Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coqs'

Les problèmes de sélection de modèles se posent couramment dans un grand nombre de domaines applicatifs tels que la compression de données ou le traitement du signal et de l’image. Un des outils les plus utilisés pour résoudre ces problèmes se présente sous la forme d’une quantité réelle à minimiser appelée critère d’information ou critère entropique pénalisé. La principale motivation de ce travail de thèse est de justifier l’utilisation d’un tel critère face à un problème de sélection de modèles typiquement issu d’un contexte de traitement du signal. La justification attendue se doit, elle, d’avoir un solide fondement mathématique. Nous abordons aussi le problème classique de la détermination de l’ordre d’une autorégression. La régression gaussienne, permettant de détecter les harmoniques principales d’un signal bruité, est également abordée. Pour ces problèmes, nous donnons un critère dont l’utilisation est justifiée par la minimisation du coût résultant de l’estimation obtenue. Les chaînes de Markov multiples modèlisent la plupart des signaux discrets, comme les séquences de lettres ou les niveaux de gris d’une image. Nous nous intéressons au problème de la détermination de l’ordre d’une telle chaîne. Dans la continuité de ce problème nous considérons celui, a priori éloigné, de l’estimation d’ une densité par un histogramme. Dans ces deux domaines, nous justifions l’ utilisation d’ un critère par des notions de codage auxquelles nous appliquons une forme simple du principe de « Minimum description Length ». Nous nous efforçons également, à travers ces différents domaines d’application, de présenter des méthodes alternatives d’ utilisation des critères d’ information. Ces méthodes, dites comparatives, présentent une complexité d’ utilisation moindre que les méthodes rencontrées habituellement, tout en permettant une description précise du modèle<br>Model selection problems appear frequently in a wide array of applicative domains such as data compression and signal or image processing. One of the most used tools to solve those problems is a real quantity to be minimized called information criterion or penalized likehood criterion. The principal purpose of this thesis is to justify the use of such a criterion responding to a given model selection problem, typically set in a signal processing context. The sought justification must have a strong mathematical background. To this end, we study the classical problem of the determination of the order of an autoregression. . We also work on Gaussian regression allowing to extract principal harmonics out of a noised signal. In those two settings we give a criterion the use of which is justified by the minimization of the cost resulting from the estimation. Multiple Markov chains modelize most of discrete signals such as letter sequences or grey scale images. We consider the determination of the order of such a chain. In the continuity we study the problem, a priori distant, of the estimation of an unknown density by an histogram. For those two domains, we justify the use of a criterion by coding notions to which we apply a simple form of the “Minimum Description Length” principle. Throughout those application domains, we present alternative methods of use of information criteria. Those methods, called comparative, present a smaller complexity of use than usual methods but allow nevertheless a precise description of the model

Bacterial and fungal culturing was conducted on samples taken from the vaginal fornix of 106 cows, of which 42 had vaginitis and 64 had normal vaginas. The diagnosis of vaginitis and non-vaginitis samples was determined by histologic examination. Aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic cultures were done. In addition, cultures were performed for Campylobacter sp., Ureaplasma sp., Mycoplasma sp., Tritrichomonas foetus, and fungi. All 106 samples contained mixed aerobic bacterial cultures. The more frequent aerobic isolates included Acinetobacter lwoffii, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp., and Streptococcus spp. These organisms were isolated from both groups of cows, but more frequently from the vaginitis group. Anaerobic isolates included Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., and Fusobacterium spp. The fungal isolates included Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., and Penicillium sp.

Proximity scaling (i.e., multidimensional scaling and related methods) is a versatile statistical method whose general idea is to reduce the multivariate complexity in a data set by employing suitable proximities between the data points and finding low-dimensional configurations where the fitted distances optimally approximate these proximities. The ultimate goal, however, is often not only to find the optimal configuration but to infer statements about the similarity of objects in the high-dimensional space based on the the similarity in the configuration. Since these two goals are somewhat at odds it can happen that the resulting optimal configuration makes inferring similarities rather difficult. In that case the solution lacks "clusteredness" in the configuration (which we call "c-clusteredness"). We present a version of proximity scaling, coined cluster optimized proximity scaling (COPS), which solves the conundrum by introducing a more clustered appearance into the configuration while adhering to the general idea of multidimensional scaling. In COPS, an arbitrary MDS loss function is parametrized by monotonic transformations and combined with an index that quantifies the c-clusteredness of the solution. This index, the OPTICS cordillera, has intuitively appealing properties with respect to measuring c-clusteredness. This combination of MDS loss and index is called "cluster optimized loss" (coploss) and is minimized to push any configuration towards a more clustered appearance. The effect of the method will be illustrated with various examples: Assessing similarities of countries based on the history of banking crises in the last 200 years, scaling Californian counties with respect to the projected effects of climate change and their social vulnerability, and preprocessing a data set of hand written digits for subsequent classification by nonlinear dimension reduction. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Discussion Paper Series / Center for Empirical Research Methods

Culture globalization is very important phenomenon of our life. First of all because it has very big influence on us: our mind, our social positing. But we should not forget about our safety. The problem is that this phenomenon has both good and bad sides. That is why we consider this topic is very important today.

