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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper radionuclides'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Stephan, Holger, Ralf Bergmann, Jörg Steinbach, Leone Spiccia, and Peter Comba. "Versatile new bifunctional chelators for copper radionuclides." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 37, no. 6 (August 2010): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.086.

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2

Blower, Philip J., Jason S. Lewis, and Jamal Zweit. "Copper radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 23, no. 8 (November 1996): 957–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(96)00130-8.

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3

Cai, Zhengxin, and Carolyn J. Anderson. "Chelators for copper radionuclides in positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 57, no. 4 (December 18, 2013): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3165.

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4

Follacchio, Giulia Anna, Maria Silvia De Feo, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Francesco Monteleone, and Mauro Liberatore. "Radiopharmaceuticals Labelled with Copper Radionuclides: Clinical Results in Human Beings." Current Radiopharmaceuticals 11, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471011666171211161851.

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5

Nakamura, Takashi, Tohru Ohkubo, and Yoshimoto Uwamino. "Spatial distribution of radionuclides produced in copper by photonuclear spallation reactions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 256, no. 3 (May 1987): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(87)90294-4.

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6

McInnes, Lachlan E., Asif Noor, Peter D. Roselt, Catriona A. McLean, Jonathan M. White, and Paul S. Donnelly. "A Copper Complex of a Thiosemicarbazone-Pyridylhydrazone Ligand Containing a Vinylpyridine Functional Group as a Potential Imaging Agent for Amyloid-β Plaques." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 10 (2019): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19311.

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Complexes containing positron-emitting radionuclides of copper have the potential to be of use for diagnostic imaging with positron emission tomography. Alzheimer’s disease is characterised by the presence of amyloid-β plaques in the brain. A new thiosemicarbazone-pyridyl hydrazone tetradentate ligand with a pyridyl-4-vinylpyridine functional group was prepared with the aim of making a copper complex that binds to amyloid-β plaques to assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. The ligand forms a charge neutral complex with copper(ii) that was characterised by X-ray crystallography and the electrochemical behaviour of the complex was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The new ligand can be radiolabelled with positron-emitting copper-64 at room temperature in excellent radiochemical yields. The new complex interacts with synthetic amyloid-β fibrils and binds amyloid-β plaques present in post-mortem Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue.
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7

Idemitsu, Kazuya, Keisuke Yoshida, Yaohiro Inagaki, and Tatsumi Arima. "Migration Behavior of Copper in Compacted Bentonite Using Electromigration Techniques." MRS Advances 5, no. 3-4 (2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.55.

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ABSTRACTCopper is a candidate for use as an overpack material in deep underground nuclear waste disposal. Copper, however, is susceptible to corrosion following closure of the repository and migration of the corrosion products through the buffer material may affect the migration of redox-sensitive radionuclides. Electromigration experiments were performed whereby a copper coupon, which was in contact with compacted bentonite, served as the working electrode and was held at a constant potential of between +100 to +400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl electrode for up to 48 h. The amounts of copper that migrated into the bentonite specimens were found to be in good agreement with the calculated values based on the corrosion current flow for the assumption that copper underwent anodic dissolution as Cu(II). A model based on dispersion and electromigration was able to explain the measured copper profiles in the bentonite specimens. The fitted values of the dispersion coefficient did not depend on the applied potential and were about 10-12 m2/s.
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8

ANTONIOU, Z. K., M. DASSENAKIS, D. PANAGOPOULOS, and E. SOFOULI. "Copper and manganese in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) tissues in the Mediterranean." Mediterranean Marine Science 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2004): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.215.

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The natural radionuclides 238U ,234Th, 40K and the main man-made 137Cs, have been studied inMytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) sampled in the Thermaikos gulf – North Aegean Sea, considered as a bioindicator for radiological assessment in the Mediterranean. The ratio 234U/238U has also been determined. In terms of 137Cs, the activity concentrations in seawater from the studied area have been measured as well, and the concentration factors of 137Cs in Mytilus galloprovincialis are given as a parameter of the organism response to radioactive pollution.
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9

Pupillo, Gaia, Liliana Mou, Petra Martini, Micòl Pasquali, Alessandra Boschi, Gianfranco Cicoria, Adriano Duatti, Férid Haddad, and Juan Esposito. "Production of 67Cu by enriched 70Zn targets: first measurements of formation cross sections of 67Cu, 64Cu, 67Ga, 66Ga, 69mZn and 65Zn in interactions of 70Zn with protons above 45 MeV." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 8 (August 27, 2020): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3199.

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AbstractDespite its insufficient availability, Copper-67 is currently attracting much attention for its enormous potential for cancer therapy as theranostic radionuclide. This work aims to accurately measure the unexplored cross section 70Zn(p,x)67Cu in the energy range 45–70 MeV and to evaluate its potential advantages in the case of high-intensity proton beams provided by compact cyclotrons. Thin target foils of enriched 70Zn were manufactured by lamination at the INFN-LNL and irradiated at the ARRONAX facility using the stacked-foils method. A radiochemical procedure for the separation of Cu, Ga and Zn contaminants and the isolation of 67Cu from the irradiated material was developed. The efficiency of the chemical processing was determined for each foil by monitoring the activity of selected tracer radionuclides (61Cu, 66Ga and 69mZn) through γ-spectrometry. Experimental data of the 70Zn(p,x)67Cu, 64Cu, 67Ga, 66Ga, 69mZn, 65Zn cross sections were measured for the first time in the energy range 45–70 MeV and compared with the theoretical results obtained by using the TALYS code. The 67Cu production yield by using enriched 70Zn thick targets was compared with the results obtained by using 68Zn targets in the same irradiation conditions.
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10

Rollog, Mark, Nigel J. Cook, Paul Guagliardo, Kathy Ehrig, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, and Matt Kilburn. "Detection of Trace Elements/Isotopes in Olympic Dam Copper Concentrates by nanoSIMS." Minerals 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060336.

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Many analytical techniques for trace element analysis are available to the geochemist and geometallurgist to understand and, ideally, quantify the distribution of trace and minor components in a mineral deposit. Bulk trace element data are useful, but do not provide information regarding specific host minerals—or lack thereof, in cases of surface adherence or fracture fill—for each element. The CAMECA nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometer (nanoSIMS) 50 and 50L instruments feature ultra-low minimum detection limits (to parts-per-billion) and sub-micron spatial resolution, a combination not found in any other analytical platform. Using ore and copper concentrate samples from the Olympic Dam mining-processing operation, South Australia, we demonstrate the application of nanoSIMS to understand the mineralogical distribution of potential by-product and detrimental elements. Results show previously undetected mineral host assemblages and elemental associations, providing geochemists with insight into mineral formation and elemental remobilization—and metallurgists with critical information necessary for optimizing ore processing techniques. Gold and Te may be seen associated with brannerite, and Ag prefers chalcocite over bornite. Rare earth elements may be found in trace quantities in fluorapatite and fluorite, which may report to final concentrates as entrained liberated or gangue-sulfide composite particles. Selenium, As, and Te reside in sulfides, commonly in association with Pb, Bi, Ag, and Au. Radionuclide daughters of the 238U decay chain may be located using nanoSIMS, providing critical information on these trace components that is unavailable using other microanalytical techniques. These radionuclides are observed in many minerals but seem particularly enriched in uranium minerals, some phosphates and sulfates, and within high surface area minerals. The nanoSIMS has proven a valuable tool in determining the spatial distribution of trace elements and isotopes in fine-grained copper ore, providing researchers with crucial evidence needed to answer questions of ore formation, ore alteration, and ore processing.
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11

Gordon, D. T., A. S. Leinart, and R. J. Cousins. "Portal copper transport in rats by albumin." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 252, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): E327—E333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.252.3.e327.

