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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper i chlorides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Pandiri, Hanumanprasad, Rajesh G. Gonnade, and Benudhar Punji. "Synthesis of quinolinyl-based pincer copper(ii) complexes: an efficient catalyst system for Kumada coupling of alkyl chlorides and bromides with alkyl Grignard reagents." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 46 (2018): 16747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03210f.

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Well-defined quinolinamide-based pincer copper complexes have been developed and demonstrated in the Kumada coupling reaction of nonactivated alkyl chlorides and bromides with alkyl magnesium chloride.

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2

Hibi, Atsushi, Akio Susa, and Mitsuo Koshi. "Desorption process of copper chlorides from copper surface." Thin Solid Films 516, no. 5 (January 2008): 856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.197.

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3

Kuehn, Laura, Mingming Huang, Udo Radius, and Todd B. Marder. "Copper-catalysed borylation of aryl chlorides." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 27 (2019): 6601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob01244c.

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The first example of a Cu-catalysed borylation of a wide range of aryl chlorides with different electronic and steric properties is mediated by a readily prepared NHC-stabilised Cu catalyst and KO^tBu. The aryl chlorides are converted into their corresponding arylboronic esters using B₂pin₂ or B₂neop₂ as the boron reagent.

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4

Bussey, Katherine A., Annie R. Cavalier, Jennifer R. Connell, Margaret E. Mraz, Kayode D. Oshin, Tomislav Pintauer, and Allen G. Oliver. "Structural studies of (prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine hetero-scorpionate copper complexes." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 7 (June 13, 2015): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615010335.

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The structures of five compounds consisting of (prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine complexed with copper in both the CuIand CuIIoxidation states are presented, namely chlorido{(prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine-κ3N,N′,N′′}copper(I) 0.18-hydrate, [CuCl(C15H17N3)]·0.18H2O, (1),catena-poly[[copper(I)-μ2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine-κ5N,N′,N′′:C2,C3] perchlorate acetonitrile monosolvate], {[Cu(C15H17N3)]ClO4·CH3CN}n, (2), dichlorido{(prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine-κ3N,N′,N′′}copper(II) dichloromethane monosolvate, [CuCl2(C15H17N3)]·CH2Cl2, (3), chlorido{(prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine-κ3N,N′,N′′}copper(II) perchlorate, [CuCl(C15H17N3)]ClO4, (4), and di-μ-chlorido-bis({(prop-2-en-1-yl)bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amine-κ3N,N′,N′′}copper(II)) bis(tetraphenylborate), [Cu2Cl2(C15H17N3)2][(C6H5)4B]2, (5). Systematic variation of the anion from a coordinating chloride to a noncoordinating perchlorate for two CuIcomplexes results in either a discrete molecular species, as in (1), or a one-dimensional chain structure, as in (2). In complex (1), there are two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Complex (2) consists of the CuIatom coordinated by the amine and pyridyl N atoms of one ligand and by the vinyl moiety of another unit related by the crystallographic screw axis, yielding a one-dimensional chain parallel to the crystallographicbaxis. Three complexes with CuIIshow that varying the anion composition from two chlorides, to a chloride and a perchlorate to a chloride and a tetraphenylborate results in discrete molecular species, as in (3) and (4), or a bridged bis-μ-chlorido complex, as in (5). Complex (3) shows two strongly bound Cl atoms, while complex (4) has one strongly bound Cl atom and a weaker coordination by one perchlorate O atom. The large noncoordinating tetraphenylborate anion in complex (5) results in the core-bridged Cu2Cl2moiety.

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5

Wu, Tian, Qing Huang, Wei Li, Gongxuan Chen, Xiaoling Ma, and Guoping Zeng. "Electroreduction of Copper Dichloride Powder to Copper Nanoparticles in an Ionic Liquid." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/751424.