Ce mémoire est consacré à l'identification de la cinétique de dégradation photocatalytique des COVs tels que le méthanol, le trichloréthylène et particulièrement le benzène afin de pouvoir concevoir et réaliser un réacteur photocatalytique approprié. Grâce à une unité expérimentale adaptée, divers paramètres, essentiels dans le procédé de photocatalyse, ont pu être étudiés. Le méthanol et le trichloréthylène suivent le modèle cinétique de Langmuir-Hinshelwood. La dégradation du benzène est concomitante à une désactivation de la surface par les intermédiaires formant des amas de surface. Le schéma du mécanisme de dégradation du benzène a été établi grâce aux mesures des conversions en fonction du temps ainsi qu'à l'analyse des quantités de produits réactionnels. Sur la base d'une loi cinétique hétérogène de croissance des amas de surface et du modèle cinétique de Langmuir-Hinshelwood, un modèle cinétique a été élaboré pour expliquer et vérifier le comportement particulier du benzène<br>This work deals with the kinetics investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs as methanol, trichloroethylene and particularly benzene, in order to build and design a photocatalytic reactor. Fundamental parameters have been studied with the help of an appropriate experimental set-up. Methanol and trichloroethylene follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model. The benzene degradation involves a catalytic surface deactivation due to islands of intermediates strongly bound to the surface. The pathway and mechanism of benzene degradation have been established using conversion data versus time as weil as the measurement of reaction products. A model, based on a heterogeneous kinetics law about the growth of the islands and on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, has been developed in order to explain and confirm the particular behavior of benzene

This thesis describes a Coq formalization of realizability interpretations of arithmetic. The realizability interpretations are based on partial combinatory algebras—to each partial combinatory algebra there is an associated realizability interpretation. I construct two partial combinatory algebras. One of these gives a realizability interpretation equivalent to Kleene’s original one, without involving the usual recursion-theoretic machinery.<br>Den här uppsatsen beskriver en Coq-formalisering av realiserbarhetstolkningar av aritmetik. Realiserbarhetstolkningarna baseras på partiella kombinatoriska algebror—för varje partiell kombinatorisk algebra finns det en motsvarande realiserbarhetstolkning. Jag konstruerar två partiella kombinatoriska algebror. En av dessa ger en realiserbarhetstolkning som är ekvivalent med Kleenes ursprungliga tolkning, men dess konstruktion använder inte det sedvanliga rekursionsteoretiska maskineriet.

Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à développer de nouvelles techniques pour écrire plus simplement des programmes formellement vérifiés. Nous procédons en étudiant l'utilisation de Coq en tant que langage de programmation dans différents environnements. Coq étant un langage purement fonctionnel, nous nous concentrons surtout sur la représentation et la spécification d'effets impurs, tel que les exceptions, les références mutables, les entrées-sorties et la concurrence.Nous travaillons premièrement sur deux projets préliminaires qui nous aident à comprendre les défis existants dans la programmation en Coq. Le premier projet, Cybele, est un plugin Coq pour écrire des preuves par réflexion efficaces avec effets. Nous compilons et nous exécutons les effets impurs en OCaml pour générer une prophétie, une forme de certificat, et interprétons les effets dans Coq en utilisant cette prophétie. Le second projet, le compilateur CoqOfOCaml, importe des programmes OCaml avec effets dans Coq en utilisant un système d'inférence d'effets.Puis nous décrivons différentes représentations génériques et composables d'effets impurs en Coq. Les calculs avec pause combinent les effets d'exceptions et de références mutables avec un mécanisme de pause. Ce mécanisme de pause permet de rendre explicite les étapes d'évaluation dans le but de représenter l'évaluation concurrente de deux termes. En implémentant le serveur web Pluto en Coq, nous réalisons que les entrées-sorties asynchrones sont l'effet le plus utile : cet effet est présent dans la plupart des programmes et ne peux être encodé de façon purement fonctionnelle. Nous concevons alors les "calculs asynchrones" comme moyen pour représenter et compiler des programmes avec événements en Coq.Finalement, nous étudions des techniques pour prouver des propriétés à propos de programmes avec effets. Nous commençons avec la vérification du système de blog ChickBlog écrit dans le langage des "calculs interactifs". Ce blog lance un fil d'exécution par client. Nous vérifions notre blog en utilisant une méthode de spécification par cas d'utilisation. Nous adaptons cette technique à la théorie des types en exprimant un cas d'utilisation comme un co-programme bien typé. Grâce à ce formalisme, nous pouvons présenter un cas d'utilisation comme un programme de test symbolique et le déboguer symboliquement, étape par étape, en utilisant le mode interactif de Coq. À notre connaissance, ceci représente la première telle adaptation de la spécification par cas d'utilisation en théorie des types. Nous pensons que la spécification formelle par cas d'utilisation est l'une des clés pour vérifier des programmes avec effets, sachant que la méthode des cas d'utilisation s'est avérée utile dans l'industrie pour exprimer des spécifications informelles. Nous étendons notre formalisme aux programmes concurrents et potentiellement non-terminants, avec le langage des "calculs concurrents". Nous concevons également un vérificateur de modèles pour vérifier l'absence d'interblocage dans un programme concurrent, en compilant la composition parallèle vers l'opérateur de choix non-déterministe<br>In this thesis, we develop new techniques to conveniently write formally verified programs. To proceed, we study the use of Coq as a programming language in different settings. Coq being a purely functional language, we mainly focus on the representation and on the specification of impure effects, like exceptions, mutable references, inputs-outputs, and concurrency.First, we work on two preliminary projects helping us to understand the challenges of programming in Coq. The first project, Cybele, is a Coq plugin to write efficient proofs by reflection with effects. We compile and execute the impure effects in OCaml to generate a prophecy, a kind of certificate, and then interpret the effects in Coq using the prophecy. The second project, the compiler CoqOfOCaml, imports OCaml programs with effects into Coq, using an effect inference system.Next, we describe different generic and composable representations of impure effects in Coq. The breakable computations combine the standard exceptions and mutable references effects, with a pause mechanism to make explicit the evaluation steps in order to represent the concurrent evaluation of two terms. By implementing the Pluto web server in Coq, we realize that the most important effects to program are the asynchronous inputs-outputs. Indeed, these effects are ubiquitous and cannot be encoded in a purely functional manner. Thus, we design the asynchronous computations as a first way to represent and compile programs with events and handlers in Coq.Then, we study techniques to prove properties about programs with effects. We start with the verification of the blog system ChickBlog written in the language of the interactive computations. This blog runs one worker with synchronous inputs-outputs per client. We verify our blog using the method of specification by use cases. We adapt this technique to type theory by expressing a use case as a well-typed co-program over the program we verify. Thanks to this formalism, we can present a use case as a symbolic test program and symbolically debug it, step by step, using the interactive proof mode of Coq. To our knowledge, this is the first such adaptation of the use case specifications in type theory. We believe that the formal specification by use cases is one of the keys to verify effectful programs, as the method of use cases proved to be convenient to express (informal) specifications in the software industry. We extend our formalism to concurrent and potentially non-terminating programs with the language of concurrent computations. Apart from the use case method, we design a model-checker to verify the deadlock freedom of concurrent computations, by compiling the parallel composition to the non-deterministic choice operator using the language of blocking computations

