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1
Selivanov, Evgeny N., O. V. Nechvoglod, and R. I. Gulyaeva. "Thermal Expansion of Copper and Nickel Sulfides and their Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.55.
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Thermal expansion coefficients of metal sulfides and their alloys are important for technological processes calculations of sulfide processing materials, for example, the crystallization equipment of nickel and copper-nickel converter matte. The synthesized copper and nickel monosulfide, and nickel and copper-nickel matte have been used as the initial samples. Dilatometric analysis was carried out by dilatometer (Linseis L78 RITA). Differences in the values measured are accounted for by the synthesis samples facilities, the coexistence of several non-stoichiometric sulfide phases and interaction during heating. In the temperature 20-500°C range the coefficients of thermal expansion (α) for the sulfides of copper, nickel and their alloys are changed from 10.4 to 20.610-6 1/K. Changes in the value α are accounted for by phase transitions in sulfide samples at their heating. Considering the properties of the phase components are an additive it is shown the thermal expansion coefficient complex sulfide-metal alloys is possible to calculate.
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Nechvoglod, Olga V., and Alena G. Upolovnikova. "The study of the phase composition of the products of electrochemical oxidation of sulfide granules of the system Cu1.96S–Ni3S2–Cu–Ni." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 3 (2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-3-149.
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The crystallization rate of copper and nickel sulfides influences on the phase formation processes. The high crystallization rate (about 103 degrees/s), achieved through granulation of the sulfide copper-nickel melt, leads to the stabilization of non-stoichiometric phases, the formation of ultrafine structures, which are grains and partial dissolution of the metal component in the sulfide. The structure of the granules is formed by nickel sulfide (Cu1.96S) phases in the form of dendritic inclusions of 2-20 µm in size in the nickel sulfide phase (Ni3S2). According to the phase diagram of the state of Cu – Ni – S, a solid solution of Cu – Ni may be present in the composition of eutectic compounds with copper and nickel sulphides. The electrochemical oxidation of copper and nickel sulfides in a solution of sulfuric acid occurs through a series of successive phase transformations described in the work, during which the conversion of sulfides occurs in intermediate oxidation states oxidizing to the elemental state: Cu1.96S → Cu1.8S → Cu1.75S → CuS → S; Ni3S2 → NiS → S. The non-stoichiometric composition of compounds suggests the presence of excessive or deficient sulfur and metal contents in the crystal lattice, which can affect the mechanism and sequence of phase transformations during the electrochemical oxidation of sulfide granules. Dissolution occurs not only on the surface of the granules, but also along the grain boundaries. The leached areas form capillaries inside the granules, through which electrolyte enters the electrochemical reactions. Porous sulfur sulfide sludge forms on the surface of the granules. The phase composition of the sludge was studied. The main phase components of poorly soluble products are nickel granules Ni3+хS2–Cu2-хS.
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Nechvoglod, O. V., Evgeny N. Selivanov, and S. V. Mamyachenkov. "Effect of Structure on the Electrochemical Oxidation Rate of Copper and Nickel Sulfides." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.383.
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Synthesized samples were crystallized at 10 - 1000 K/sec (νcooling) to study the effect of sulfides structure on the electrochemical oxidation rates. The methods of X-ray, optical and electronic microscopy are used to analyze the phase composition, and the methods of voltamperometry and chronoamperometry are used to study the laws of electrochemical oxidation. Slow cooling of the samples with sulfide phase (Cu1,96S, Ni3S2) leads to crystallization of the metal (Ni, Cu). High cooling rate leads to crystallization of non-equilibrium phases, increasing of proportion of the sulfide phase and decreasing of metallic component up to complete disappearance. It is shown that electrochemical oxidation of copper and nickel sulfides proceeds stepwise: Me2S Me2-XS Me1+XS MeS Me2+ + S. Experiments have revealed the rates of electrochemical oxidation of granular sulfides that exceed the rates established for the slowly cooled samples. The rates of the electrochemical oxidation of Ni3S2 at potential of 1500 mV are 8.810-8 g/sec·mm2 (at vcooling = 10 К/sec) and 1.310-7 g/sec·mm2 (at νcooling = 1000 К/sec). The rates of the electrochemical oxidation of Cu2S at potential of 1000 mV are 2.810-8 g/sec·mm2 (at νcooling = 10 К/sec) and 4.310-8 g/sec·mm2 (at νcooling = 1000 К/sec). It is found that the forming of a passivation layer effects the rate of the electrochemical oxidation of copper sulfide and nickel sulfide. Non-equilibrium phase composition and refinement provide greater reactivity of sulfides in the conditions of anodic polarization. The oxidation and passivation of metallic phase along with sulfide phases proceed from the surface of Me2S Me alloys. As for the samples crystallized at 1000 K/sec only anodic oxidation of sulfides occurs due to a lack of metallic phase. The compositions of passivation films and potentials providing the extraction of sulfur in the elemental state from the sulfides crystallized at high rates were determined.
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Watling, H. R. "The bioleaching of nickel-copper sulfides." Hydrometallurgy 91, no. 1-4 (2008): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.11.012.
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MIKHAIL M., IOLIN, and BORZOVA ANASTASIA S. "MAIN DYNAMICS OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON AQUAL COMPLEXES." Geology, Geography and Global Energy 81, no. 2 (2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2077-6322-2021-81-2-125-130.
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The purpose of this work is a component-wise analysis of the dynamics of anthropogenic impact on the aquatic complexes of the Lower Volga, which includes such indicators as: COD, BOD5, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, mercury, molybdenum, phenols, petroleum products, nitrites, hydrogen sulfide and sulfides and other Methods. The following methods were used in the work: cartographic, comparative-geographical, mathematical-statistical, geoinformation. Results. As a result of the conducted geoecological monitoring, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the surface waters of the Astrakhan region were considered, and areas of pollution that were environmentally hazardous to the health of the population were identified. Conclusions. The quality of the Lower Volga waters according to the comprehensive assessment of pollution was determined by the class "dirty", category "a", the excess of MPC was for COD, BOD5, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, mercury, phenols, oil products and sulfides and nitrites. Oxygen regime and pH regime were within normal limits.
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Selivanov, Evgeny N., L. Yu Udoeva, and N. I. Selmenskich. "Phase Transformation in Granular Alloys of Cu2S-Ni3S2-Na2S System." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.263.
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The effect of Na2S on the phase composition and microstructure of tempered Cu2S-Ni3S2 alloys was studied by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). It was found that quick crystallization of the sulfide melt leads to separation into two phases - Ni3S2 and a solid solution of Cu2S with Na2Cu4S5, moreover, nickel is concentrated in large particles and copper – in small ones. In contrast to the fine dendrite solidification of granular Cu2S-Ni3S2 alloys, in the ternary system there is a well-defined two-phase microstructure with rounded borders of the interface. Friability and a low microhardness of Cu2S - Na2Cu4S5 solid solution provide an autodecomposition of the sulfides melt by quenching into water (granulation). The degree of separation of copper and nickel depends on the overheating temperature and a quantity of Na2S in melt. The results can be used to hydrometallurgical processing of copper-nickel convert matt.
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Barnes, Stephen J., David R. Mole, Richard Hornsey, and Louise E. Schoneveld. "Nickel-Copper Sulfide Mineralization in the Ntaka Hill Ultramafic Complex, Nachingwea Region, Tanzania." Economic Geology 114, no. 6 (2019): 1135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4677.
