Journal articles: 'Copper mine tailings'

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Li, Yang, Zhaojun Wu, Xingchen Dong, Zifu Xu, Qixin Zhang, Haiyan Su, Zhongjun Jia, and Qingye Sun. "Pyrite oxidization accelerates bacterial carbon sequestration in copper mine tailings." Biogeosciences 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-573-2019.

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Abstract. Polymetallic mine tailings have great potential as carbon sequestration tools to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, previous studies focused on carbonate mineral precipitation, whereas the role of autotrophic bacteria in mine tailing carbon sequestration has been neglected. In this study, carbon sequestration in two samples of mine tailings treated with FeS2 was evaluated using 13C isotope, pyrosequencing and DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) analyses to identify carbon fixers. Mine tailings treated with FeS2 exhibited a higher percentage of 13C atoms (1.76±0.06 % for Yangshanchong and 1.36±0.01 % for Shuimuchong) than did controls over a 14-day incubation, which emphasized the role of autotrophs in carbon sequestration with pyrite addition. Pyrite treatment also led to changes in the composition of bacterial communities, and several autotrophic bacteria increased, including Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Furthermore, pyrite addition increased the relative abundance of the dominant genus Sulfobacillus by 8.86 % and 5.99 % in Yangshanchong and Shuimuchong samples, respectively. Furthermore, DNA SIP results indicated a 8.20–16.50 times greater gene copy number for cbbL than cbbM in 13C-labeled heavy fractions, and a Sulfobacillus-like cbbL gene sequence (cbbL-OTU1) accounted for 30.11 %–34.74 % of all cbbL gene sequences in 13C-labeled heavy fractions of mine tailings treated with FeS2. These findings highlight the importance of the cbbL gene in bacterial carbon sequestration and demonstrate the ability of chemoautotrophs to sequester carbon during sulfide mineral oxidation in mine tailings. This study is the first to investigate carbon sequestration by autotrophic bacteria in mine tailings through the use of isotope tracers and DNA SIP.

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Lam, Elizabeth J., Rodrigo Carle, Rodrigo González, Ítalo L. Montofré, Eugenio A. Veloso, Antonio Bernardo, Manuel Cánovas, and Fernando A. Álvarez. "A Methodology Based on Magnetic Susceptibility to Characterize Copper Mine Tailings." Minerals 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110939.

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This paper intends to validate the application of magnetic techniques, particularly magnetic susceptibility, as sampling tools on a copper tailings terrace, by correlating them analytically. Magnetic susceptibility was measured in both the field and laboratory. Data obtained allowed for designing spatial magnetic susceptibility distribution maps, showing the horizontal variation of the tailings. In addition, boxplots were used to show the variation of magnetic susceptibility and the concentration of the elements analyzed at different depths of the copper tailings terrace. The degree of correlation between magnetic and chemical variables was defined with coefficient R2. The horizontal and vertical variations of magnetic susceptibility, the concentration of elements, and the significant correlations between them show a relationship between magnetic susceptibility and the chemical processes occurring in the tailing management facility, such as pyrite oxidation. Thus, the correlation functions obtained could be used as semiquantitative tools to characterize tailings or other mining residues.

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Godirilwe, Labone L., Kazutoshi Haga, Batnasan Altansukh, Yasushi Takasaki, Daizo Ishiyama, Vanja Trifunovic, Ljiljana Avramovic, Radojka Jonovic, Zoran Stevanovic, and Atsushi Shibayama. "Copper Recovery and Reduction of Environmental Loading from Mine Tailings by High-Pressure Leaching and SX-EW Process." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091335.

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The flotation tailings obtained from Bor Copper Mine contain pyrite (FeS2) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), these sulfide minerals are known to promote acid mine drainage (AMD) which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. This study focuses on the treatment of mine tailings to convert the AMD supporting minerals to more stable forms, while simultaneously valorizing the mine tailings. A combination of hydrometallurgical processes of high-pressure oxidative leaching (HPOL), solvent extraction (SX), and electrowinning (EW) were utilized to recover copper from mine tailings which contain about 0.3% Cu content. The HPOL process yielded a high copper leaching rate of 94.4% when water was used as a leaching medium. The copper leaching kinetics were promoted by the generation of sulfuric acid due to pyrite oxidation. It was also confirmed that a low iron concentration (1.4 g/L) and a high copper concentration (44.8 g/L) obtained in the stripped solution resulted in an improved copper electrodeposition current efficiency during copper electrowinning. Moreover, pyrite, which is primarily in the mine tailings, was converted into hematite after HPOL. A stability evaluation of the solid residue confirmed almost no elution of metal ions, confirming the reduced environmental loading of mine tailings through re-processing.

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Kotwica, Łukasz, Marcin Chorembała, Ewa Kapeluszna, Piotr Stępień, Jan Deja, Mirja Illikainen, and Łukasz Gołek. "Influence of Calcined Mine Tailings on the Properties of Alkali Activated Slag Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 761 (January 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.83.

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Influence of copper mine tailings on properties of soda activated ground granulated blast furnace slag mortars and pastes was investigated. Calcination of copper mine tailings was found to be a method of increasing their pozzolanic activity. Material calcined at 750°C possessed highest pozzolanic activity. So obtained material can be used as a partial substitution of ground granulated slag in soda activated blends. Introduction of calcined copper mine tailings decrease strength up to 28 days, but after 56 days strength results are similar or even higher comparing to control samples. Phase composition of hydrated material is not affected significantly by the presence of calcined copper mine tailings.

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Drobe, Malte, Frank Haubrich, Mariano Gajardo, and Herwig Marbler. "Processing Tests, Adjusted Cost Models and the Economies of Reprocessing Copper Mine Tailings in Chile." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010103.

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To increase resource efficiency, mining residues–especially tailings–have come into the focus of research, companies, and politics. Tailings still contain varying amounts of unextracted elements of value and minerals that were not of economic interest during production. As for primary mineral deposits, only a small share of tailings offers the possibility for an economic reprocessing. To minimize exploration expenditure, a stepwise process is followed during exploration, to estimate the likelihood of a project to become a mine or in this case a reprocessing facility. During this process, costs are continuously estimated at least in an order of magnitude. Reprocessing flowsheets for copper mine tailings in Chile were developed and costs and revenues of possible products from reprocessing were examined for a rough economic assessment. Standard cost models with capex and opex for flotation, leaching, and magnetic separation were adopted to the needs of tailings reprocessing. A copper tailing (around 2 M t) that also contains magnetite was chosen as a case study. A combination of magnetic separation and leaching gave the best economic results for copper and magnetite. The adopted cost models showed positive results at this early stage of investigation (semi-technical scale processing tests).