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The distribution of newly absorbed copper among serum proteins obtained from the portal circulation of rats was examined by conventional and high-performance gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography, and Western blotting. Within 10–30 min after being administered by gavage or directly into the intestine, 67Cu and 64Cu, respectively, were recovered in the albumin fraction. By 8 h after administration of the radionuclides, virtually all of the radioactivity was found with ceruloplasmin. Affigel blue fractionation and subsequent Superose-6 chromatography further demonstrated that all of the copper in the albumin-containing fractions was in fact bound to this protein rather than high molecular weight moieties. Vascular perfusion of the isolated rat intestine, where 64Cu was infused into the lumen, showed that newly absorbed 64Cu in the vascular perfusate collected from the cannulated portal vein was associated with albumin. Uptake of radioactivity by isolated rat liver parenchymal cells from medium containing rat serum with 67Cu bound to albumin was demonstrated. In vitro binding of 64Cu to serum proteins that were transferred to nitrocellulose by Western blotting techniques showed that albumin is essentially the only protein that binds appreciable amounts of copper. The data suggest that albumin is the plasma protein that is responsible for the initial transport of copper after absorption.
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12

Borgna, Francesca, Michele Ballan, Chiara Favaretto, Marco Verona, Marianna Tosato, Michele Caeran, Stefano Corradetti, et al. "Early Evaluation of Copper Radioisotope Production at ISOLPHARM." Molecules 23, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102437.

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The ISOLPHARM (ISOL technique for radioPHARMaceuticals) project is dedicated to the development of high purity radiopharmaceuticals exploiting the radionuclides producible with the future Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN-LNL). At SPES, a proton beam (up to 70 MeV) extracted from a cyclotron will directly impinge a primary target, where the produced isotopes are released thanks to the high working temperatures (2000 °C), ionized, extracted and accelerated, and finally, after mass separation, only the desired nuclei are collected on a secondary target, free from isotopic contaminants that decrease their specific activity. A case study for such project is the evaluation of the feasibility of the ISOL production of 64Cu and 67Cu using a zirconium germanide target, currently under development. The producible activities of 64Cu and 67Cu were calculated by means of the Monte Carlo code FLUKA, whereas dedicated off-line tests with stable beams were performed at LNL to evaluate the capability to ionize and recover isotopically pure copper.
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13

Zeng, Dexing, Qin Ouyang, Zhengxin Cai, Xiang-Qun Xie, and Carolyn J. Anderson. "New cross-bridged cyclam derivative CB-TE1K1P, an improved bifunctional chelator for copper radionuclides." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 1 (2014): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc45928d.

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14

Aleksandrov, V. N., M. P. Semenova, and V. G. Semenov. "Production cross section of radionuclides in (p, x) reactions at copper and nickel nuclei." Soviet Atomic Energy 62, no. 6 (June 1987): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01124118.

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15

Ikotun, Oluwatayo F., and Suzanne E. Lapi. "The rise of metal radionuclides in medical imaging: copper-64, zirconium-89 and yttrium-86." Future Medicinal Chemistry 3, no. 5 (April 2011): 599–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.11.14.

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16

Pietzsch, H. J., T. David, V. Hlinova, V. Kubicek, R. Bergmann, and H. Permann. "Bifunctional cyclam derivatives with a bis(phosphinate) pendant arm as efficient chelators for copper radionuclides." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 72-73 (July 2019): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(19)30298-7.

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17

Takács, S., F. Tárkányi, B. Király, A. Hermanne, and M. Sonck. "Evaluated activation cross sections of longer-lived radionuclides produced by deuteron-induced reactions on natural copper." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 251, no. 1 (September 2006): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.06.007.

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18

Usman, Ahmed Rufai, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Hiromitsu Haba, Naohiko Otuka, Masashi Murakami, and Yukiko Komori. "Production cross-sections of radionuclides from α-induced reactions on natural copper up to 50 MeV." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 114 (August 2016): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.027.

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19

Khue, Pham Duc, Nguyen Van Do, and Le Tuan Anh. "Cross Sections for the \(^{nat}\)Zr\((p,xn)^{89,90}\)Nb Reactions Induced by 27.7 MeV Protons." Communications in Physics 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2015): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/25/3/6759.

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The cross-sections for the formation of \(^{89}\)Nb and \(^{90}\)Nb radionuclides in proton induced nuclear reactions on zirconium were measured by using the well known activation method. The natural zirconium (\(^{nat}\)Zr) target and copper (\(^{nat}\)Cu) monitor foils were irradiated by 27.7 MeV proton beam at the MC50 Cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Korea. The induced gamma activities of the reaction products were measured by a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a PC-based multichannel analyzer. The obtained cross sections for each nuclide are compared with those existing in literature and with the theoretical cross sections calculated by the TALYS - 1.4 code.
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20

Taseska, Milena, Petre Makreski, Vekoslava Stibilj, Radojko Jaćimović, Trajče Stafilov, and Gligor Jovanovski. "Determination of trace elements in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) by k0-instrumental neutron activation analysis after matrix elements removal." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27, no. 2 (December 15, 2008): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2008.234.

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A method for trace elements determination in chalcopyrite, CuFeS2, by k0-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k0-INAA) was proposed. To avoid the interference of iron and copper as matrix elements, methods for their separation were applied. The copper interferences were eliminated by applying an electrolytic separation method. To eliminate iron interferences, a liquid-liquid extraction procedure by diisopropyl ether (DIPE) in hydrochloric acid solution and determination of trace elements in the aqueous phase were undertaken. The k0-INAA method was applied to determine the content of the investigated elements, making it possible to follow the distribution of even fifty elements (with intermediate/medium and long half-lived radionuclides) in the studied mineral. The important advantage of the proposed method is the possibility to determine the content of several trace elements after Fe and Cu separation. Additionally, the elimination of the matrix elements lowered the limit of detection for some trace elements in the water phase compared to their corresponding values determined by k0-INAA in the powder sample.
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21

Zeng, Dexing, Qin Ouyang, Zhengxin Cai, Xiang-Qun Xie, and Carolyn J. Anderson. "ChemInform Abstract: New Cross-Bridged Cyclam Derivative CB-TE1K1P (I), an Improved Bifunctional Chelator for Copper Radionuclides." ChemInform 45, no. 17 (April 10, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201417187.

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22

Roberts, Jeanette C., Sherri L. Newmyer, Janet A. Mercer-Smith, Sandra A. Schreyer, and David K. Lavallee. "Labeling antibodies with copper radionuclides using N-4-nitrobenzyl-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-sulfophenyl) porphine." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 40, no. 9 (January 1989): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(89)90096-8.

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23

Mills, S. J., G. F. Steyn, and F. M. Nortier. "Experimental and theoretical excitation functions of radionuclides produced in proton bombardment of copper up to 200 MeV." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 43, no. 8 (August 1992): 1019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(92)90221-y.