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Abstract The Ntaka Hill Ni-Cu deposit in Tanzania lies within the Mozambique belt, a complex, long-lived Neoproterozoic suture zone that formed during the amalgamation of Gondwana. The deposit is hosted within the moderately deformed Ntaka Ultramafic Complex, which was emplaced at ~660 Ma, around 20 m.y. before the East African orogeny. Due to strain partitioning into amphibolites and metapyroxenites at the margins of the sills, magmatic cumulate textures are very well preserved. The Ntaka Hill mineralization is predominantly disseminated sulfides within orthopyroxenites and harzburgites. Sulfides show typical magmatic mineralogy and occur as isolated blebs and interstitial networks as well as in soft-walled segregation veins that form localized shoot-like high-grade zones. Deformation had relatively little effect on the deposition of sulfides other than minor localization of strain within some preexisting sulfide-dominant veins. Grade shells define elongate tubular channels that coincide broadly with the more magnesian cumulate rocks. Base and precious metal tenors are widely variable, ranging from 1 to 17% Ni and 0.5 to 10% Cu with no particular correlation with host-rock type, although the tenor range in the more magnesian cumulates is more restricted, with the low-tenor component (<3% Ni, <1% Cu) missing. Olivine compositions vary widely, with forsterite contents ranging from Fo84 to Fo89 with up to 0.85% NiO. These unusually high Ni contents are attributed to equilibration with high-Ni-tenor sulfides percolating through the intercumulus pore space. Complex zoning patterns in the Cr content of orthopyroxenes record fluctuating crystallization conditions attributed to wall-rock assimilation. The intrusion emplacement setting is interpreted to be derived from a flow of xenolith-, crystal-, and sulfideladen magma through channelized sills where much of the sulfide was incompletely equilibrated with the host magma, resulting in highly variable R-factors. Despite the widespread presence of graphite in the marginal pyroxenites, olivine-sulfide Fe/Ni partitioning records typical redox conditions that are slightly more oxidized than quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM)—further evidence of a lack of extensive large-scale equilibrium within the intrusive complex. The Ntaka Ultramafic Complex preserves an arrested stage of the amalgamation of small sulfide-bearing sill-sediment complex intrusions into larger convecting magma chambers, forming one end of a process continuum including Kevitsa (Finland) as an intermediate stage and Mirabela (Brazil) as the layered intrusion end member.
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Malitch, K. N., I. Yu Badanina, N. G. Soloshenko, and S. F. Sluzhenikin. "Copper and zinc isotopic variations in Ni-Cu-PGE ores of the Noril’sk Province (Russia)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 24, no. 2 (2024): 300–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2024-24-2-300-325.
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Research subject. Mineral assemblages of sulfides from massive and disseminated sulfide nickel-copper-platinum-group element (Ni-Cu-PGE) and low-sulfide PGE ores of the Noril’sk Province, which hosts the richest complex deposits of platinum-group metals, nickel, and copper. Aim. In order to identify sources of ore material and explore new forecasting approaches for Ni-Cu-PGE deposits, we study the Cu- and Zn isotopic compositions of sulfides from economic Kharaelakh and Noril’sk-1 intrusions containing unique and large sulphide Ni-Cu-PGE deposits (Oktyabr’sk and Noril’sk-1, respectively), subeconmic Zub-Marksheider and Vologochan intrusions containing small- to medium-size Ni-Cu-PGE deposits, and non-economic Nizhny Talnakh and Nizhny Noril’sk intrusions containing low grade disseminated Ni-Cu mineralization. Results. The analyzed samples are characterized by sulfide mineral assemblages, which contain mainly chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, troilite, cubanite, and galena. Sulfide Ni-Cu-PGE ores of the Oktyabr’sk and Noril’sk-1 deposits, associated with economic intrusions (i.e., Kharaelakh and Noril’sk-1), demonstrate distinct δ65Cu values from –2.42 to –1.40‰ and from –0.33 to 0.60‰, respectively, which differ from the δ65Cu values for sulfides from other Ni-Cu-PGE deposits and ore occurrences of the Noril’sk Province (data comprise 36 analyses). We note that the Cu-isotopic composition for sulfide minerals of massive and disseminated ores from the Kharaelakh intrusion has similar “isotope-light” characteristics. The most pronounced shift towards “isotope-heavy” copper was found in the horizon of low-sulfide PGE ores of the Noril’sk-1 intrusion (δ65Cu = 0.51–0.60‰). The isotopic composition of Zn (δ66Zn) for the studied sulfide samples from economic, subeconomic, and non-economic intrusions, with the exception of one sample (0.73 ± 0.14‰), is characterized by similar “isotope-light” values (from –0.65 to –0.03‰). Conclusions. The revealed variations in the Cu- and Zn-isotopic composition in the studied sulfide assemblages from all types of ores reflect their primary characteristics; however, for the unique Oktyabr’sk Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, characterized by the most “isotopically light” composition of copper (δ65Cu = –1.9 ± 0.34‰), the possibility of assimilation of an external source of Cu during the formation of sulfide Ni-Cu-PGE ores cannot be excluded. The combined use of Cu and Zn isotopic parameters proved to be a weakly informative predictive indicator for the detection of high-grade sulfide ores, primarily due to the similarity of the Zn isotopic composition of the ore material in all investigated intrusions of the Noril’sk Province.
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Kasikov, Alexandr G., Elena A. Shchelokova, Olga A. Timoshchik, and Vasilij V. Semushin. "Deep Processing of Dump Slag from the Copper-Nickel Industry." Metals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071265.
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This work proposes an environmentally safe and economically feasible method of waste copper-nickel production slag utilization (Kola Mining-Metallurgical Company, Nornickel, Kola Peninsula, Russia). This process involves the decomposition of slag by diluted solutions of sulfuric acid (7–10 wt.% H2SO4) with a transfer in a solution of more than 70% silicon, 77% iron and 78% magnesium, and a concentration of non-ferrous metals in the residue (~70%). Copper ions were used in the leaching stage to prevent the release of hydrogen sulfide into the working atmosphere. Dehydration of the solution, followed by washing of water-soluble sulphates from silica, was carried out to separate silica from the leaching solution. The dehydration temperature effect on the silica structural characteristics was determined. The possibility of recovering non-ferrous metals from solutions after silica extraction by precipitation, in the form of copper cementite, and the sum of nickel and cobalt sulfides, was evaluated. Pigment-grade iron dioxide, magnesium sulphate and aluminium hydroxide were obtained by dehydration of the solution after extraction of base metals, calcination and other operations. Sulfuric acid leaching resulted in the disclosure of sulfide grains encapsulated in ferrosilicate, which is a favorable factor for flotation. The depleted residue can be successfully used in the construction industry.
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Kameneva, Yuliya S., Elena V. Chernousenko, and Galina V. Mitrofanova. "The application of collectors with nitrile functional groupping for flotation of copper-nickel ores." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (2022): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.019.
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Non-ionic organic Tecflote reagents, having different-structure alkyl radicals and different numbers of functional groups,are investigated as potential flotation collectors for flotation recovery of nickel and copper. The efficiency of their action in respect to recoverable nickel and copper sulfides, is shown by the method of non-frothing flotation of the ore sample treated with chalcopyrite. The application of Tecflote reagents in the ore flotation cycle provided similar indicators for the recovery of valuable metals to those with traditional reagents.
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Costa, Dominique, Joelle Guignard, and Henri Pezerat. "Production of Free Radicals Arising from the Surface Activity of Minerals and Oxygen. Part Ii. Arsenides, Sulfides, and Sulfoarsenides of Iron, Nickel, and Copper." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 6 (1985): 1079–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500614.
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The excess incidence of lung cancers observed in metallic mines other than iron mines probably can be correlated not only to radioactivity, but also to dust pollution. The present work investigates the role of surface properties of sulfides and arsenides, which are present in metal mines, in oxidizing mechanisms capable of inducing oxidative stress and, possibly, of participating in carcinogenesis. Using added spin-trapping agent followed by ESR spectroscopy, it was observed that nickel and copper arsenides can be very active in the oxidation of formate or DMSO, by reducing the oxygen dissolved in a cell-free medium. Sulfides, on the other hand, are not active, except for the iron sulfides, which are very active as an air-aged powder. The process of activation and rendering the particle surface passive was investigated. Surface dissolution and moderate grinding were found to be activating factors, while air-aging generally rendered the particle surface passive. The critical factor in determining activity is the availability of reducing species of iron, copper, or nickel on the surface of the minerals.
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Tang, Min, Bao Liang Ge, and Shu Ming Wen. "Exploiting the Influence of Oxidization on Ultra-Fine Copper and Nickel Sulfide Containing Pt-Pd in Yunnan Mine." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.760.
