Relevant bibliographies by topics / Copper Losses

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Copper Losses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Copper Losses"

1

Sridhar, R., J. M. Toguri, and S. Simeonov. "Copper losses and thermodynamic considerations in copper smelting." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 28, no. 2 (April 1997): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-997-0084-5.

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Besacier, M., J. M. Guichon, J. L. Schanen, and J. Roudet. "Bus bar copper losses computation." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 23, no. 1 (June 12, 2003): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2003041.

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Liu, Kai, Jian Hui Hu, Ji Bin Zou, Fei Xu, and Yong Li. "Copper Losses and Rotor Losses Calculation for the BLDCM Used in a Flywheel Energy Storage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.93.

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This paper presents a finite element investigation into the copper losses and rotor eddy current losses in brushless DC motors used in a flywheel energy storage system. The copper and rotor losses generate heat which needs to be dissipated in order to not exceed a defined temperature level for the magnet or winding insulation to avoid demagnetization or damage, which if it occurs will reduce the motor performance. The principle of operation and losses calculations are presented in the paper. The influences on the copper and eddy current losses are analyzed in detail, including the operation mode, the control strategy and the variation of the speed. Simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed.
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Xu, Guoqi, Jed Cappellazzi, Matthew J. Konkler, and Jeffrey J. Morrell. "Effect of Multiple Leaching Cycles on Decay Resistance of Micronized Copper Azole–Treated Southern Pine Sapwood." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-19-00065.

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Abstract Copper remains one of the key biocides for protecting timber in soil contact. Historically, copper-based preservatives relied on solubilized copper. Over the past decade, micronized copper systems have largely replaced soluble copper systems in this application. While micronized copper chemistries have been shown to perform well over time with reduced copper leaching compared to solubilized copper, data are lacking on the effects of repeated leaching cycles on resistance of the timber to fungal attack. The potential effects of repeated leaching cycles of micronized copper azole–treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) blocks on both copper losses and resistance to fungal attack were explored over 20 leaching cycles using Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta as test fungi. Copper losses during leaching were elevated for the first two cycles and steadily declined with additional cycling. There were no noticeable differences in fungal-associated weight losses in blocks exposed to G. trabeum. There was only a slight increase in average block weight losses with R. placenta, although blocks exposed to this fungus experienced higher weight losses with increased leaching cycles. The results suggest that repeated leaching exposures may produce some localized increases in susceptibility to fungal attack, but the overall effects were minor.
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Ivanchenko, Mykola, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, and H. Hänninen. "Hydrogen-Induced Mechanical Losses in Oxygen-Free Copper." Solid State Phenomena 184 (January 2012): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.184.122.

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Two oxygen-free copper grades with purity of 99.99 % were studied by means of free decay inverted torsion pendulum at the temperature range of 90 – 300 K and frequencies of 0.5 – 2 Hz. One copper grade was oxygen free electrolytically refined copper with oxygen content of 1.2 wt. ppm. The other one was oxygen-free phosphorous-alloyed grade with oxygen content less than 5 wt. ppm and phosphorous content of 30 – 70 wt. ppm. Electrochemical hydrogen charging induces a complex internal friction peak in the studied copper grades. The observed internal friction peak has a relaxation origin with apparent activation enthalpy and pre-exponential factor for the oxygen-free grade of 0.276 ± 0.002 eV and 10-11.59 ± 0.08 s, respectively. The internal friction peak can be fitted by three broadened Debye peaks (P1, P2 and P3) with activation enthalpies and pre-exponential factors of 0.248 ± 0.003 eV and 10-11.4 ± 0.4 s; 0.297 ± 0.004 eV and 10-11.8 ± 0.2 s; 0.36 ± 0.04 eV and 10-12.7 ± 1.4 s, respectively. Phosphorous doping markedly reduces the height of the observed peak. It was also shown that prior deformation by tension suppresses high-temperature components of the complex internal friction peak. Mechanism of relaxation is presumably caused by interaction of H – H pairs (low-temperature component, peak P1), interaction of hydrogen atoms with dislocations (P2) and interaction of hydrogen with impurities (high-temperature component, peak P3). Absorption of hydrogen in the studied copper grades during electrochemical hydrogen charging was confirmed by the thermal desorption method.
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Berger, M. M., C. Cavadini, A. Bart, R. Mansourian, S. Guinchard, I. Bartholdi, A. Vandervale, et al. "Cutaneous copper and zinc losses in burns." Burns 18, no. 5 (October 1992): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(92)90035-s.

