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Journal articles on the topic 'Copper Wood preservatives Leaching'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Oh, Jeong-Joo, and Gyu-Hyeok Kim. "The effects of pH on copper leaching from wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives." Holzforschung 74, no. 9 (2020): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0218.

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AbstractAs pH of leaching medium is an important factor in the leaching of wood preservative components, its effects on leaching should be quantified to ensure environmentally safe use of treated wood. In this study, the effects of pH on leaching of copper from wood treated with copper amine-based preservatives [alkaline copper quat (ACQ)-2, bis-(N-cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)-copper (CuHDO)-3, and copper azole (CUAZ)-3] were evaluated in comparison with wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-3. Radiata pine sapwood blocks treated with these preservatives were leached at five pH levels

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2

Waldron, Levi, Paul A. Cooper, and Tony Y. Ung. "Prediction of long-term leaching potential of preservative-treated wood by diffusion modeling." Holzforschung 59, no. 5 (2005): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.095.

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Abstract An approach to modeling leaching and leaching impacts of preservative components from treated wood is presented based on three simple laboratory determinations: the amount of preservative component available for leaching (Le), equilibrium dissociation of preservative into free water in wood (Di) and diffusion coefficients for component leaching in different wood directions (D). In this study, the following inorganic wood preservative systems were investigated: chromated copper arsenate (CCA), the copper component of copper azole (CA) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), and boron in

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3

Mbitnkeu Fetnga Tchebe, Tatiana, Jean-Bosco Saha Tchinda, Alexis Ngueteu Kamlo, Desiré Chimeni Yomeni, Arnaud Maxime Cheumani Yona, and Maurice Ndikontar Kor. "Efficiency evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and copper-ethanolamine in the protection of wood against a subterranean termite attack." Les/Wood 69, no. 1 (2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2020.v69n01a04.

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The demand for environmentally safe preservatives for wood is increasing all around the world. This study is focused on the evaluation of the ability of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil and copper-ethanolamine to protect Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna) and Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) against termites. Wood blocks were impregnated with solutions of Neem oil in acetone and/or an aqueous solution of copper-ethanolamine. Impregnated woods with a retention rate of up to 108.3 kg/m3 were obtained. A leaching experiment was used to determine the fixation of preservatives in wood. The term

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4

Taylor, James L., and Paul A. Cooper. "Effect of climatic variables on chromated copper arsenate (CCA) leaching during above-ground exposure." Holzforschung 59, no. 4 (2005): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.077.

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Abstract Until recently, most research on the leaching of preservatives from treated wood was conducted in the laboratory. Although these studies have contributed to the understanding of leaching, the data generated under controlled conditions often do not apply to leaching during natural exposure and weathering. In addition, little is known about the effects of climatic variables and long-term emission rates. This paper examines leaching of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from lumber exposed above ground to 685 mm of precipitationduring 351 days of natural weathering. Stepwise multiple regres

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5

Humar, M., F. Pohleven, M. Šentjurc, et al. "Performance of Waterborne Cu(II) Octanoate/Ethanolamine Wood Preservatives." Holzforschung 57, no. 2 (2003): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2003.020.

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Summary Various aqueous wood preservative solutions containing Cu(II) in the form of copper(II) sulphate or copper(II) octanoate, ethanolamine and in one case octanoic acid were investigated by spectrophotometry, polarography and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Results have shown the same coordination environment around Cu(II) in all solutions with ethanolamine. Computer simulation of the EPR spectra also revealed that the coordination in the first coordination sphere of copper is the same at low concentration of ethanolamine. At 20% ethanolamine concentration, a mixture of

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6

Hingston, J. A., C. D. Collins, R. J. Murphy, and J. N. Lester. "Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review." Environmental Pollution 111, no. 1 (2001): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00030-0.

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7

Xue, Wei, Pierre Kennepohl, and John N. R. Ruddick. "Investigation of copper solubilization and reaction in micronized copper treated wood by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy." Holzforschung 66, no. 7 (2012): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2011.188.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the reaction chemistry of micronized copper and alkaline copper treatments with wood and to determine how fast copper is solubilized during the reaction between the acidic functionality in wood and the basic copper carbonate (CuCO3). Copper species produced in wood by various treatment methods were analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The effects of time and solution concentration on the spectral parameters of copper complexes in sawdust treated with copper sulfate solutions were examined, followed by study on the str

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8

Mazela, B., and I. Polus-Ratajczak. "Use of Animal Proteins to Limit Leaching of Active Copper Ions Preservatives from Treated Wood." Holzforschung 57, no. 6 (2003): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2003.089.