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Chen, Liwei, Jun Wu, Jian Lu, Chulin Xia, Michael A. Urynowicz, Zaixing Huang, Li Gao, and Mingying Ma. "Speciation, Fate and Transport, and Ecological Risks of Cu, Pb, and Zn in Tailings from Huogeqi Copper Mine, Inner Mongolia, China." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2340542.

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Tailings collected from the tailing reservoir at Huogeqi Copper Mine, located in Inner Mongolia, China, were used in a leachate study to evaluate the acid potential, neutralization potential, and possibility for producing acid mine drainage (AMD) from the site. The speciation of Cu, Pb, and Zn contained in the tailings was also determined during the leachate study to further access the potential migration abilities of these metals. The results showed that the tailings did not produce significant AMD as the pH of the leachate ranged from 7 to 9 and decreased with time. The Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were high, ranging from 439.1 to 4527 mg/kg in the tailings and from 0.162 to 7.964 mg/L in the leachate, respectively. Concentrations of metals in the leachate and tailings were positively correlated. Over 60% of the Cu in the tailing samples existed in an oxidizable form. Most of the Pb also existed in its oxidized form, as did the silicate and Zn. Metals usually have higher mobility in their exchangeable and oxidizable forms and as such represent a higher potential risk to the environment. Results of risk assessment code also revealed that metals in tailings exerted medium to high risks to the environment.

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Hansen, H. K., A. Rojo, and L. M. Ottosen. "Electrodialytic Remediation of Copper Mine Tailings." Procedia Engineering 44 (2012): 2053–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.042.

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Hansen, Henrik K., Adrian Rojo, and Lisbeth M. Ottosen. "Electrokinetic remediation of copper mine tailings." Electrochimica Acta 52, no. 10 (February 2007): 3355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.069.

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Hansen, Henrik K., Adrián Rojo, and Lisbeth M. Ottosen. "Electrodialytic remediation of copper mine tailings." Journal of Hazardous Materials 117, no. 2-3 (January 2005): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.09.014.

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Lam, Elizabeth J., Vicente Zetola, Yendery Ramírez, Ítalo L. Montofré, and Franco Pereira. "Making Paving Stones from Copper Mine Tailings as Aggregates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072448.

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Copper mining, the central axis of Chile’s economic development, produces a large number of tailings, which become a potential environmental risk. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties resulting from the making of Portland cement mixtures with tailings as aggregates so that they can be eventually used in paving stones for building inactive tailings dams. Tailings coming from two dams at a concentration plant located in Taltal (Chile) were used. Currently, Dam 1 is inactive, while Dam 2 is active. The tailings samples obtained from both dams were granulometrically characterized by sieving. In addition, pH, humidity, Eh, and mineralogical assays (sulfides, oxides, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, and silicates) were measured. The fines content of the tailings from Dams 1 and 2 with a sieve size of N°200 ASTM were 76.2% and 29.6%, respectively. Therefore, owing to their high percentage of fines, they cannot be as used as concrete aggregates. Aggregates must contain a maximum percentage of fines so that mortars and concrete can meet Chilean standards. In this paper, to comply with a 7% and 15% fines content lower than 0.075 mm, tailings materials were mixed with conventional aggregates containing very little fines. In addition, a reference mixture was made with only tailings aggregates with and without a superplasticizer additive. To measure the mixtures of cement, aggregates, and tailings, bending and compression strength assays were made of the specimens after a 28-day curing, according to the Chilean standard. The results of the study show that the addition of only part of the tailings to the mixture increases bending strength by 26% and compression strength by 180% compared with the reference mortar, with a fines content lower than 0.075 mm in the 7% mixture, thus allowing paving stone manufacture with tailings materials. In addition, it was possible to increase the workability of the reference mixture by using superplasticizers as additives.

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Sheikh, Tanveer Ahmad, and Mr Masoom Reza. "Production of Eco-Friendly Bricks from Copper Mine Tailings through Geopolymerization in India." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-5 (August 31, 2017): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2325.

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12

Lazo, Andrea, Pamela Lazo, Alejandra Urtubia, María Gabriela Lobos, Claudia Gutiérrez, and Henrik K. Hansen. "Copper Analysis by Two Different Procedures of Sequential Extraction after Electrodialytic Remediation of Mine Tailings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203957.

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The analysis of Cu distribution in pre-treated mine tailings after electrodialytic remediation was carried out by using two methods of sequential extraction. The initial content of copper in the tailings was 1109 mg Cu/kg of dry tailing, where close to 40% of the sample in weight corresponded to a soluble fraction. The tailing was treated with a leaching solution for 24 h. Three different solutions were tested: H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 1.9; H2SO4 + HNO3 with pH = 4.2; and NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L with pH = 5.5. After that, electrodialytic remediation experiments were carried out using an electric field of 2.7 V/cm for 15 days. The best performance for the complete cell was obtained with H2SO4 + HNO3 solutions, with a copper removal efficiency in the range of 62% to 67% and a current efficiency between 6% and 9%. The results of the remaining copper concentration between anode and cathode, from both procedures of sequential extraction, showed similar trends. The differences were mainly attributed to the use of different extractant solutions and extraction times. Soluble and exchangeable fractions were easily removed, with efficiencies higher than 80%. The lowest copper removal efficiency was obtained with NH4Cl 0.8 mol/L.

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13

Lee, M. R., and J. A. Correa. "Copper mine tailings disposal: consequences for the interstitial polychaete Saccocirrus sonomacus (Canalipalpata: Protodrilida)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 3 (May 24, 2004): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009610h.

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The hypothesis investigated in this paper is that the interstitial polychaete Saccocirrus sonomacus is excluded from beaches impacted by tailing disposal as a result of the blocking of the interstitial space and not by a response to the toxicity of elevated copper concentrations. Field evidence suggested that abundances of S. sonomacus on beaches where they would be expected to occur under natural conditions are lower when a beach has received a significant amount of tailings. In choice experiments, S. sonomacus always preferred an open coarse sand matrix to one where the interstitial spaces had been blocked by fine sand (a tailings substitute). Using invitro bioassays, we found that the LC50 for S. sonomacus with copper was 44 μg Cu l−1, this being higher than the values of interstitial labile copper measured on the beaches investigated in this study. We therefore accept the hypothesis of a physically mediated exclusion rather than a toxically mediated one.

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Schafer, Haley, and Nicholas Beier. "Estimating soil-water characteristic curve from soil-freezing characteristic curve for mine waste tailings using time domain reflectometry." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 1 (January 2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0145.