The objectives of the current study were: 1) to examine serum bPAG concentration during pregnancy, and in the post-partum period in relation to the overall nutritional and metabolic status and post-partum anoestrous period; 2) to investigate bPAG decay models for postulating distribution and metabolism of bPAG in the blood circulation using half-life (t1/2) and to compare the t1/2 values between breeds and nutritional treatments for the clearance of bPAG; 3) to examine the suitability of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measuring bPAG in urine, saliva and milk, to investigate temporal relationships between bPAG in these fluids and that in the serum, and to assess the potential of bPAG in these fluids for pregnancy diagnosis in cows. Estimation of total bPAG disappearance from plasma per day during week 1 post-partum did not differ between the breeds. Urinary bPAG, over the same period of time, was lower for Welsh Black than Simmental and Charolais cows (0.45 vs 0.53 and 0.59 nmol (s.e.d 0.03) p<0.05) but not for Aberdeen Angus cows (0.48 nmol); bPAG in saliva was lower for Welsh Black than Charolais and Aberdeen Angus cows (1.65 vs 2.42 and 2.49 nmol (s.e.d 0.11) p<0.05) but not for Simmental cows (1.44 nmol/1), and bPAG measured in milk (whole) was lower for Charolais than Simmental cows (0.26 vs 0.47 nmol (s.e.d 0.06) p<0.05) but not for Aberdeen Angus (0.38 nmol/1) and Welsh Black cows (0.37 nmol/1). Total body elimination of bPAG in urine, saliva and milk accounted only for 5.28 % of the total plasma bPAG. Total body elimination of bPAG in urine, saliva and milk accounted for only 5.28 % of the total plasma bPAG. The remaining 94.72 % of bPAG may have been metabolished and was undetectable by the current RIA technique. A theoretical assessment for potential use of bPAG RIA for pregnancy diagnosis using urine, saliva and milk showed that the minimum detection limits of measuring bPAG in these fluids were reached and / or exceeded by Day 200 of gestation, or later. Consequently, assay of bPAG in these fluids for early pregnancy diagnosis would not be appropriate unless the sensitivity of the assays is improved considerably, or prior assay sample extraction/concentration is carried out.

This paper describes the design of an inexpensive UHF transceiver which leverages some of the recently developed commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The initial goal is to implement digital voice transmit and receive function, although the design can accommodate a wide range of digital communication and telemetry applications. The handheld transceiver transmits 5 watts of power in the 430-435 MHz UHF band. A 1.2 kHz wide GFSK modulation format is used, generated by a Silicon Labs radio chip. The recently released Raspberry Pi Zero processor implements a low bit rate audio coding which conforms to the Codec2 standard. The transceiver fits in a 3 cm x 8 cm x 14 cm volume. It is powered by two 18650 lithium ion cells, and draws approximately 1 watt of power during receive, and 6 watts during transmission.

Variation in animal personality, in other words, behavioural responses consistent within individuals over time and/or across contexts, is predicted to be related to life-history traits, such as growth rate and investment in reproduction. How this translates into relationships between personality and milk production in dairy cows is however scarcely investigated and previous studies are showing contradicting results. To further investigate this relationship, individual consistencies in behaviour were related to milk production in two breeds of dairy cows (Swedish red and white cattle, SRB, and Holstein). Variation was found among the breeds in consistency of behaviours and both SRB and Holstein cows were highly consistent over time in stepping behaviour during milking and frequency of performed abnormal behaviours in home pen. Overall were Holstein cows consistent in more observed behaviours than SRB. Variation in neophobia and responses to social separation were more flexible, both among breeds and over time. Nevertheless, behaviour showed limited relationship with milk production. To conclude, the tests here carried out are useful in describing personality in cows; however, personality showed no relationship with milk production, encouraging future studies to explore this expected relationship further in other breeds and species.