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24

Puranen, Anders, Alexandre Barreiro, Lena Z. Evins, and Kastriot Spahiu. "Spent Fuel Leaching in the Presence of Corroding Iron." MRS Advances 2, no. 12 (2017): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.679.

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ABSTRACTThe Swedish spent nuclear fuel canister design KBS-3 consists of a cylindrical copper shell surrounding an iron insert that holds the spent fuel. Like in most other canister designs the mass of iron constitutes the majority of the canister weight. In order for groundwater to access the spent fuel in a future repository the copper shell must fail and iron corrosion occur. Spent nuclear fuel dissolution will therefor likely proceed under conditions of simultaneous anoxic iron corrosion. The iron corrosion can likely suppress the spent fuel release by creation of strongly reducing conditions from Fe(II) formation and the generation of large quantities of hydrogen. Redox sensitive radionuclides may either be reductively precipitated by dissolved Fe(II) or from interaction with iron corrosion products such a magnetite or green rusts. The generated hydrogen (up to several MPa) may also inhibit the spent nuclear fuel dissolution at the surface of the fuel via the so called hydrogen effect. In order to probe these effects an autoclave experiment was performed in which a basket with PWR spent nuclear fuel (burnup ∼43 MWd/kgU) was suspended in an autoclave containing a simplified groundwater (10 mM NaCl, 2 mM NaHCO3) with iron powder. The autoclave was sparged and pressurized with argon. Following an initial rise in radionuclide concentrations from dissolution of pre-oxidised phases the U concentration dropped to 3x10-9 M within 76 days, in-line with the solubility of amorphous UO2, expected to form under reducing conditions. Any Cs and Sr release also ceased within 223 days indicating complete transition from dissolution of pre-oxidized phases and instant release fractions to conditions with inhibition of the dissolution of the fuel matrix. Gas phase analysis and pressure monitoring showed a steady build-up of hydrogen at a rate higher than what could be attributed to radiolysis, reaching hydrogen partial pressures of several hundred kPa. The results indicate continuous corrosion of iron, with magnetite as the dominating iron corrosion product.
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25

Orlova, M. A., A. L. Nikolaev, T. P. Trofimova, A. P. Orlov, A. V. Severin, and S. N. Kalmykov. "Hydroxyapatite and porphyrin-fullerene nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic delivery of paramagnetic ions and radionuclides." NANOMEDICINE, no. 6 (December 24, 2018): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2018.075.

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Nanoparticles for drug delivery are the subject of extensive research. Importantly, they can transform in size during synthesis or actual use, thereby changing their cytotoxic properties. The aim of the present work was to study the tendency of [67Zn] porphyrin-fullerene nanoparticles (BFNP) to aggregate over time and to compare the properties of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles obtained through 3 different techniques. We found that aggregation of BFNP nanoparticles does not affect their function but attenuates their cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. We were also able to obtain HAP nanoparticles with programmable properties (such as size, shape or the capacity to adsorb metal ions, ligands and chemical complexes) through enzymatic synthesis by varying its conditions. The synthesized HAP nanoparticles contain short-lived isotopes of zinc and copper (in the form of ions and complexes with pyrimidine or thiazine derivatives). These tumoricidal components (a radionuclide and a ligand or a complex) determine the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the obtained radiopharmaceutical agents.
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26

Mishra, Asheesh, S. K. Sharma, and D. C. Panigrahi. "222RN EXHALATION FLUX RATE AND 226RA IN THE SOILS OF A COPPER-MINERALISED AREA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 4 (October 2020): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa174.

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Abstract Uranium-series radionuclides exist in trace quantities in all soils and rocks on earth in variable concentrations. Among these, 222Rn gas exhaled by the soil of a geological location is the main contributor to the environmental radioactivity. A 222Rn exhalation flux study was carried out in the heavily mineralised area of the Singhbhum Copper Belt of Jharkhand, India. A significant seasonal variation in the soil gas exhalation was observed, which is attributable to the seasonal atmospheric parameters of the study area. The average 222Rn exhalation flux from the soil was estimated to be in the range of 4.5–$20.1\ \mathrm{Bq}\ {\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ with a mean of $10.1\pm 3.9\ \mathrm{mBq}\ {\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and geometric mean (GM) of $9.5\ \mathrm{mBq}\ {\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. Also, 20 soil samples collected from the study area were analysed by the emanometric method, which estimated the 226Ra specific activity in the soils in the range of 9–$63\ \mathrm{Bq}\ \mathrm{k}{\mathrm{g}}^{-1}$ and a mean value of $39\pm 16\ \mathrm{Bq}\ \mathrm{k}{\mathrm{g}}^{-1}$.
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27

Rowshanfarzad, Pejman, Mahsheed Sabet, Amir Reza Jalilian, and Mohsen Kamalidehghan. "An overview of copper radionuclides and production of 61Cu by proton irradiation of natZn at a medical cyclotron." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 64, no. 12 (December 2006): 1563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.11.012.

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28

Le, Vuong Quang, Nguyen Hoang Vo, Chuong Dinh Huynh, Phuc Minh Lau, Thanh Thien Tran, and Tao Van Chau. "Study of the minimum detectable activity in gamma-ray spectrometry with various shielding configurations." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T4 (December 31, 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it4.496.

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In the environmental radioactivity analyzing methods using gamma-ray spectrometry, the natural activities of radionuclides were required to be higher than the minimum detectable activity (MDA). To reduce MDA, one of the popular methods is to improve the ability of reducing the background radiation of the gamma-ray spectrometry. In this work, we designed the shielding configuration with 5 cm lead and 2 mm copper (thickness of walls and top). The MDAs of gamma-ray spectrometer were 2.6–4.24 times times for 40K (1460.8 keV), 232Th (208Tl- 2614.5 keV) and 238U (214Pb- 352 keV; 214Bi- 609.3 keV, 214Bi- 1764.5 keV). In the other hand, MDA for 238U with this shielding configuration is smaller than the activity of 238U inside surface soils in Vietnam. These results showed that the gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and this shielding configuration was suitable for measurements activity of 238U in the environmental samples.
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29

Chernenko, О. М., R. A. Sanzhara, N. M. Shulzhenko, R. V. Mylostyvyi, and O. V. Denisyk. "Heavy metals, nitrates and radionuclides in milk of cows depending on their stress resistance." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 10, no. 4 (October 13, 2019): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021977.

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The paper presents the results of studies on the content of cesium, strontium, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead and nitrates in the milk of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed cows with different resistance to stress. The resistance of cows to stress was determined by concentration of cortisol in the blood one hour after a stress effect. The following factors were stressful: fixation of animals for one hour and pre-selection of blood by a veterinarian for general analysis. The objective of the research was establishing a connection between the different adaptive potential of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breeds and the ability of their bodies to excrete via the milk heavy metal salts, nitrates and radioactive elements which enter the body with food and water. The scientific hypothesis was that the state of pressure which occurs in the body under the influence of stress impairs homeostasis. It can affect the quantity and quality of products, it can cause disorders in the metabolic processes, the synthesis of milk components and introduction of some harmful substances into milk, which are differently accumulated in the body of cows with diverse reactions to stress and can be excreted with milk in at different levels. We established that different resistance of cows to stress can affect the concentration of the investigated harmful substances in milk. Concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc and nitrates was lower in milk of more stress-resistant cows (the first group). Their milk had a lower specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr. For all the seasons, the reliable results were obtained only for nitrates, and 137Cs and 90Sr – in spring, summer and autumn. Thus, milk of cows with higher resistance to stress is safer in terms of contents of the investigated elements. We have drawn a conclusion that stress can affect the ability of the body to excrete via the milk harmful elements which enter the body with food and water. Perspectives of further research are determining the effect of cows’ stress resistance on the suitability of milk for the production of baby food products.
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30

Farionik, T. V. "Use in the form of mixed complex of copper." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9213.