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There were a large number of ionic liquids electrodeposition reported in the literature; but were still in the laboratory stage some problems in the practical application of electrodeposition remain such as easily reacted with moisture in the air (AlCl3ionic liquid), high cost, and corrosive (dialkylimidazolium cation andBF4−,PF6−ionic liquid). In addition to the above shortcomings, low solubility of many metal salts in ionic liquids limits the practical application. In order to solve the problem of low solubility, [Bmim]Cl could be added [Bmim]PF6, which could significantly increase the solubility of metal chlorides; this method could be commonly used in preparing metal electrochemical reduction of metal chlorides. Our study showed that adding cationic groups in hydroxyl ionic liquid could cause the good solubility of transition metal chlorides, such as CuCl2. Complexation of hydroxyl functional group and transition metal ions increased solubility, resulting in a larger deposition current density and surface electrochemical reduction of copper nanoparticles deposited on the metal Ni. The electroreduction mechanism and behavior of CuCl2in hydroxyl ionic liquid and the Cu nanoparticle formation mechanism were investigated based on a comparison between similar experiments in the ionic liquid.

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6

Yavari, Issa, and Omid Khaledian. "Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Dehydrocyanation and [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Phenacylmalononitriles: Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized 4-Benzoyl-5-cyanopyrazoles under Mild Conditions." Synthesis 52, no. 09 (February 6, 2020): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691591.

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A novel copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with concomitant in situ generation of benzoylacrylonitriles and nitrile imines from phenacylmalononitriles and hydrazonoyl chlorides, respectively, is reported. The reaction was performed using copper(I) chloride as catalyst and N-methylimidazole as a clean complexing agent/weak base to afford the functionalized 4-benzoyl-5-cyanopyrazoles in moderate to good yields and excellent regioselectivity under ambient conditions. This method provides rapid access to a wide range of highly functionalized 4-benzoyl-5-cyanopyrazoles.

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7

Ryazanov, A. G., A. V. Senin, and D. M. Galimov. "Purification of Zinc Oxide from Chlorides Using Microwave Radiation." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.172.

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Waelz oxide is a secondary zinc raw material and a product of Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) dust, copper smelters dust and zinc production residues. The use of Waelz oxide in the traditional RLE (Roasting-Leaching-Electrowinning) zinc production scheme requires the removal of halogens (fluorides and chlorides). Waelz oxide is mainly composed of zinc oxide, also contains zinc chloride. Zinc chloride is removed into the gas phase at heating. Microwave heating is one of the promising methods. Test experiments of microwave heating of a ZnO-ZnCl2 mixture were carried out. It was shown that zinc chloride absorbs microwave radiation; zinc oxide does not absorb microwave radiation. The degree of zinc chloride removal from ZnO-ZnCl2 mixture was 100%.

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8

Yu, Xiaoli, Qiujin Wu, Huida Wan, Zhaojun Xu, Xingle Xu, and Dawei Wang. "Copper and triphenylphosphine-promoted sulfenylation of quinones with arylsulfonyl chlorides." RSC Advances 6, no. 67 (2016): 62298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11301j.

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The copper and triphenylphosphine-promoted sulfenylation of quinones with arylsulfonyl chlorides has been developed under mild conditions with moderate to good yields. This is the first time to prepare arylthioquinones with arylsulfonyl chlorides.

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9

Seel, F., and J. Schuh. "Über die Umsetzung von Kupfersulfat mit Carbonsäuren und Carbonsäurederivaten in wäßrigen Lösungen unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen/The Reaction of Copper Sulfate with Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives in Aqueous Solutions under Hydrothermal Conditions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0207.

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Abstract Under hydrothermal conditions aqueous solutions of copper(II) sulfate (1) are reduced by means of saturated fatty acids with hydrogen at the α-atom to yield crystalline copper. In all cases carbon dioxide is liberated and lower fatty acids and ketones can be identified as reaction products. α-Hydroxy and α-aminocarboxylic acids proved to be very effective reducing agents towards 1. The yield of copper varied from 2 to 2.5 mol Cu per 1 mol of amino acid. The reaction of 1 is suppressed by sulfuric acid. The presence of hydrochlorid acid or chlorides leads to the precipitation of copper(I) chloride. The mechanisms of the decomposition of the various types of carboxylic acids is discussed. It was also possible to precipitate metallic copper by means of various proteins.