Four visits were made to 50 dairy farms in England and Wales between February 2003 and February 2004 and a further three visits to 42 of these farms between February 2005 and February 2006. At each visit the locomotion of all cows was scored (15,597 cows, 34,643 measures). Multivariable regression analyses were preformed to identify risk factors associated with increased lameness (poor locomotion). Factors associated with mean herd poor locomotion were dry cows kept in straw yards compared with cubicle houses, pregnant heifers kept with milking cows compared with dry cows in winter, passage way widths <3m compared with 2:,3m, a kerb height of ~15cm compared with >15cm, routine trimming of claws ofall cows by a claw trimmer or by- the farmer compared with no routine claw trimming, feeding maize silage to milking cows compared with other forage types, and the use of automatic scrapers compared with tractor scrapers in the cubicle house. Farmers recorded the lesions they observed while treating lame cows. Sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis were the three most frequently recorded lesions. The occurrence of sole ulcer, white line disease or digital dermatitis compared with having no lesion was used as the outcome variable in three multilevel binomial logistic regression models with month from calving nested within cow nested within farm. Risk factors associated with increased risk of sole ulcer were being housed on sparse bedding for four months or more, having grooved concrete floors on ~e farm, large herd sizes and parity numbers of four and above. Risk factors associated with increased white line disease were grooved concrete floors increasing parity number. Risk factors associated with increased digital dermatitis were grooved concrete floors and large herd sizes. A large clinical trial was used to assess the effect of intervening on known risk factors associated with lameness. Farmers in the treatment group received farm specific recommendations grouped under five targets areas which reflected the hypothesised aetiologies of sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis. There were small reductions in locomotion score and sole ulcer rate on treatment farms compared with control. These suggested that the hypotheses that reduced standing time and encouraged increased lying time through improved cow comfort may reduce sole ulcer were, at least in part, correct. There was no clear effect of treatment on the rate white line disease and digital dermatitis. It is likely that more than one of the following factors explain the lack of significant results from these initial investigations; poor recognition oflameness by farmers, insufficient uptake of recommendations, predisposition to lameness from previous lameness event and insufficiently specific lesion definitions.

In commercial dairy cattle farming, stressful disease conditions, such as high somatic cell count (SCC), poor body condition score (BCS) or lameness, are associated with subfertility. The objective of this thesis is to identify key areas in the reproductive cycle associated with each condition which contribute to this subfertility. Cows 30-80 days post partum from two commercial dairy farms were scored for SCC, BCS and lameness over a 5 week period prior to the implementation of an oestrous synchronization programme. Blood and milk sampling, trans-rectal ultrasonography and oestrus behaviour monitoring were conducted. Follicular development from emergence to deviation was unaffected as all cows produced a dominant follicle, which continued to grow beyond lOmm. In the following period, mean follicular growth, maximum follicular diameter and time to ovulation were not influenced by any of the 3 conditions (p> 0.05). In the animals that ovulated (irrespective of clinical status), follicles grew faster and achieved a greater diameter than in the animals that failed to ovulate (p< 0.05). Fewer lame animals ovulated compared to healthy animals (p< 0.05) and fewer high SCC animals with concurrent lameness ovulated than cows with only high SCC (p< 0.05) In cows with high SCC, progesterone concentrations prior to PG injection, over the peri-ovulatory period, on Days 5 and 7 or during the mid luteal phase after ovulation were unaffected, as was mean oestradiol concentration prior to ovulation. In the cows that ovulated, the dominant follicle grew at the same rate and ovulated at a similar size and at the same time regardless of high SCC, lameness or both. High SCC cows tended to (p< 0.07) and lame cows did express an oestrus of lower intensity and had a lower maximum intensity score than healthy animals (p< 0.05). High SCC cows started displaying oestrus signs and stood to be mounted (STBM) later than their healthy counterparts (p< 0.05) while lame animals displayed oestrus and STBM earlier than non lame cows (p< 0.05).

ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The paper describes the development of a robotic platform which can autonomously map terrain using a COTS infrared imaging and ranging system. The robotic system is based on an omnidirectional platform, and can navigate typical commercial indoor environments. An on-board processor performs surface reconstruction, and condenses the point clouds generated by the ranging system to mesh models which can be more easily stored and transmitted. The processor then correlates new frames with the existing world model by using sensor odomerty. The robot will autonomously determine the best areas of the environment to map, and gather complete three dimensional color models of arbitrary environments.