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Berger, M. M., C. Cavadini, A. Bart, R. Mansourian, A. Vandervale, R. Chioléro, S. Krupp, J. Freeman, and H. Dirren. "Copper in burns: cutaneous and urinary losses." Clinical Nutrition 10 (January 1991): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5614(91)90180-k.

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Coursol, Pascal, Nubia Cardona Valencia, Phillip Mackey, Stacy Bell, and Boyd Davis. "Minimization of Copper Losses in Copper Smelting Slag During Electric Furnace Treatment." JOM 64, no. 11 (September 21, 2012): 1305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-012-0454-6.

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Abderahim, A., A. T. Mahamat, J. P. Chatelon, D. Pietroy, S. Capraro, and J. J. Rousseau. "Approach of copper losses determination in planar windings." Electronics Letters 52, no. 12 (June 2016): 1050–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2016.0919.

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Toscano, P., and A. Utigard. "Nickel, copper, and cobalt slag losses during converting." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 34, no. 1 (February 2003): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-003-0062-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Copper Losses"

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Rusen, Aydin. "Usage Of Boron Compounds In Copper Production." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615560/index.pdf.

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Copper losses to slag are generally between 0.7-2.3% during the copper matte smelting stage. In this study, the aim was to reduce these losses in the slag phase. For this purpose, usage of some additives (especially calcined colemanite labeled as CC, boric oxide-B2O3 and calcium oxide-CaO as well) as flux material was investigated. The flash furnace matte-slag (FFM-FFS) obtained from Eti Copper Inc. and a master matte-slag (MM-MS) produced synthetically were used as starting materials. Additives were tested in various amounts under two different atmospheres (N2 and low Po2 obtained by mixture of CO2/CO gases). Temperature and duration were also used as experimental variables. Experimental results have indicated that 2 hours was sufficient to obtain a low copper content in slag about 0.3% and 0.4% for FFS and MS, respectively. It was also seen that the copper content in slag decreased with increasing CC addition at all oxygen partial pressures and at all temperatures. Furthermore, the addition of all additives up to 4% had great influence in lowering the copper content in the final slags (~0.3%Cu). From FactSage calculations, it could be concluded that the colemanite addition decreased the liquidus temperature which led to early melting of slag and allowed enough duration for settling of matte particles within the slag without substantial changing its viscosity, which resulted in less mechanical copper losses to the slag. By using colemanite in copper production, it was possible that a new application area for boron compounds which are produced in Turkey could be created.
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Stening, Alexander. "On Inter-bar Currents in Induction Motors with Cast Aluminium and Cast Copper Rotors." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13401.

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This thesis presents a study of the effects of inter-bar currents on inductionmotor starting performance and stray-load losses. The work is focused on theperformance differences between aluminium and copper casted rotors.A method to predict the stator current when starting direct-on-line isdeveloped. This includes modelling of skin-effect, saturation of the leakageflux paths and additional iron losses. The results are verified by measurements.An analytical model accounting for inter-bar currents is derived, andthe dependency of the harmonic rotor currents on the inter-bar resistivity isinvestigated. It is found that the inter-bar currents can have considerableeffect on motor starting performance and stray-load losses, the amount beingstrongly dependent on the harmonic content of the primary MMF.Based on measurements of inter-bar resistivity, the starting performanceof an aluminium and a copper casted rotor is simulated. The results indicatea higher pull-out torque of the aluminium rotor than for the equivalent copperrotor. This is rather due to an increase of the fundamental starting torque ofthe aluminium rotor, than due to braking torques from the space harmonicsin the copper rotor. The results are verified by measurements. It is foundthat the difference between the pull-out torques is even larger than calculatedfrom the model. Thereby, it can be concluded that the inter-bar currents havea considerable effect on motor starting performance.At rated speed the braking torques are larger in the aluminium rotor thanin the copper rotor. This is seen as increased harmonic joule losses in the rotorcage. Simulations have shown, that these losses can be as large as 1% ofthe output power for the studied machine.


QC20100617
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Belkaid, Zahir. "Modèles et outils pour la conception de composants magnétiques HF dédiés à l'électronique de puissance." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS016/document.