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In the complete feeding of animals, including pigs, an important role is given to mineral elements, because they take an active part in the metabolism, provide normal conditions for the work of all internal organs, muscles and nervous system. Mineral elements are used by the body of animals as a structural material, they participate in the enzymatic processes of digestion, absorption, synthesis, decomposition, as well as the allocation of metabolic products from the body. Minerals have a positive effect on the activity of enzymes, hormones, vitamins, stabilize acid-alkaline balance and osmotic pressure. They affect the function of hematopoiesis, endocrine glands, protective reactions of the organism, microflora of the digestive tract, participate in protein biosynthesis, strengthen the permeability of cell membranes, etc. The absence or lack of individual mineral elements, as well as the violation of their ratio leads to a reduction in the efficiency of nutrient utilization in the diet and, consequently, to reduce the productivity of animals. Mineral substances account for 4–5% of the body weight of animals, of which 99.6% are on macro-elements, and 0.4% of trace elements. The main source of mineral elements for animals is feed. However, the mineral composition of the latter depends on the biogeochemical zone, type of soils, climatic conditions, plant species, agrochemical measures, collection, storage, preparation for feeding and other factors. When using copper in the form of chelates, a high coefficient of its assimilation is established. In blood, the serum iron content of iron increased and this contributed to a decrease in total and latent iron binding capacity of serum. Copper chelates more intensively stimulate protein synthesizing function, which manifests itself by increasing the content of total protein, albumin and reducing the amount of globulins. Application of micronutrients and their chelate compounds and other biologically active substances has its advantages, the level of assimilation of heavy metals, radionuclides from contaminated feeds and water is reduced, chelate complexes of trace elements easily penetrate through cell membranes, allowing to carry out purposeful influence on exchange substances and energy and to correct the deficit of TE in the relevant biogeochemical zones.
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Groudev, Stoyan N., Plamen S. Georgiev, Irena Spasova, and Marina Nicolova. "Bioremediation of Acid Mine Drainage in an Uranium Deposit." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.248.

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Acid drainage waters generated in the uranium deposit Curilo, Bulgaria, were treated by means of different passive systems such as natural and constructed wetlands, alkalizing limestone drains, permeable reactive multibarriers and a rock filter, used separately or in different combinations. The waters had a pH in the range of about 2 – 4 and contained radionuclides (uranium, radium), heavy metals (copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese), arsenic and sulphates in concentrations usually much higher than the relevant permissible levels for waters intended for use in agriculture and/or industry. The water flow rate through the individual systems was different and not stable, and varied in the range approximately from 0.02 to 1.5 l/s. Efficient removal of pollutants was achieved by means of these systems during the different climatic seasons, even during the cold winter months at water and ambient temperatures close to 0 oC. The removal was due to different mechanisms but microbial sulphate reduction, biosorption by living and dead plant biomass and chemical neutralization played the main roles.
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32

Wilder, R. B., G. L. DeNardo, and S. J. DeNardo. "Radioimmunotherapy: recent results and future directions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, no. 4 (April 1996): 1383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1996.14.4.1383.

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PURPOSE To review antibody structure, function, and production; suitable radioisotopes for radioimmunotherapy; challenges facing the field; recent clinical results; toxicity; and future directions. DESIGN The radioimmunotherapy literature was reviewed, with an emphasis on clinical results and future directions. RESULTS The highest complete response rates (overall, approximately 50%) have been achieved in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Challenges that currently face radioimmunotherapy include circulating free antigen, binding of antibodies to nonspecific Fc receptors, insufficient tumor penetration, antigenic heterogeneity and insufficient antigen expression, antigenic modulation, and development of human antimouse antibodies. Possible approaches to these challenges, including high-dose radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation, the use of radionuclides such as yttrium 90 (90Y) and copper 67 (67Cu), and the development of humanized and bifunctional antibodies, are under investigation. CONCLUSION Although radioimmunotherapy is a relatively new field, substantial progress has been made. Additional research will ultimately resolve many of the challenges that currently face radioimmunotherapy and hopefully lead to the cure of some currently incurable malignancies.
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Owen, Nicholas D., Nigel J. Cook, Mark Rollog, Kathy J. Ehrig, Danielle S. Schmandt, Rahul Ram, Joël Brugger, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Benjamin Wade, and Paul Guagliardo. "REE-, Sr-, Ca-aluminum-phosphate-sulfate minerals of the alunite supergroup and their role as hosts for radionuclides." American Mineralogist 104, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-7116.

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Abstract Aluminum-phosphate-sulfate (APS) minerals of the alunite supergroup are minor components of uranium-bearing copper ores from the Olympic Dam deposit, South Australia. They typically represent a family of paragenetically late replacement phases after pre-existing REE-bearing phosphates (fluorapatite, monazite, and xenotime). Characterization with respect to textures and composition allows two groups to be distinguished: Ca-Sr-dominant APS minerals that fall within the woodhouseite and svanbergite compositional fields; and a second REE- and phosphate-dominant group closer to florencite in composition. All phases nevertheless display extensive solid solution among end-members in the broader APS clan and show extensive compositional zoning at the grain-scale. Samples representative of the deposit (flotation concentrate and tailings), as well as those that have been chemically altered during the processing cycle (acid leached concentrate), were studied for comparison. NanoSIMS isotope mapping provides evidence that the APS minerals preferentially scavenge and incorporate daughter radionuclides of the 238U decay chain, notably 226Ra and 210Pb, both over geological time within the deposit and during ore processing. These data highlight the role played by minor phases as hosts for geologically mobile deleterious components in ores as well as during mineral processing. Moreover, Sr-Ca-dominant APS minerals exhibit preferential sorption of Pb from fluid sources, in the form of both common Pb and 210Pb, for the first time revealing potential pathways for 210Pb elimination and reduction from ore processing streams.
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34

Briganti, Vittorio, Vincenzo Cuccurullo, Giuseppe Danilo Di Stasio, and Luigi Mansi. "Gamma Emitters in Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors Imaging in the PET Era: Is there a Clinical Space for 99mTc-peptides?" Current Radiopharmaceuticals 12, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471012666190301122524.

