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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper hydroxychloride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kasisomayajula, Subramanyam, Niteen Jadhav, and Victoria Johnston Gelling. "In situ preparation and characterization of a conductive and magnetic nanocomposite of polypyrrole and copper hydroxychloride." RSC Advances 6, no. 2 (2016): 967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra20441k.

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2

Alfonso-Carrillo, Clara, Reza Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki, and Ana Isabel Garcia-Ruiz. "Comparison of Hydroxychloride Versus Oxide and Sulfate Sources of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper in Rearing Diets on Pullet Growth, Tibia Traits, and Egg Production and Eggshell Quality in ISA Brown Hens up to 50 Weeks." Animals 14, no. 24 (2024): 3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14243581.

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(1) Background: this study compared hydroxychloride and traditional oxide/sulfate sources of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in ISA Brown pullet diets, focusing on growth, tibia strength, egg production, and eggshell quality. (2) Methods: in total, 120 pullets were divided into two groups, each with six replicates of 10 birds, receiving diets with hydroxychloride or oxide/sulfate sources of Mn, Zn, and Cu (65, 50, and 5 mg/kg, respectively) during rearing. At 16 weeks, 18 pullets per group transitioned to individual cages and were fed a standard diet with Mn-oxide, Zn-oxide, and Cu-

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Espinosa, Charmaine, Robert Scott Fry, Matthew Kocher, and Hans H. Stein. "287 Effects of copper hydroxychloride on growth performance and abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism of growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.180.

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Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond CII, Micronutrients, LLC, Indianapolis, IN) improves growth performance by upregulating the mRNA transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism of pigs. Thirty-two pigs (15.05 ± 0.98 kg) were allotted to 2 dietary treatments with 2 pigs per pen for a total of 8 replicate pens per treatment. Pigs were fed a control diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles that included Cu to meet the requirement. A second diet was formulated by adding 150 mg Cu/kg from Cu hydr

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Espinosa, Charmaine D., Robert Scott Fry, Matthew Kocher, and Hans H. Stein. "125 Effects of copper hydroxychloride and increasing concentrations of dietary fat on growth performance, total tract endogenous loss of fat, and apparent total tract digestibility of fat by growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.125.

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Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond C, Micronutrients, LLC, Indianapolis, IN) improves gain:feed of pigs by increasing apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fat. In experiment 1, 144 pigs (15.40 ± 2.39 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments. Four diets contained 0, 2, 4, or 6% choice white grease (CWG) and 2 diets contained 150 mg/kg Cu from Cu hydroxychloride and 0 or 2% CWG. Data for growth performance were analyzed by contrast statements, and Cu equivalency of CWG was determined using prediction equations derived from re

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5

Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki, Reza, Clara Alfonso-Carrillo, and Ana Garcia-Ruiz. "Comparative Impact of Hydroxychloride and Organic Sources of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper in Rearing Diets on Pullet Growth, Tibia Traits, Egg Production, and Eggshell Quality in Lohmann Brown Birds up to 50 Weeks of Age." Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 6 (2024): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11060245.

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(1) Background: This study assessed the efficacy of hydroxychloride sources of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) compared with organic sources in the rearing diets of Lohmann brown pullets, focusing on pullet performance, tibia quality, egg production, and eggshell quality. (2) Methods: A total of 120 birds (six replications and 10 birds each) received diets with Mn, Zn, and Cu from organic or hydroxychloride sources during the rearing phase. After the onset of lay, birds were fed diets containing oxide/sulfate sources up to 50 weeks of age. (3) Results: no significant differences wer

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6

Espinosa, Charmaine, Robert Scott Fry, Matthew Kocher, and Hans H. Stein. "180 Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial protein concentration and digestibility of energy, crude protein, and fat by growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.148.