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Les composants magnétiques sont des constituants essentiels des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance en termes de volume et de coût, en particulier dans les alimentations à découpage. Pour cette raison, il est intéressant de développer des méthodes et des outils logiciels pour optimiser la conception de dispositif magnétiques en relation avec les paramètres de conversion. Concevoir et optimiser un composant magnétique suppose de définir parfaitement les contraintes induites par les spécifications, de choisir des conducteurs, isolants et circuits magnétiques, tant sur le plan des matériaux que des géométries, de calculer finement les pertes dans ces différentes parties et enfin, de disposer de modèles thermiques permettant de conduire le design en considérant la contrainte majeure que constituent les températures de fonctionnement des différentes parties du composant. L'objectif de cette thèse est de jeter les bases d'un outil générique d'aide à la conception optimale de composants magnétiques en s'appuyant sur des modélisations analytiques et numériques
The magnetic components are essential constituents of the power electronic converters in terms of volume and cost, particularly in switching power supplies. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods and software tools that can optimize the magnetic device design in relation to the conversion parameters. The design and optimization of the magnetic component includes several constraints that are imposed by the specifications including the choice of electrical conductors and magnetic circuits, both in terms of materials and their geometries. It is necessary to calculate the losses in these parts and to know the thermal models that allows a better design by considering the major constraint namely, the operation temperatures of different parts of the component.The current work describes the basics of a generic tool that will help in the optimal design of a magnetic components based on both analytical and numerical modeling
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Isaksson, Jenny. "Slag Cleaning of a Reduced Iron Silicate Slag by Settling : Influence of Process Parameters and Slag Modification on Copper Content." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Mineralteknik och metallurgi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84798.

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During the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, a significant part of the copper is lost with discard slag, which decreases profits, overall copper recovery, and efficiency of raw material usage. Smelting furnace slag usually has a copper content that is close to or higher than that of copper ores. The investigation of copper losses to slag is thus a task of practical significance, as the ore grades are depleting. Slag cleaning, e.g., a settling furnace, can reduce copper losses to slag as the mechanically suspended copper-containing droplets separate from slag under the action of gravity and can hence be recovered.  An industrial trial was conducted in an electric settling furnace with slag originating from an electric smelting furnace and processed in a zinc fuming furnace. The trial was conducted to increase the understanding of copper losses to slag and how the process parameters temperature and settling time influence the slag copper content. The obtained slag samples were also evaluated to gain better insights as to the settling mechanism and, if any, factors that hinder the copper phases from settling. Slag modification with CaO was also evaluated to investigate how the modification influences the settling of copper phases and, thus, the final slag copper content.  Samples collected during the industrial trial were the basis for the evaluation in the current work. The samples came from batches with varying temperatures, settling times, and CaO content collected at four different sample positions. Instrumental techniques, including XRF, FAAS, ICP-SFMS, and SEM-EDS, were used to analyze the chemical compositions of the samples and the appearance of copper and associated phases.  The results indicated that the copper content of outgoing slag increased with increasing temperature in the evaluated interval. The copper content was also concluded to be more strongly affected by the temperature compared to the settling time. Regulating the temperature to the lower temperature interval in the settling furnace could thus decrease the final slag copper content. During the slag characterization, it was found that suspended copper-containing phases were hindered from settling, due to the attachment to solid phases and gas bubbles in the slag. By controlling and minimizing the presence of the bottom buildup and thus solid phases in the slag, the copper content can be decreased. The results indicated that the CaO slag modification decreased the final slag copper content, and can thus be used as a modifier for increased settling.
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Bui, Bgoc Hai. "Modélisation µPEEC : représentation des matériaux magnétiques par des courants de surface. Application aux noyaux ferrites 2D." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT007/document.

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Le but de cette thèse est donc de mettre en œuvre la méthode µPEEC pour évaluer, sans avoir recours à des simulations ni à des mesures, la réluctance de circuits magnétiques simples en 2D et ce, afin de prédire leur comportement électromagnétique dès les phases de conception. Cela revient à chercher le champ créé par un brin conducteur rectiligne placé dans une fenêtre ronde ou rectangulaire de circuit magnétique comportant ou non un entrefer. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une recherche plus vaste, visant à élaborer le circuit équivalent de transformateurs, avant la réalisation de prototypes, afin d'optimiser ces composants au sein de leurs applications. Avant d'atteindre ce but, différentes étapes ont été franchies progressivement, en s'aidant de solutions analytiques et de simulations par éléments finis pour valider nos approches
The aim of this thesis is to implement the method μPEEC to assess, without using simulations or measurements, the reluctance of magnetic circuits and simple 2D to predict their behavior from electromagnetic design phases . It's just asking the field created by a blade straight conductor placed in a round window or rectangular magnetic circuit with or without an air gap. This study is part of a larger research aimed at developing the equivalent circuit of transformers, before prototyping to optimize these components in their applications. Before reaching this goal, several steps were taken gradually, with the help of analytical solutions and finite element simulations to validate our approaches
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Stening, Alexander. "Analysis and Reduction of Parasitic Effects in Induction Motors With Die-Cast Rotors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119603.