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10

Miyake, Yoshihiro, Shin-ichi Ota, Masashi Shibata, Kazunari Nakajima, and Yoshiaki Nishibayashi. "Copper-catalyzed nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of benzylic chlorides." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 30 (2014): 5594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00957f.

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The reactions of primary and secondary benzylic chlorides with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(i) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) have been found to give the corresponding benzylic trifluoromethylated products in good to high yields.

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11

Watanabe, Masamitsu, Morihiko Matsumoto, Nobuo Kuwaki, and Jun’ichi Sakai. "Formation of Basic Copper Sulfates and Chlorides during Atmospheric Copper Corrosion." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 58, no. 9 (2009): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.58.328.

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12

Sataev, Malik, Shayzada Koshkarbaeva, Perizat Abdurazova, Almagul Kadirbaeva, Kalamkas Amanbaeva, Ramshat Abzhalov, and Yerkebulan Raiymbekov. "Chemical Copper Plating of Cotton Fabrics by Photochemical Activation of the Surface." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.8.8283.

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Activation of the surface of cotton fabrics before chemical copper plating is proposed to be carried out by applying dispersed copper particles. For this purpose, physical and chemical processes that occur in thin layers of copper chloride solutions under the influence of electromagnetic solar rays of the visible spectrum are used. Initially, copper chlorides interact with cellulose, which is the main component of the tissue, and form copper monochloride. It is shown that this interaction is stimulated by solar rays. After that, the fabric is moistened with a solution of ascorbic acid and again exposed to sunlight. Under the action of photons of solar radiation, electrons in a semiconductor acquire additional energy and restore copper to the elemental state, and the vacancies formed are filled with electrons due to the oxidation of ascorbic acid. As a result of these processes, a film is formed on the surface of the tissue containing copper particles that can catalyze chemical copper plating.

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13

Lugovoy, Yury V., Kirill V. Chalov, Yury Yu Kosivtsov, Antonina A. Stepacheva, and Esther M. Sulman. "Effect of Metal Chlorides on the Pyrolysis of Wheat Straw." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (March 10, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7135235.

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In this paper, the results of the study on the influence of the addition of 10 wt.% of FeCl3, CoCl2, NiCl2, ZnCl2, SnCl2, and CuCl2 on the wheat straw pyrolysis process are presented. The studied chlorides were found to affect the pyrolysis process; however, the highest activity was observed while using CuCl2. The presence of the copper chloride led to the decrease in the temperature of the initial destruction of hemicellulose fraction of wheat straw by 64°С. Besides, the use of CuCl2 allowed increasing the yield of liquid and solid pyrolysis products as well as decreasing the molecular weight distribution of the volatiles. Moreover, the increase in the hydrogen and decrease in carbon dioxide concentration were also observed in the presence of copper chloride. The analysis of the solid residue obtained in the wheat straw pyrolysis in the presence of CuCl2 showed the increase in the specific surface area of the carbon residue from 24 up to 63.5 m2/g in comparison with that obtained for the noncatalytic process.

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14

Nitelet, Antoine, Vanessa Kairouz, Hélène Lebel, André Charette, and Gwilherm Evano. "Continuous Flow Chlorination of Alkenyl Iodides Promoted by Copper Tubing." Synthesis 51, no. 01 (November 30, 2018): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610398.

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A simple continuous flow synthesis of alkenyl chlorides from the corresponding readily available alkenyl iodides in copper reactor tubing is described. A variety of alkenyl chlorides were obtained in good to excellent yields with full retention of the double bond geometry. The reaction time was reduced by a factor of 24–48 compared to the batch process.

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15

Berdonosov, Peter S., Andrei V. Olenev, and Valery A. Dolgikh. "Strontium–copper selenite–chlorides: Synthesis and structural investigation." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 182, no. 9 (September 2009): 2368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.06.020.

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16

Liu, Lei, Mingran Si, Shengnan Han, Yan Zhang, and Jie Li. "Copper-catalyzed regioselective sulfonylcyanations of vinylarenes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 15 (2020): 2029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo00415d.