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Summary The concept of animal protein utilization aiming to reduce leaching of treatment salts from wood was tested and verified. Animal proteins in the form of spray-dried animal blood plasma were used as an addition to the water solution of fungicidal salt or included in the solution for soaking pre-treated wood. The wood was subjected to thermal treatment which caused protein denaturation, a process which changes the proteins' spatial conformation and reduces their solubility in water. Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was treated with a water solution of copper sulfate using vacuum, va

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9

Humar, M., D. Žlindra, and F. Pohleven. "Effect of fixation time on leaching of copper-ethanolamine based wood preservatives." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 65, no. 4 (2006): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-006-0157-1.

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10

Temiz, Ali, Gry Alfredsen, Umit C. Yildiz, et al. "Leaching and decay resistance of alder and pine wood treated with copper based wood preservatives." Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, ahead (2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2014005000006.

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11

Druz, N., I. Andersone, and B. Andersons. "Interaction of Copper-Containing Preservatives with Wood. Part 1. Mechanism of the Interaction of Copper with Cellulose." Holzforschung 55, no. 1 (2001): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.003.

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Summary In the present work, the state of the copper ions absorbed by cellulose from aqueous solutions with different pH values has been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) methods. It has been shown that the curve of copper sorption has a S-like shape characteristic for weak acid sorbents. At all pH values in ESR-spectra, an anisotropic Cu(II)-signal is registered. At pH > 4, the anisotropy of ESR-spectra decreases. At pH = 10, complexes connected by exchange interactions and diamagnetic clusters are f

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12

Stirling, Rod, Gabrielle Boivin, Adnan Uzunovic, Stacey Kus, and John N. R. Ruddick. "Peroxide Post-Treatment of Wood Impregnated with Micronized Basic Copper Carbonate." Coatings 10, no. 12 (2020): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121213.

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Wood is vulnerable to significant color changes when used in exterior applications. Some copper-based wood preservatives use colorants to minimize this color change. This paper examines the ability of a peroxide post-treatment to turn wood impregnated with micronized basic copper carbonate (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2) (MBCC) a stable brown color. MBCC-treated wood, with and without peroxide post-treatment, along with associated controls were evaluated for color change, erosion and black-stain fungal resistance after exposure to artificial photo-degradation. The impact of the peroxide treatment on copper le

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13

Zabielska-Matejuk, Jadwiga. "The influence of cation and anion structure of new quaternary ammonium salts on adsorption and leaching." Holzforschung 59, no. 2 (2005): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.030.

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Abstract This study examined the effect of cation and anion chemical structure of new quaternary ammonium and imidazolium compounds (QAC, bis-QAC, IC, bis-IC) on the adsorption onto Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and resistance to water leaching. The group of copper (II) modified QACs, containing copper-chloro-acetate complexes in the anion structure, was also examined. The length of alkyl hydrophobic substituents in the cation structure significantly influences adsorption. The adsorption characteristics were statistically related to the alkyl chain length of new quaternary ammonium sal

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14

Stevanovic-Janezic, T., P. A. Cooper, and Y. T. Ung. "Chromated Copper Arsenate Preservative Treatment of North American Hardwoods. Part 2. CCA Leaching Performance." Holzforschung 55, no. 1 (2001): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.002.

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Summary Seven North American hardwood species were vacuum or vacuum/pressure treated with 2% CCA-C solution and fixed at temperatures of 21°C and 50°C under conditions of high relative humidity (95%). The rates of fixation results are presented in Part 1 of this study. Red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), basswood (Tilia americana L.) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were evaluated. The softwood red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was includ

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15

Humar, M., D. Žlindra, and F. Pohleven. "Influence of wood species, treatment method and biocides concentration on leaching of copper–ethanolamine preservatives." Building and Environment 42, no. 2 (2007): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.023.