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Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride (IntelliBond CII, Micronutrients, LLC, Indianapolis, IN) improves nutrient digestibility and alters microbial protein concentration in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Twenty-four barrows (33.3 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0 or 45%) and 2 levels of supplemental Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (0 or 150 mg/kg). Pigs were allotted to a 2-period switch back design with 4 diets and 6

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7

Heldt, Jeff S., and Shane Davis. "348 Effects of supplemental copper, zinc, and manganese source on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.249.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if different sources and levels of supplemental copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) affect growth performance, health and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers. A large pen, commercial feedlot in OK utilized 1,707 crossbred steers (297 ± 5 kg) randomized across 8 pens/treatment. Supplemental trace mineral treatments consisted of: Control (CON) = CuSO4 plus Availa® Cu (10.6 ppm), ZnSO4 plus Availa Zn (37.8 ppm), and MnSO4 plus Availa Mn (25.5 ppm); Combination (COMBO) = basic Cu chloride (IntelliBond® C; 10 ppm), ZnSO4 plus

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8

Cordoba, Hilario M., Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, et al. "PSVI-10 Effect of sulfate or hydroxychloride forms of zinc, manganese, and copper on growth performance, weight variation, and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (2024): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.371.

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Abstract A total of 1,026 grow-finish pigs (337 × 1050, PIC; initially 26.0 ± 0.33 kg) were used in a 124-d trial to compare sulfate and hydrochloride forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and weight variation, of grow-finish pigs. Pigs were housed in mixed gender pens with 27 pigs per pen and 19 pens per treatment. The treatments were structured as a completely randomized design and consisted of a control diet containing 150, 16, and 110 mg/kg of Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively, from sulfate sources or provided by hydroxychloride sources. Experimental diets were

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9

de Leonel, Fernando P. Paula, Davi Brito De Araujo, Maria Eduarda L. Resende, et al. "17 Effects of trace mineral source on dry matter digestibility of silage and mineral absorption." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (2024): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.087.

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Abstract Copper, manganese, and zinc when coming from highly soluble sources in the rumen can strongly bind to diet fiber, which reduces it intestinal absorption and DM digestibility. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter and the apparent absorption of Cu, Mn, and Zn depending on different sources of these trace minerals. Four ruminally cannulated crossbred steers [body weight (BW = 560 ± 35 kg)] were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and offered corn silage ad libitum, and mineral supplement for four 21-d periods (14-d adaptation and 7-d data coll

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Espinosa, Charmaine D., R. Scott Fry, Matthew E. Kocher, and Hans H. Stein. "Effects of copper hydroxychloride and distillers dried grains with solubles on intestinal microbial concentration and apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 12 (2019): 4904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz340.

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Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Cu hydroxychloride improves nutrient digestibility and alters the concentration of microbial protein in the small intestine or large intestine by pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Twenty-four barrows (33.3 ± 3.4 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of DDGS (0% or 45%) and 2 levels of supplemental Cu from Cu hydroxychloride (0 or 150 mg/kg). A 2-period switch back design

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11

Martins, Simone M., Maitê V. Mendonça, Denis H. Nakasone, et al. "PSIII-19 Copper and zinc hydroxychloride co-supplementation reduce the diarrhea frequency of finishing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.647.

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Abstract The study aimed to investigate the effects of the co-supplementation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) hydroxychloride (CHC and ZHC) minerals on diarrhea frequency of growing and finishing pigs. A total of 256 pigs were distributed into 4 treatments with 8 replicate/treatment. The diets from 70 to 112 days of age (d) were T1: 100 mg/kg CuSO4 + 80 mg/kg ZnO; T2: 150 mg/kg CuSO4 + 80 mg/kg ZnO; T3: 100 mg/kg CHC + 80 mg/kg ZHC; T4: 150 mg/kg CHC + 80 mg/kg ZHC and from 112 to 154 d T1: 90 mg/kg CuSO4 + 70 mg/kg ZnO; T2: 150 mg/kg CuSO4 + 70 mg/kg ZnO; T3: 90 mg/kg CHC + 70 mg/kg ZHC; T4: 150

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12

Li, Shengxi, Mary T. Teague, Gary L. Doll, Eric J. Schindelholz, and Hongbo Cong. "Interfacial corrosion of copper in concentrated chloride solution and the formation of copper hydroxychloride." Corrosion Science 141 (August 2018): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.06.037.