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Background: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs) are rare neoplasms, sporadic or familial, even being part of a syndrome. Their diagnosis is based on symptoms, hormonal disorders or may be fortuitous. The role of Nuclear Medicine is important, mainly because of the possibility of a theranostic strategy. This approach is allowed by the availability of biochemical agents, which may be labeled with radionuclides suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, showing almost identical pharmacokinetics. The major role for radiopharmaceuticals is connected with radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogues (SSA), since somatostatin receptors are highly expressed on some of the neoplastic cell types. Discussion: Nowadays, in the category of radiolabeled SSA, although 111In-pentetreotide, firstly commercially proposed, is still used, the best choice for diagnosis is related to the so called DOTAPET radiotracers labeled with 68-Gallium (Ga), such as 68Ga-DOTATATE, 68Ga-DOTANOC, and 68Ga-DOTATOC. More recently, labeling with 64-Copper (Cu) (64Cu-DOTATATE) has also been proposed. In this review, we discuss the clinical interest of a SAA (Tektrotyd©) radiolabeled with 99mTc, a gamma emitter with better characteristics, with respect to 111Indium, radiolabeling Octreoscan ©. By comparing both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Octreoscan©, Tektrotyd© and PET DOTA-peptides, on the basis of literature data and of our own experience, we tried to highlight these topics to stimulate further studies, individuating actual clinical indications for all of these radiotracers. Conclusion: In our opinion, Tektrotyd© could already find its applicative dimension in the daily practice of NETs, either pancreatic or not, at least in centers without a PET/CT or a 68Ga generator. Because of wider availability, a lower cost, and a longer decay, compared with respect to peptides labeled with 68Ga, it could be also proposed, in a theranostic context, for a dosimetry evaluation of patients undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), and for non-oncologic indications of radiolabelled SSA. In this direction, and for a more rigorous cost/effective evaluation, more precisely individuating its clinical role, further studies are needed.
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Yatsimirskii, K. B., and P. E. Strizhak. "Effect of radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90 on oxidation of ascorbic acid by methylene blue in the presence of copper(II) ions." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 31, no. 2 (1995): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00529992.

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36

Zhou, Yeye, Jihui Li, Xin Xu, Man Zhao, Bin Zhang, Shengming Deng, and Yiwei Wu. "64Cu-based Radiopharmaceuticals in Molecular Imaging." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381983075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819830758.

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Copper-64 (T1/2 = 12.7 hours; β+: 19%, β−: 38%) has a unique decay profile and can be used for positron emission tomography imaging and radionuclide therapy. The well-established coordination chemistry of copper allows for its reaction with different types of chelator systems. It can be linked to antibodies, proteins, peptides, and other biologically relevant small molecules. Two potential ways to produce copper-64 radioisotopes concern the use of the cyclotron or the reactor. This review summarized several commonly used biomarkers of copper-64 radionuclide.
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37

Boss, Silvan D., and Simon Mensah Ametamey. "Development of Folate Receptor−Targeted PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging—A Bench-to-Bedside Journey." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061508.

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The folate receptor-α (FR-α) is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers, including ovary, uterus, kidneys, breast, lung, colon and prostate carcinomas, but shows limited expression in normal tissues such as kidneys, salivary glands, choroid plexus and placenta. FR-α has therefore emerged as a promising target for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents to FR-positive tumors. A series of folate-based PET (positron emission tomography) radiopharmaceuticals have been developed for the selective targeting of FR-positive malignancies. This review provides an overview on the research progress made so far regarding the design, radiosynthesis and the utility of the folate-derived PET radioconjugates for targeting FR-positive tumors. For the most part, results from folate radioconjugates labeled with fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min) and gallium-68 (t1/2 = 67.7 min) have been presented but folates labeled with “exotic” and new PET radionuclides such as copper-64 (t1/2 = 12.7 h), terbium-152 (t1/2 = 17.5 h), scandium-44 (t1/2 = 3.97 h), cobalt-55 (t1/2 = 17.5 h) and zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 78.4 h) are also discussed. For tumor imaging, none of the reported PET radiolabeled folates reported to date has made the complete bench-to-bedside journey except [18F]AzaFol, which made it to patients with metastatic ovarian and lung cancers in a multicenter first-in-human trial. In the near future, however, we expect more clinical trials with folate-based PET radiopharmaceuticals given the increasing clinical interest in imaging and the treatment of FR-related malignancies.
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38

Walker, M., and J. Newman. "Metals releases and disinfection byproduct formation in domestic wells following shock chlorination." Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2010): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-3-177-2010.

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Abstract. Shock chlorination is used for rapid disinfection to control pathogens and nuisance bacteria in domestic wells. A typical shock chlorination procedure involves adding sodium hypochlorite in liquid bleach solutions to achieve concentrations of free chlorine of up to 200 ppm in the standing water of a well. The change in pH and oxidation potential may bring trace metals from aquifer materials into solution and chlorine may react with dissolved organic carbon to form disinfection byproducts. We carried out experiments with four wells to observe and determine the persistence of increased concentrations of metals and disinfection byproducts. Water samples from shock chlorinated wells were analyzed for Pb, Cu, As, radionuclides and disinfection byproducts (haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes), immediately prior to treatment, after sufficient contact time with chlorine had elapsed, and at intervals determined by the number of casing volumes purged, for up to four times the well casing volume. Elevated concentrations of lead and copper dissipated in proportion to free chlorine (measured semi-quantitatively) during the purging process. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were formed in wells during disinfection. In one of two wells tested, disinfection byproducts dissipated in proportion to free chlorine during purging. However, one well retained disinfection byproducts and free chlorine after four well volumes had been purged. Although metals returned to background concentrations in this well, disinfection byproducts remained elevated, though below the MCL, likely because purging volume was insufficient. Simple chlorine test strips may be a useful method for indicating when purging is adequate to remove metals and disinfection by-products mobilized and formed by shock chlorination.
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39

Skliarova, Hanna, Sara Cisternino, Gianfranco Cicoria, Mario Marengo, Emiliano Cazzola, Giancarlo Gorgoni, and Vincenzo Palmieri. "Medical Cyclotron Solid Target Preparation by Ultrathick Film Magnetron Sputtering Deposition." Instruments 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3010021.

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Magnetron sputtering is proposed here as an innovative method for the deposition of a material layer onto an appropriate backing plate for cyclotron solid targets aimed at medical radioisotopes production. In this study, a method to deposit thick, high-density, high-thickness-uniformity, and stress-free films of high adherence to the backing was developed by optimizing the fundamental deposition parameters: sputtering gas pressure, substrate temperature, and using a multilayer deposition mode, as well. This method was proposed to realize Mo-100 and Y-nat solid targets for biomedical cyclotron production of Tc-99m and Zr-89 radionuclides, respectively. The combination of all three optimized sputtering parameters (i.e., 1.63 × 10−2 mbar Ar pressure, 500 °C substrate temperature, and the multilayer mode) allowed us to achieve deposition thickness as high as 100 µm for Mo targets. The 50/70-µm-thick Y targets were instead realized by optimizing the sputtering pressure only (1.36 × 10−2 mbar Ar pressure), without making use of additional substrate heating. These optimized deposition parameters allowed for the production of targets by using different backing materials (e.g., Mo onto copper, sapphire, and synthetic diamond; and Y onto a niobium backing). All target types tested were able to sustain a power density as high as 1 kW/cm2 provided by the proton beam of medical cyclotrons (15.6 MeV for Mo targets and 12.7 MeV for Y targets at up to a 70-µA proton beam current). Both short- and long-time irradiation tests, closer to the real production, have been realized.
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40