The prospect of reducing the time, cost and risk of system development has increased the interest in developing systems from COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) products. The development of complex COTS-based systems is known to be an intricate and risk prone process. There are three main reasons for this. Firstly, suppliers develop COTS products with the objective of satisfying the needs of the marketplace rather than the specific needs of the acquirer organization. Secondly, COTS products are often delivered as black-boxes, which means that the understanding of COTS features is frequently partial and uncertain on the part of the acquirer. Thirdly, in order to sustain competitive advantage, suppliers regularly modify their products, hence forcing customers to update their systems. These challenges do not occur in traditional software development, they are particular attributes of COTS-based development (CBD). As a result, new processes, methods and models are needed to support the development of COTS-based systems. The selection of COTS products is one of the most important activities taking place in the context of CBD. It involves the assessment of how well COTS products satisfy customer requirements. Due to the nature of COTS, mismatches may occur between what is wanted from the system (i.e. customer requirements) and what the system is able to provide (i.e. its features). In addition, a number of risks may arise from these mismatches, such as insufficient COTS adherence to requirements, low confidence in COTS quality, and unwanted COTS features. We argue that the successful selection of a suitable COTS product depends on the effective analysis of mismatches and management of risks. This thesis proposes a novel method, called TAOS (Tradeoff Analysis for COTS-based Systems), to guide the selection of COTS products. TAOS offers a systematic approach to assess the suitability of COTS products by exploring mismatches, handling risks and suggesting possible tradeoffs to be made. The method uses a goal-oriented approach to specify the requirements of the acquirer organization. We demonstrate how utility theory can be used to compare COTS alternatives by examining the degree to which COTS products satisfy requirements, and therefore inform the decision making process. As a way to complement the quantitative assessment obtained from the use of utility theory, we present a set of templates to build exploratory scenarios and define heuristics to facilitate the tradeoff analysis. We also present a strategy to identify and manage risks. To establish the effectiveness of TAOS to improve the quality of decisions made during the selection process, we have conducted a number of case studies in different domains.

Multi-core architectures present challenges to execute real-time applications. Concurrently executing real-time tasks on different cores, can produce negative impact on each others execution times due to the shared resources e.g. shared last-level cache, shared memory bus etc. Shared last-level cache is a resource of cache pollution that negatively impacts the execution times of tasks. In this thesis project we provided support for last-level cache partitioning through the mechanism of page coloring. Using page coloring, the last level cache is divided in multiple partitions. Tasks are allowed to access their own partition only, thus achieving cache isolation. The implementation is done in Linux OS. The aim of the thesis is to incorporate this work with the previous implementation of Multi-Resource Server to achieve task isolation.

The objectives of this study were to characterize the hematological and productive pattern during the peripartum in cows with and without anemia, as well as to evaluate the erythrogram in animals that presented metritis puerperal acute (MPA), lameness, acetonemia, increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and cows with different categorization of body condition score (BCS). In study 1, 50 Holstein cows (29 multiparous and 21 primiparous) were used. Blood samples and physical examination were performed at 13 different times: 18 &#177; 3, 12 &#177; 2, 5 &#177; 1, and 2 &#177; 1 before calving, and 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days postpartum. Erythrogram evaluations were performed, and red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volum (PCV), and absolute hematimetric values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, RDW, serum concentrations of iron, betahydroxybutyrate (BHBA), AGNE and total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined for the biochemical analyzes. Anemia was classified according to hemoglobin values &lt;7 g / dL and globular volume &lt;24%. The prevalence of anemia was higher in the period 60 days postpartum affecting 18.3% of the animals, the pattern of anemia presented was normocytic, normochromic, regenerative. RBC, PCV and hemoglobin were lower (P &lt;0.05) for animals with anemia. While the animals with MPA and lameness the value of the erythrogram was very similar throughout the postpartum period. No difference was observed between the groups according to the values of NEFA, BCS and loss of BCS during the periods performed in the postpartum period. In conclusion the anemic animals presented the values of the physical examination according to the physiological limits, the anemia did not cause productive losses in the affected animals. It was not evidenced that animals with MPA and claudicants presented a greater reduction of blood crass, excluding the occurrence of inflammatory anemia, and although the prevalence of anemia increased during postpartum, it was not possible to characterize the main cause of the reduction of hematological values between the categorizations. In the second study, blood was sampled from 336 animals (252 multiparous and 84 primiparous) between 21 and 30 days in lactation (DEL) on 7 farms in the State of São Paulo with the objective of characterizing the prevalence of anemia in dairy cows, prevalence of anemia in different categorizations such as: lactation number, BCS at the time of collection, dystocia, retention of fetal membranes, mastitis, digestive problem, lameness and acetonemia, , as well as the analysis erythrogram, biochemical profile, BCS, and milk production among animals with and without anemia. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia was low (16.3%) and no association with the categorizations performed in this study, it was not possible to characterize the cause of anemia through biochemical analysis.<br>Os objetivos deste estudo foi caracterizar o padrão hematológico e produtivo durante o periparto em vacas com e sem anemia, assim como avaliar o eritrograma em animais que apresentaram metrite puerperal aguda (MPA), claudicação, acetonemia, valores de ácidos graxos não esterificados aumentados (AGNE) e vacas com diferentes categorizações de escore de condição corporal (ECC). No estudo 1, foram utilizadas 50 vacas Holandesas (29 multíparas e 21 primíparas), foram realizadas colheitas sanguíneas e exame físicos em 13 momentos diferentes: 18 &#177; 3, 12 &#177; 2, 5 &#177; 1, e 2 &#177; 1 antes do parto, parto, e 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o parto. Foram realizadas avaliações do eritrograma sendo mensurado a contagem de hemácias (RBC), concentração de hemoglobina, volume globular, além dos valores hematimétricos absolutos do volume corpuscular médio (VCM), concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e RDW, para as análises bioquímicas foram determinadas a concentração sérica de ferro, betahidróxidobutirato (BHBA), AGNE e bilirrubina total (TBIL). Anemia foi classificada de acordo com os valores de hemoglobina &lt; 7 g/dL e o volume globular &lt; 24 %. A prevalência de anemia foi maior no período 60 dias após o parto afetando 18.3% dos animais, o padrão da anemia apresentado foi normocítica, normocrômica, regenerativa. Os valores das contagens de hemácias, volume globular e hemoglobina foram menores (P &lt; 0.05) para os animais com anemia. Enquanto os animais com MPA e com claudicação, o valor do eritrograma foi muito semelhante ao longo do pós-parto. Não foi observado diferença entre os grupos de acordo com os valores de AGNE, ECC e perda de ECC durante as coletas realizadas no pós-parto. Em conclusão os animais anêmicos apresentaram os valores do exame físico de acordo com os limites fisiológicos, a anemia não provocou perdas produtivas nos animais afetados. Não foi evidenciado que animais com MPA e claudicantes apresentassem maior redução da crase sanguínea, excluindo a ocorrência de anemia inflamatória, sendo que embora a prevalência de anemia aumentasse durante o pós-parto não foi possível caracterizar a causa principal da redução dos valores hematológicos entre as categorizações realizadas. No estudo 2, foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas em 336 animais (252 multíparas e 84 primíparas) entre 21 e 30 dias em lactação (DEL) em 7 fazendas no Estado de São Paulo com objetivo de caracterizar a prevalência de anemia nos animais, prevalência de anemia em diferentes categorizações realizadas como: distocia, retenção dos anexos fetais, mastite, problema digestivo, claudicação, acetonemia, ECC no momento da coleta e número de parto, assim como a análise do eritrograma, bioquímico e ECC e produção de leite entre os animais com e sem anemia. Em conclusão a prevalência de anemia foi baixa prevalência (16.3 %) e nenhuma associação com as categorizações realizadas nesse estudo, adicionalmente não foi possível caracterizar por meio de análises bioquímicas a causa da anemia.