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A set of copper-catalyzed sulfonylcyanations of vinylarenes with readily accessible arylsulfonyl chlorides and trimethyl cyanide was achieved, providing a streamlined route to various decorated β-sulfonyl nitriles with good regioselectivity and functional group tolerance.

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17

Fujihara, Tetsuaki, Ken Yokota, Jun Terao, and Yasushi Tsuji. "Copper-catalyzed hydroallylation of allenes employing hydrosilanes and allyl chlorides." Chemical Communications 53, no. 56 (2017): 7898–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc02816d.

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18

Ding, Ran, Ya-Li Liu, Hui Hao, Chuan-Yi Chen, Lei Liu, Nian-Shou Chen, Yu Guo, and Pei-Long Wang. "Regioselective, copper(i)-catalyzed, tandem sulfonylation-cyclization of 1,5-dienes with sulfonyl chlorides." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 12 (2021): 3123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00460c.

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19

Chopin, Sheila F., and Varughese Mathew. "Controlling Extrinsic Chloride Ions Effect on Copper Wirebond Reliability." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 000095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000095.

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Abstract Copper (Cu) wirebond (WB) reliability in encapsulated microelectronic devices is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic chloride ions. Previous work showed that intrinsic extractable chloride (Cl) ions that are part of the epoxy mold compound (EMC) can cause Cu-Al intermetallic (IMC) or Al pad corrosion under moisture-temperature reliability conditions. Another mode of Cl corrosion occurs due to the entrapment of Cl foreign material (FM) particles that can release Cl ions after molding the device. Intrinsic EMC and extrinsic Cl ions in encapsulated EMC must be defined, analyzed, and controlled to limit the potential for corrosion. Extrinsic Cl ions from FM (Foreign Material) particles can originate from human sources, the environment, assembly processes, and assembly tools. This paper focuses on extrinsic Cl ions from Cl-FM. Cl-FM embedded in EMC can be determined by dissolving the EMC in a solvent followed by filtration. The isolated FM was characterized by various techniques including: Scanning Electron Microscopy - energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM – EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the structure of the Cl-FM compounds. The FTIR Analysis determines the presence of C-Cl bond by identifying stretching bond frequency in the region of 800 – 600 cm−1 that determines if the Cl-FM particle is organic. The combination of analytical techniques was used to identify the source of the Cl-FM. The types of Cl FM particles discovered were both organic and inorganic in nature, and of different shapes and sizes. The smaller size particles < 30μm posed a challenge for some particle type identification accuracies. Airborne particles are one of the main sources of Cl FM particles that can be entrapped in the EMC. Airborne particles are created by environmental dust, human wear, abrasion and handing, and machine maintenance. The primary Cl FM particles were found to be carbon-chlorine polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and inorganic chlorides including metal chlorides. Many of the EMC materials found to have entrapped natural and synthetic fibrous materials with embedded Cl compounds. The 175°C mold process and 260°C reflow thermal effect degrading the Cl FM particle in the EMC matrix could generate Cl depending on the additives and modifiers. Investigations were performed to develop hypotheses of how Cl FM particles are generated in the EMC and how the FM particles could be controlled.

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20

Shen, Bing-Xue, Xiang-Ting Min, Yan-Cheng Hu, Lei-Lei Qian, Sa-Na Yang, Boshun Wan, and Qing-An Chen. "Copper-catalyzed boroacylation of allenes to access tetrasubstituted vinylboronates." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 45 (2020): 9253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob02008g.

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A copper-catalyzed boroacylation of allenes with acyl chlorides and bis(pinacolato)diboron is developed for the synthesis of diverse tetrasubstituted vinylboronates with exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity.

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21

Liu, Ming, and Jun Li. "In-Situ Raman Characterization of Initial Corrosion Behavior of Copper in Neutral 3.5% (wt.) NaCl Solution." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132164.