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The unsaturated properties of a soil are required to predict the rate of dewatering and magnitude of strength gain of a mine waste tailings deposit during desiccation dewatering. This prediction requires the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), which is time-consuming and challenging to attain and may take anywhere from weeks to months to complete a single test. As a result, alternative methods are needed to estimate the SWCC. Past research has indicated that the soil-freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) can be used to estimate the SWCC in some soils. An experimental method and apparatus were developed to measure the SFCC to estimate the SWCC for different mine waste tailings, including copper tailings, gold tailings, and oil sands centrifuge cake. The experimental method involved using a resistance temperature detector to measure the temperature and time domain reflectometry to determine the unfrozen water content of the soil. The results showed that the SFCC could be used to estimate the SWCC for tailings from metal mines (gold tailings and copper tailings) with a high portion of sand-sized particles and a small amount of clay-sized particles, but was not able to estimate the SWCC for oil sands tailings.

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Cook, T. E., J. T. Ammons, J. L. Branson, D. Walker, V. C. Stevens, and D. J. Inman. "COPPER MINE TAILINGS RECLAMATION NEAR DUCKTOWN, TENNESSEE." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2000, no. 1 (2000): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr00010529.

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Stankovic, Srdjan, Ivana Moric, Aleksandar Pavic, Sandra Vojnovic, Branka Vasiljevic, and Vladica Cvetkovic. "Bioleaching of copper from old flotation tailings samples (Copper Mine Bor, Serbia)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, no. 3 (2015): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc140411097s.

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Bioleaching of samples taken from depths of 10, 15, and 20 meters from old flotation tailings of the Copper Mine Bor was conducted in shaken flasks using extremely acidic water of Lake Robuleas lixiviant. Yield of copper after five weeks of the bioleaching experiment was 68.34?1.21% for 15 m sample, 72.57?0.57% for 20 m sample and 97.78?5.50% for 10 m sample. The obtained results were compared to the results of acid leaching of the same samples and it was concluded that bioleaching was generally more efficient for the treatment of samples taken from depths of 10 m and 20 m. The content of pyrite in the 20 m sample, which contained the highest amount of this mineral, was reduced after bioleaching. Benefits of this approach are: recovery of substantial amounts of copper, reducing the environmental impact of flotation tailings and the application of abundant and free water from the Robule acidic lake as lixiviant. Results of the experiment showed that bioleaching can be more efficient than acid leaching for copper extraction from flotation tailings with higher sulfide contents.

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N̆ancucheo, Ivan, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Significance of Microbial Communities and Interactions in Safeguarding Reactive Mine Tailings by Ecological Engineering." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 23 (September 30, 2011): 8201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06155-11.

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ABSTRACTPyritic mine tailings (mineral waste generated by metal mining) pose significant risk to the environment as point sources of acidic, metal-rich effluents (acid mine drainage [AMD]). While the accelerated oxidative dissolution of pyrite and other sulfide minerals in tailings by acidophilic chemolithotrophic prokaryotes has been widely reported, other acidophiles (heterotrophic bacteria that catalyze the dissimilatory reduction of iron and sulfur) can reverse the reactions involved in AMD genesis, and these have been implicated in the “natural attenuation” of mine waters. We have investigated whether by manipulating microbial communities in tailings (inoculating with iron- and sulfur-reducing acidophilic bacteria and phototrophic acidophilic microalgae) it is possible to mitigate the impact of the acid-generating and metal-mobilizing chemolithotrophic prokaryotes that are indigenous to tailing deposits. Sixty tailings mesocosms were set up, using five different microbial inoculation variants, and analyzed at regular intervals for changes in physicochemical and microbiological parameters for up to 1 year. Differences between treatment protocols were most apparent between tailings that had been inoculated with acidophilic algae in addition to aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria and those that had been inoculated with only pyrite-oxidizing chemolithotrophs; these differences included higher pH values, lower redox potentials, and smaller concentrations of soluble copper and zinc. The results suggest that empirical ecological engineering of tailing lagoons to promote the growth and activities of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria could minimize their risk of AMD production and that the heterotrophic populations could be sustained by facilitating the growth of microalgae to provide continuous inputs of organic carbon.

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Nadeif, Abdelkrim, Yassine Taha, Hassan Bouzahzah, Rachid Hakkou, and Mostafa Benzaazoua. "Desulfurization of the Old Tailings at the Au-Ag-Cu Tiouit Mine (Anti-Atlas Morocco)." Minerals 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070401.

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Tailings from the abandoned Tiouit mine site in Morocco are mainly composed of sulfides, hematite, and quartz. They contain 0.06–1.50 wt % sulfur, mostly in the form of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. The tailings also contain gold (3.36–5.00 ppm), silver (24–37 ppm), and copper (0.06–0.08 wt %). Flotation tests were conducted to reprocess the tailings for Au, Ag, and Cu recovery, and at the same time to prevent acid mine drainage (AMD) generation through the oxidation of sulfide minerals, including pyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena. The flotation results confirmed that environmental desulfurization is effective at reducing the overall sulfide content in the tailings. The recovery of sulfides was between 69% and 75%, while Au recovery weight-yield was between 2.8% and 4.7%. The test that showed the best sulfur recovery rate and weight-yield was carried out with 100 g/t CuSO4 (sulfide activator) and 50 g/t of amyl xanthate (collector). The goal of this study was also to assess the remaining acid-generating potential (AP) and acid-neutralizing potential (NP) of the desulfurized tailing. The geochemical behavior of the initial tailings sample was compared to that of the desulfurized tailings using kinetic weathering cell tests. The leachates from the desulfurized tailings showed higher pH values than those from the initial tailings, which were clearly acid-generating. The residual acidity produced by the desulfurized tailings was most likely caused by the hydrolysis of Fe-oxyhydroxides.

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Conić, Vesna, Srđan Stanković, Branislav Marković, Dragana Božić, Jovica Stojanović, and Miroslav Sokić. "Investigation of the optimal technology for copper leaching from old flotation tailings of the copper mine bor (Serbia)." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 26, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/514.

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This work aimed to investigate optimal leaching technology for copper extraction from old flotation tailings of the Copper Mine Bor. The leaching degree of copper after leaching with sulphuric acid at 80 °C was 50%, the maximal leaching degree was achieved after 30 minutes. Then, old flotation tailings were leached with adapted moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria in a bioreactor at 40 °C. Maximal leaching degree of 84% was achieved after nine days of the experiment. The third leaching experiment was conducted with biogenic lixiviant obtained by bacterial oxidation of the ferrous iron (concentration of Fe3+ 1300 mgL-1, pH 2.14). Biogenic lixiviant with ferric sulphate was then used in the leaching experiment at 80 °C. Maximal leaching degree was 78%, and it was achieved after five minutes. Results of the leaching experiments show that the most efficient technology for copper recovery from the old flotation tailings of the Copper Mine Bor was leaching with biogenic lixiviant.