Several indicators of animal welfare were measured to determine the impact of relocation on lactating dairy cows. In experiment one, locomotion was scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = normal and 4 = lame. Cleanliness was scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = little or no manure visible and 4 = heavy plaques of manure on 3 body regions: udder, lower leg, and flank/upper leg. In experiment two, milking parlor behaviors observed were cow reactivity (REACT), latency to enter the parlor (LAT), and plasma cortisol (CORT). REACT was evaluated on a numeric scale (0 = ideal milker to 3 = steps and kicks frequently) to define behavior during udder preparation, claw fitting, and milking. LAT was the time necessary for each cow to enter the milking parlor. In these studies, the effects of treatment or breed on MY, lameness, parlor behaviors, stress, and cow cleanliness were monitored. In experiment one, cows with access to a rubber mat in front of the feed bunk had lower locomotion scores and cleaner lower legs. There were no breed effects on locomotion, but Jerseys had cleaner lower legs than Holsteins. The effect of the new facility on locomotion occurred gradually. Cows with higher locomotion scores had decreased milk production, but the results were not significant. In experiment two, relocation caused an increase in plasma cortisol and LAT. Milk yield decreased the p.m. on the day of relocation, but overall milk yield was not affected. Jerseys had lower plasma cortisol levels and latency to enter the parlor, but had a greater decline in p.m. milk yield the day of relocation. In conclusion, alternative flooring may alleviate some locomotion problems caused by relocation to a new facility. Additionally, moving to a new facility may have an effect on behavior and stress, but these effects are short-lived and effects on overall milk production minimal.<br>Master of Science

Chromium can act either as an essential micronutrient or a chemical carcinogen, depending on its oxidation state. Of the two most stable chromium oxidation states, Cr(VI) is a known carcinogen, while Cr(III) is an essential element. Determination of total Cr cannot therefore be used to evaluate food safety of dairy products, as speciation is required for accurate assessment of potential toxicity. In this study, total Cr was determined by DRC-ICP-MS after mineralisation of freeze-dried milk samples. Chromabond NH2 ion-exchange columns were used to separate Cr(VI) from Cr(III). During the separation process, Cr(VI) was selectively adsorbed onto the Chromabond NH2 column. The retained Cr(VI) was subsequently eluted with two column volumes of 2 M HNO3 and diluted to a final volume of 10 mL. After separation, the Cr(VI) was quantified by DRC-ICP-MS, using O2 as the reactive gas, to alleviate polyatomic ion interference. An O2 gas flow rate of 0.85 ml/min and a high-pass rejection parameter q (Rpq) ¼ 0.5, provided the best compromise signal-to-noise ratio. The method was validated through determining the recovery in milk samples spiked with Cr(VI). The recoveries were quantitative and ranged from 96.4 to 99.2%. A whole milk powder reference material (NIST SRM 8435) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the total Cr quantification method. The observed value showed concordance with the certified value. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.091 and 0.085 mg/L for total Cr and Cr(VI), respectively. These findings are important for the determination of maximum residue levels (MRLs) of Cr(VI) in dairy products.

x, 106 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm Notes Typescript Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1986 Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 98-106 Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives