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This thesis presents a study of inter-bar current effects on induction motors with die-cast aluminium and die-cast copper rotors. The parasitic effects introduced by these currents are analyzed and possible solutions to these problems are presented. This is realized by developing analytical tools for the simulation of inter-bar current effects. The methods used are verified by measurements on prototype machines. It is shown that the inter-bar currents can have a considerable effect on the motor starting performance, which can result in a reduced pull-out torque. At rated operation, this is seen as increased harmonic rotor currents, having a negative effect on the motor performance. Results from calorimetric measurements show, that the efficiency gained when substituting a skewed die-cast aluminium rotor with a skewed die-cast copper rotor, is less than the theoretical expectation. It is shown that this is a result of a reduced power factor for the copper rotor. High inter-bar currents are believed to be the origin of this effect, increasing the harmonic content in the rotor magnetomotive force. This would be seen as an increased rotor leakage reactance. Results from locked-rotor tests, and simulations using measured values of inter-bar resistance, support this theory. It is shown, that these negative effects are suppressed to a negligible level by the use of an unskewed rotor, but to the expense of a large synchronous torque at a low speed. By using a modulated rotor concept, having an asymmetrical rotor slot distribution, an unskewed rotor is designed to reduce this parasitic torque. Measurements on a prototype machine show that the modulated rotor suppresses both the inter-bar currents and the synchronous torque, resulting in an improved starting performance, without any significant change of the motor efficiency. The presented results strengthen the potential of the modulated rotor concept, introducing new possibilities for the reduction of negative effects appearing in induction machines.

QC 20130320

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Halfar, Tomáš. "Zlepšení energetických parametrů asynchronních strojů malého výkonu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219929.

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The master’s thesis Improvement power parameter of small induction motors deals with issues of lowering the losses of small induction motors. The first part introduces with design and principles of operation of induction motors. Also introduces to theoretical problematic of losses, their lowering and measuring. In the practical part there are results of the measuring the losses in the induction motor ATAS Elektromotory Náchod a.s. T22VT512 (71-0512). There are proposed methods of increasing the efficiency of induction motor due to measuring and their verification in the Maxwell software. The last part is dedicated to measuring the losses of prototype motor from ATAS and comparison of results with previous motor.
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Klusáček, Jiří. "Návrh a analýza vysokorychlostního asynchronního motoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219182.

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Classical series production induction motors are usually adequate to most of the industrial application by range of rpm. For application requiring higher speed is traditionally used gearbox which is between motor and driven equipment. Nowadays, where are settings demands on efficiency operations and the most easily maintainance, so aim is to join driven equipment narrow with motors. When operating motors over 3000 rpm there are some proper problems. Generally, there is higher losses due to supply voltage from frequency converters and mechanically strength of rotor. This thesis provides a view on existing solutions of high speed induction machines. In the text there are mentioned options of using laminated rotor and solid rotor. Due to regard to angular speed of rotor there are mentioned the most important equations and knowledge, which are related to a mechanical strength of used materials and dimensions of machines. Later on is there mentioned groundwork, which when we are respecting them, we may improve the efficiency of machine. In this thesis is mentioned design, analyses and manufacturing process of high speed induction motor with solid rotor and copper layer at the surface. After that there are simulation of electromagnetic field through the use of finite element method in program FEMM. In the last chapter there are presented measured data of manufactured high speed motor and they are compared with calculations.
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Mallard, Vincent. "Définition de machine asynchrone à très haute efficacité énergétique par actions conjuguées du cuivre rotorique et de l'acier à grains orientés." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0202.