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13

Martins, Renata Aparecida, Andrey Sávio de Almeida Assunção, José Cavalcante Souza Vieira, et al. "Proteomic Study of Broiler Plasma Supplemented with Different Levels of Copper and Manganese from Different Sources." Molecules 28, no. 24 (2023): 8155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248155.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differential expression of plasma proteins in broiler chickens supplemented with different sources (sulfates and hydroxychlorides) and levels of copper (15 and 150 mg kg−1) and manganese (80 and 120 mg kg−1). For this, plasma samples from 40 broiler chickens were used, divided into four experimental groups: S15-80 (15 ppm CuSO4 and 80 ppm MnSO4), S150-120 (150 ppm CuSO4 and 120 ppm MnSO4), H15-80 (15 ppm Cu(OH)Cl and 80 ppm Mn(OH)Cl), and H150-120 (150 ppm Cu(OH)Cl and 120 ppm Mn(OH)Cl). From plasma samples obtained from each bird from the same

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14

Blinov, A. V., А. А. Gvozdenko, A. B. Golik, et al. "Synthesising Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigating the Effect of Dispersion Medium Parameters on their Aggregate Stability." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 4 (103) (August 2022): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-4-95-109.

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We developed a technique for synthesising gelatin-stabilised copper oxide nanoparticles. The method behind the synthesis was direct deposition, while the copper oxide precursors used were copper sulphate, chloride and acetate. We employed gelatin as a stabiliser. We employed X-ray diffraction analysis to study the effect that the copper-containing precursor may have on the phase composition in the samples. We found that using copper(II) chloride yields two different modifications of copper(II) hydroxychloride (atacamite and clinoatacamite), while copper(II) sulphate yields brochantite. We esta

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15

Wright, Jeremy W., and Brian S. Mitchell. "Reactive cavitation erosion as a technique for production of functionalized copper hydroxychloride nanomaterials." Journal of Physics Communications 4, no. 5 (2020): 051002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ab8f3a.

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16

Pekov, I. V., V. O. Yapaskurt, S. N. Britvin, et al. "Romanorlovite, a New Copper and Potassium Hydroxychloride from the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia." Geology of Ore Deposits 59, no. 7 (2017): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s107570151707008x.

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17

Soto, Jose A., Henrique S. Cemin, Morgan Hart, Sharlie A. Hansen, and Ernie L. Hansen. "198 Evaluation of zinc source and concentration on growth performance of nursery swine." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (2024): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.110.

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Abstract Trace minerals (TM) supplementation in swine diets can negatively interact with other nutrients. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) mutually inhibit their intestinal absorption; thus, limiting their bioavailability. Recent peer-reviewed work has suggested that nursery pigs fed a diet supplemented with increased Zn experienced impaired Cu metabolism, negatively impacting growth performance. However, it has been demonstrated that mitigation of antagonisms might be possible with the use of organic TM supplemented at decreased concentrations. To validate these findings, a total of 2,629 pigs [init

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18

Boyer, Angela R., Heaven Roberts, Dennis Nuzback, and Miriam Garcia. "PSIV-B-21 Broilers as an animal model to assess different copper, manganese and zinc mineral sources on absorption." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (2021): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.717.

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Abstract The study objective was to evaluate absorption differences between different sources of Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and Zin (Zn) in broiler diets. Cobb500 chicks (n = 130, 0-d old) were housed in colony brooders and offered basal diet and water ad libitum for eight days. Following the transition phase, 96 straight-run chicks were randomly assigned to one of 48 battery cages (2 chicks/cage; 12 cages/treatment) and offered one of three soy-corn based diets for three weeks: Negative Control (NC; Basal diet at 6 mg/kg Cu, 35 mg/kg Mn, and 36 mg/kg Zn); Positive Control (PC; NC + 15 mg/kg

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19

Di Francia, Elisabetta, Ruth Lahoz, Delphine Neff, Emma Angelini, and Sabrina Grassini. "Laser cleaning of Cu-based artefacts: laser/corrosion products interaction." ACTA IMEKO 7, no. 3 (2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i3.610.

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<p class="Abstract">This study aims to develop a low invasive and selective laser cleaning procedure for the removal of reactive corrosion products on Cu-based artefacts without damage the substrate. In a preliminary step, laser cleaning was performed on two typologies of artificially corroded copper reference samples. The effect of the variation of laser parameters as pulse duration and output power, was thus evaluated on an oxide layer, simulating a protective patina, and a hydroxychloride layer, simulating a reactive corrosion products layer to be removed. The optimized cleaning proce

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20

Ross, Nancy, and Jing Zhao. "High-pressure structural and equation of state study of atacamite, a copper hydroxychloride mineral." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, a1 (2020): a115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767320098852.