Three milk, fat yield and final score type records were simulated for each cow in 20 herds of 200 cows over 13 years. At completion of the simulation, cows were ranked by different selection methods and the top 2% were chosen to be bull dams. Preferential treatment was simulated by increasing milk and fat yields by 8, 16, 32, and 48% in separate copies of the simulation. Preferential treatment was given to a limited number of cows in copies of the original herds based on 8 strategies. Cows were chosen to receive preferential treatment for 2nd and 3rd records based on phenotypic records and ETA’s alone and in combination with a phenotypic minimum for final score type. Cows were also chosen to be biased in all records based on phenotypic records of dam, parent average ETA, maternal line and final score type. Bull dam selection methods compared used 2:2:1 milk:fat:type indexes of cow Predicted Transmitting Abilities (PTA), first lactation PTA, (PTA-F), PTA after requiring phenotypic minimums, (PTA-P), 3-generation Pedigree Index (PI-3) and PTA after preselection on 3-generation Pedigree Index (PI-3/PTA). Comparison criterion was average merit on a 2:.2:.1 weighting of true transmitting abilities for milk, fat and type for cows selected in each of 3 replicates of the cow population that were started with different random number seeds. Selection methods PTA and PTA-F gave the highest average true breeding values when no bias was present, and both methods were robust to bias levels of 8 and 16% mean response, and continued to give the best results at these levels for all bias patterns studied. In general, selection on PI-3 and PTA-P gave poor results and should not be considered viable selection methods. Selection ability of PTA was greatly decreased at the 32 and 48% bias levels. Selection on PTA-F continued to be effective when bias did not occur in the first lactation or when bias was based on type score, while selection on PI-3PTA was unaffected by bias at any level. Requiring a high level of 3-generation Pedigree Index before selection on PTA appears useful for selecting bull dams when very high levels of bias are present.<br>Master of Science