Forsström, Antti, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, and Hannu Hänninen. "Hydrogen effects on mechanical performance of nodular cast iron." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe KBS-3 method for long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel is designed with an external self-standing copper shell, which provides the most important barrier against corrosion and escape of radionuclides, and an internal nodular cast iron insert, which provides the load-bearing structure against external loads. The material intended for the load-bearing insert is ferritic nodular cast iron EN 1563 grade EN-GJS-400-15U. In this paper, hydrogen uptake and sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cracking of the cast iron were studied using tensile testing under continuous electrochemical charging in 1 N H2SO4 solution. Hydrogen uptake was measured by using the thermal desorption method. It was found that the hydrogen desorption profile manifests three distinct peaks at initial locations of 400, 500, and 700 K with a heating rate of 6 K/min. Plastic deformation results in a remarkable increase of the 400 K peak, which indicates hydrogen uptake during deformation. In the constant extension rate tests (CERT) and the constant load tests (CLT), electrochemical hydrogen charging reduced markedly the elongation to fracture and time to fracture, respectively. In CLT, hydrogen charging increased dramatically the creep rate at the applied load of about 0.7 yield stress. Ligaments between the graphite nodules exhibit brittle cleavage facets in the presence of hydrogen, while the ligaments show a characteristic ductile appearance of shear and small dimples when testing in air or distilled water. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the known mechanisms of hydrogen-induced cracking and the role of the graphite nodules in the embrittlement of ductile cast iron.
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41

Walker, M., and J. Newman. "Metals releases and disinfection byproduct formation in domestic wells following shock chlorination." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-4-1-2011.

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Abstract. Shock chlorination is used for rapid disinfection to control pathogens and nuisance bacteria in domestic wells. A typical shock chlorination procedure involves adding sodium hypochlorite in liquid bleach solutions to achieve concentrations of free chlorine of up to 200 mg L−1 in the standing water of a well. The change in pH and oxidation potential may bring trace metals from aquifer materials into solution and chlorine may react with dissolved organic carbon to form disinfection byproducts. We carried out experiments with four wells to observe and determine the persistence of increased concentrations of metals and disinfection byproducts. Water samples from shock chlorinated wells were analyzed for Pb, Cu, As, radionuclides and disinfection byproducts (haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes), immediately prior to treatment, after sufficient treatment time with chlorine had elapsed, and at intervals determined by the number of casing volumes purged, for up to four times the well casing volume. Elevated concentrations of lead and copper dissipated in proportion to free chlorine (measured semi-quantitatively) during the purging process. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were formed in wells during disinfection. In one of two wells tested, disinfection byproducts dissipated in proportion to free chlorine during purging. However, one well retained disinfection byproducts and free chlorine after 4 WV had been purged. Although metals returned to background concentrations in this well, disinfection byproducts remained elevated, though below the MCL. This may have been due to well construction characteristics and interactions with aquifer materials. Simple chlorine test strips may be a useful method for indicating when purging is adequate to remove metals and disinfection by-products mobilized and formed by shock chlorination.
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42

Ligomina, I. P., S. V. Furman, and D. V. Lysogurska. "ПОШИРЕННЯ, ЕТІОЛОГІЯ ТА ДІАГНОСТИКА ГІПОТИРЕОЗУ У КОРІВ ЖИТОМИРСЬКОГО ПОЛІССЯ." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, no. 3(70) (August 8, 2016): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7041.

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Zhytomyr Polissya of Ukraine is part of the biogeochemical zones, which is characterized by insufficient content of biotic trace elements, including iodine, lack of which in the environment is a common biological and medical problem. Animals, which being in a single food chain with a man, have geochemical and environmental impacts in a greater degree. The main reason for the decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in cows is low iodine content in soils and, as a consequence, in animal feed and their contamination with radionuclides – 137Cs and 90Sr. Low total contents in the soil of the territory of the synergists of iodine – cobalt – 1.7 – 2.5 mg/kg (optimal 7 – 30), copper –1.1 – 2.7 (15 – 60), zinc – 13.2 – 31.0 mg/kg (30 – 70), and in some places, and manganese contribute to the development of this disease.The symptoms of iodine deficiency, which is typical for hypothyroidism: dryness and hyperkeratosis of the skin, the long hair site the withers, anemone conjunctiva, enophthalm, bradycardia, myxedema, thyroid enlargement were installed by clinical studies. So, 90% of the cows revealed hypofunction of the thyroid gland : content thyroxine the blood serum was in the range 28.3 to 54.7 nmol/l and averaged a 43.8 ± 2.7 nmol/l (3.4 ± 0.21 mg/100 ml).Micronutrient deficiency causes a disruption of haematopoiesis and the development of anemia in 85% of cows that expressed agociting (75 – 80%) and olgahoney (of 41.7 – 66.7 percent). Anemia, mainly macrocytic and hyperchromic, rarely normochromic.Erythrogramma of cows notes longer left part, compared with animals a safe zone, that indicates on a significant number of «old» age of red blood cells, and stretched the right part that is due to the increased number of more resistant to hemolysis immature «young»erythrocytes.
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43

Butkus, Donatas, and Kristina Šalčiūnienė. "INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METAL AND RADIONUCLIDE DISTRIBUTION IN SILT OF LAKE DIDŽIULIS / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR RADIONUKLIDŲ PASISKIRSTYMO DIDŽIULIO EŽERO DUMBLE TYRIMAS / ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ И РАДИОНУКЛИДОВ В ИЛЕ ОЗЕРА «ДИДЖУЛИС»." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 19, no. 3 (October 21, 2011): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.602554.