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21

Rani, T. Villanueva, T. Badua Alona, J. Barroga Antonio, et al. "Performance and Egg Quality Responses of Laying Hens to High Copper Supplementation during the Early Production Phase." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 11, no. 5 (2025): 98–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15599722.

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<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>—</strong> As the poultry industry moves toward antibiotic-free production systems, identifying effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters has become a priority. Copper, an essential trace mineral, has gained attention for its antimicrobial properties and potential to enhance poultry performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high copper hydroxychloride supplementation on the performance and egg quality of laying hens during the early production phase. A total of 400 Hy-line laying hens at 16 weeks of age were randomly assigned to

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Pavlikov, A. Y., S. V. Saikova, A. S. Samoilo, D. V. Karpov, and S. A. Novikova. "Synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles by anion-exchange resin precipitation and production of their stable hydrosols." Журнал неорганической химии 69, no. 2 (2024): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24020121.

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Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles are promising materials for applications in catalysis, biomedicine and photovoltaics. It is also possible to use them for the preparation of nanocomposites and hybrid nanoparticles. This work presents a new method for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles, which allows their one-step preparation without washing and heating. The proposed anion-exchange deposition method is simple, fast and easily reproducible under normal laboratory conditions. It is shown that anion-exchange precipitation of copper in the presence of the polysaccharide dextran-40 from copper chlori

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Cemin, H. S., J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, et al. "225 Effects of Zinc Oxide, Zinc Hydroxychloride, and Tribasic Copper Chloride on Nursery Pig Performance." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_2 (2018): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.222.

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Boyer, Angela R., Yun Jiang, Alon Blakeney, Dennis Nuzback, Brooke Humphrey, and Miriam Garcia. "PSVII-16 Effects of different forms of Cu on in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility of a lactation diet." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (2021): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.800.

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Abstract Vistore® mineral products are hydroxychloride minerals that feature high metal content and improved bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare different sources of copper (Cu) on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Three ruminally-cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to a lactation diet for two weeks before being used as donors. Three sources of Cu at 4 ppm: No supplemental Cu (CON), CuSO4, Vistore Cu, and another Cy hydroxychloride product (Vistore-competitor). The concentration of Cu in this study was selected from a titration study (0 to 8 ppm CuSO4) to identify the

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Zhou, Yangen, Dongdong Zhang, Eric Peatman, Melanie A. Rhodes, Jun Liu, and D. Allen Davis. "Effects of various levels of dietary copper supplementation with copper sulfate and copper hydroxychloride on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei performance and microbial communities." Aquaculture 476 (July 2017): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.04.016.

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Bakhshalinejad, Reza, Stephanie Torrey, and Elijah Kiarie. "498 Feeding hydroxychloride or organic sources of zinc, copper, and manganese to broiler breeders on growth performance of offsprings when fed hydroxychloride or inorganic sources of the same minerals." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (2024): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.186.

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Abstract The study investigated the effect of feeding different sources of trace minerals (TM) such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in broiler breeders (BB) and their offspring on the growth performance of offspring. Ross 708 BB were housed in 24 pens (17 ♀ and 2 ♂) and allocated to two diets (12 replicate pen/diet): 1) HO, a blend of 80% hydroxychloride (HC) and 20% organic (OR) sources, and 2) OR, 100% OR sources (Table 1-4). Hatching eggs were collected from BB pens at 46, 54 and 62 wk of age, and incubated. Upon hatching, chicks were sexed, weighed, and placed in 24 sex-segre

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Nguyen, H. T. T., N. Morgan, J. R. Roberts, R. A. Swick, and M. Toghyani. "Copper hydroxychloride is more efficacious than copper sulfate in improving broiler chicken's growth performance, both at nutritional and growth-promoting levels." Poultry Science 99, no. 12 (2020): 6964–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.053.

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Fonseca da Costa, Gabriela, Marcella Yuri de Almeida Sawaguchi, and Vilson Gomes da Assunção Júnior. "REMOÇÃO DE CORANTES TÊXTEIS POR COAGULAÇÃO-FLOCULAÇÃO-SEDIMENTAÇÃO E ADSORÇÃO." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 12, no. 2 (2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2020.v12.n2.e320.