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16

Lee, Myung Jae, and Paul Cooper. "Copper precipitation of Cu-monoethanolamine preservative in wood." Holzforschung 66, no. 8 (2012): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0014.

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Abstract Copper precipitation is one of the important Cu fixation mechanisms of Cu-amine-treated wood. In the present work, possible pathways of Cu precipitation have been investigated via in vitro and in situ studies focusing on effects of pH and temperature and Cu species formed in Cu-monoethanolamine (Cu-Mea)-treated wood. Higher-concentration Cu-Mea solutions required a lower pH and higher amounts of acid for the precipitation because of the higher amount of free Mea in the preservative-wood system. For this reason, Cu fixation during wet conditioning of wood treated to high Cu retention (

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17

Ribera, Javier, Elisabeth Michel, and Francis W. M. R. Schwarze. "Influence of Soil Characteristics on Wood Biodeterioration by Brown Rot Fungi." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (2020): 8837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248837.

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Soil conditions can directly influence the inoculum potential of wood decay fungi, which is likely to be a major factor in the premature failure of utility poles across Europe. The objective of our study was to assess the influence of soil pH, humic acid and iron on wood decay. For this purpose, we incubated Fe-impregnated wood specimens on artificial medium to evaluate the influence of the metal on the activity of brown rot fungi. Moreover, the impact of Cu-leaching from impregnated wood specimens that were exposed to humic acid solutions was measured. In addition, weight losses caused by bro

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18

Lima, Pedro Augusto Fonseca, Cassiano Pacheco da Silva, Fernando Nunes Gouveia, et al. "Eucalyptus wood treatment and leaching behavior of CCB (Chromated Copper Borate): a field test in Brazilian Midwest." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (2021): e421101119746. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19746.

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The use of Chromated Copper Borate (CCB) for wood treatment is known with several studies on a laboratory scale. However, there is a lack of field studies to analyze the effect of the CCB over time. This study aimed to evaluate the wood properties of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden (called E. urograndis), treated with CCB as well evaluate the leaching of chromium, copper and bore (Cr/Cu/B) in field test. The field experiment, with wood treated and untreated (no CCB application), was installed in 2016 and remained until 2018. Wood physico-mechanical proper

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19

Lee, Myung Jae, Sedric Pankras, and Paul Cooper. "Appearance, corrosion properties, and leach resistance of spruce and pine wood treated with Mea modified micronized copper preservative (MCu)." Holzforschung 68, no. 4 (2014): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0088.

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Abstract Canadian refractory wood species treated with micronized copper (MCu) wood preservative become mottled and streaky in appearance. To overcome this issue, the MCu system was modified by adding small amounts of monoethanolamine (Mea). The modified systems were evaluated to clarify the role of Mea in terms of leaching, corrosion, and mold resistance of MCu systems. The mottled and streaky surface on treated spruce was prevented at Mea/Cu molar ratios between 0.7 and 1.5. Copper leaching remained modest and was only slightly higher than that of MCu alone up to a Mea/Cu molar ratio of 1.2.

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20

Maistrello, Lara, Alessia Berzolla, Irene Macias-Pavon, Francesca Vignali, Giovanni Predieri, and Elisabetta Chiappini. "Wood impregnated with metal chelates dissolved in organic media tested for termite resistance." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 43, no. 2 (2011): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2011.277.

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Wood manufactured products are subjected to biological decay due to fungi and insects. The use of copper chelates as biocides was proposed, due to their high stability which minimizes copper leaching into the environment. Considering the remarkable effectiveness showed by copper chelates on brown rot fungi, zinc and copper salicylate complexes were prepared in order to have metal chelates soluble in organic media available. The present study aimed at evaluating these metal chelates complexes as preservative agents for wood treatment against termites. Trials were performed on <em>Reticuli

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21

Miyauchi, Teruhisa, Mitsunori Mori, and Yuji Imamura. "Leaching characteristics of homologues of benzalkonium chloride from wood treated with ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservative." Journal of Wood Science 54, no. 3 (2008): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10086-007-0933-5.