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L’amélioration énergétique des machines électriques est un sujet de plus en plus important,avec dans la décennie à venir, l’utilisation massive de machines électriques pourles transports. Au niveau des industries, les moteurs électriques sont responsables d’environ67% de la consommation de l’énergie électrique. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dansl’optique de l’amélioration énergétique des machines asynchrones qui sont prépondérantesdans le milieu industriel. Le travail présenté porte sur l’utilisation de deux technologiespour augmenter le rendement avec l’utilisation combiné d’un circuit magnétique à basede tôles grains orientés (GO) et de la technologie d’une cage d’écureuil en cuivre injectésous pression. En effet, l’utilisation d’un acier plus performant comparativementaux aciers classiquement utilisés permet une réduction des pertes fer. Le remplacementde l’aluminium injecté, qui est classiquement utilisé dans la fabrication des cages d’écureuils,par du cuivre permet une réduction importante des pertes Joule au rotor. Dans unpremier temps, l’impact du processus de l’injection du cuivre en fusion sur les propriétésmagnétiques des tôles GO a été déterminé. Le processus a tout d’abord été étudié pardes simulations numériques 2D et 3D afin de déterminer les températures au niveau del’acier magnétique. Ces températures ont été appliquées sur des bandes d’Epstein pourdéterminer l’influence de celles-ci sur les propriétés magnétiques. Dans un second temps,l’utilisation des tôles GO en champ tournant a été étudiée par une méthode expérimentaleet par une modélisation numérique afin de comprendre la complexité du trajet duflux magnétique dans une telle structure de circuit magnétique. L’utilisation de cettetechnologie a permis d’obtenir un gain non négligeable en termes de pertes notammentsur les pertes fer. Dans la dernière partie, différents prototypes de machines asynchronesont été testés afin d’apprécier l’apport de ces deux technologies permettant d’apprécierun gain important en termes d’efficacité énergétique grâce à une procédure expérimentale
Definition of high efficiency induction machine using die casting copper squirrel cageand grain oriented steel laminations Nowadays, increasing the efficiency of electrical motorshas become a priority in order to reduce electricity consumption. This thesis dealswith the study of an induction machine composed of a copper squirrel cage realized byhigh pressure die casting and a magnetic circuit made of grain oriented electrical steel(GO) in order to decrease Joule losses and core losses. In the first part, the impact ofthermal shock induced by the die casting copper process on the GO electrical steel wasstudied in order to validate the use of GO in rotor magnetic circuit. The temperatureoccurs during this kind of process has been modeled by 2D and 3D models. An experimentalprocess was realized on the standardize samples in order to make a comparisonwith and without annealing in terms of magnetic properties. In the second part, the newassembly method of magnetic circuit with GO electrical steel has been studied in orderto increase the benefits of use of GO steel in AC machines. The last part, a comparisonbetween several configurations of magnetic circuit in induction machine was realized inorder to confirm the gain of die casting copper rotor with GO electrical steel and GOstator magnetic circuit
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Klíma, Jiří. "Analýza vysokootáčkového asynchronního motoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220922.

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This thesis deals with the problem of the high-speed induction machines. In the introduction the design of the machines and problem areas are discussed. The feeding from the frequency converter and the mechanical strength of the rotor appear to be the biggest problem. High-speed engines with solid rotors were designed. The first model is equipped with a conductive cooper layer on the surface. This model is exposed to harmonic and non-harmonic input voltage and then the results of the simulations are compared. The following model of the thesis is equipped with axial slots. In the practical part of the thesis no load measurement is taken. One point was measured at nominal frequency. At the end of the thesis the results of the measurements are compared with the results of the figures extracted from Maxwell software.
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Books on the topic "Copper Losses"

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Lamond, Sheila. An investigation in copper losses of a slag cleaning furnace. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 1996.

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Fraser, Alastair. For whom the windfalls?: Winners & losers in the privatisation of Zambia's copper mines. Lusaka: Civil Society Trade Network of Zambia (CSTNZ), 2007.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Rebellion losses bill (Canada): Copies or extracts of the Votes and proceedings of the House of Assembly of Canada, relating to the rebellion losses bill. [London: HMSO, 2000.

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Office, Great Britain Colonial. Canada: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 23 March 1849, for, copies or extracts of documents and correspondence heretofore received, relating to compensation for rebellion losses in Canada. [London: HMSO, 2001.

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Diamond, David J., and Martha O. Diamond. Understanding and Treating the Psychosocial Consequences of Pregnancy Loss. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.30.