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In order to investigate the role of chloride ion in the corrosion film formation of copper and its evolution over time, the initial corrosion behavior of copper in neutral 3.5% (wt.) NaCl solution was characterized by in-situ Raman spectroscopy along with electrochemical tests. The results demonstrated that the cuprous chloride complexes, such as CuCl and CuCl 2 − were produced through electrode processes, while the cuprite, Cu 2 O seemed to be formed via the chemical precipitation reaction instead of a direct electrochemical transformation from the metal matrix or CuCl and it occurred rather slowly. At the open circuit potential, the chlorides were generated first in the initial 2 h and then they transformed to the oxides with the CuCl 2 − content in the interface increasing. The in-situ Raman characterization directly evidenced the previously reported mechanism of growth of oxide layers on copper surfaces in neutral Cl − media and clearly showed the formation of a corrosion product film and its evolution over time. The electrochemical tests corresponded to the results of in-situ Raman characterization well.

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22

Dyshekova, Aminat Kh, Akhmed M. Karmokov, Zamir V. Shomakhov, Alexander D. Kostyukov, and Irina P. Shumeiko. "Interphase Characteristics of Alkali Chlorides with Impurities of Ag, Sn, Cu." Nano Hybrids and Composites 28 (February 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.28.31.

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Influence of small additives of copper, silver and tin on the angle of wetting and work of adhesion of monocrystals of chlorides of potassium and sodium is considered. The nature of interphase interaction of limit of the section monocrystals of chlorides of sodium and potassium with additives of the specified metals is revealed.

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23

Rasgele, Pinar Goc, Meral Kekecoglu, and Fulya Dilek Gokalp Muranli. "Induction of Micronuclei in Mice Bone Marrow Cells by Cobalt and Copper Chlorides." Archives of Environmental Protection 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2013-0007.

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Abstract The aim of our research was to investigate the genotoxic effects of cobalt chloride and copper chloride in mouse bone marrow cells using the micronucleus (MN) assay. The three different concentrations of cobalt chloride (11.2, 22.5 and 45 mg kg-1) and copper chloride (1.17, 2.35 and 4.70 mg kg-1) were injected intraperitoneally to mice for 24 and 48 hours. It was observed that both of these heavy metals induced a significant increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) at different concentrations in mice for 24 and 48 hours when compared with the control. Furthermore, the significant reduction for the polychromatic erythrocyte/normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE/NCE) ratio which is indicative of bone marrow cytotoxicity was observed in bone marrow cells which were treated with copper chloride at all concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. No reduction of the PCE/NCE ratio was observed both 24 and 48 hours after all the doses of cobalt chloride tested as compared to the negative control. These results lead us to the conclusion that copper chloride may have genotoxic and cytotoxic properties due to induction in the frequency of MN and a reduction in PCE/NCE ratio in bone marrow cells of mice, whereas cobalt chloride induced only genotoxic effect in mice bone marrow

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24

Liang, Hong-Wen, Kun Jiang, Wei Ding, Yi Yuan, Li Shuai, Ying-Chun Chen, and Ye Wei. "Selective remote C–H sulfonylation of aminoquinolines with arylsulfonyl chlorides via copper catalysis." Chemical Communications 51, no. 95 (2015): 16928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc05527j.

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25

Huang, Yuan, Kevin B. Smith, and M. Kevin Brown. "Copper-Catalyzed Borylacylation of Activated Alkenes with Acid Chlorides." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 43 (September 18, 2017): 13314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707323.

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26

Wu, Zhimeng, Yan-Chun Li, Wen-Zhang Ding, Tao Zhu, Shao-Zhong Liu, Xuehong Ren, and Liang-Hua Zou. "Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfenylation of Indoles with Arylsulfonyl Chlorides." Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 5, no. 5 (April 6, 2016): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201600096.

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27

Li, Hailing, and Alexandre Alexakis. "Enyne Chlorides: Substrates for Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation." Angewandte Chemie 124, no. 4 (December 8, 2011): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201107129.

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28

Huang, Yuan, Kevin B. Smith, and M. Kevin Brown. "Copper-Catalyzed Borylacylation of Activated Alkenes with Acid Chlorides." Angewandte Chemie 129, no. 43 (September 18, 2017): 13499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201707323.