La psicomotricitat s’ha anat construint, des de les aportacions de la medicina i la neuropsicologia, com una disciplina que busca crear un entorn adient per atendre als infants dins d’un espai que afavoreix l’acompanyament del seu itinerari maduratiu des de la vivència del seu cos i des del moviment. Amb independència de les línies d’abordatge i del camp concret d’actuació, són moltes i molt variades les contribucions a partir de les quals s’ha anat construint aquesta disciplina (Lapierre (1977); Aucouturier (1977); Muniáin (1977); Le Bouch (1984); Franc (1993); Berruezo (2000); Arnaiz et al., (2001); Serrabona (2002); Martínez-Mínguez et al., (2017)). Per la seva vinculació amb aquesta Tesi, hem cregut necessari centrar-nos en les aportacions de Lapierre i Aucouturier (1985). Aquests autors han destacat la importància de l’acompanyament i la consideració de la dimensió afectiva i fantasmàtica de l’infant en les sessions de psicomotricitat, proporcionant, d’aquesta manera, un dispositiu mitjançant el qual l’adult articula estratègies pedagògiques respecte a aquesta intervenció en l’àmbit educatiu. Tanmateix, és l’obra d’Aucouturier (2004) la que ens ha servit com a marc específic del nostre treball. Efectivament, és dins la Pràctica Psicomotriu d’Aucoutourier (PPA) que s’ha situat la nostra recerca. Concretament, hem volgut explorar la correlació existent entre la fase de representació, entesa com el moment en el qual es mobilitzen les emocions i els afectes, i la millora dels processos cognitius en infants de tres anys. D’altra banda, el doble paper de l’autora (com a psicomotricista i com a investigadora) ens va fer optar pel paradigma ecològic per a la recerca sobre la pròpia pràctica, en un intent d’explorar els efectes reals de la pràctica educativa tal com succeeix a la sala de psicomotricitat. Així, es va optar per situar la recerca en el centre a on exercia com a psicomotricista l’autora (una escola concertada del centre de Barcelona). Més concretament, el programa de psicomotricitat del nivell de P3 durant el curs 2017-2018 va ser l’escenari a on es va aplicar un disseny quasiexperimental en el que cadascun dels tres grups classe (A, B i C) va constituir-se com a grup experimental independent, segons el criteri que s’explica més endavant. A partir d’aquí, a l’inici del curs (i fent funcions de pretest) es va passar la Bateria Cognitiva del Test de Merrill-Palmer, que es va repetir (com a posttest) al final del període docent. Durant les dinou setmanes que van separar aquests dos moments, es va desenvolupar el programa d’intervenció, que consistia en la aplicació del programa de psicomotricitat pels tres grups. Aquest programa es va desenvolupar de manera idèntica, amb l’excepció de la freqüència amb la qual es va dur a terme la fase de representació: 0%, 50% i 100% als grups A, B i C respectivament. De manera paral·lela i per poder disposar de dades qualitatives, es va dur a terme una bitàcola de representacions que va recollir i organitzar tots els productes realitzats durant les fases de representació. Igualment, i per tal de tenir constància del desenvolupament de les sessions i dels incidents crítics que es poguessin haver generat, es va elaborar un diari de sessions. Els resultats obtinguts mitjançant els diferents instruments semblen indicar que una freqüència del 100% en la realització de la representació a les sessions de psicomotricitat, ha tingut efectes positius, tant sobre bona part dels processos cognitius, com sobre la qualitat de les representacions fetes i el seu grau de correspondència amb la realitat.<br>La psicomotricidad se ha ido construyendo, desde las aportaciones de la medicina y la neuropsicología, como una disciplina que busca crear un entorno adecuado para atender a los niños dentro de un espacio que favorece el acompañamiento de su itinerario madurativo desde la vivencia de su cuerpo y desde el movimiento. Con independencia de las líneas de abordaje y del campo concreto de actuación, son muchas y muy variadas las contribuciones a partir de las que se ha ido construyendo esta disciplina (Lapierre (1977); Aucouturier (1977); Muniáin (1977) ; Le Bouch (1984); Franco (1993); Berruezo (2000); Arnaiz et al., (2001); Serrabona (2002); Martínez-Mínguez et al., (2017)). Por su vinculación a esta Tesis, hemos creído necesario centrarnos en las aportaciones de Lapierre y Aucouturier (1985). Estos autores han destacado la importancia del acompañamiento y la consideración de la dimensión afectiva y fantasmática del niño en las sesiones de psicomotricidad, proporcionando, de esta manera, un dispositivo mediante el cual el adulto articula estrategias pedagógicas respecto a esta intervención en el ámbito educativo. Sin embargo, es la obra de Aucouturier (2004) la que nos ha servido como marco específico de nuestro trabajo. Efectivamente, es en la Práctica Psicomotriz de Aucoutourier (PPA) que se ha situado nuestra investigación. Concretamente, hemos querido explorar la correlación existente entre la fase de representación, entendida como el momento en el que se movilizan las emociones y los afectos, y la mejora de los procesos cognitivos en niños de tres años. Por otro lado, el doble papel de la autora (como psicomotricista y como investigadora) nos hizo optar por el paradigma ecológico para la investigación sobre la propia práctica, en un intento de explorar los efectos reales de la práctica educativa tal como sucede en la sala de psicomotricidad. Así, se optó por situar la investigación en el centro dónde ejercía como psicomotricista la autora (una escuela concertada del centro de Barcelona). Más concretamente, el programa de psicomotricidad del nivel de P3 durante el curso 2017 hasta 2018 fue el escenario donde se aplicó un diseño cuasiexperimental en el que cada uno de los tres grupos clase (A, B y C) se constituyó como grupo experimental independiente, según el criterio que se explica más adelante. A partir de aquí, al inicio del curso (y haciendo funciones de pre-test) se pasó la Batería Cognitiva del Test de Merrill-Palmer, que se repitió (como post-test) al final del periodo docente. Durante las diecinueve semanas que separar estos dos momentos, se desarrolló el programa de intervención, que consistía en la aplicación del programa de psicomotricidad para los tres grupos. Este programa se desarrolló de manera idéntica, con la excepción de la frecuencia con la que se llevó a cabo la fase de representación: 0%, 50% y 100% a los grupos A, B y C respectivamente. De manera paralela y para poder disponer de datos cualitativos, se llevó a cabo una bitácora de representaciones en la que se recogió y se organizaron todos los productos realizados durante las fases de representación. Igualmente, y para tener constancia del desarrollo de las sesiones y los incidentes críticos que pudieran haberse generado, se elaboró un diario de sesiones. Los resultados obtenidos mediante los diferentes instrumentos parecen indicar que una frecuencia del 100% en la realización de la representación en las sesiones de psicomotricidad, ha tenido efectos positivos, tanto sobre buena parte de los procesos cognitivos, como sobre la calidad de las representaciones hechas y el su grado de correspondencia con la realidad.<br>Psychomotricity has been built, from the contributions of medicine and neuropsychology, as a discipline that seeks to create a suitable environment to care for children within a space that favors the accompaniment of their journey of maturity from the experience of their body and movement. Independently of the lines of approach and the specific field of action, there are many and very varied contributions from which this discipline has been built (Lapierre (1977); Aucouturier (1977); Muniáin (1977) ; Le Bouch (1984); Franco (1993); Berruezo (2000); Arnaiz et al., (2001); Serrabona (2002); Martínez-Minguez et al., (2017)). Because of their link to this Thesis, we have thought necessary to focus on the contributions of Lapierre and Aucouturier (1985). These authors have highlighted the importance of accompaniment and the consideration of the affective and phantasmatic dimension of the child in psychomotricity sessions, providing, in this way, a device through which the adult articulates pedagogical strategies with respect to this intervention in the educational field. However, it is the work of Aucouturier (2004) that has served as the specific framework for our work. Indeed, it is in Aucoutourier’s Psychomotor Practice (PPA) that our research has been situated. Specifically, we wanted to explore the correlation between the representation phase, understood as the moment when emotions and affects are mobilised, and the improvement of cognitive processes in three-year-old children. On the other hand, the author’s double role (as a psychomotorist and as a researcher) made us opt for the ecological paradigm for researching practice itself, in an attempt to explore the real effects of educational practice as it happens in the psychomotor room. Thus, we chose to situate the research in the centre where the author worked as a psychomotricist (a state-subsidised school in the centre of Barcelona). More specifically, the psychomotricity programme at P3 level during the 2017 to 2018 academic year was the setting where a quasi-experimental design was applied in which each of the three class groups (A, B and C) was constituted as an independent experimental group, according to the criteria explained below. From here, at the beginning of the course (and doing pre-test functions) the Cognitive Battery of the Merrill-Palmer Test was passed, which was repeated (as a post-test) at the end of the teaching period. During the nineteen weeks that separate these two moments, the intervention programme was developed, which consisted of the application of the Psychomotricity programme for the three groups. This programme was developed in an identical way, with the exception of the frequency with which the representation phase was carried out: 0%, 50% and 100% to groups A, B and C respectively. In parallel and in order to have qualitative data, a representation log was carried out in which all the products made during the representation phases were collected and organized. Likewise, and in order to have a record of the development of the sessions and the critical incidents that may have been generated, a session diary was drawn up. The results obtained by means of the different instruments seem to indicate that a frequency of 100% in the performance of the representation in the psychomotricity sessions has had positive effects, both on a good part of the cognitive processes, as well as on the quality of the representations made and their degree of correspondence with reality.