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This chapter reviews research on the psychological impact and treatment of pregnancy loss for women, men, and families. The psychological sequelae of pregnancy loss can include mild to severe grief, complicated grief, depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other anxiety disorders. Effects on couples, men, and other family members, including the impact on subsequent pregnancies, parental attachment to subsequent children, and gender differences in how men and women cope and grieve, are discussed. The authors present a conceptual framework for understanding pregnancy loss, positing that reactions largely depend on deeply personal and often unconscious meanings of pregnancy and on how parenthood fits into personal identity and the achievement of adult developmental tasks. The authors discuss unique aspects of pregnancy loss that may explain its broad impact and describe ways in which psychotherapy with pregnancy loss patients differs from psychotherapy with the general population, especially regarding countertransference and attitudes toward self-disclosure.
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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks. Loss of genetic diversity reduces ability to adapt. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0004.

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Environmental change is a ubiquitous feature of the conditions faced by species, so they must either evolve, move to avoid threats, or perish. Species require genetic diversity to evolve to cope with environmental change through natural selection (adaptive evolution). The ability of populations to undergo adaptive evolution depends upon the strength of selection, genetic diversity, effective population size, mutation rates and number of generations. Loss of genetic diversity in small populations reduces their ability to evolve to cope with environmental change, thus increasing their extinction risk. Adaptive evolution in the short to medium term predominantly utilizes pre-existing genetic diversity, but new mutations make increasing contributions in later generations. Evolutionary potential can be estimated from the heritability of fitness in the environment of interest, or by extrapolation from genomic diversity.
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Boast, Judith. The experience of depression. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0041.

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This is a personal account of an episode of depression at the age of 71. The author discusses the symptoms of low mood, loss of confidence and sleep disturbance. She discusses how the condition affected her life, and how she struggled to cope with everyday activities. Antidepressant treatment was of some benefit for a limited period but side effects were troublesome. The situation improved slowly and altogether the episode lasted around two years.
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Hatfield, Anthea. The bleeding patient. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199666041.003.0026.

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Part one of this chapter tells you about the physiology of blood and oxygen supply, about anaemia and tissue hypoxia, and the physiology of coagulation. Drugs that interfere with clotting are discussed. Bleeding, coagulation, and platelet disorders are covered as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation. Part two is concerned with bleeding in the recovery room: how to cope with rapid blood loss, managing ongoing blood loss, and how to use clotting profiles to guide treatment. There is also a section covering blood transfusion, blood groups and typing. Massive blood transfusion is clearly described, there are guidelines about when to use fresh frozen plasma, when to use platelets, and when to use cryoprecipitate. The final section of the chapter is about problems with blood transfusions.
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Stulman, Louis. Prophetic Words and Acts as Survival Literature. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.18.

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Informed by historical interests and contemporary trauma theories, this chapter reads written prophecy in the Hebrew Bible—as opposed to its oral iteration—as ancient Israel’s disaster and survival literature. Specifically, the literarization of prophecy connects word and sign-act to prophetic performance of the realities of trauma. When this complex alchemy “enacts” the horrors of war, exile, and confinement through the prism of word and deed, it (1) gives expression to unspeakable loss, (2) generates space for the work of grief, and (3) constructs new trajectories of meaning for survivors struggling to cope with the collapse of their social and symbolic worlds.
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Mills, M. G. L., and M. E. J. Mills. Coexistence and the cheetah’s relations with other carnivores. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0009.

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In the southern Kalahari densities of large carnivores are relatively low, with the brown hyena the most abundant. Resource partitioning is well defined as each species tends to concentrate on the prey species it is best adapted to utilize, and they show dietary flexibility. Interactions between cheetahs and other large carnivores were rare and mostly inconsequential. Only 6.1% of kills were kleptoparasitized, with an average percentage loss of 65% per kill. Nearly all (82.6%) kills stolen, were stolen at night, were springbok, and the perpetrators were mainly lions and brown hyenas. Diurnal hunting largely counters kleptoparasitism, and anyway cheetahs are well adapted physiologically, through their daily energy expenditure, to cope with over 25% loss of kills. Jackals were often attracted to cheetah kills. Occasionally, if numbers grew to more than five, they could harass cheetahs into abandoning the kill prematurely. Jackals may also sometimes kill small cheetah cubs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Copper Losses"

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Paris, Christophe, and Olivier Walti. "Stray-Load Losses Analysis in Copper Squirrel Cage Induction Machine." In Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems, 86–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55475-9_14.

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Shen, Boyang. "Investigation of AC Losses on Stabilizer-Free and Copper Stabilizer HTS Tapes." In Springer Theses, 93–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58058-2_7.

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Hagni, Richard D. "Ore Microscopic Study of Copper Losses from Mining of Bornite Ores in the Sweetwater Mine, Viburnum Trend, Southeast Missouri." In Proceedings of the 10th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM), 307–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27682-8_37.