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Álvarez, María Luisa, Ana Méndez, Roberto Rodríguez-Pacheco, Jorge Paz-Ferreiro, and Gabriel Gascó. "Recovery of Zinc and Copper from Mine Tailings by Acid Leaching Solutions Combined with Carbon-Based Materials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 5166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115166.

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Mine tailing storage represents an important environmental issue. The generation and dispersal of dust from mine tailings can contaminate air and surrounding soils. In addition, metals and soluble salts present in these wastes could pollute groundwater and surface water. The recovery of metals from mine tailings can contribute to minimize the environmental risk and to achieve a circular economy model. The main objective of the present work is to study the use of two carbon-based materials, a commercial activated carbon (AC) and a commercial charcoal (VC) in the leaching of zinc and copper from low-grade tailing waste. Experimental results obtained show that it is possible to achieve the recovery of more than 87 wt% of Zn after 6 h of leaching with different sulfuric acid solutions. The addition of carbon-based materials increases the extraction of Zn at high sulfuric acid concentrations (1 M) from 89% to 99%. The addition of VC significantly increases the extraction of Cu in leaching solution with high sulfuric acid concentration (1 M), from 41 to 61%. Future research will be necessary to optimize the properties of carbon-based materials and their recovery after leaching experiments in order to assess their potential for industrial application.

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Nuno, Cristelo, Coelho João, Miranda Tiago, Sousa Luis, Fernández-Jiménez Ana, and Oliveira Mafalda. "Stabilisation of high-sulphide tailings with alkali activated fly ash – mechanical performance." MATEC Web of Conferences 274 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927402001.

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Mine tailings could represent a step forward in terms of the quality of the aggregates that usually accepted in civil engineering applications, due to their specific weight and compressive strength. The Neves-Corvo copper mine produces approximately 3 million tons of tailings every year, which could supply several construction works, at least in the south of Portugal. Nevertheless, this industrial waste requires stabilisation, not only due to their high sulphur content, but also due to mechanical performance demands. This paper focus on the stabilisation, without previous thermal treatment, of the mine tailings from Neves-Corvo.

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Okereafor, Uchenna, Mamookho Makhatha, Lukhanyo Mekuto, and Vuyo Mavumengwana. "Gold Mine Tailings: A Potential Source of Silica Sand for Glass Making." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050448.

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Mining of minerals such as gold, copper, and platinum has been one of several activities sustaining the economy of South Africa. However, the mining sector has contributed significantly to environmental contamination through the improper disposal of mine tailings which covers vast areas of land. Therefore, this study utilised a vitrification process to manufacture glass from gold mine tailings. X-ray fluorescence was used to determine the chemical composition of the tailings while X-ray diffraction was adopted for the mineralogy. The tailings were of granitic composition enriched in potentially toxic elements such as copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, arsenic, and chromium. A representative sample of gold mine wastes of sandy grain size was used in making the glass. Based on composition, the glass was formulated by adding an average 10.0 mass% of CaCO3 and 5.0 mass% of Na2CO3 to 35.0 mass% of SiO2, which resulted in the production of a green-coloured glass.

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Pond, Andrew P., Scott A. White, Michael Milczarek, and Thomas L. Thompson. "Accelerated Weathering of Biosolid-Amended Copper Mine Tailings." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 4 (July 2005): 1293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0405.

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Novo, Luís A. B., Emma F. Covelo, and Luís González. "Phytoremediation of amended copper mine tailings withBrassica juncea." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 27, no. 3 (June 2013): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2013.779061.

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Gardner, Wendy C., M. Anne Naeth, Klaas Broersma, David S. Chanasyk, and Allen M. Jobson. "Influence of biosolids and fertilizer amendments on element concentrations and revegetation of copper mine tailings." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-005.

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Gardner, W. C., Naeth, M. A., Broersma, K., Chanasyk, D. S. and Jobson, A. M. 2012. Influence of biosolids and fertilizer amendments on element concentrations and revegetation of copper mine tailings. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 89–102. A 3-yr field study on copper mine tailings in British Columbia determined the effects of fertilizer and biosolids on element concentrations in tailings and vegetation and on plant biomass. Biosolids applied at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Mg ha−1(dry weight) increased total carbon, iron, magnesium, nickel, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and zinc and available ammonium, iron, manganese, nitrate, phosphorus and zinc in tailings. With highest applications on silt loam tailings, total zinc (214 mg kg−1) exceeded Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment guidelines for agricultural soils. Total chromium and copper exceeded these guidelines but not due to biosolids, being high in controls (chromium 38, 8; copper 647, 1291 mg kg−1; silt loam and sandy sites, respectively). Plant tissue calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen and zinc increased with increasing biosolids. Plant tissue calcium (20 g kg−1) and molybdenum (5 mg kg−1) exceeded National Research Council maximums for beef cattle. Total molybdenum in unamended silt loam (35 mg kg−1) and sandy tailings (18 mg kg−1) and vegetation on silt loam (112 mg kg−1) were high. Biosolids had variable effects on tailings molybdenum and decreased total plant tissue molybdenum. Fertilizer and control treatments had limited plant growth. Managed biosolids use in reclamation can ameliorate sites and facilitate vegetation establishment, with low environmental risk.

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Tan, Xin, Wei Guo Wu, Zhong Ming Wang, Xin Tan, and Hai Ying Liu. "Experimental Study on Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Minerals from Flotation Tailings in Copper-Molybdenum Mine." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.234.

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In this paper, the mineral processing experimental study on the flotation tailings which are stored in the tailings pond of a copper-molybdenum mine is conducted, with a large content of slimes and kaolinite in the tailings and the fine particle sizes and poor locked particles of most of valuable minerals disseminated in the gangue minerals taken into consideration. Based on the mineralogical characteristics of the ore, a combined process is adopted in order to recover copper, molybdenum, sulfur and iron minerals from the ore, this process contains a series of steps in a particular sequence, which are pre-desliming of the ore, bulk flotation of copper and molybdenum of the coarse fraction, separation of Cu-Mo, separating sulfur from bulk flotation tailings and low-intensity magnetic separation of iron from sulfur flotation tailings. The results of the closed circuit test show that it can be obtained copper concentrate with a Cu grade of 20.61% and a recovery rate of 28.52%, molybdenum concentrate with a Mo grade of 36.00% (containing 20% C) and a recovery rate of 43.35%, sulfur concentrate with a S grade of 35.66% and a recovery rate of 42.58%, and iron concentrate with a Fe grade of 68.40% and a recovery rate of 6.85% (75% of phase recovery of magnetite).