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It is known that oxidation is one of the most common ways for penlandite to be introducted into tailing during traditional coarse-particle sulfide flotation. However, it could become much more complicated and challenging problems for the low-grade, fine-disseminated Cu-Ni sulfides containing Pt and Pd in Yunnan Mine, accompanied with more than 75% of the content of MgO in the ore sample is. Direct flotation tests had been conducted to extract the metallic values as much as possible by adding traditional depressants and collectors, such as carboxylmethyl cellulose, starch, sodium silicate, butyl xanthate, (BX), butyl ammonium dithophosphate (BA) and etc., the relatively satisfied recoveries of Cu, Ni, Pt and Pd in the concentrate from bench flotation tests were obtained, however, more than 30% of metallic values still lost in the slime. In this study, bench flotation tests for the ore sample fromYunnan Mine, micro-flotation tests of serpentines and pentlandite from Jinchuan Mine and their settling rate tests were conducted to figure out how the oxidation influence the recovery of the ultra-fine nickel sulfide. All the tests results pointed to the presence of over-oxidation on the ultra-fine nickel sulfide surface and lead to the loss of Ni containing Pt and Pd in the slime tailing. Some methods which tried to slow the speed of oxidation on mineral surface during grinding and flotation were introduced in order to recover the values before over-oxidation of sulfides; however, the slime coating of serpentines also may play an important role in disturbing the floatability of ultra-fine sulfide.
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Al-Hawbani, Ali M. "Geological and Geochemical Investigation of Host Rocks of Ni-Cu in Suwar Area North Western Yemen." Thamar University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (2023): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59167/tujnas.v2i2.1273.
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The Suwar Ni-Cu sulfide host rocks are located at the northwest of Yemen, about 18 km of Hajjah city. The host rocks at Suwar are associated with the ultramafic component of differentiated gabbroid intrusive.
 The results of chemical analysis of the major elements present in host rocks of Ni-Cu in Suwar area shows that, the magnesium oxide ranges from 20 to 30% , the silica oxide has an average 40% and iron oxids is also variegate between 14.4 and 18%.
 Based on the comparison between the results of the studied Ni-Cu sulfides in Suwar area with that obtained from famous international host rock, it is clear that there is a possible large collection of sulfides and Suwar host rocks which belong to the group which contains magnesium oxide (MgO) ranged between 15 and 33%, associated with high percentage of nickel and low percentage of copper. It also indicates similarity to Jinchuan and Kambalda magmatic bodies in China and Australia respectively. In addition, it shows that the nickel increases in ore with the increase of MgO contents in hosted rocks. Thus, there is a possibility of increasing percentage of nickel concentration in Suwar ore while the study is in progress. 
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Kemkina, Raisa A., and Igor' V. Kemkin. "Mineral composition of Albazinskoe deposit ores as an indicator of its belonging to the gold-rare metallic ore-formational type." Earth Sciences Research Journal 26, no. 3 (2022): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n3.71479.
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The paper presents new data on mineral composition and geochemical peculiarities of ores from the Albazinskoe gold-bearing deposit (Khabarovsk region, Far East of Russia). Excepting earlier known ore minerals represented by sulfides of iron, arsenic, lead, zinc, and copper, authors have established about two tens of ore minerals, new for this deposit. Among them are sulfides of antimony, bismuth and molybdenum, native bismuth, copper, nickel, silver, tellurides of bismuth, cobalt sulphoarsenite, nickel sulphoantimonite, silver sulphobismuthites, lead-antimony-bismuth sulphosalts, oxides of tin, titanium, tungsten and some others. The revealed specificity of the ores' material composition indicates this deposit belongs to the gold-rare metallic ore-formational type. The sets of geological and structural data show that gold-bearing deposits of this ore-formational type are spatially and genetically associated with the granitoid magmatism, which is exhibited within transform continental margin and related to the geodynamic mode of sliding of the continental and oceanic lithospheric plates.
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Rylnikova, Marina, Viktor Fedotenko, and Natalia Mitishova. "Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019203017.
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In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.
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Salisbury, Matthew H., Bernd Milkereit, Graham Ascough, et al. "Physical properties and seismic imaging of massive sulfides." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 6 (2000): 1882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444872.
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Laboratory studies show that the acoustic impedances of massive sulfides can be predicted from the physical properties ([Formula: see text], density) and modal abundances of common sulfide minerals using simple mixing relations. Most sulfides have significantly higher impedances than silicate rocks, implying that seismic reflection techniques can be used directly for base metals exploration, provided the deposits meet the geometric constraints required for detection. To test this concept, a series of 1-, 2-, and 3-D seismic experiments were conducted to image known ore bodies in central and eastern Canada. In one recent test, conducted at the Halfmile Lake copper‐nickel deposit in the Bathurst camp, laboratory measurements on representative samples of ore and country rock demonstrated that the ores should make strong reflectors at the site, while velocity and density logging confirmed that these reflectors should persist at formation scales. These predictions have been confirmed by the detection of strong reflections from the deposit using vertical seismic profiling and 2-D multichannel seismic imaging techniques.
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Gouedji, Franck, Christian Picard, Marc Antoine Audet, Thierry Augé, and Jorge Spangenberg. "Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization and PGM from the Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion, Yacouba complex, western Ivory Coast." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 4 (2021): 631–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1900030.
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ABSTRACT The mafic-ultramafic Samapleu deposits of the Yacouba complex, which host nickel, copper sulfides, and platinum-group minerals, are located in the Biankouma-Silipou region, western Ivory Coast. These intrusions originate from the mantle and would have been established during the Proterozoic (2.09 Ga) around 22 km deep within the Archean granulites (3.6–2.7 Ga) which at least partially contaminated them. Platinum-group and sulfide minerals from the Samapleu deposits were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, the electronic microprobe, X-ray fluorescence, fire assay, and a Thermo Fisher Scientific Delta S isotope ratio mass spectrometer system. The sulfide mineralization (mainly pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite ± pyrite) is mainly disseminated with, in places, semi-massive to massive sulfide veins. It is especially abundant in pyroxenite horizons with net or breccia textures. The isotopic ratios of sulfur measured from the sulfides (an average of 0.1‰), the R factor (between 1500 and 10,000), and the Cu/Pd ratios indicate a mantle source. Thus, the sulfides would have formed from sulfide liquids produced by immiscibility from the silicate mantle magma under mafic-ultramafic intrusion emplacement conditions and with possible geochemical modification of the magmas by assimilation of the surrounding continental crust. The platinum-group minerals (michenerite, merenskyite, moncheite, Co-rich gersdorffite, irarsite, and hollingworthite) are mainly associated with the sulfide phases. The nature of the platinum-group minerals is indicative of the probable role of late-magmatic hydrothermal fluids during the mineralizing process.
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Amdur, Alexey M., Sergei A. Fedorov, and Vera V. Yurak. "Transfer of Gold, Platinum and Non-Ferrous Metals from Matte to Slag by Flotation." Metals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101602.
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One of the stages of extracting gold and platinum from sulfide materials and circulating slags is the melting stage in ore-thermal and electric furnaces, where the melt is separated into matte and slag. Gold, platinum, and non-ferrous metals are concentrated in the matte. However, a significant portion of them ends up in the slag, which reduces recovery and increases environmental pollution. The main reason for their transition to slag is the flotation of sulfide droplets by gas bubbles, a significant proportion of which occurs during the decomposition of sulfides. Gold and platinum are associated with matte droplets during flotation. Evaluation of adhesion showed that it is large and comparable to the cohesion of these metals. One of the options to reduce the loss of valuable components is to add fluxes to the slag. The influence of calcite and fluorite on the distribution of gold and platinum over the melting products of copper–nickel sulfide materials (matte and slag) has been experimentally studied based on the above theoretical concepts of droplet flotation. When calcite was added to sulfide ore, there was a significant decrease in the sulfur content in the slag (more than 3 times). This, in turn, led to a decrease in non-ferrous metals in the slag by 2–3 times, with gold from 0.45 to 0.29 g/t and platinum from 2.15 to 2.06 g/t. The addition of fluorite to the mixture of copper–nickel matte and model slag (CaO/SiO2/Al2O3 = 40/40/20) significantly reduced the sulfur content and non-ferrous metals by 1.5 times, whereas gold was not found in the slag. The decrease in the number of sulfides in the slag is mainly because the listed additives reduce its viscosity. This leads to acceleration of the coagulation of sulfide drops, which are inevitably carried into the slag during flotation, and increases the rate of their settling to the slag–matte boundary, where they merge with the matte mass.
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Pichugina, A., S. Gortsevich, and V. Lutsik. "Kinetics of millerite and heazlewoodite dissolution in solutions of nitric acid." Bulletin of Science and Practice 456, no. 11 (12) (2016): 106–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.166791.