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22

Pankras, Sedric, Paul Cooper, Tony Ung, and Lawrence Awoyemi. "Effect of Copper to Quat Ratio on Fixation and Leaching of Preservative Components in Alkaline Copper Quat–Treated Wood." Forest Products Journal 59, no. 10 (2009): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/0015-7473-59.10.21.

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23

MATSUNAGA, Hiroshi, Junji MATSUMURA, and Ikuo MOMOHARA. "Visualization of copper in wood treated with a CUAZ preservative during leaching procedures by LVSEM-EDX." MOKUZAI HOZON (Wood Protection) 39, no. 2 (2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.39.86.

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24

Bahmani, Mohsen, Eckhard Melcher, Olaf Schmidt, and Jörg Fromm. "Influence of exposure time, wood species and dimension on the remaining copper and chromium content in CC-treated wood after field and laboratory leaching tests." Holzforschung 69, no. 9 (2015): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0213.

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AbstractMost studies on preservative depletion from treated wood are performed with small samples on a laboratory scale. Although these studies provided repeatable and constant test parameters, the results have little applicability to real conditions. Therefore, a series of laboratory tests were carried out according to CEN/TS 15119 part 1 and part 2 by means of EN 252 and non-standard sized Scots pine sapwood as well as spruce stakes. The stakes were impregnated by vacuum pressure with chromium (Cr)-copper(Cu)-containing wood preservative. For comparison, a set of 18 stakes per test parameter

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25

Tao, Wendong. "Field leaching of alkaline copper quaternary-treated red pine lumber over 3 years: long-term dynamics." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 7 (2014): 1475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.045.

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Alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), a wood preservative, consists of copper oxide and quaternary ammonium compounds. Three red pine piles were monitored over 3 years to evaluate the dynamics of contaminant leaching from ACQ-treated and untreated lumber. There were small temporal changes in the volumetric leachate/rain ratio with the ACQ-treated lumber, while the volumetric ratio decreased across the 3 years with the untreated lumber, most likely due to considerable weathering that increased the capacity of the untreated lumber to absorb rain water. The average copper (Cu) concentration in leacha

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26

Edlund, Marie-Louise, and Thomas Nilsson. "Performance of Copper and Non-Copper Based Wood Preservatives in Terrestrial Microcosms." Holzforschung 53, no. 4 (1999): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.061.

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Summary The use of wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) has become restricted in several countries due to environmental concerns. As a consequence, several chromium and arsenic free preservatives based on fungicides, regarded as more environmentally acceptable, have been developed. Most of these preservatives have only been tested in the laboratory against pure cultures of basidiomycetes and their long term effectiveness in practice is in many cases unknown. The effectiveness of six different preservatives, representing different types and combinations of fungicides,

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27

MATSUNAGA, Hiroshi. "Particulate copper based wood preservatives (MCQ, MCA)." MOKUZAI HOZON (Wood Protection) 36, no. 4 (2010): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.36.144.

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28

Druz, N., I. Andersone, and B. Andersons. "Interaction of Copper-Containing Preservatives with Wood." Holzforschung 55, no. 1 (2001): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.2001.13.

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29

Sommerauer, Lukas, Marie-France Thevenon, Alexander Petutschnigg, and Gianluca Tondi. "Effect of hardening parameters of wood preservatives based on tannin copolymers." Holzforschung 73, no. 5 (2019): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0130.

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Abstract Amongst polyphenols, tannins belong to the most effective chemical protection systems against biological attack on trees. Tannins are water-soluble and are thus leached out easily when used for wood protection. In situ polymerized tannin-hexamine wood preservatives have better leaching resistance (LR), but they do not resist weathering. In this study, tannin copolymer formulations were prepared with hexamine, formaldehyde, furfural, glyoxal, furfuryl alcohol and maleic anhydride, impregnated in wood, and cured at higher temperatures. The wood samples treated with these formulations we

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30

Humphrey,, David G. "THE CHEMISTRY OF CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE WOOD PRESERVATIVES." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 22, no. 1 (2002): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic.2002.22.1.1.

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31

Hingston, J. A., J. Moore, A. Bacon, J. N. Lester, R. J. Murphy, and C. D. Collins. "The importance of the short-term leaching dynamics of wood preservatives." Chemosphere 47, no. 5 (2002): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00333-2.