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Lam, Elizabeth J., Brian F. Keith, Ítalo L. Montofré, and María E. Gálvez. "Copper Uptake by Adesmia atacamensis in a Mine Tailing in an Arid Environment." Air, Soil and Water Research 11 (January 2018): 117862211881246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622118812462.

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This work evaluates the potential of Adesmia atacamensis, an endemic species from the North of Chile, in phytoremediation processes of copper mining tailings. The selection of this species was based on the fact that its presence was found in 4 copper mining companies that are close to each other, its endemic quality, and its great capacity to adapt to the adverse climatic conditions of the sector of the project, characterized by having a semi-arid climate. In the experiment, the concentrations of 5 metals of environmental connotation for the country’s mining were measured: Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Zn; however, given the small concentrations in Cd, these could not be measured by the team. The applied experimental design quantified the variation of bioconcentration and translocation factors (BCF and TF) for the following treatments: (1) tailing control without amendment (T0), (2) tailing plus 4% CaCO3 + 3% vermicompost (VC), and (3) tailing + 8% CaCO3 + 6% VC. In addition, for treatments T1 and T2 (T0 was not considered as it is the control treatment), the following levels of mycorrhiza were considered: 0, 10, 15, and 20 g m−2. The Baker and Brooks criteria and the BCF were used to evaluate the species as hyperaccumulators. Regarding the first criterion, high concentrations of copper were found in the shoots (shoots) of the specimens, which generally exceeded 1000 mg kg−1, with an average of 1513 mg kg−1, which allowed classifying the species as a copper hyperaccumulator; however, when compared with the BCF criterion, given that all the values were less than 1, they indicated that the species was an excluder of all the evaluated metals. Given the high concentrations of metals in the tailings, in this work, the plant has been considered as a hyperaccumulator of copper. Another indicator was the TF, which, for all experiments, resulted in a value greater than 1 for Fe, Pb, and Zn, which shows that A atacamensis translocates effectively these metals from the roots toward the aerial part and, therefore, presents the potential to accumulate metals in the aerial part. Regarding the treatments carried out, no significant impact was detected.

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Hansen, Henrik K., Victor Lamas, Claudia Gutierrez, Patricio Nuñez, Adrian Rojo, Claudio Cameselle, and Lisbeth M. Ottosen. "Electro-remediation of copper mine tailings. Comparing copper removal efficiencies for two tailings of different age." Minerals Engineering 41 (February 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.10.002.

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Gardic, Vojka, Jelena Petrovic, Lidija Djurdjevac-Ignjatovic, Srdjan Kolakovic, and Svetlana Vujovic. "Impact assessment of mine drainage water and municipal wastewater on the surface water in the vicinity of Bor." Chemical Industry 69, no. 2 (2015): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind140128031g.

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Mining and copper production in Bor, in the past hundred years, had a huge impact on the environment of town, but also in a wide region. In the area of Bor, in the zone of Mining and Smelting Company (RTB) activity, over 29,000 ha of land under forests and fields is degraded. The area of degraded agricultural land in the Bor municipality is over 60% of total agricultural land. Wastewater, generated in the sites of RTB Bor, pollute the Bor River and Krivelj River, which still flow into the Timok River and Danube River. These pollutions are often presented by low pH value, increased content of heavy metal ions, suspended particles and fine particles of flotation tailings, which is deposited in the valleys of these rivers on the area of over 2000 hectares. During the decades of exploitation of ore from the open pit Bor at different locations ("Visoki Planir" - also called ?Ostreljski planir?, "Severni planir" dump of ore body "H" (RTH)) gangue and tailings were delayed. The largest amount of tailings, about 150 million tons, was postponed on location Visoki planir. The effect of the mining waste and the impact of the whole process of processing copper ore to the final products on the environment, was conducted during the 4th study period of the project "Management of mining waste-tailing dump in the Bor region," supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion Science (Eng. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) and the Japan international cooperation Agency and the Ministry of environment, Mining and Spatial planning of the Republic of Serbia. Influence of season on the level of pollutants in soil and water, the impact on water quality in the river Timok and the River Danube, was conducted during first three periods of project. This paper presents the results of the third study period. The third period of research, which was conducted over a period of 17. 10. 2012 to 17. 01.2013 year, included a review of pollution sources and define their impact on the environment. The study included the following sources of pollution: mining waste and drainage water originating from the active mine (Bor pit , field 1 Krivelj large tailings, flotation tailings in Bor RTH, metallurgical water), as well as the drainage water from the flotation tailings, which are no longer in operation (field 2 flotation tailings Great Krivelj, drainage water from the old Bor flotation tailings), the old inactive landfill mine gangue (Saraka landfill, Veliki planir - tailings from the old Bor mine, landfill mine gangue from mine RTH) and the city - urban waste water, which are discharged without treatment directly into the watercourse Bor River. Wastewater directly pollute Bor River and Krivalj River.

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Yanful, Ernest K., and Ajay Verma. "Oxidation of flooded mine tailings due to resuspension." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 5 (November 23, 1999): 826–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-044.

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Laboratory experiments were performed to assess the contribution of resuspension to the oxidation of pyrrhotite mine tailings flooded with a shallow water cover (up to 80 cm). Resuspension was produced by a paddle rotated at prescribed speeds in the water cover. The quality of the water cover was monitored over a 126 day period and the results were compared to the case where the tailings were kept still (no resuspension). The results showed that resuspended tailings oxidized considerably more than tailings at rest. The pH and dissolved oxygen concentration of the stirred water covers were 2.6 and 14 times lower, respectively, than those of the static water covers where there was no resuspension. Sulphate production increased by about 26-64 times, while the release of metals such as zinc, copper, and nickel was 1020, 318, and 138 times greater, respectively. The suspended tailings were finer and had lower pyrrhotite content at the end of the experiments than the tailings at rest and the original tailings. Tailings oxidation and metal release increased with increasing stirrer speed and decreasing depth of water cover. These findings pertain to laboratory conditions and the water-quality data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the field, except in a general sense. Key words: acid generation, oxygen flux, mass transfer, precipitation, ripples, hydraulic sorting.