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The paper presents the results of a study of the kinetics of hydrolytic and oxidative dissolution of Nickel sulfides in nitric acid. Dependences of specific speed of dissolution of copper cations (W, mol/sm2s) from concentration of hydrogen peroxide (Cn, mol/dm3), рН, temperatures (T, K), frequencies of rotation disk (ω, c−1) and durations of interaction (τ, c) are studied. The mechanisms of the interaction of millerite and heazlewoodite. The values of apparent activation energy and sulfides dissolution rate constant are calculated. Interaction modes are established, probable limiting stages of dissolution processes.
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Wei, Guangsheng, Yun Wang, Rong Zhu, and Lingzhi Yang. "Influence of Desulfurization with Fe2O3 on the Reduction of Nickel Converter Slag." Materials 13, no. 10 (2020): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102423.
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Generally in the nickel converter slag, metals are mainly in the form of sulfides, which are difficult to separate from slag. Although metal oxides in the slag, such as NiO, CoO, and Cu2O, are easily reduced into metal using carbon, the presence of sulfur inhibits the reduction reaction. In this study, the addition of Fe2O3 to nickel converter slag produced desulfurized slag, which enhanced the carbothermal reduction process. Increasing the desulfurization rate promoted the conversion of sulfides into oxides in slag, which significantly increased the activity of NiO, Cu2O, and Fe2O3. However, the residual sulfur content had no significant effect on the activity of FeO and CoO, due to the high initial FeO content and cobalt existing mainly in the form of oxides. The optimum addition of Fe2O3 was 15.0 g per 100 g nickel slag, while the desulfurization ratio was 36.84% and the rates of nikel, cobalt and copper recovery were 95.33%, 77.73%, and 73.83%, respectively.
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Kuleshevich, L. V. "Noble-metal associations related to Paleoproterozoic basic-hyperbasic magmatism in the Lapland-Onega province of Karelia." Vestnik of Geosciences 9 (2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.9.3.
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Topomineralogical studies are part of mineralogenic research conducted in the Paleoproterozoic Lapland-Onega rift-related structure in Karelia. These studies are important because of the location of promising areas and the study of deposits associated with basic-hyperbasic magmatism in Paleoproterozoic rift-related structures (chromite, titanomagnetite and nickel ores with PGE and gold). The aim of mineralogenic studies is to better understand major ore and noble-metal mineral associations by microprobe and ICP-MS-analyses. It was found that chromite ores are accompanied by high-temperature associations of platinoids — arsenides, sulfo-arsenides Pt, Rh, Ir and bismutotellurides Pt (with Pd), and sulfide Cu-Ni ores — mainly Pt-Pd bismutotellurides and tellurides. Titanomagnetite ores with low-sulfide copper mineralization contain stibio-sulfoarsenides, antimonides, stannides, and more rarely sulfides of Pd, Pd-Pt, and silver-containing gold.
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Stepanov, V. A., V. Ye Kungurova та I. A. Koidan. "Металлогения Камчатского срединного массива". Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, № 4 (28 грудня 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2020-4-39-54.
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The article describes the ore bearance of three stages of reflected activation of the Kamchatka middle massif: Late Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene. In the first stage, gold mineralization of the gold-quartz and gold-sulfide-quartz formations was formed; in the second - sulfide platinoid-copper-nickel; in the third - gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry. The relationship of gold, sulfide platinoid-copper-nickel and gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry mineralization with certain igneous rock complexes - (Kola, Dukuk and Lavkin) is shown. The mining of nickel, copper from the Shanuch deposit and gold from placers has been noted.
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Grakova, O. V., K. S. Popvasev, and N. S. Ulyasheva. "Typochemistry and possible sources of ferrosaponite with Ce–Cu–Ni from the metabasalts of the Northern Ural." Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources 29, no. 3 (2024): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-3-372-383.
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We studied metabasites from metamorphic complexes located in the northern part of the Lyapin anticlinorium of the Subpolar Urals and the Kharbey anticlinorium in the Polar Urals of the Central Ural Uplift, which are part of the Arctic zone. For the first time, ferrosaponite containing copper, nickel, and rare earth metals has been identified in these metabasites. The morphological and typochemical characteristics of ferrosaponite were examined using electron microscopy. In the Polar Urals, ferrosaponite is found in the almandine eclogite of the Marunkeu eclogite-amphibolite gneiss. The mineral is associated with garnet, quartz, pyroxene, muscovite, amphibole, and sulfides. The general formula for the mineral from almandine eclogite: (Ca0,06–0,27K0,01–0,06Се0,01)∑0,13–0,31(Fe2+ 1,67–2,21Mg0,51–0,84 Cu0,01–0,09Ni0,03–0,11)∑2,25–3,08[(Si2,84–3,08Al0,92–1,16)∑4,00O10](OH)2 ×3,55–3,83H2O. In the Subpolar Urals, this mineral was examined in a sample of garnet-amphibole-biotite-plagioclase-quartz shale, where it occurs in association with other minerals: amphibole, plagioclase, quartz, epidote, biotite, zircon, albite, titanite, apatite, and sulfides. The general formula of the mineral: (Ca0,14–0,22K0,01–0,02Се0,01)∑0,15–0,23(Fe2+ 1,24–2,22Mg0,76–0,97)∑2,17–3,15 [(Si2,86–2,96Al1,04–1,14)∑4,00O10](OH)2 ×3,41–4,47H2O. It is assumed that ferrosaponite forms through a hydrothermal-metamorphic process during the late fluid stage of rock transformation. Feldspars and biotite serve as sources of potassium and aluminum, while hornblende, pyroxenes, and epidote are the primary suppliers of magnesium and iron. In the chemical composition, alongside the main components of the mineral—potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, and iron—copper, nickel, and rare earth metals were also detected. Under the influence of fluids, copper and nickel may have been derived from replaced sulfides, while cerium could have been introduced from allanite, apatite, and other minerals containing rare earth elements. Continued study of the mineragenic features of metamorphic rocks in the Arctic regions of the Urals is essential for a comprehensive assessment of their resource potential, as well as promising sources and concentrators of rare metals.
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Ikkurthi, Kanaka Durgaa S. Srinivasa Raob* P. Himasreea T.N.V Krishnaa S.V.S.V. Prabhu Deva Kumara &. Hee-Je Kima*. "CORE SHELL METAL SULFIDE COMPOSITE DECORATED WITH MNO2ON ZNO NANORODS AS AN EFFICIENT MATERIAL FOR SUPERCAPACITOR." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 5, no. 10 (2018): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1445494.
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Attention has been paid to the fabrication of Core shell metal sulfide composite materials with MnO<sub>2</sub> on nickel foamfor high-performance supercapacitors. We have prepared unique hetero-structures on nickel foam, which was accomplished through a facile and cost-effective chemical bath deposition method, hydrothermal method, combined with dip coating process and drop casting. Metal sulfides have enticed substantial attention owing to their outstanding properties and used in multiple application areas, such as electrochemical energy conversion and energy storage.Here we describe a cost-effective and facile solution approach for the preparation of metal sulfide (CuS) grown on ZnO NRs as a good electrical conductor and facilitating the polymer shell to grow on them. A maximum specific capacitance of 2554.61 and 2040.73 F g<sup>-1</sup> are measured for ZnONRs@CuS@PEDOT: PSS@MnO<sub>2</sub> and ZnONRs@CuS@PEDOT: PSS, respectively at 0.71 A g<sup>-1</sup>, whereas the pure ZnO and ZnO@CuS exhibits a specific capacitance of 24.77 and 1709.34 F g<sup>-1</sup>. After 3000 cycles at a high current density of 1.2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, the retention rate is 94%, indicating good long-term cycling stability. These results indicate that the ZnO NRs@CuS@PEDOT:PSS@MnO<sub>2 </sub>electrode has large electrode/electrolyte interface, which offers more active sites and ensures a high charge storage capacity, which is a promising for high-performance supercapacitor applications.
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Mao, Xiancheng, Longjiao Li, Zhankun Liu, et al. "Multiple Magma Conduits Model of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-(PGE) Deposit, Northwestern China: Constraints from the Geochemistry of Platinum-Group Elements." Minerals 9, no. 3 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030187.