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Redinger, Alex, and Susanne Siebentritt. "Loss Mechanisms in Kesterite Solar Cells." In Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells, 363–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118437865.ch16.

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Cornejo, Karen, Mao Chen, and Baojun Zhao. "Control of Copper Loss in Flash Smelting Slag." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 71–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65241-8_7.

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Wang, Yu-Ting, Yun-Fu Shieh, Chien-hua Chen, Cheng-hua Lu, Ya-Chi Cheng, Chung-Lin Wu, and Ming-Tzer Lin. "In Situ Energy Loss and Internal Friction Measurement of Nanocrystalline Copper Thin Films Under Different Temperature." In MEMS and Nanotechnology, Volume 8, 67–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07004-9_8.

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Mandumbu, R., C. Nyawenze, J. T. Rugare, G. Nyamadzawo, C. Parwada, and H. Tibugari. "Tied Ridges and Better Cotton Breeds for Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 181–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_23.

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AbstractClimate change and variability is already reducing agricultural productivity and opportunities for employment, pushing up food prices and affecting food availability and production of formerly adapted crop types. Such is the case in cotton production in Zimbabwe, where it was the only viable commercial crop in marginal areas. As a form of adaptation, there is need for African farmers to have a range of agricultural techniques as coping strategies and tactics to enable sustainable production of crops and deal with extreme events. Such techniques include water conservation and introduction of new adapted crop genetics to cope with the new environment. The emerging trends in climate change will force farmers to adopt new crops and varieties and forms of agricultural production technologies. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of combining in-field water harvesting and early maturing cotton varieties in curbing drought in cotton in semiarid Zimbabwe. The results show that both water harvesting in form of planting basins significantly (P <0.05) increased boll number and branch number of cotton across all varieties. The varieties M577 and M567 out-performed the conventional varieties in early growth, branch number, and boll number. Tied contour ridges gave a significantly (P <0.05) higher moisture content in 0–5 cm and the 6–10 cm depth compared to conventional tillage. The new varieties displayed early phenological development. Despite the existence of rainfall gaps, the in-field water harvesting techniques captured enough moisture and prevented moisture losses through runoff which resulted successful flowering and fruiting in the short varieties compared to conventional tillage on conventional varieties. In this regard, water harvesting and early maturing varieties offer considerable hope for increasing crop production in arid and semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.
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Matt, Daniel, and Nadhem Boubaker. "Very Low Voltage and High Efficiency Motorisation for Electric Vehicles." In Emerging Electric Machines - Advances, Perspectives and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95832.

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This chapter details the design of a new innovative solid bar winding for electrical machines (either motors or generators) dedicated to the electric propulsion. The goal of this new winding technique is to enhance the performance by better utilizing the stator slot and increasing the copper fill factor to higher than 75%, and also to reduce the inactive copper at the end-windings. Accordingly, many advantages arise from the application of this solid bar winding: higher torque-to-weight ratio, better thermal behavior, lower rotor losses, higher efficiency, higher reliability and lower cogging torque. However, the solid bar has its inherent constraints, which should be considered with care when designing an electric motor: the AC copper losses and the manufacturing process. The suggested winding technique aims at addressing these challenges.
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Davenport, W. G., M. King, M. Schlesinger, and A. K. Biswas. "Copper Loss in Slag." In Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, 173–85. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044029-3/50014-9.

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BISWAS, A. K., and W. G. DAVENPORT. "COPPER LOSS IN SLAG." In Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, 224–47. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042124-7.50018-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Copper Losses"

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Wang, S., and D. G. Dorrell. "Copper losses analysis of EV charging couplers." In 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2015.7156812.

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Robert, F. "Copper losses and power density of power transformer technologies." In Twenty-Third International Telecommunications Energy Conference. INTELEC 2001. IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20010581.

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Noerenberg, Christian, Juergen Redlich, and Bernd Ponick. "Novel method for considering AC copper losses in traction motors." In 2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icem49940.2020.9271008.

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Vandelac, J. P., and P. Ziogas. "A novel approach for minimizing high frequency transformer copper losses." In 1987 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.1987.7077203.

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Dosmukhamedov, N. K., E. E. Zholdasbay, and A. A. Argyn. "Losses of copper and precious metals with slag in mine smelting of copper-, lead containing raw materials." In General question of world science. "Science of Russia", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-07-2020-06.