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BERNARDEZ, L. A., L. R. P. DE ANDRADE LIMA, and L. E. L. DE OLIVEIRA. "BIOLEACHING OF COPPER FROM CARAIBA MINE ORE (BRAZIL)." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.281.

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The bioleaching of copper ore from the Caraiba Mine was assessed. A microorganism, Acidiothiobacillus ferrooxidans, was isolated from samples collected directly in acid mining drainage in a gold mine tailings pound and used in the bioleaching of the copper sulfide ore. This ore is composed mainly of 28% of oxidized species, 43% of secondary sulfides and 24% of primary sulfide. The shaking flasks experiments with the Caraiba ore showed copper chemical leaching of about 37% and copper bioleaching of about 60% within 60 days at low temperature and native microorganism.

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Stanojlović, Rodoljub D., and Jovica M. Sokolović. "A Study of the Optimal Model of the Flotation Kinetics of Copper Slag from Copper Mine BOR." Archives of Mining Sciences 59, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0057.

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Abstract In this study the effect of mixtures of copper slag and flotation tailings from copper mine Bor, Serbia on the flotation results of copper recovery and flotation kinetics parameters in a batch flotation cell has been investigated. By simultaneous adding old flotation tailings in the ball mill at the rate of 9%, it is possible to increase copper recovery for about 20%. These results are compared with obtained copper recovery of pure copper slag. The results of batch flotation test were fitted by MatLab software for modeling the first-order flotation kinetics in order to determine kinetics parameters and define an optimal model of the flotation kinetics. Six kinetic models are tested on the batch flotation copper recovery against flotation time. All models showed good correlation, however the modified Kelsall model provided the best fit.

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Rogers, M. T., S. A. Bengson, and T. L. Thompson. "RECLAMATION OF ACIDIC COPPER MINE TAILINGS USING MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1998, no. 1 (1998): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr98010085.

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Kramer, P. A., D. Zabowski, R. L. Everett, and G. Scherer. "NATIVE PLANT RESTORATION OF BIOSOLIDS-AMENDED COPPER MINE TAILINGS." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1998, no. 1 (1998): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr98010092.

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35

Peng, Yunyan, and Dong Jin. "Screening Tests of Copper Mine Tailings Flocculation with Polyacrylamide." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 371 (December 13, 2019): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/371/4/042004.

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Shamsai, Abolfazl, Ali Pak, S. Mohyeddin Bateni, and S. Amir Hossein Ayatollahi. "Geotechnical Characteristics of Copper Mine Tailings: A Case Study." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 25, no. 5 (July 18, 2007): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-007-9132-9.

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37

Rojo, Adrián, and Luis Cubillos. "Electrodialytic remediation of copper mine tailings using bipolar electrodes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 168, no. 2-3 (September 2009): 1177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.166.

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Hargreaves, Jennifer, Alan Lock, Peter Beckett, Graeme Spiers, Bryan Tisch, Lisa Lanteigne, Tamara Posadowski, and Michael Soenens. "Suitability of an organic residual cover on tailings for bioenergy crop production: A preliminary assessment." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-056.

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Hargreaves, J., Lock, A., Beckett, P., Spiers, G. A., Tisch, B, Lanteigne, L., Posadowski, T. and Soenens, M. 2012. Suitability of an organic residual cover on tailings for bioenergy crop production: A preliminary assessment. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 203–211. To test the potential for production of bioenergy crops, such as canola and corn, an organic cover was constructed over acid-producing mine tailings containing nickel and copper, belonging to Vale in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The 1 m deep cover was of organic residuals (biosolids) obtained from a regional paper mill. Corn and canola crops were successfully grown using agricultural techniques. Crop yields from each of 2 yr from the tailings site were greater than those obtained at an agricultural site in the region. Root, shoot and grain analyses indicated low potential for bioaccumulation of potentially hazardous metals from the organic residual cover or the underlying tailings. Over the short term, there was no evidence of metal movement into the biosolids cover or uptake by the crops from the underlying tailing deposits. Importantly, canola seeds and corn kernels, the feedstocks for biodiesel and ethanol biofuels production, did not accumulate environmentally sensitive metals. This preliminary study demonstrates that the placement of an organic residuals cover on mine tailings to support growth of bioenergy crops is a potential novel reclamation strategy for the mining and smelting industry, or for industrial brownfields in general.

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Wijewickreme, Dharma, Maria V. Sanin, and Graham R. Greenaway. "Cyclic shear response of fine-grained mine tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-058.

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The mechanical response of three different types of fine-grained mine tailings is examined using data from constant-volume cyclic direct simple shear (DSS) tests. Under cyclic DSS loading, fine-grained tailings typically exhibit a cumulative decrease in effective stress along with progressive degradation of shear stiffness. The observed shear strain development due to cyclic mobility is similar in form to that of the previously observed cyclic shear response for natural silts. The cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of laterite tailings is observed to increase with an increase in the initial effective confining stress (σ′vc). For this material, the dilative tendency due to stress densification seems to have overridden the contractive tendency due to the increase in confining stress. In contrast, the CRR of coppergoldzinc tailings is insensitive to the initial effective confining stress, suggesting a response similar to that of normally consolidated clay. The postcyclic maximum shear strength ratio (Su-PC /σ′vc) obtained from constant-volume monotonic DSS tests is noted to increase with a decrease in the void ratio. For the fine-grained tailings considered in this study, the liquefaction susceptibility predicted using commonly used empirical criteria is not always in agreement with the liquefaction triggering determined from cyclic DSS tests.Key words: tailings, liquefaction, cyclic stress ratio, postcyclic shear strength, direct simple shear testing.

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Sokic, Miroslav, Dragana Radovanovic, Branislav Markovic, Jovica Stojanovic, Zeljko Kamberovic, Nela Petronijevic, and Srdjan Stankovic. "Treatment of the acidic effluent from a copper smelter by flotation tailings." Chemical Industry 73, no. 2 (2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind181009010s.

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Since commissioning in 1961, the copper mine Majdanpek, a part of the Mining and Smelting Complex Bor (RTB Bor), produced approximately 378 million tons of flotation tailings. Semi-quantitative mineralogical analysis of the flotation tailings revealed significant content of carbonate minerals (approximately 20-25 %), indicating high acid neutralization capacity. Also, approximately 70 % of copper is in the form of the oxide mineral cuprite (Cu2O). Copper can be easily leached from cuprite by using sulphuric acid. The RTB Bor copper smelter generates 8.7 m3h-1 of extremely acidic waste effluent (142.4 kgm-3 of sulphuric acid, pH -0.464) with relatively high concentrations of dissolved metals and metalloids (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb and As). The effluent is currently treated with hydrated lime. The present study focused on application of flotation tailings as a neutralizing agent for acidic effluents. Laboratory experiments followed by computer simulation of the industrial process showed that 99% of the acid can be neutralized with flotation tailings in a series of six reactors resulting in the final copper concentration of 1.55 gL-1. Benefits of the proposed process are: lower environmental impact of the process and reduced costs of neutralization of the acidic effluent from the copper smelter.