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The giant Jinchuan nickel-copper-platinum-group element (PGE) deposit is hosted by two individual sub-vertical intrusions, referred to as the western and eastern intrusions (including segment II-W and segment II-E). Exactly how the Jinchuan deposit was formed by a system of sub-vertical magma conduits is still not well understood. This paper reports new major elements, trace elements and PGEs data from the Jinchuan deposit to study the formation mechanism of sulfide ores with different textures and their relationship with the magma conduit system. Our study shows that the PGE tenors of disseminated and net-textured sulfide in segment II-E are significantly lower than segment II-W and the western intrusion, but the Cu/Pd ratios are opposite. In addition, net-textured sulfides in segment II-W show a negative correlation between IPGE (Ir, Ru and Rh) and PPGE (Pt and Pd) in contrast to the positive correlation in segment II-E and the western intrusion. These features indicate the parental magma sources of the western intrusion, segment II-W and segment II-E were originally three different surges of PGE-depleted magma. Modeling of parental magma in the western intrusion, segment II-W and segment II-E suggests that they were formed by the same initial picritic basalt (100 ppm Cu, 1 ppb Ir and 10 ppb Pd) with different prior sulfide segregations (0.0075%, 0.0085% and 0.011%). The three parts of Jinchuan sulfides show that the Pt/Pd and (Pt + Pd)/(Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios decrease from section III-5 toward both sides in the western intrusion and decrease from section II-14 toward all sides, whereas no regular spatial variations occur in segment II-E, showing the different fractionation processes of sulfide melt. The massive sulfides in the western intrusion and segment II-E experienced a ~20% to 40% and ~40% to 60% fractionation of sulfide melt, respectively. We propose that the Jinchuan deposit was generated in a metallogenic system of multiple magma conduits, where sulfides entrained in parental magma experienced different amounts of prior removal.
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Song, Bo Yu, Lian Sheng He, Bei Dou Xi, Wei Xiong Guan, and Rui Meng. "Experimental Research on Application of Tailings Mortar for Treatment of Copper-Nickel Acid Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.218.
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The disposal of acid wastewater generated by a copper-nickel smelting enterprise by using abandoned tailings mortar combined with sulfide precipitation and coagulation indicated that this method has demonstrated good results: the effluent can acheive “Emmission standard of pollutants for copper, nickel, cobalt industry” (GB 25476-2010); the heavy metals in the sediment is not apt to experience dissolution, thus less possible for secondary pollution of soil and groundwater. The optimal combination conditions of this process for sludge/wastewater mass ratio is 14:1; sodium sulfide’s dosing is 20 ml, reaction time is 20 min; FeSO4 and acid waste water volum ratio is 0.05, the reaction time is 30 min.
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Udoeva, L. Yu, E. N. Selivanov, R. I. Gulyaeva, and A. D. Vershinin. "Phase transformations of copper and nickel sulfides in granular converter matte." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2012, no. 9 (2012): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029512090157.
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Latyuk, E. S., D. V. Makarov, and A. A. Goryachev. "Simulated heap bioleaching of sulfide copper-nickel technogenic waste in the Arctic." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1112, no. 1 (2022): 012119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1112/1/012119.
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Abstract A laboratory scale study was conducted, aimed at finding an effective method for processing copper-nickel technogenic raw materials. The heap bioleaching effectiveness for the processing of low-grade copper-nickel raw materials in the climatic conditions of the Arctic was considered. The intensity of copper and nickel leaching was studied at various ambient temperatures. The role of aeration on the recovery level of metals into solution was considered. By the end of the experiment without aeration, 8.43% copper and 16.26% nickel were recovered, while the use of aeration for 100 days made it possible to recover 8.47% copper and 16.78% nickel.
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Milkereit, Bernd, E. K. Berrer, Alan R. King, et al. "Development of 3-D seismic exploration technology for deep nickel‐copper deposits—A case history from the Sudbury basin, Canada." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 6 (2000): 1890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444873.
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Following extensive petrophysical studies and presite surveys, the Trill area of the Sudbury basin was selected for conducting the first 3-D seismic survey for mineral exploration in North America. The 3-D seismic experiment confirms that in a geological setting such as the Sudbury Igneous Complex, massive sulfide bodies cause a characteristic seismic scattering response. This provides an excellent basis for the direct detection of massive sulfides by seismic methods. The feasibility study suggests that high‐resolution seismic methods offer a large detection radius in the order of hundreds to thousands of meters, together with accurate depth estimates.
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Nechvoglod, O. V., S. V. Sergeeva, K. V. Pikulin, and E. N. Selivanov. "ELECTROLYSIS OF GRANULATED COPPER-NICKEL MATTE." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy, no. 5 (October 13, 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2018-5-16-22.
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The paper justifies the method of processing sulfide-metal melts including their granulation and subsequent electrolysis of granules. High-speed crystallization ensures ultrafine structure formation and stabilizes non-stoichiometric high-temperature phases leading to an increase in the reactivity of granules during subsequent hydrometallurgical processing. Copper powder was isolated at the cathode, and sulfur-sulfide slime (NiS–Сu9S5–Cu7S4–S) was isolated at the anode in a sulfuric acid solution during the electrolysis of granular copper-nickel matte (Cu : Ni = 1 : 1). The influence of current density and process duration on electrolysis parameters and the quality of copper powder isolated was estimated. Sulfur sulfide slime (containing more than 50 % sulfur) forms a passivation layer on granule surfaces, which prevents reagent feeding and reaction product removal from the interaction zone. Anodic current density of up to 100 A/m2 ensures metal conversion into a solution and copper powder (PMS-1 grade) formation at the cathode. Powder is represented by 1 to 100 μm particles of dendritic and fragmented shapes. High-quality copper powder isolation was achieved when saturating electrolyte with nickel to 28,0 g/dm3 . In this case, anode efficiency was 37 % with respect to sulfur, and cathode efficiency was 92,8 % for copper. The process is recommended for copper and nickel separation when processing sulfide-metal alloys. Copper content of in the solution during electrolysis ranged from 0,4 to 2,0 g/dm3.
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Panyushkina, Anna, Natalya Fomchenko, Vladislav Babenko, and Maxim Muravyov. "Effect of Temperature on Biobeneficiation of Bulk Copper-Nickel Concentrate with Thermoacidophilic Microbial Communities." Metals 11, no. 12 (2021): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11121969.
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Bioleaching of the bulk copper–nickel sulfide concentrate was proposed as a method to remove nickel from it and to obtain a concentrate containing copper as chalcopyrite. This approach is based on the different refractoriness of sulfide minerals in ferric sulfate solutions and oxidation by acidophilic microorganisms. The bulk concentrate contained 10.8% copper in the form of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and 7.2% nickel that occurred in pentlandite ((Ni,Fe)9S8) and violarite (FeNi2S4). Three microbial communities grown at 35, 40, and 50 °C were used for bioleaching. The microbial community at 40 °C was the most diverse in the genus and species composition. At all temperatures of the process, the key roles in bioleaching belonged to mixotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles. The highest levels of nickel leaching of 97.2 and 96.3% were observed in the case of communities growing at 40 and 50 °C, respectively. At the same time, the bioleach residue, which could be characterized as a marketable high-grade copper (chalcopyrite) concentrate, was obtained only at 40 °C. This solid contained 15.6% copper and 0.54% nickel. Thus, the biobeneficiation of bulk sulfide concentrates can be a promising field of biohydrometallurgy.
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Latyuk, E. S., A. A. Goryachev, and A. A. Kompanchenko. "Recovery of non-ferrous metals from sulfide ores by bioleaching on the example of the Allarechensk technogenic deposit." Vestnik MGTU 26, no. 2 (2023): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2023-26-2-150-159.
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The possibility of processing sulfide copper-nickel raw materials by heap bioleaching due to the environmental attractiveness of this approach is becoming an increasingly relevant topic for mining and processing. On the example of the Allarechensk technogenic deposit ore, the effectiveness of the bioleaching method for the copper and nickel recovery has been considered. The content of metals in the original ore sample: nickel – 2.42 % and copper – 0.75 %. The ore grinded to the size of –5+3 mm has been irrigated with a solution containing a strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans. The S : L ratio is 4 : 1, the flow rate is equal to 0.1 mL/min. In pregnant solutions, the pH and redox potential values have been controlled, and the concentrations of ferrous and ferric iron, copper, and nickel ions have also been measured. The experiment duration is 11 months, 8.9 % nickel and 6.1 % copper have been recovered. Copper has been extracted from pregnant solutions by cementation on iron, the maximum recovery is 97.3 %. Thus, it has been shown that the proposed scheme for the recovery of metals is promising for the processing of sulfide raw materials, in particular, low-grade ores and enrichment waste.
