for brass. Copper-nickel showed an enhanced intergranular dissolution when exposed to the joint action of sulfide + chloride ions. Corrosion product layers were modified by bacterial activity in both alloys. Titanium samples did not show significant attack during the different exposure periods used. The electrochemical behavior of each of the three metals tested is related to their consequent performance as heat exchanger materials for coastal thermal power plants.
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Alhajji, J. N., and M. R. Reda. "A New Mechanism for the Corrosion of Copper-Nickel Alloys in Sulfide Polluted Seawater (Synergistic Effect of Complexing Agents)." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94474.

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Abstract The corrosion tendency of copper-nickel alloys in sulfide polluted seawater was investigated under simulated jet impingement conditions. It was found that under high jet impingement velocity the corrosion of these copper-nickel alloys decreases with increasing sulfide concentration. A new mechanism is proposed to explain this unexpected behavior. This behavior was attributed to the sweeping away of corrosive agents with increasing jet velocity. In addition it was found that complexing agents such as Erichrome Black-T (EBT) can render sulfide to be more aggressive and enhance the corrosion tendency. This mechanism supports the experimental results. It can concluded that at high jet velocity and long exposure time sulfide ions alone are not as deleterious as has been previously conceived.
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Reports on the topic "Copper and nickel sulfides"

1

Schoneveld, Louise, Morgan Williams, Walid Salama, et al. Indicator Minerals for Nickel Exploration. Minerals Research Institute of Western Australia (MRIWA), 2024. https://doi.org/10.71342/791643693819.

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This project will test trace element signatures within indicator minerals in well-defined, Western Australia-based case studies and determine their robustness throughout the weathered and transported cover. We will focus on rapid, practical analysis to apply this tool in a new, efficient workflow for exploration of magmatic Nickel-Copper-Sulfide deposits.
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2

Cawood, T. K., and J. M. Peter. The geology of critical battery metals: a spotlight on Co in VMS deposits and Li in pegmatites. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332348.

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As we move away from a fossil fuel-driven economy, the demand for metals used in energy-dense, rechargeable batteries is increasing; these include cobalt and lithium. Although cobalt is mostly obtained as a by-product from nickel and copper mining, significant amounts also occur in volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, of which Canada has many. However, the primary controls on cobalt distribution in VMS deposits are poorly understood, and may be affected by deformation and metamorphism. We show that cobalt can occur in pyrite, which retains its primary composition through greenschist facies metamorphism; and in pyrrhotite, which expels some cobalt during deformation to form cobaltite crystals. In contrast, most of the global lithium supply is derived from rare metal pegmatites and salars, with pegmatites the most important Canadian source. Our preliminary results confirm that lithium-bearing pegmatites can form directly during anatexis, as well as from fractional crystallization of large bodies of granitic magma.
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3

Eckstrand, O. R. Nickel-copper sulphide. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208042.

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Eckstrand, O. R. Magmatic nickel-copper-platinum group elements. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208040.

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Petek, M., J. S. Wike, B. P. Phillips, and C. A. Sampson. Plating nickel-63 on copper coupons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5199905.

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CZAJKOWSKI, C., and M. BUTTERS. INVESTIGATION IN HARDSURFACING A NICKEL-COPPER ALLOY (MONEL400). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/791763.

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Radev, Dimitar, Irena Mihailova, and Dimitar Mehandjiev. Mechanically Assisted Synthesis of Mixed Nickel-Copper Oxides. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.05.06.

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Kuhn, M., and J. A. Rodriguez. Adsorption of sulfur on bimetallic surfaces: Formation of copper sulfides on Pt(111) and Ru(001). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191271.

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Garner, F. A., and H. R. Brager. Swelling of copper-aluminum and copper-nickel alloys in FFTF-MOTA at approximately 450/sup 0/C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5349021.

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Paktunc, A. D. St. Stephen Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion and Related Nickel-Copper Deposits, New Brunswick. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120381.

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