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Woodall, Caleb M., Xueya Lu, Gregory Dipple, and Jennifer Wilcox. "Carbon Mineralization with North American PGM Mine Tailings—Characterization and Reactivity Analysis." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080844.

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Global efforts to combat climate change call for methods to capture and store CO2. Meanwhile, the global transition away from fossil energy will result in increased production of tailings (i.e., wastes) from the mining of nickel and platinum group metals (PGMs). Through carbon mineralization, CO2 can be permanently stored in calcium- and magnesium-bearing mine tailings. The Stillwater mine in Nye, Montana produces copper, nickel, and PGMs, along with 1 Mt of tailings each year. Stillwater tailings samples have been characterized, revealing that they contain a variety of mineral phases, most notably Ca-bearing plagioclase feldspar. Increases in inorganic carbon in the tailings and ion concentration in the tailings storage facilities suggest carbonation has taken place at ambient conditions over time within the tailings storage facilities. Two experiments were performed to simulate carbon mineralization at ambient temperature and pressure with elevated CO2 concentration (10% with N2), revealing that less than 1% of the silicate-bound calcium within the tailings is labile, or easily released from silicate structures at low-cost ambient conditions. The Stillwater tailings could be useful for developing strategies of waste management as production of nickel and PGM minerals increases during the global transition away from fossil energy, but further work is needed to develop a process that can realize their full carbon storage potential.

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Zepeda, Víctor J., Ivan Nancucheo, Milton Guillen, Enrique Becerra, Camila Escuti, Dina Cautivo, Daniella González, C. Colipai, Cecilia Demergasso, and Pedro A. Galleguillos. "Biological Production of Copper Sulfide Concentrate from Flotation Tailings and Low Grade Ore." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.202.

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Flotation tailings are hazardous due to physical and chemical instability and are currently considered one of the main pollution concerns of mining industry. Most of these tailings are fine-grained residues with low copper content (0.1-0.8%) and include toxic compounds, such as heavy metals, arsenic, and flotation reagents, among others. Another hazard is the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) due to biological oxidation of tailings. On the other hand, low-grade ore is challenging the mining industry to commercially produce copper.The main objective of this work was to assess the use of flotation tailings and low-grade ore to produce a biologically-produced copper sulfide, as a product for further pyrometallurgical or fine chemistry processing. Low-grade ore and flotation tailings were first agglomerated at different proportions and leaching tests were performed in 1m columns, using either industrial or synthetic raffinate solution. Then, the PLS solution obtained from the column tests was subjected to selective precipitation of copper by using biogenic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated by a mixed culture of neutrophilic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), enriched from sediments of Caracarani river (located at 4,600 m over sea level in northern Chile).Over 91% of the copper soluble present in the PLS was recovered as copper sulfide in 28 days, while ferrous iron, other metals and arsenic remained in solution. Analysis performed by XRD confirmed the presence of copper in the precipitate (58% as covellite). This work demonstrates the possibility to apply bioleaching and bio-precipitation technologies to treat tailings and low-grade copper ore to produce a high quality copper sulfide.

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Hampsheir, P. R. "Design and Construction of the Nchanga Copper Tailings Leach Plant Stage 3." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 201, no. 2 (May 1987): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_011_02.

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The Nchanga Division of Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited (ZCCM), the largest producing copper mine in the Commonwealth, has recently commissioned a new plant for reprocessing copper rich tailings. The tailings, some 140 million tonnes in total, are stored in large paddock dams. This paper records the problems and successes involved in completing the design, procurement and construction of the project, on time and ten per cent below budget. Design and project management was by Zambia Engineering Services Limited in Ashford, Kent, a subsidiary of ZCCM, and project funding was from a consortium of international hanks, export credit agencies and development organizations. The subjects dealt with include process design, project capital and funding, management, design and the use of models, estimating and cost control, planning, purchasing and procurement, construction and commissioning. The paper also highlights the problems associated with funding a new project of this type in the Third World in a depressed metals market, and the role of engineering in overcoming financial delays and transport problems. Commissioning started in April 1986 and the plant is now coming up to full production with a few, but not unexpected, problems bearing in mind the size and complexity of the plant. With the addition of stage 3 to the tailings leach plant at Nchanga throughput of ore is increased from 850 000 tonnes/month to 1500 000 tonnes/month and copper output by 40 000 tonnes/annum for a total cost of $250 M.

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Wang, Yong, Aixiang Wu, Zhuen Ruan, Hongjiang Wang, Yiming Wang, and Fei Jin. "Temperature Effects on Rheological Properties of Fresh Thickened Copper Tailings that Contain Cement." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5082636.

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Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is an economic and environmental friendly technique applied in underground mining for supporting surrounding rock and replacing the pillar. However, little is known about the temperature effects on CPB in mines having a large temperature fluctuation. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of temperature change on the rheological properties (e.g., shear stress and apparent viscosity) of CPB with copper mine tailings. Specifically, a series of rheological tests were conducted on 6 CPB samples using a Brookfield R/S+ Rheometer under various temperatures (2°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 60°C). Our results showed that both shear stress and apparent viscosity of these tailing samples increased with temperature rising from 2 to 60°C. Likewise, temperature has a significant impact on the Bingham yield stress of thickened tailings. The yield stress decreased from 122 Pa (2°C) to 112 Pa (20°C) and then increased to 152 Pa (60°C). Moreover, the pipeline transport pressure drop of CPB at various temperatures was calculated, illustrating an obvious effect on the paste pipeline transport. Compared with 20°C, the pressure drop under 2°C and 60°C increased by 11% and 22%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the temperature plays an essential role in determining rheological properties of CPB and its engineering application in mines particularly with naturally fluctuating temperatures.

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Pedersen, Thomas F. "Early diagenesis of copper and molybdenum in mine tailings and natural sediments in Rupert and Holberg inlets, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-153.