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Indeykin, I. A., R. V. Starykh, E. V. Salimzhanova, V. B. Fomichev, and L. V. Krupnov. "Effect of copper-nickel matte ingot cooling time on its floatation separation selectivity indicators." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy), no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2020-1-4-12.
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A criterion used to evaluate the efficiency of converter matte foam separation into nickel and copper concentrates is a selectivity index based on the total recoveries of metals into target concentrates that in turn defines their cumulative impurities (secondary metals) content. In addition to various factors (meeting density and reagent flow charts, comminution parameters, etc.), the time of preceding cooling of ingots is also known to have a substantial effect on the process of converter matte separation at commercial scale. Laboratory studies on selective separation were made to evaluate the influence of converter matte crystallization conditions at constant comminution and floatation parameters. Commercial converter matte ingots produced at different cooling rates were ground and floated in the closed circuit under laboratory conditions according to the existing floatation flowsheet. The lab studies allowed to exclude the multifactor nature of the system and to examine the commercial converter separation process only from the viewpoint of converter matte melt cooling rate since the other factors were kept constant during the laboratory tests. The temperature field in the body of the converter matte ingot was measured during its cooling in the conditions of the current production – this is reflected in the chemical and phase composition of various ingot sections. The temperature of the ingot, due to its massiveness, varies considerably throughout the material volume. A small change in the ingot surface temperature can be accompanied by significant changes in the temperature in its body. The measurement results showed that the temperature gradient from the center to the periphery of the ingot exceeds400 °C. In this regard, reducing the time of converter matte cooling can lead to significant violations of the cooling mode in the central zones of the ingot. In accordance with the optical mineralogical analysis of samples, the longer was the ingot cooling time, the higher was its decrystallization implying the formation of coarse-particle structures of copper and nickel sulfides with sharp interface boundaries. The chemical analysis revealed that the highest possible selectivity index of converter matte copper and nickel separation with resulting copper and nickel sulfide concentrates, respectively, is reached after 72 h of cooling for converter matte ingots from the smelting shop of the Nadezhdinsky Metallurgical Plant.
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Yanishevskya, Elena, Nadezhda Fokina, Ekaterina Selivanova, Alena Kompanchenko, Dmitriy Makarov, and Andrey Goryachev. "Processing of Sulfide Copper-Nickel Ores from the Deposits in Murmansk Region by Heap Leaching." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080820.
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The feasibility of processing low-grade copper-nickel ores by heap bioleaching was investigated. It was found that an iron-oxidizing strain of acidophilic microorganisms, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, is effective in the leaching of sulfide ores from the deposits in Russia’s Murmansk region. Sulfide mineralization of the studied mineral feeds was described using the methods of X-ray phase analysis and optical microscopy. In the process of leaching, the pH and Eh values and the concentrations of ferric and ferrous iron, nickel, and copper ions were monitored. By the end of the experiment, 16.5% of nickel and 7.5% of copper was recovered from the ore of the Allarechensk technogenic deposit, while 22.5% of nickel and 12.7% copper were recovered from the ore of the Nud II deposit. By silicate analysis of the solid phase, patterns of ore chemistry change were described during the process of bioleaching.
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Madani, Maria. "TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIES TO REDUCE POLLUTANTS INGRESS INTO SURFACE WATERS." Technogenic and Ecological Safety, no. 16(2/2024) (November 28, 2024): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.52363/2522-1892.2024.2.3.
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Technological schemes of processing textile materials with special chemicals are considered. A method of reducing the concentration of heavy metal ions in waste water of textile manufacturing enterprises based on the combination of effluents from different technological lines is proposed. To reduce the degree of oxidation of chromium (Cr6+ to Cr3+), as well as to transfer salts of copper, cobalt, nickel and other metals from a liquid to a solid state, it is recommended to mix such wastewater with effluents containing sodium or potassium sulfide. The method can be used at enterprises of the chemical, printing, and paint industries. To reduce the content of sulfides of various metals in wastewater and obtain colloidal sulfur, a method of oxidation of such salts by ozonation using a special ozonator is proposed. Ozonation also makes it possible to reduce the content of organic substances in the total volume of effluents to standardized indicators.
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Bragin, V. I., E. A. Burdakova, N. F. Usmanova, and A. I. Kinyakin. "Comprehensive assessment of flotation reagents by their influence on metal losses and flotation selectivity." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 27, no. 5 (2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2021-5-4-12.
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The paper proposes a method for quick estimation of the average floatability of minerals according to the kinetic experiment, without finding the flotation spectrum where first moments of distribution are calculated by the coefficients of the polynomial approximation of the kinetic curve in the logarithmic form. An example of copper-nickel ore demonstrated that this method is effective in the multiparameter problem of comparative assessment of reagents. The ten parameters assessed included the average floatability of target minerals (chalcopyrite and pentlandite), pyrrhotite and rock; flotation selectivity coefficients of target minerals relative to pyrrhotite and rock; levels of copper and nickel losses with bulk flotation tailings. Interdependencies of parameters were visualized using diagrams showing the effect of flotation reagents on the groups of parameters: average floatability, selectivity coefficients, metal losses and selectivity relative to rock. The influence of butyl xanthate, aerofloat, diesel fuel, as well as gangue depressants – carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and acidified water glass (with a total consumption of collectors, diesel fuel, acidified water glass and CMC of 130 g/t, 5–10 g/t, 200 g/t, and 500 g/t, respectively) on the estimated parameters under collective flotation conditions was determined. It was found that the addition of aerofloat and diesel fuel to the main reagent collector – xanthate – increases the flotation selectivity of pentlandite and chalcopyrite relative to pyrrhotite and rock-forming component. The introduction of acidified water glass into the reagent scheme increases the flotation selectivity of nickel and copper sulfides relative to the rock. CMC additives impair the selectivity of copper flotation. The quantitative effects of each individual parameter were taken into account in the integral rating assessment of the prospects of using reagent combinations for copper-nickel ore by a set of ten parameters. The method proposed can be further used for the mass comparative evaluation of flotation reagents.
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Irham, M. A., F. Muttaqien, S. Z. Bisri, and F. Iskandar. "Effect of Nickel on the Hydroxide Ion Adsorption of Copper Sulfide: A viewpoint from a first-principle calculation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2421, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2421/1/012011.
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Abstract Supercapacitor gains so much interest in recent years due to its capabilities to provide high power densities with high energy density possibilities. Several transition metal sulfides (TMS) give the best capacitance results nowadays, with Copper Sulfides (CuS) promising candidates on supercapacitor electrodes materials. Several approaches have been made to increase TMS-based supercapacitor performance, such as doping, surface functionalization, and nanostructuring. Even though several dopants already reported, other dopants have not yet explored. In this study, we study the nickel effect as dopant on the binding energy of electrolyte in the surface of CuS from first-principles viewpoints. In this study, we limit our investigation of surface interaction with electrolyte only for OH− ions. We prove that the binding energy of electrolyte is increased after introducing dopant in the surface of CuS, which could explain of dopant effect and background proof of future research in this field.
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Stepanov, V. A., та V. Ye Kungurova. "Сульфидные медно-никелевые месторождения в срединных массивах Пиренейского полуострова и Камчатки". Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, № 2 (30 червня 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2021-2-17-30.
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A comparative description of two sulfide copper-nickel deposits confined to the middle massifs is given: Aguablanca (Iberian Massif, Spain) and Shanuch (Kamchatka Massif, Russia). It was shown that both deposits are spatially and genetically related to small intrusions and dikes of mostly basic composition. Ore bodies are funnel-shaped, lenticular, stock-shaped, and vein-like, and are spread to significant depths. Both deposits contain rich sulfide copper-nickel ores as well as relatively poor; the ore texture is predominantly breccia or massive, seldom disseminated. Ore mineral composition includes pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite with an insignificant admixture of minerals of the platinum group elements and gold. The ore bodies were topped with an "iron hat", which was the main sign of copper-nickel mineralization at depth.