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Stadler, Alexander, and Christof Gulden. "Copper losses of litz-wire windings due to an air gap." In 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2013.6631820.

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Abderahim, Awat, Ahmat Taha Mahamat, Stephane Capraro, Amir Moungache, Jean-Pierre Chatelon, David Pietroy, and Jean Jacques Rousseau. "Determination of copper losses from measurement and simulation in planar windings." In 2016 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (DTIP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dtip.2016.7514844.

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Phillips, R., and Dr T. Woolmer. "AC Copper Losses in Edge-Wound Coils in a YASA Motor." In The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1018.

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Viala, B., A. S. Royet, and S. Couderc. "Investigation of anomalous losses in ferromagnetic spiral inductors using thick copper technology." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1463973.

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Barta, Jan, Nikita Uzhegov, Ladislav Knebl, and Cestmir Ondrusek. "Effect of Additional Copper Losses on the High-speed Induction Machine Performance." In 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506689.

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Reports on the topic "Copper Losses"

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Kim, S. H. Effects of Formvar coating and copper-nickel outer sheath on the ac losses of multi-strand subsize cables. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5726299.

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Lin, Jiang, Tienan Li, Aizhen Li, and Guoqing Zhang. Economic and environmental benefits of reducing standby power lossin DVD/VCD players and copiers in China. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861130.

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Clarke, Alison, Sherry Hutchinson, and Ellen Weiss. Psychosocial support for children. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1003.

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Masiye Camp in Matopos National Park, and Kids’ Clubs in downtown Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, are examples of a growing number of programs in Africa and elsewhere that focus on the psychological and social needs of AIDS-affected children. Given the traumatic effects of grief, loss, and other hardships faced by these children, there is increasing recognition of the importance of programs to help them strengthen their social and emotional support systems. This Horizons Report describes findings from operations research in Zimbabwe and Rwanda that examines the psychosocial well-being of orphans and vulnerable children and ways to increase their ability to adapt and cope in the face of adversity. In these studies, a person’s psychosocial well-being refers to his/her emotional and mental state and his/her network of human relationships and connections. A total of 1,258 youth were interviewed. All were deemed vulnerable by their communities because they had been affected by HIV/AIDS and/or other factors such as severe poverty.
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Nishimura, Masatsugu, Yoshitaka Tezuka, Enrico Picotti, Mattia Bruschetta, Francesco Ambrogi, and Toru Yoshii. Study of Rider Model for Motorcycle Racing Simulation. SAE International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0572.

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Various rider models have been proposed that provide control inputs for the simulation of motorcycle dynamics. However, those models are mostly used to simulate production motorcycles, so they assume that all motions are in the linear region such as those in a constant radius turn. As such, their performance is insufficient for simulating racing motorcycles that experience quick acceleration and braking. Therefore, this study proposes a new rider model for racing simulation that incorporates Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. In developing this model, it was built on the premise that it can cope with running conditions that lose contact with the front wheels or rear wheels so-called "endo" and "wheelie", which often occur during running with large acceleration or deceleration assuming a race. For the control inputs to the vehicle, we incorporated the lateral shift of the rider's center of gravity in addition to the normally used inputs such as the steering angle, throttle position, and braking force. We compared the performance of the new model with that of the conventional model under constant radius cornering and straight braking, as well as complex braking and acceleration in a single (hairpin) corner that represented a racing run. The results showed that the new rider model outperformed the conventional model, especially in the wider range of running speed usable for a simulation. In addition, we compared the simulation results for complex braking and acceleration in a single hairpin corner produced by the new model with data from an actual race and verified that the new model was able to accurately simulate the run of actual MotoGP riders.
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Drive modelling and performance estimation of IPM motor using SVPWM and Six-step Control Strategy. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0775.

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This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) traction motor drive, and analyses the impact of different modulation techniques. The most widely used modulation methods in traction motor drives are Space vector modulation (SVPWM), over-modulation, and six-step modulation have been implemented. A two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element model of the motor is co-simulated with a dynamic model of a field-oriented control (FOC) circuit. For accurate tuning of the current controllers, extended complex vector synchronous frame current regulators are employed. The DC-link voltage utilization, harmonics in the output waveforms, torque ripple, iron losses, and AC copper losses are calculated and compared with sinusoidal excitation. Overall, it is concluded that the selection of modulation technique is related to the operating condition and motor speed, and a smooth transition between different modulation techniques is essential to achieve a better performance.
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