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The article deals with research of the ecological situation in Lake Didžiulis, located nearby the highway Vilnius–Kaunas (Trakai District); the most polluted locations in the lake were identified. Research of heavy metals (HM) and radionuclides in the lake silt is described. To research HM concentrations and the specific activities of radionuclides, the samples were collected from 12 bores in the most typical locations of the lake. The estimated HM concentrations in the silt of Lake Didžiulis vary within a wide range: Cr from 6.9 to 45.2 mg/kg, Ni from 20.4 to 55.7 mg/kg, Mn from 236 to 1362 mg/kg, Cu from 7.1 to 80.9 mg/kg, Pb from 24.4 to 87.8 mg/kg, Zn from 13.0 to 75.8 mg/kg. The HM concentrations in the lake silt do not exceed the maximum allowed concentrations (MAC) in the soil, whereas the concentrations of manganese, copper and lead in some samples are close to MAC. The counted specific activities of 40K fluctuate from 46 Bq/kg to 415 Bq/kg in the upper level silt and from 125 Bq/kg to 482 Bq/kg in the silt, which is found near the mineral soil. The specific activities of other radionuclides at the said depths of the silt range as follows: 226Ra from 23 Bq/kg to 85 Bq/kg and from 28 Bq/kg to 93 Bq/kg, 227Ac from 2.1 Bq/kg to17.0 Bq/kg and from 7.3 Bq/kg to 23.0 Bq/kg, whereas artificial 137Cs from <0.6 Bq/kg to17.6 Bq/kg and from <0.5 Bq/kg to 12 Bq/kg. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Didžiulio ežero šalia greitkelio Vilnius – Kaunas (Trakų raj.) ekologinė būklė, nustatytos ežero vietos, kur buvusi didžiausia tarša. Aptariami atlikti sunkiųjų metalų (SM) bei radionuklidų koncentracijų ežero dumble tyrimai. SM koncentracijoms ir radionuklidų savitiesiems aktyvumams tirti ėminiai buvo imti iš 12 gręžinių, parinktų būdingiausiose ežero vietose. Didžiulio ežero dumble nustatytas gana platus SM koncentracijų intervalas: Cr – 6,9– 45,2 mg/kg, Ni – 20,4–55,7 mg/kg, Mn – 236–1362 mg/kg, Cu – 7,1–80,9 mg/kg, Pb – 24,4–87,8 mg/kg, Zn – 13,0– 75,8 mg/kg. SM koncentracijos ežero dumble neviršija didžiausių leidžiamųjų koncentracijų (DLK) dirvožemyje, tačiau kai kuriuose bandiniuose mangano, vario ir švino koncentracijos yra artimos DLK. Nustatytieji 40K savitieji aktyvumai svyruoja nuo 46 Bq/kg iki 415 Bq/kg paviršiniame dumble ir nuo 125 Bq/kg iki 482 Bq/kg esančiame arti mineralinio grunto. Kitų radionuklidų savitieji aktyvumai tuose dumblo gyliuose svyruoja taip: 226Ra – nuo 23 Bq/kg iki 85 Bq/kg ir nuo 28 Bq/kg iki 93 Bq/kg, 227Ac – nuo 2,1 Bq/kg iki 17,0 Bq/kg ir nuo 7,3 Bq/kg iki 23,0 Bq/kg, o dirbtinės kilmės 137Cs – nuo <0,6 Bq/kg iki 17,6 Bq/kg ir nuo <0,5 Bq/kg iki 12 Bq/kg. Резюме Анализируется экологическoe состояние озера «Диджулис», которое находится возле магистральной дороги Вильнюс−Каунас (Тракайский район), идентифицируются места с наибольшим загрязнением, анализируютсярезультаты исследований тяжелых металлов (ТМ) и радионуклидов в иле. Для исследования концентраций ТМ испецифических активностей радионуклидов пробы ила были взяты из 12 скважин, подобранных в характерныхместах озера. Концентрации ТМ в иле озера «Диджулис» менялись в довольно широких интервалах: Cr – от6,9 мг/кг до 45,2 мг/кг, Ni − от 20,4 мг/кг до 55,7 мг/кг, Mn − от 236 мг/кг до 1362 мг/кг, Сu −от 7,1 мг/кг до 80,9 мг/кг, Pb − от 24,4 мг/кг до 87,8 мг/кг, Zn − от 13,0 мг/кг до 75,8 мг/кг. Концентрации ТМ, находящихся в илеозера, не превышали предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК) в почве, однако в некоторых пробах концентрации марганца, меди и свинца были близки к ПДК. Специфическая активность 40K меняется от 46 Бк/кг до 415 Бк/кг на поверхности слоя ила и от 125 Бк/кг до 482 Бк/кг вблизи минерального грунта. Специфическиеактивности других радионуклидов на определенных глубинах ила меняются таким образом: 226Ra − от 23 Бк/кг до 85 Бк/кг и от 28 Бк/кг до 93 Бк/кг, 227Ac− от 2,1 Бк/кг до 17,0 Бк/кг и от 7,3 Бк/кг до 23,0 Бк/кг, а радионуклидов искусственного происхождения: 137Cs − от <0,6 Бк/кг до 17,6 Бк/кг и от < 0,5 Бк/кг до 12 Бк/кг.
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Hart, BT, EM Ottaway, and BN Noller. "Magela Creek system, northern Australia. I. 1982-83 wet-season water quality." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870261.

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The particularly late wet season in 1982-83 provided a unique opportunity to study the dry-to-wet season transition in Magela Creek, a tropical creek and wetlands system in northern Australia. The first water to flow down and across the floodplain was characteristically quite acidic (pH c. 4-5), with a high conductivity (c. 750 �S cm-1) and high sulfate concentration (c. 200 mg I-1). The source of the sulfate, acidity and dissolved salts is groundwater brought to the surface (mainly in depressions on the floodplain, e.g. pools and channels) by rising watertables, and then flushed from these by the slowly advancing flood waters. The end of the dry season is a time of particular stress for the biota living in these billabongs, and many fish kills have been noted at around the time this 'first flush' water enters. In most years, this poor-quality water would be rapidly flushed out, in a few days at the most, from the billabongs by subsequent flood- flows down Magela Creek. However, in 1983, the next flood event did not occur until almost 1 month after the first flush had occurred. During the main wet season, the water transported by Magela Creek was slightly acidic (mean pH 5,2), with a very low conductivity (c. 5-17 �S cm-1) and low concentrations of suspended solids (c. 4-59 mg I-1), major ions and trace metals (iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, uranium). There was a general decrease in the mean concentration of each determin and with each succeeding flood event. This was most noticeable in the case of suspended solids and conductivity, and was attributed to an 'exhaustion effect' where greater amounts of suspended solids and soluble salts (in the upper soil layers) were available in the early part of the wet season. The composition of the creek water was very similar to that of rainwater falling in the catchment, with two major exceptions. First, the rainwater was considerably more acidic (pH 3.6-4.9), due mainly to the presence of weak organic acids such as formic and acetic acids. This acidic rainwater was partially neutralized by interaction with catchment soils. Second, the concentrations of all nutrients (total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen) were considerably higher in the rainwater. There was a significant removal (over 90%) of phosphorus, ammonia and nitrate from the rainwater, probably due to uptake by the ground vegetation known to proliferate in the catchment during the wet season. Factor analysis indicated that dilution of the base flow, presumably by surface runoff of rainwater, was the dominant component during both the rising and falling stages of each flood event. Radionuclide activity in composite water samples taken over the five flood events revealed that the total activity of both 226Ra and 210Pb was low, with greater than 58% of both radionuclides being in filterable forms.
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45

Rollog, Mark, Nigel J. Cook, Paul Guagliardo, Kathy J. Ehrig, and Matt Kilburn. "Radionuclide-bearing minerals in Olympic Dam copper concentrates." Hydrometallurgy 190 (December 2019): 105153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105153.

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46

Fordham, AW. "Porewater quality of uranium tailings during laboratory aging and its relation to the solid phase." Soil Research 31, no. 3 (1993): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930365.

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After treatment to dissolve and to extract uranium, tailings from Ranger Uranium Mine had a low pH of about 1.8. However, this rose rapidly during initial stages of aging in the laboratory, due to the neutralizing effect of chloritic minerals present in the ore. Within two weeks at 22�C, the pH had reached 3.1, and it continued to rise with time and increasing temperature. The maximum value observed was 5.4 after six weeks at 70�C. Associated with (and acting against) the rise of pH was precipitation of iron, aluminium and silicon oxyhydroxides and hydroxy-sulfates from pore solution into the solid phase. These compounds acted as scavengers to reduce the concentrations of potentially toxic elements copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium and lead in porewaters to levels which eventually became comparable to those in limed tailings. Concentrations of radionuclides were also reduced by sorption/coprecipitation reactions with these scavengers, but levels in solution were continually replenished by slow dissolution of a residual uranium mineral, probably brannerite. As a result, radioactivity in porewaters after prolonged aging was appreciably higher than that in limed tailings. Salt concentrations were high, being composed essentially of magnesium, ammonium and manganous sulfates. Ionic strengths were nominally of the order of 1.5 M, but in reality were close to that of seawater (0.7 M) if complex ion formation was taken into account. Concentrations of the major ions magnesium, ammonium, manganous and sulfate, as well as those of calcium and sodium, did not change appreciably during aging at the various temperatures. In general, porewater compositions of limed tailings were similar to those of aged acidic tailings, but the solid phase of limed tailings contained much more gypsum. Also, there appeared to be differences in the behaviour of iron and aluminium hydroxy compounds in the two systems, probably because the hydroxy compounds were precipitated very rapidly during liming and recrystallized into less hydroxylated forms with time. Porewaters from tailings neutralized with magnesium oxide rather than lime had higher total salt concentrations, because, unlike calcium, magnesium salts did not precipitate unless porewaters were further concentrated by evaporation. Manganese precipitated from porewaters at about pH 8.5, and this precipitate also helped to retain heavy metals and radioelements within the solid phase.
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47