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Textile effluents when discharged into water bodies without proper treatment cause damage to the water quality of the receiving bodies, mainly due to the large amount of dyes used for dyeing tissues, being necessary to conduct research aiming to improve the treatment efficiency of these effluents. Thus, the objective of this work wasto assessthe removal of pigments Copper phthalocyanine,naphthol monoazole, diaxazine and diazotic, by testbench. For this, the synthetic effluent with pigment dispersion of Copper phthalocyanine was prepared, and the treatments used were coagulation-flocculation an

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Prosanov, Igor. "The Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol’s Complexes for Plants Protection Against Diseases and Pests." New Environmentally-Friendly Materials 3, no. 1 (2025): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.55121/nefm.v3i1.298.

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The research is devoted to elaboration of new materials for agricultural use what is regarded as an urgent need for environment pollution decrease and enhancing of farming efficiency. Gel of polyvinyl alcohol complexed with boric acid or borax is suggested first time as the base of “aroma fixative” for volatile compounds possessing by insect repelling effect. Some new principles are discussed in favor of replacement of common inorganic pesticides like copper compounds on their polymeric complexes. The main positions among them are: 1) formation of biocidal coverings relatively stable at differ

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Espinosa, C. D., R. S. Fry, M. E. Kocher, and H. H. Stein. "Effects of copper hydroxychloride and dietary fiber on intestinal permeability, growth performance, and blood characteristics of nursery pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 263 (May 2020): 114447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114447.

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Farmer, Chance G., Terry E. Engle, Jerry W. Spears, and Jeff S. Heldt. "25 Copper, manganese, and zinc source and concentration in free-choice mineral supplements influence production throughout three cow-calf production cycles." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (2024): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.091.

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Abstract The effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn source and concentration in free-choice mineral supplements on mineral status, reproduction, and performance of grazing beef cows and their offspring were evaluated over 3 production cycles. Treatments targeted: 1) 1X NASEM requirement for Cu, Zn, Mn from sulfate sources (1X SUL), 2) 1X NASEM requirement for Cu, Zn, Mn with hydroxychloride sources (1X HYD), and 3) 0.5X NASEM requirement for Cu, Zn, Mn with hydroxychloride sources (0.5X HYD). Crossbred (Angus and Angus x Hereford; n = 160) beef cows were stratified by expected calving date, body weight (BW

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Espinosa, C. D., S. R. Fry, J. L. Usry, and H. H. Stein. "246 Copper Hydroxychloride Improves Growth Performance and Reduces Diarrhea Frequency of Weanling Pigs Fed a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_2 (2018): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.243.

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Villagómez-Estrada, Sandra, José Francisco Pérez, Sandra van Kuijk, Diego Melo-Durán, Razzagh Karimirad, and David Solà-Oriol. "Dietary Preference of Newly Weaned Pigs and Nutrient Interactions According to Copper Levels and Sources with Different Solubility Characteristics." Animals 10, no. 7 (2020): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071133.

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Two feeding preference experiments and an in vitro assay were performed to assess the weaned pig preference for Cu doses and sources based on their sensorial perception and on the likely post-ingestive effects of Cu. At day 7 post-weaning, a total of 828 pigs were distributed into two different experiments. In Exp.1 (dose preference) a diet with a nutritional Cu level (15 mg/kg) of Cu sulfate (SF) was pair offered with higher Cu levels (150 mg/kg) of either SF or hydroxychloride (HCl). In Exp.2 (source preference), a diet supplemented with Cu-SF at 150 mg/kg was compared to a Cu-HCl (150 mg/kg

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Zhou, Y., M. A. Rhodes, J. Liu, and D. A. Davis. "Effects of various dietary levels of copper hydroxychloride on growth performance and tissue response in Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannameifed practical diets." Aquaculture Nutrition 23, no. 1 (2015): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12378.

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Avranovich Clerici, Ermanno, Steven de Meyer, Frederik Vanmeert, et al. "Multi-Scale X-ray Imaging of the Pigment Discoloration Processes Triggered by Chlorine Compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi." Molecules 28, no. 16 (2023): 6106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166106.

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In this paper, the chromatic alteration of various types of paints, present on mural painting fragments derived from the vaults of The Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi in Italy (12th–13th century), is studied using synchrotron radiation. Six painted mural fragments, several square centimeters in size, were available for analysis, originating from the ceiling paintings attributed to Cimabue and Giotto; they correspond to originally white, blue/green, and brown/yellow/orange areas showing discoloration. As well as collecting macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and diffraction maps from the e

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Cemin, Henrique S., Luke A. Swalla, Jamie L. Pietig, Sharlie A. Hansen, and Ernie L. Hansen. "PSIX-13 Effects of zinc and copper levels on growth performance of nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.318.