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29

Li, Hailing, and Alexandre Alexakis. "Enyne Chlorides: Substrates for Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 4 (December 8, 2011): 1055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201107129.

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30

He, Wen, Rongli Zhang, and Mingzhong Cai. "A highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed chlorodeboronation of arylboronic acids leading to chlorinated arenes." RSC Advances 7, no. 2 (2017): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25666j.

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31

Lam, Solita, Yvonne Puplampu Dove, Adrienne Morris, Ayunna Epps, and Ghislain R. Mandouma. "Cross-Coupling Biarylation of Nitroaryl Chlorides Through High Speed Ball Milling." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss6.376.

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Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction. Cross-coupling biarylation of several nitroaryl chlorides was achieved in good yields when performed in custom-made copper vials through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. Cross-coupling products were obtained almost pure and NMR-ready. These reactions were cleaner than solution phase coupling which require longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, and added catalysts as well as lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of cross biaryl compounds have been synthesized with larger copper vials, a proof that this method can be used to reduce industrial waste and for sustainability.

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32

Kolyadina, O. A., K. Yu Murinov, A. R. Kuramshina, N. N. Kabal’nova, and Yu I. Murinov. "Adsorption properties of complexes of chitosan with copper and zinc chlorides and copper sulfate." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 80, no. 12 (December 2006): 2002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024406120223.

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33

Balogh-Hergovich, Éva, and Gábor Speier. "Oxidation of 3-hydroxyflavones in the presence of copper(I) and copper(II) chlorides." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 71, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(92)80002-x.

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34

Van Tran, Ai, and Makoto Yanaga. "Paper Sludge Carbon as an Adsorbent for Fukushima Radiocontaminated Paddy Soil." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186471.

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Radiocontaminated soil in a paddy field in the Iitate village in Fukushima was treated with an industrial paper sludge carbon (PSC) prior to growing rice in May 2011. The results showed that the sum of the activity concentrations of 134Cs and 137Cs in the polished rice harvested in October 2011 was 30 Bq·kg−1, a level much lower than the Japanese governmental safeguard value of 100 Bq·kg−1. Upon contacting with the contaminated soil, the contents of calcium, magnesium, copper, potassium, and barium in the PSC were decreased. Among the PSCs impregnated with various chlorides and sulfates of the previously mentioned minerals, potassium chloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate yielded higher decontamination degrees compared to the original PSC. The results imply that radioactive cesium in the soil exchanges cations with these minerals.

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35

Zhou, Liwei, Xiaodong Liu, Haiyan Lu, Guobo Deng, Yun Liang, Yuan Yang, and Jin-Heng Li. "Copper-catalyzed [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes and arylsulfonyl chlorides enabled by Smiles rearrangement: access to cyclopenta[a]indene-fused quinolinones." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 18 (2021): 5092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00703c.

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36

Yang, Hefei, Shu-Ning Lu, Yufei Song, Zhengkai Chen, and Xiao-Feng Wu. "Copper-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 18 (2021): 5040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00843a.

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Herein, a facile and straightforward route to synthesize 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via copper-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane (NIITP) has been described.

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37

Liu, Caiyan, Yongli Shen, and Kedong Yuan. "Non-directed copper-catalyzed regioselective C–H sulfonylation of phenothiazines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 17, no. 20 (2019): 5009–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ob00705a.

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38

Greening, Giorgio G. W., and Konrad G. Weil. "Viscosity, Conductivity and Density of Fused Silver and Copper(I) Chlorides Doped with Group I and II Chlorides in the Mole Fraction Region 0 ≦ xdopant ≦ 0.1." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-1110.