Razanov, Serhiy, Victoriya Shevchuk, and Mykola Komynar. "ACCUMULATION OF 137Cs IN HONEY PRODUCED BY BEES FROM NECTAR OF AGRICULTURAL HONEYBEAR IN THE NORTHERN POLISIA." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-4-13.

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The quality and safety of beekeeping products depends primarily on the ecological condition of natural nectar-pollinating lands. It is known that nectar-pollinating lands after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant were radioactively contaminated, which led to the accumulation of radionuclides in nectar, as well as in the product of its processing by bees - copper, in some cases above acceptable levels of cesium-137 16 nKi / kg (TAL - 91). This level of cesium-137 concentration was characteristic of honey produced by bees directly in the conditions of the northern Polissya of Ukraine within the Narodytsky, Ovruchsky and Polissya districts of the Zhytomyr region. In these areas of nectar-pollinating lands, in soils of which the specific activity of cesium-137 ranged from 1 Ki / km2 to 5 Ki / km2, levels were observed in honey that exceeded TAL - 91. It has been proved that the migration of cesium-137 into honey depends on the level of contamination of honey lands and the botanical origin of honey plants. The lowest content of radiocaesium immediately after the Chernobyl accident was found in dandelion and linden honey, and the highest - from legumes and honeysuckle of forest plantations, such as buckthorn, raspberry, ivan tea. A relatively high content of radiocaesium was found in honey produced by bees from thyme and heather, even in areas where the content of cesium-137 was higher than 1 Ki / km2. As a result of the research, it was found that the production of honey from winter oilseed rape and sunflower in terms of nectar-pollinating agricultural land returned to agricultural production after 34 years after the Chernobyl accident with a specific activity of cesium-137 in soil up to 2.47 Ki / km2 is safe. The specific activity of cesium-137 in such pollution was lower than TAL-2006 in honey produced by bees from winter rape and sunflower, respectively 11 times and 8.2 times. In honey produced by bees from the nectar of winter rape, there was a lower concentration of cesium-137 in 1.14 times compared to sunflower honey.
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48

Lillington, Joseph N. P., Thomas L. Goût, Mike T. Harrison, Tajudeen M. Iwalewa, and Ian Farnan. "Assessing the effect of radioactive waste glass dissolution on early-stage radionuclide migration using simplified geological repository Monte Carlo transport models." MRS Advances 6, no. 4-5 (January 28, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43580-021-00009-0.

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AbstractThe vitrification of radioactive waste within glass and subsequent disposal within a geological disposal facility (GDF) requires a comprehensive understanding of the effect of glass dissolution on GDF performance. This paper aims to analyse the effect of both high-level and intermediate-level waste (HLW and ILW) glass dissolution source terms on radionuclide release into the geosphere just above the disposal vault (the ‘crown’). Radionuclide migration was simulated in GoldSim for HLW in either granite or clay host rocks with a bentonite buffer using carbon steel or copper canisters, whereas ILW simulations considered either granite or clay host rocks, in either bentonite buffer or cement backfill, using concrete or cast-iron canisters. Glass dissolution source terms were varied by coupling GoldSim and MATLAB to modify the initial, residual, and resumption dissolution rates of the glass or by applying the analytical GRAAL model to glass dissolution. HLW glass results indicate no preference of granite over clay host rocks for a given canister type but that a copper canister is preferable to steel. ILW results suggest that a granite–bentonite–cast-iron environment yields lowest crown activities with cast-iron preferable to concrete as the canister, bentonite preferable to cement as the buffer/backfill, and granite preferable to clay as the host rock. Varying glass dissolution source terms (initial, residual, and resumption dissolution rates) had an understood effect on radionuclide migration, although changes were arguably insignificant considering peak crown activity for both HLW and ILW.
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49

Prister, B., V. Slavov, and V. Bidenko. "Influence of copper, cobalt and iodine microelements on the exchange of 137Cs in the cows organisms at different physiological states." Agricultural Science and Practice 2, no. 3 (December 15, 2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp2.03.032.

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Aim. To estimate the impact of additions of different doses of copper, cobalt and iodine salts to the diet of dry and lactating cows on the absorption and removal of 137 Сs from the organism. Methods. Four groups of black and white breed cows –– were selected for the study on the farm in Narodychi district of Zhytomyr region following the traditional methods. The animals were fed salts of microelements with concentrated feedstuffs. Specifi c radioactivity of feedstuffs, feces, urine, milk was defi ned by the gamma-spectrometry method using AMA-OZF analyzer. Results. During the dry period the content of 137 Сs in nutrition of cows of experimental groups was almost the same, whereas its removal from the organism of animals was different depending on the impact of microelements on the degree of radionuclide absorption. The exceeding of the norms of copper and cobalt by 30 % and iodine – by 70 % promotes the decrease of “visible” absorption of cesium and enhances its removal due to the radionuclide, accumulated in the tissues. The radioactivity of the diet of animals dur- ing lactation increased considerably (22–26-fold) and amounted to 17–22 kBq per day; at the same time high bioavailability of the radionuclide was revealed. The increase in 137 Cs content in the diet of cows during the grazing period is related to the use of contaminated fi elds. In May specifi c radioactivity of cow milk was the lowest; its insignifi cant increase (50–65 Bq/l) was observed in June, July and August. The radioactivity of cow milk in September and October increased considerably (150–184 Bq/l). The fortifi cation of the diet of animals of the 3 rd experimental group with copper, cobalt, and iodine promoted the decrease in the radioactivity of cow milk comparing the cow milk of the 1 st experimental group and the milk of the 4 th experimental group. During the lactation period the least absorption of the radionuclide was revealed for the normative consumption of all the microelements, and the highest – for the increased consumption of cobalt only. Conclusions. The vegeta- tive feedstuffs of dairy cattle in Polissia provides the requirement of cobalt for 30–35 %, iodine – for 25–30 %, copper – for 70 % in winter, and during the grazing period in summer – for 25, 35, and 60 % respectively. The fortifi cation of the diet of cows with microelements promotes the decrease in the absorption of 137 Сs in the gastrointestinal tract and its reduced transfer into cow milk.
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50

Iqbal, Tahi, John H. Cain, and Jack J. Slosky. "Tris(isonitrile)copper(I) adducts for preparing radionuclide complexes." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part B. Nuclear Medicine and Biology 17, no. 4 (January 1990): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2897(90)90118-k.

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