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Горячев, А. А. "ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЦВЕТНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ ИЗ АЛЛЮВИАЛЬНЫХ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ПЕСКОВ МЕТОДОМ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ОБЖИГА С СУЛЬФАТОМ АММОНИЯ". Проблемы недропользования, № 1(44) (15 квітня 2025): 115–23. https://doi.org/10.25635/2313-1586.2025.01.115.
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Проведены исследования по обжигу медно-никелевых аллювиальных техногенных песков месторождения р. Наледная (Норильский район). Для проведения экспериментов из общей массы песков отделяли класс –100 мкм, содержания никеля и меди в классе составили 0,32 и 0,22 %, соответственно. В ходе работы был исследован вещественный состав исходных песков и экспериментальных образцов, а также подобран оптимальный режим их переработки методом низкотемпературного обжига с сульфатом аммония. Для этого образцы песков смешивали с сульфатом аммония, затем обожженную смесь выщелачивали в воде в течение 40 мин при постоянном перемешивании с интенсивностью 230 мин-1. Для песков характерно значительное количество сростков, содержащих множественные рудные включения. Свободных от сростков сульфидов около 1 %, пирротин в значительной степени окислен. Методом рентгенофазового анализа среди сульфидов, помимо пирротина, отмечено наличие халькопирита. Максимальное извлечение металлов было достигнуто при температуре 400 °С и массовом соотношении песков и сульфата аммония 1:3, извлечение никеля составило 73,2 %, меди – 71,6 %. Research has been conducted on the roasting of copper-nickel alluvial technogenic sands of the Nalednaya River deposit (Norilsk region). For the experiments, the –100 µm class was separated from the sand, the nickel and copper contents in the class were 0.32 and 0.22 %, respectively. During the work, the material composition of the original sands and experimental samples was studied, as well as the optimal mode of their processing by the method of low-temperature roasting with ammonium sulfate was selected. Sand samples were mixed with ammonium sulfate, and then the roasted mixture was leached in water for 40 min with constant stirring at an intensity of 230 min-1. The sands are characterized by a significant number of intergrowths containing multiple ore inclusions. Free from sulfide intergrowths, about 1 %; pyrrhotite is largely oxidized. Using the X-ray phase analysis method, among the sulfides, in addition to pyrrhotite, the presence of chalcopyrite was noted. The maximum recovery of metals was achieved at a roasting temperature of 400 °C and a mass ratio of sand and ammonium sulfate of 1:3; the nickel recovery was 73.2 %, copper – 71.6 %.
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Panyushkina, A. E., N. V. Fomchenko, and M. I. Muravyov. "Comparison of Bio- and Ferric Leaching for Beneficiation of Bulk Copper-Nickel Sulfidic Concentrate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1046, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1046/1/012005.
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Abstract Processing of sulfidic raw materials, including bulk concentrates of nonferrous metals, is a problem of current importance in metallurgy and waste recycling. In this study, leaching with a chemical ferric iron reagent was compared to two bio-approaches to process a bulk copper-nickel concentrate: (1) ferric leaching with a solution obtained by microbial oxidation and (2) stirred-tank bioleaching using an active acidophilic microbial community. The results of both the chemical and bio-processes indicated nickel dissolution, while copper was accumulated in leach residues. After short-term high-temperature leaching with the chemical or bio- solution (Fe3+, 10 g/L), the nickel content in solids decreased by 0.7 and 2.6%, respectively, while the copper content slightly increased (by 1.5–3.2%). Bioleaching at 40°C was characterized by a considerably higher efficacy of the process: nickel leaching reached 86.7%, and the copper content increased by ~5% in the bioleach residue. Based on these results, ferric leaching can be considered an inefficient method for selective nickel removal, while bioleaching may be a promising cost-effective approach characterized by relatively low environmental hazards to obtain a high-grade copper product. Moreover, ferric leaching with the bio-solution can improve the grade of monometallic sulfidic concentrates due to additional selective nickel extraction.
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Bol’shikh, A. O., O. I. Tsybin, V. G. Leont’ev, M. A. Bol’shikh, and O. G. Kuznetsova. "Behavior of Nickel and Copper Sulfides and Their Mixtures in Sulfuric Acid Solutions." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2020, no. 5 (2020): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029520050043.
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Choi, Yong. "Preparation of Electroformed Copper-Nickel Multi-Nano-Layers and Characterization of Their Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 9 (2020): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.9.639.
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Thin copper-nickel foil with multi-nano layers was prepared by pulse-electroforming to develop a high performance electromagnetic shielding material for electronic devices. The pulse electroforming conditions of the aqueous solution chemistry were selected based on the aqueous copper-nickel-sulfur phase diagram and an evaluation of the deposition rate using the finite element method based on the current distribution in front of a cathodic electrode. The thermodynamic stability diagram revealed that the coppernickel multi-nano layers could be formed at pH<4 and ΔE>1.0 V in a modified sulfide bath. The electro-formed copper-nickel multi-layer was well produced at the pulse plating conditions of –0.2V<sub>SHE</sub>, –0.5 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and 25 seconds for copper layer and –1.7 V<sub>SHE</sub>, –50 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 80 seconds for nickel layer, which was composed of about 25 nm thick copper and about 30 nm thick nickel rich phases, respectively. The average deposition rate of the copper-nickel foil with multi-nano layers was estimated by the finite element method to be about 0.115 mm/sec, which was in good agreement with the real value of the thin multi-nano layered copper-nickel foil. The effectiveness of the electromagnetic shielding of the copper-nickel mesh with multi-nano layers was more than 30% higher than that of copper mesh in the frequency range of 8.2 and 12.5 GHz.
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Bazarova, Ekaterina A., and Yuliya S. Kameneva. "The performance evaluation of dicarboxylic acid monoamides as collectors for copper-nickel ore flotation process." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1/2022 (2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2022.13.1.003.
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The paper considers review and study of dicarboxylic acid monoamides, which is the nitrogen-containing derivatives class for copper-nickel ore flotation process. The collective properties evaluation of the considered collectors about sulfide minerals is carried out by frothless flotation method and laboratory tests, and the performance of the reagents is compared with traditional collector for copper-nickel ores — xanthate. It has been shown that the trend of specific reagent action in relation to nickel is preserved, and the increase in the proportion of the reagent replacing xanthate grows in nickel recovery.
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Campo Rodriguez, Yuri Tatiana, Nigel J. Cook, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, et al. "Platinum Group Minerals Associated with Nickel-Bearing Sulfides from the Jatobá Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Deposit, Carajás Domain, Brazil." Minerals 14, no. 8 (2024): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14080757.
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An enrichment in nickel (Ni) or platinum group elements (PGE) is seldom observed in ores of the iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) type. This phenomenon is, however, known from a few deposits and prospects in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil. The Ni-PGE enrichment is explained, in part, by the spatial association of the IOCG-type ores with altered mafic-ultramafic lithologies, as well as by reworking and remobilization of pre-existing Ni and PGE during multiple mineralization and tectonothermal events across the Archean-Proterozoic. One such example of this mineralization is the Jatobá deposit in the southern copper belt of the Carajás Domain. This is the first detailed study of the Ni and PGE mineralization at Jatobá, with implications for understanding ore genesis. Petrographic and compositional study of sulfides shows that pyrite is the main Ni carrier, followed by pyrrhotite and exsolved pentlandite. Measurable concentrations of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt), albeit never more than a few ppm, are noted in pyrite. More importantly, however, the trace mineral signature of the Jatobá deposit features several platinum group minerals (PGM), including merenskyite, naldrettite, sudburyite, kotulskite, sperrylite, and borovskite. These PGM occur as sub-10 µm-sized grains that are largely restricted to fractures and grain boundaries in pyrite. All Pd minerals reported contain mobile elements such as Te, Bi, and Sb and are associated with rare earth- and U-minerals. This conspicuous mineralogy, differences in sulfide chemistry between the magnetite-hosted ore and stringer mineralization without magnetite, and microstructural control point to a genetic model for the sulfide mineralization at Jatobá and its relative enrichment in Ni and PGE. Observations support two alternative scenarios for ore genesis. In the first, an initial precipitation of disseminated or semi-massive Ni-PGE-bearing sulfides took place within the mafic rock pile, possibly in a VHMS-like setting. Later partial dissolution and remobilization of this pre-existing mineralization by mineralizing fluids of IOCG-type, possibly during the retrograde stage of a syn-deformational metamorphic event, led to their re-concentration within magnetite along structural conduits. The superposition of IOCG-style mineralization onto a pre-existing assemblage resulted in the observed replacement and overprinting in which PGE combined with components of the IOCG fluids like Sb, Bi, and Te. An alternative model involves leaching, by the IOCG-type fluids, of Ni and PGE from komatiites within the sequence or from ultramafic rocks in the basement. The discovery of PGM in Jatobá emphasizes the potential for additional discoveries of Ni-PGE-enriched ores elsewhere in the Carajás Domain and in analogous settings elsewhere.