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The distribution and behaviour of Cu and Mo in interstitial waters collected from Cu- and Mo-rich mine tailings and natural sediments in Rupert and Holberg inlets (Vancouver Island, British Columbia) are discussed. Dissolved Fe, Mn, [Formula: see text], and Σ H2S distributions and solid-phase Cu, Mo, Mn, and organic carbon data are used to constrain the interpretation of Cu and Mo diagenesis in both tailings and natural sediment facies. Cu is released to solution at or near the sediment–water interface in both facies either by decomposing labile organic material or as a probable result of oxidation of sulphide minerals within the tailings. Mo is significantly enriched (up to 0.6 μmol L−1) in tailings pore water, probably as a result of dissolution of soluble Mo oxides produced initially by oxidation of MoS2 during milling of the ore.In natural sediments, both Cu and Mo are removed from solution at depth, probably by precipitation as their sulphides or in solid solution with an iron sulphide phase. Similar reactions appear to be occurring at depth in the tailings. The benthic flux of copper from the tailings into overlying seawater is similar in magnitude to that observed in natural sediments; there is no indication from the present data that remobilization of copper from the tailings is perturbing the pre-mine Cu distribution in Rupert Inlet. Unlike that of Cu, the benthic flux of Mo is unique to the tailings but is insufficient to produce a measureable anomaly in inlet waters because of the short water residence time and the relatively high Mo concentration characteristic of seawater.

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Dozic, Stevan, Matilda Djukic, Grozdanka Bogdanovic, Rodoljub Stanojlovic, Sara Lukic, Danijela Djunisijevic-Bojovic, and Ivana Bjedov. "New approach to the reclamation of the old flotation tailings in Bor." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 101 (2010): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1001035d.

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The old flotation tailings of the Bor copper mine have not been reclaimed for several decades, although it is a serious threat to the environment, especially to some parts of the town. To date, there have been no efficacious attempts of solving the problem by indirect rehabilitation, only several cases of direct reclamation. This paper presents some results of the experiment established on a part of the tailings in the vicinity of the town, where various variants of meliorated and sterile substrates were applied in the biological reclamation with several tree and grass species. The analysis shows that, in the rehabilitation of sterile substrate of the copper mine, it is possible to grow several woody species. The best results were achieved by the species that were planted in the fertile soil layer on the sterile copper mine substrate, and on the mixture of soil and waste. Among the woody species, Robinia pseudoaccacia, Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus showed the best survival percent, growth, and physiological vitality and the poorest were spruce and common oak.

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Mun, Yulia, Sabina Strmić Palinkaš, Matthias Forwick, Juho Junttila, Kristine Bondo Pedersen, Beata Sternal, Kai Neufeld, Darko Tibljaš, and Kåre Kullerud. "Stability of Cu-Sulfides in Submarine Tailing Disposals: A Case Study from Repparfjorden, Northern Norway." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020169.

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Mine tailings that were produced during the exploitation of the Ulveryggen siliciclastic sediment-hosted Cu deposit in northern Norway were disposed into the inner part of Repparfjorden from 1972 to 1978/1979. This study focuses on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the submarine mine tailings and underlying natural marine sediments from the inner part of Repparfjorden, as well as on the primary Ulveryggen ore. The ore mineralization from the neighboring Nussir carbonate sediment-hosted Cu deposit was studied too, due to the forthcoming mining of both deposits. Bornite and chalcopyrite are the major Cu-sulfides, and are characterized by low concentrations of potentially toxic elements including Cd, Hg, and As. The tailing material occupies the uppermost 9 cm of Repparfjorden sediments. It is characterized by predomination of a silty component with elevated Cu (up to 747.7 ppm), Ni (up to 87 ppm), and Cr (up to 417 ppm) concentrations. The high Cu concentration is related to the deposition of mine tailings. In contrast, Ni and Cr concentrations are close to those in naturally occurring stream sediments from the feeding river, Repparfjordelva, reflecting the compatibility of these elements with hosting mafic volcanics, which are widely spread in the Repparfjord Tectonic Window. Copper in the uppermost part of the sediments is bound to the acid-soluble fraction while Ni and Cr are bound to the residual fraction. Artificial placement of large masses of fine-grained material, i.e., smothering, resulted in a diminished biological activity and/or physical distortion of mostly benthic fauna, which was reflected in total organic carbon (TOC) values as low as 0.15% in the uppermost strata. Sulfide minerals are found both in natural marine sediments and in the mine tailings. They are generally well-preserved with an exception for chalcopyrite from the uppermost part of the submarine tailing, which shows signs of incipient weathering. Thermodynamic modeling confirmed that redox potential and pH are important factors in the weathering of sulfides. Available ligands contribute to the Cu speciation. In near-neutral to slightly alkaline conditions a presence of carbonates can lead to the mobilization of Cu in form of CuCO3 complexes.

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Grieco, Giovanni, Agim Sinojmeri, Micol Bussolesi, Giuseppe Cocomazzi, and Alessandro Cavallo. "Environmental Impact Variability of Copper Tailing Dumps in Fushe Arrez (Northern Albania): The Role of Pyrite Separation during Flotation." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179643.

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Acid mine drainage and potentially toxic elements release are a major source of pollution in sulfide-rich mining sites. Pyrite is the most impacting mineral due to its high acidification potential when it reacts with water under oxidizing conditions. At the Fushe Arrez dressing plant in Northern Albania, a volcanic massive sulfide copper mining district, pyrite was in past separated, with a double flotation process, to produce a pyrite concentrate and relatively-pyrite-poor tailings. In the last twenty years single flotation has replaced the double flotation process and pyrite has been deposited in pyrite-rich tailings stacked separately from the old ones. The study of the solid tailing materials and natural waters flowing through the dumping area, together with leaching tests show that waters interacting with single flotation tailings are slightly more acidic and much higher in total metal contents than those interacting with double flotation tailings. Also, the metal distribution is different, with the former being higher in sulfide-hosted metals and the latter higher in gangue-hosted metals. It is thus suggested that separation of pyrite can play an important role in the sustainable mining of pyrite-rich ores, either for dumping high hazardous pyrite concentrate separately or for marketing it as a by-product. An implementation of studies for the industrial uses of pyrite is pivotal in this last case.

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Thompson, Thomas L., Mark Wald-Hopkins, and Scott A. White. "RECLAMATION OF COPPER MINE TAILINGS USING BIOSOLIDS AND GREEN WASTE." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2001, no. 1 (2001): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr01010492.

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GUO, Yao-guang, Peng HUANG, Wu-gang ZHANG, Xue-wu YUAN, Feng-xia FAN, Huan-li WANG, Jian-she LIU, and Zhao-hui WANG. "Leaching of heavy metals from Dexing copper mine tailings pond." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23, no. 10 (October 2013): 3068–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(13)62835-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper mine tailings'

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