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32

Obanda, Diana N., Todd F. Shupe, and H. Michael Barnes. "Reducing leaching of boron-based wood preservatives – A review of research." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 15 (2008): 7312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.077.

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33

Xue, Wei, John N. R. Ruddick, and Pierre Kennepohl. "Solubilisation and chemical fixation of copper(ii) in micronized copper treated wood." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 9 (2016): 3679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03159a.

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Wood preservatives using micronized particulate copper as the main active ingredient recently introduced in the USA have generated controversies due to their limited intrinsic solubility compared to the conventional soluble copper treatments.

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34

Kim, Yeong-Suk. "Current Research Trends in Wood Preservatives for Enhancing Durability - A Literature Review on Non-Copper Wood Preservatives -." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (2013): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2013.41.3.187.

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35

Hastrup, Anne Christine Steenkjær, Frederick Green, Carol A. Clausen, and Bo Jensen. "Tolerance of Serpula lacrymans to copper-based wood preservatives." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 56, no. 3 (2005): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.06.008.

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36

SHIOZAWA, Kazunobu. "Fixation of aminecal copper-boron-zinc-silicon (CBZS) wood preservatives in wood." Wood Preservation 32, no. 3 (2006): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.32.90.

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37

Barbero-López, Aitor, Jarkko Akkanen, Reijo Lappalainen, Sirpa Peräniemi, and Antti Haapala. "Bio-based wood preservatives: Their efficiency, leaching and ecotoxicity compared to a commercial wood preservative." Science of The Total Environment 753 (January 2021): 142013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142013.

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38

Pohlandt, Katrin, Michael Strecker, and Rainer Marutzky. "Ash from the combustion of wood treated with inorganic wood preservatives: Element composition and leaching." Chemosphere 26, no. 12 (1993): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90338-6.

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39

Woźniak, Magdalena, Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip, Michał Krueger, Edward Roszyk, and Izabela Ratajczak. "Chemical, Biological and Mechanical Characterization of Wood Treated with Propolis Extract and Silicon Compounds." Forests 11, no. 9 (2020): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090907.

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The development of new bio-friendly alternatives for wood conservation is of great interest and necessary for environmental protection. In this paper, the preparations based on the propolis extract and silicon compounds were used as green wood preservatives. The wood was treated with 15% propolis extract (EEP) and two propolis-silane preparations, namely, EEP-VTMOS/TEOS (EEP with vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate) and EEP-MPTMOS/TEOS (EEP with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and tetraethyl orthosilicate). The aim of the research was to determine the properties of treat

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40

Zhang, J., and D. P. Kamdem. "X-Ray Diffraction as an Analytical Method in Wood Preservatives." Holzforschung 54, no. 1 (2000): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2000.005.

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Summary X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to analyze qualitatively and semi-quantitatively solid crystal deposits in wood treated with some preservatives. Chromated copper arsenate type-C (CCA), copper ethanolamine (Cu-EA), copper naphthenate (Cu-N), copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CDDC) and boric acid treated southern pine was investigated. The solid deposit in post-treatment steamed Cu-N and Cu-EA treated wood samples was identified as cuprous oxide (Cu2O) by using XRD. The presence of CDDC crystals was observed in CDDC treated wood samples. The XRD pattern of boric acid treated woo

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41

De Groot, Rodney C., and Bessie Woodward. "Using copper-tolerant fungi to biodegrade wood treated with copper-based preservatives." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 44, no. 1 (1999): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(99)00047-5.

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42

Rasouli, Davood, Mohsen Bahmani, and Miha Humar. "Impregnability of Paulownia and Populus Wood with Copper Based Preservatives." Drvna industrija 68, no. 3 (2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drind.2017.1701.

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43

Yamaguchi, Haruhiko, and Ken-ichi Okuda. "Chemically Modified Tannin and Tannin-Copper Complexes as Wood Preservatives." Holzforschung 52, no. 6 (1998): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1998.52.6.596.

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44

Zabielska-Matejuk, J., E. Urbanik, and J. Pernak. "New bis-quaternary ammonium and bis-imidazolium chloride wood preservatives." Holzforschung 58, no. 3 (2004): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.045.