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Kumar, Haresh, Kirsi Luolavirta, Saad Ullah Akram, Hassan Mehmood, and Saija Luukkanen. "The Effect of Hydrodynamic Conditions on the Selective Flotation of Fully Liberated Low Grade Copper-Nickel Ore." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030328.
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Low grade sulfide ores are difficult to process due to their composite mineralogy and their fine grained dissemination with gangue minerals. Therefore, fine grinding of such ores becomes essential to liberate valuable minerals. In this research, selective flotation was carried out using two pitched blade turbine impellers with diameters of 6 cm and 7 cm to float copper and nickel. The main focus of this research was to generate optimum hydrodynamic conditions that can effectively separate nickel and copper from gangue minerals. In addition, we investigated the effects of superficial gas velocity, impeller speed, bubble size distribution, and bubble surface area flux on the flotation recovery and rate constant. The results demonstrated that a 7 cm impeller comparatively produced optimum hydrodynamic conditions that improved Cu-Ni recovery and the rate constant. The maximum copper and nickel recoveries in the 7 cm impeller tests were observed at 93.1% and 72.5%, respectively. However, a significant decrease in the flotation rate of nickel was observed, due to entrainment of nickel in copper concentrate and the slime coating of gangue minerals on the nickel particle surfaces.
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Chen, Bo Wei, Liu Lu Cai, Biao Wu, Xue Liu, and Jian Kang Wen. "Investigation of Bioleaching of a Low Grade Nickel-Cobalt-Copper Sulfide Ore with High Magnesium as Olivine and Serpentine from Lao." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.396.
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Shake flask bioleaching of a low-grade nickel-cobalt-copper sulfide ore from Lao was investigated to test the technical feasibility to recovery metals from this ore. The mineralogical results indicated that the valuable minerals were disseminated finely and the ore had a low content of sulfur and high content of iron and magnesium, which was very harmful for bioleaching. The effects of different parameters such as the amount of acid addition, inoculation volume, initial pH, temperature and leaching time on the bioleaching performance of the ore were evaluated after pre-leaching with dilute acid. The results showed that nickel, cobalt, copper leaching rates reached 81.61%, 80.75%, 70.97% at 33 °C and 83.40%, 82.13%, 70.34% at 45 °C. The mineralogical analysis of the leaching residues revealed that the leaching rate of nickel sulfide was more than 92% and the unleached nickel was mainly present as nickel silicate.
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Murzin, V. V., К. N. Malitch, I. Yu Badanina, D. A. Varlamov, and I. S. Chashchukhin. "Mineral assemblages from chromitites of the Alapaevsk dunite-harzburgite massif (Middle Urals)." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 23, no. 5 (2023): 740–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2023-23-5-740-765.
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Research subject. Minerals and mineral assemblages of noble elements in chromitites of the Alapaevsk massif. Aim. A systematic mineralogical study of high-chromium (Cr) and alumina-rich (Al) chromitites with the development of a sequence scheme for mineral formation, including platinum-group minerals (PGMs) and gold alloys. Materials and Methods. Samples of high-Cr and Al chromitites from chromite deposits in various parts of the Alapaevsk massif. Scanning electron microscopy (Tescan VEGAII XMU and JSM-6390LV Jeol with EDX INCA Energy 450 X-Max 80 spectrometers) and electron microprobe analysis (Cameca SX 100 with five wave spectrometers) were used. Results. A diagram showing the sequence of mineral formation in chromitites was designed; primary and secondary mineral assemblages were distinguished, with the latter assemblage being divided into early and late mineral associations. Primary assemblages of high-Cr (Cr2O3 > 50 wt %) and Al (Cr2O3 < 50 wt %) ores are represented by similar minerals, including chromespinel, clinopyroxene, and olivine, with characteristically distinct compositions of these minerals in each type of ores. Minerals of the primary assemblage are synchronous with chrome-spinel and are represented by pentlandite, Cu-bearing pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bornite, as well as PGMs (laurite RuS2, erlichmanite OsS2, native osmium) and Cu-rich gold. Minerals of the secondary early association occur in the form of polyphase inclusions within chrome-spinel. Polyphase inclusions are composed of Cr-bearing chlorite, amphibole, garnet, sulfides (millerite, heazlewoodite) and minerals of native elements, including (Ni, Cr)-bearing copper, nickel-bearing copper, (Cu, Fe, Cr)-bearing nickel, awaruite. Noble metal minerals from the secondary early association were found only in Al chromitites and are represented by laurite, Pt- and Pd arsenides and stibnides, Ru-bearing pentlandite, and high-grade native gold. The secondary late mineral association consists of native copper and awaruite, which are intergrown with serpentine in high-Cr ore. The temperature conditions for the formation of secondary assemblages were estimated using a chlorite geothermometer. The formation temperatures of the studied chlorites from chromitites fall within the range of 250–284°C. Conclusions. Noble metal minerals from secondary associations were formed at temperatures below 350°C together with garnet, amphibole, chlorite, and nickel sulfides. Grains of primary Os–Ir–Ru alloys during epigenetic processes underwent sulfurization with the formation of a fine-grained porous mixture of native and sulfide (sometimes with As) phases, and replacement by Ru-pentlandite. The presence of awaruite and native Cu and Ni in both primary and secondary assemblages of chromotites indicates the reducing conditions for the formation of noble metal minerals. The limited occurrence of high-Cr ores, along with the manifested processes of sulfurization for primary grains of Os–Ir–Ru alloys, led to the scarcity of detrital PGM in the area of the Alapaevsk massif.
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Sun, Wei, Xiong Li, Runqing Liu, Qilin Zhai, and Jie Li. "Recovery of Valuable Metals from Nickel Smelting Slag Based on Reduction and Sulfurization Modification." Minerals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11091022.
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Nickel smelting slag contains valuable metals including nickel and copper. Failure to recycle these metals wastes resources, and disposal of nickel slag in stockpiles results in environmental pollution. Nickel slag recycling is important, and metals can be recovered from slag by flotation. However, considering the complex forms in which valuable metals occur in nickel slag, high yields are difficult to achieve by direct flotation. In this study, nickel slag was modified by reduction and sulfurization to render it more amenable to metal recovery through flotation. The mechanism was assessed based on thermodynamics and elements’ phase distributions. Thermodynamic analyses indicated the feasibility of nickel slag modification by reduction–sulfurization smelting. The results of chemical phase analysis show that the forms in which valuable metals occur in nickel slag can be modified by reduction–sulfurization, and the proportion of metals existing in sulfide and free metal states in nickel slag can be increased. Compared with the direct flotation of raw slag, the recovery of nickel and copper from top-blowing slag increased by 23.03% and 14.63%, respectively. The recoveries of nickel and copper from settling slag increased by 49.68% and 43.65%, respectively.
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Li, Xian Hai, Qin Zhang, and Song Mao. "Study on Effect of Complexing Agent Addition on Flotation Index of Copper-Nickel Sulfide Ore." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3234.
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The gangue mineral surface inevitably enriches some copper ions, nickel ions and other metal ions when copper-nickel sulfide ore is ground and in the flotation process. These ions can activate the gangue minerals so as to influence the selective separation of valuable minerals and gangue minerals. This paper, based on the ore property, found that complexing agent LXA could make nickel grade increase to 7.88% from 6.32%, but the recovery rate reduced by 15.61%; complexing agent LXH1 could make nickel grade and recovery rate increase by 0.6% and 1.3% respectively by comparing the flotation effect in the presence of complexing agent EDTA, LXH1, sodium thiosulfate and LXA respectively.
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Distler, V. V., I. P. Ilupin, and I. P. Laputina. "SULFIDES OF DEEP-SEATED ORIGIN IN KIMBERLITES AND SOME ASPECTS OF COPPER-NICKEL MINERALIZATION." International Geology Review 29, no. 4 (1987): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206818709466163.
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