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Abstract A 20-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of added Zn and Cu on growth performance of nursery pigs. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure with main effects of added Zn (100 or 3,000 mg/kg of diet) and Cu (10 or 200 mg/kg of diet). Basal Zn and Cu levels (100 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) were from organic sources, while the added high levels (2,900 and 190 mg/kg, respectively) were from Zn oxide and Cu hydroxychloride. A total of 784 pigs (PIC 337 × Camborough), initially 6.0 kg, were used with 7 replicates per treatment. Experimental diets were

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Balakhvantsev, Archil S. "Excavation of the Western Suburban Complex of Bol’shoy K’irk-K’iz in 2022." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025171-5.

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During the 2022 excavation season at the Western Suburban Complex (WSC), work on Room III (Blue Hall) has been continued. Two fragments of pottery discovered there date back to the ancient Chorasmian period. At the -210 and -212 cm levels from the benchmark, a flooring consisting of mud brick pavement was discovered (41–42 × 41–42 cm). The most numerous finds in the 2022 season were fragments of painting, made with glue paint on loess plaster, covered with white loose soil – gypsum in the form of dihydrate. The polarizing microscopy of the composition of paint samples showed that the blue pigm

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Caramalac, L. S., A. Saran Netto, P. G. M. A. Martins, et al. "Effects of hydroxychloride sources of copper, zinc, and manganese on measures of supplement intake, mineral status, and pre- and postweaning performance of beef calves1." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 4 (2017): 1739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.0934.

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Caramalac, L. S., A. Saran Netto, P. G. M. A. Martins, et al. "Effects of hydroxychloride sources of copper, zinc, and manganese on measures of supplement intake, mineral status, and pre- and postweaning performance of beef calves." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 4 (2017): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2016.0934.

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Hammers, Kelsey L., Pedro E. Urriola, Mark Schwartz, Moon-Suhn Ryu, Andres Gomez, and Lee J. Johnston. "113 Effect of Birth Weight on Tissue Copper, Iron, and Zinc Concentrations in Piglets." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_2 (2023): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.080.

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Abstract Pigs (n = 3,990) were used in a previous study to determine if supplemental zinc fed to sows at various timepoints during gestation would reduce pre-weaning mortality. Additionally, data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of birth weight on tissue concentrations and distribution of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in piglets. Mixed parity sows were fed 1 of 3 diets: a control corn-soybean meal diet containing 125 ppm supplemental Zn supplied by zinc hydroxychloride, a diet consisting of the control + 141 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (266 ppm total supplemental Zn) fed from 5 da

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Crichton, Wilson A., and Harald Müller. "Centennialite, CaCu3(OH)6Cl2.nH2O, n ≈ 0.7, a new kapellasite-like species, and a reassessment of calumetite." Mineralogical Magazine 81, no. 5 (2017): 1105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.157.

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AbstractThe new mineral centennialite (IMA 2013-110), CaCu3(OH)6Cl2·nH2O, was identified from three cotype specimens originating from the Centennial Mine, Houghton County, Michigan, USA, where it occurs as a secondary product, after acid water action upon supergene Cu mineralization in association with, and essentially indivisible from, other copper-containing minerals such as calumetite and atacamite family minerals. It forms as pale to azure blue encrustations, often taking a botryoidal form. Centennialite is trigonal, , a = 6.6606(9) Å, c = 5.8004(8) Å, V= 222.85(6) Å3, Z= 1. The strongest

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Espinosa, C. D., R. S. Fry, J. L. Usry, and H. H. Stein. "Copper hydroxychloride improves gain to feed ratio in pigs, but this is not due to improved true total tract digestibility of acid hydrolyzed ether extract." Animal Feed Science and Technology 274 (April 2021): 114839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114839.

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Bakhshalinejad, Reza, Stephanie Torrey, and Elijah Kiarie. "PSV-3 Lifetime plasma concentration of select trace minerals in broiler chickens hatched from broiler breeders fed hydroxychloride or organic sources of zinc, copper, and manganese." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (2024): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.583.