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Abstract Bis-quaternary ammonium and bis-imidazolium chlorides, the compounds containing in their structure two symmetrical quaternary nitrogen atoms, were prepared and tested on wood destroying and sapstaining fungi. The effect of the position of quaternary nitrogen atoms upon fungicidal and surface properties was analysed. The antifungal activity of new bis-quaternary ammonium and bis-imidazolium chlorides against Coniophora puteana (Schum.:Fr.)Kr., Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.)Pilát and Aspergillus niger van Tieghem was much more pronounced than that of quaternary ammonium chlorides. The res

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45

Xia, Yan, Chengye Ma, Hanmin Wang, Shaoni Sun, Jialong Wen, and Runcang Sun. "Multiple Analysis and Characterization of Novel and Environmentally Friendly Feather Protein-Based Wood Preservatives." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010237.

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In this study, feather was used as the source of protein and combined with copper and boron salts to prepare wood preservatives with nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-graphene oxide as nano-carriers. The treatability of preservative formulations, the changes of chemical structure, micromorphology, crystallinity, thermal properties and chemical composition of wood cell walls during the impregnation and decay experiment were investigated by retention rate of the preservative, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electronic microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray

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Yazdani, Nur, Joy O. Kadnar, James A. Kainz, and Mike Ritter. "Parametric Study on Behavior of Stress-Laminated Southern Pine Bridge Decks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (2000): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-11.

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Stress-laminated timber bridge decks have gained popularity in the United States in recent years. As with all wood exposed to the environment, wood for these decks must be treated with preservatives. There has been reluctance to build chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood bridges because of concerns about dimensional stability. Because no research has been undertaken to investigate the use of CCA-treated southern pine stress-laminated bridge decks, a good resource for economical rural bridges has remained untapped. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of va

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Feldhoff, Roger, Thomas Huth-Fehre, and Karl Cammann. "Detection of Inorganic Wood Preservatives on Timber by near Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (1998): A171—A173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.189.

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The recycling of waste wood causes great problems due to the variety of toxic wood preservatives, varnishes and paints used. The fast and reliable distinction and sorting of treated and untreated wood on demolition sites could open new ways of wood recycling, e. g. for the production of chip boards. For this purpose, prepared wood samples treated with inorganic wood preservatives (arsenic, boron, copper salts) were investigated by near infrared-spectroscopy. In most cases, treated wood samples could be distinguished from untreated ones. Furthermore the type of wood preservative could be identi

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Xu, Guoqi, Jed Cappellazzi, Matthew J. Konkler, and Jeffrey J. Morrell. "Effect of Multiple Leaching Cycles on Decay Resistance of Micronized Copper Azole–Treated Southern Pine Sapwood." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 2 (2020): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-19-00065.

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Abstract Copper remains one of the key biocides for protecting timber in soil contact. Historically, copper-based preservatives relied on solubilized copper. Over the past decade, micronized copper systems have largely replaced soluble copper systems in this application. While micronized copper chemistries have been shown to perform well over time with reduced copper leaching compared to solubilized copper, data are lacking on the effects of repeated leaching cycles on resistance of the timber to fungal attack. The potential effects of repeated leaching cycles of micronized copper azole–treate

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Kartal, Saip Nami, Evren Terzi, Bessie Woodward, Carol A. Clausen, and Stan T. Lebow. "Chemical remediation of wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble copper preservatives." Holzforschung 68, no. 7 (2014): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0212.

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Abstract The potential for extraction of copper from wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble forms of copper has been evaluated in view of chemical remediation. In focus were EDTA, oxalic acid, bioxalate, and d-gluconic acid for extraction of Cu from treated wood. Bioxalate extractions for 24 h resulted in Cu removal over 95% for all tested materials, and the effectiveness of oxalic acid extraction was very similar to that of nano-CuO-treated wood. Bioxalate was more effective than oxalic acid in removing Cu from ACQ-D, MCQ, MCA, CA-C and Cu-ethanolamine treated wood. d-gluconic acid ext

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Humar, M., and D. Žlindra. "Influence of temperature on fixation of copper–ethanolamine-based wood preservatives." Building and Environment 42, no. 12 (2007): 4068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.022.

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