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The density, the electrolytic conductivity and the viscosity of molten silver chloride doped with NaCl, RbCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2 and CdCl2, and of molten copper chloride doped with NaCl, KC1, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 and BaCl2 have been measured in the concentration range 0 ≦ xdopant ≦ 0.1: the temperature range was 740 K ≦ T ≦ 900 K for silver chloride and 710 K ^ T ^ 850 K for copper chloride. The findings show that the molar conductance in such systems is strongly dependent on the ionic radii o f the cations: the viscosity, on the other hand, is mainly governed by their charge. A strong correlation exists between the formal activation energies o f conductance and viscosity, Eaη/EaΛ being constant for all types and concentrations of dopant used in this work.

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39

De, Subhadip, Junli Yin, and Dawei Ma. "Copper-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides and Amides." Organic Letters 19, no. 18 (August 31, 2017): 4864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02326.

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40

Dübner, Frank, and Paul Knochel. "Highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed substitution of allylic chlorides with diorganozincs." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 48 (November 2000): 9233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01671-3.

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41

Wu, Tse Chong, and Reuben D. Rieke. "Highly reactive copper- and nickel mediated coupling of aroyl chlorides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, no. 10 (May 1988): 2381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00245a053.

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42

Liang, Shuaishuai, Lvqi Jiang, Wen-bin Yi, and Jingjing Wei. "Copper-Catalyzed Vicinal Chloro-thiolation of Alkynes with Sulfonyl Chlorides." Organic Letters 20, no. 22 (October 26, 2018): 7024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02929.

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43

Berdonosov, Peter S., Andrei V. Olenev, and Valery A. Dolgikh. "ChemInform Abstract: Strontium-Copper Selenite-Chlorides: Synthesis and Structural Investigation." ChemInform 40, no. 48 (November 6, 2009): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200948023.

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44

Boualy, Brahim, Mohamed Anouar Harrad, Soufiane El Houssame, Larbi El Firdoussi, Mustapha Ait Ali, and Abdallah Karim. "Copper(II) catalyzed allylic amination of terpenic chlorides in water." Catalysis Communications 19 (March 2012): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2011.12.019.

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45

Gabrielli, C., P. Moçotéguy, H. Perrot, and R. Wiart. "Mechanism of copper deposition in a sulphate bath containing chlorides." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 572, no. 2 (November 2004): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.01.025.

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46

Yu, Hui, Mei Shu Zhang, and Li Ren Cui. "Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles from imidoyl chlorides." Chinese Chemical Letters 23, no. 5 (May 2012): 573–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2012.02.008.

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47

Zhang, Ya-Xuan, Kang-Jie Bian, Ruo-Xing Jin, Chi Yang, and Xi-Sheng Wang. "Copper-catalyzed monochloromethylazidation to access transformable terminal alkyl chlorides using stoichiometric BrCH2Cl." Chemical Communications 57, no. 46 (2021): 5666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc01751a.

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48

Bai, Jie, Xiuling Cui, Hui Wang, and Yangjie Wu. "Copper-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl sulfonyl chlorides with H-phosphonates leading to S-aryl phosphorothioates." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 64 (2014): 8860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc02693d.

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An efficient protocol for copper-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of aryl sulfonyl chlorides with H-phosphonates has been developed. The various S-aryl phosphorothioates were afforded in up to 86% yield for 20 examples.

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49

Vila, Carlos, Valentín Hornillos, Martín Fañanás-Mastral, and Ben L. Feringa. "Copper-catalysed α-selective allylic alkylation of heteroaryllithium reagents." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 46 (2014): 9321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob01896f.

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2-Allyl-substituted thiophenes and furans are synthesised efficiently in a direct procedure using 2-heteroaryllithium reagents and allyl bromides and chlorides catalysed by ligand-free copper(i). The reactions take place under mild conditions, with excellent α-selectivity, high functional group tolerance and good yields for the S_N2 products.

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50

Dvořáková, Magda, Aleš Hrdlička, Pavel Slavíček, Viktor Kanický, and Vítězslav Otruba. "Effects of easily ionisable elements on copper and zinc lines excited in a plasma pencil." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 10 (2016): 2031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00215c.

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The influence of Easily Ionizable Elements (EIE) (chlorides of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) on the measured spectral lines intensities of copper and zinc excited in a capacitively coupled tubular discharge, known as a plasma pencil, is described.

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