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Abstract The objective was to investigate the effects of feeding broiler breeders (BB) hydroxychloride (HC) or organic (OR) sources of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) from 42 to 63 wk of age (woa) on plasma concentration of trace minerals (TM) in offspring at hatch through to 42 d of life (Table 1 to 4). A total of 408 ♀ Ross 708 and 48 ♂ Yield Plus cockerels were placed in pens (17 ♀ and 2 ♂) and allocated to one of two diets: 1) HO, a blend of 80% HC and 20% OR sources, and 2) OR, 100% OR sources. In total, 2,160 eggs (90 eggs from each pen replicate) were collected and labelled b

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Espinosa, C. D., R. S. Fry, J. L. Usry, and H. H. Stein. "Effects of copper hydroxychloride and choice white grease on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs kept at normal ambient temperature or under heat stress." Animal Feed Science and Technology 256 (September 2019): 114257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114257.

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Selvaraj, Ramesh K. "387 Effect of trace minerals (25-hydroxycholecalciferol, Zinc and Manganese) supplementation on the immune responses of livestock." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.310.

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Abstract Micronutrients such as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, zinc and manganese are included in livestock feed to achieve optimal growth and improved immune function. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) modulates immune responses. The effect of Vitamin D on immune cells depends on the subtype of immune cells. Monocytes and macrophages constitutively express Vitamin D receptor and hence 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increases maturation and the microbicidal activity of macrophages by increasing the production of nitric oxide, antimicrobial proteins and inflammatory cytokines and eventually acts to stimu

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Bakhshalinejad, Reza, Stephanie Torrey, and Elijah G. Kiarie. "Corrigendum to “Comparative efficacy of hydroxychloride and organic sources of zinc, copper, and manganese on hatching eggs, embryo and hatchlings attributes” [Poultry Science, 104(2), February 2025, 104728]." Poultry Science 104, no. 9 (2025): 105413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105413.

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Bakhshalinejad, Reza, Stephanie Torrey, and Elijah Kiarie. "PSVIII-18 Chemical composition of residual yolk in response to feeding broiler breeders hydroxychloride or organic sources of zinc, copper, and manganese from 42 to 63 wk of age." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_3 (2024): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.671.

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Abstract The objective was to investigate the effects of feeding broiler breeders (BB) hydroxychloride (HC) or organic (OR) sources of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) from 42 to 63 wk of age (woa) on chemical composition of residual yolk (RY). A total of 408 ♀ Ross 708 and 48 ♂ Yield Plus cockerels were placed in pens (17 ♀ and 2 ♂) housed in two rooms (12 pens/room) and allocated to one of two diets in a completely randomized block design (n = 12). The diets had similar nutrient specifications but differed in Zn, Cu, and Mn sources: 1) HO, a blend of 80% HC and 20% OR sources, and

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Espinosa, C. D., R. S. Fry, J. L. Usry, and H. H. Stein. "Copper hydroxychloride improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea frequency of weanling pigs fed a corn–soybean meal diet but does not change apparent total tract digestibility of energy and acid hydrolyzed ether extract." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 12 (2017): 5447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2017.1702.

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Hammers, Kelsey L., Pedro E. Urriola, Mark Schwartz, Moon-Suhn Ryu, Lee J. Johnston, and Andres Gomez. "105 Awardee Talk: Timing of Dietary Zinc Supplementation During Gestation did not Affect Trace Element Concentrations in Sows and Their Piglets." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_2 (2023): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.081.

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Abstract Gestating sows (n = 267) were used to determine if timing of high dietary zinc supplementation in a commercial setting would reduce pre-weaning mortality of pigs and influence maternal and piglet copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations. Sows from three consecutive weekly farrowing groups were assigned randomly within parity to one of three dietary treatments consisting of: 1) Control: a corn-soybean meal diet containing 125 ppm supplemental Zn supplied by zinc hydroxychloride; 2) Breed-to-Farrow (B-to-F): as Control + 141 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (266 ppm total supple

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Alejandre, Francisco Javier, and Gonzalo Márquez. "Copper-zinc hydroxychlorides: origin and occurrence as paint pigments in Arcos de la Frontera's Chapel of Mercy (Spain)." European Journal of Mineralogy 18, no. 3 (2006): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0403.

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