Journal articles on the topic 'Cora Lautze'

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui corak pemahaman moderasi beragama keluarga mualaf Tionghoa yang berada dalam binaan Masjid Lautze Pasar Baru Jakarta Pusat. Mayoritas mualaf binaan Masjid Lautze adalah dari kalangan etnis Tionghoa. Hal ini menjawab pertanyaan bagaimanakah corak yang menjadi kekhasan dalam moderasi beragama yang dijalani para mualaf etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini termasuk kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan wawancara langsung dengan responden yang relevan dan olah data. Berdasarkan data temuan, latar belakang para mualaf Tionghoa menjadi muslim dilatarbelakangi oleh tiga faktor, yakni (1) faktor spiritualitas; (2) faktor rasionalitas; dari (3) faktor identitas. Faktor spiritualitas lebih dominan dibanding faktor lain, sehingga pemahaman moderasinya lebih mengedepankan perasaan kasih sayang, kelembutan hati, cinta-kasih, dan saling menghormati. Corak moderasi yang dimiliki para mualaf binaan Masjid Lautze dipengaruhi oleh sosok tokoh muslim etnis Tionghoa bernama Haji Karim Oei, yang merupakan tokoh Muhammadiyah yang memiliki pemahaman yang modernis (tajdȋdi), pembauran (istȋ’ab), dan moderat (tawāsuth), bersikap toleran (tasamuh); dan tidak ekstrim (tatharruf).
 Kata Kunci: moderasi; mualaf; Tionghoa; keluarga; Lautze
 Abstract
 This article aims to find out the religious moderation characteristics in Chinese Muslim Families who are under the auspices of the Masjid Lautze Pasar Baru, Central Jakarta. The majority of Mualaf guided by the Lautze Mosque are from the ethnic Chinese. This article answers the question of how the characteristic which become the uniqueness in religious moderation experienced by Chinese Mualaf. This study included descriptive qualitative by conducting direct interviews with relevant respondents and data processing. Based on data, the background of Chinese Mualaf to become Muslim is motivated by three factors, namely (1) the spirituality factor; (2) the rationality factor; from (3) identity factor. The spirituality factor is more dominant than other factors, so that the moderation understanding puts forward affection feeling, gentleness, love and mutual respect. The characteristic moderation of the Mualaf guided by the Lautze Mosque is influenced by the ethnic Chinese Muslim figure named Haji Karim Oei, who is a Muhammadiyah figure and a modernist (tajdȋdi), assimilation (istȋ’ab) and moderate (tawāsuth), tolerant (tasamuh); and not extremist (tatharruf).
 Keywords: moderation; mualaf; China; family; Lautze

Application of LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking indicated the ethanol extract of octocoral Asterospicularia laurae is a potential source for the discovery of new xenicane derivatives. A natural product investigation of this soft coral resulted in the isolation of four new xenicane diterpenoids, asterolaurins O–R (1–4), together with six known compounds, xeniolide-A (5), isoxeniolide-A (6), xeniolide-B (7), 7,8-epoxyxeniolide-B (8), 7,8-oxido-isoxeniolide-A (9), and 9-hydroxyxeniolide-F (10). The structures of isolated compounds were characterized by employing spectroscopic analyses, including 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). Asterolaurin O is the first case of brominated tricarbocyclic type floridicin in the family Xeniidae. Concerning bioactivity, the cytotoxic activity of those isolates was evaluated. As a result, compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated a selective cytotoxic effect against the MCF-7 cell line at IC50 of 14.7 and 25.1 μM, respectively.

Terumbu karang memiliki keunikan diantara asosiasi atau komunitas lautan yang seluruhnya dibentuk oleh kegiatan biologis. Umumnya terdapat karang keras (hard coral) dan karang lunak (soft coral). Karang lunak (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) merupakan hewan anggota Colenterata yang hidup di perairan dangkal tropis dan subtropis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karang lunak, dan menganalisis persen tutupan terumbu karang pada daerah rataan dan daerah tubir di perairan Desa Pandanga, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November - Desember 2019. Pengambilan data karang menggunakan metode LIT, dengan menetapkan 4 (empat) stasiun pengamatan masing-masing stasiun yang dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) daerah yaitu pada daerah tubir dan rataan. Setiap lifeform karang yang dilewati transek di dokumentasi dalam bentuk gambar yang selanjutnya akan diidentifikasi dan menghitung persentase tutupan karang lunak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan karang lunak yang ditemukan sebanyak 7 (tujuh) genus yaitu Sinularia, Isis, Cladiella, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Klyxum, dan Rumphella. Hasil analisis persen tutupan tertinggi untuk semua stasiun terdapat pada genus Sinularia (20,6%) di daerah tubir, sedangkan pada daerah rataan dengan persentase tertinggi terdapat pada genus Lobophytum (8,0%).SOFT CORAL COVERAGE IN PANDANGA VILLAGE WATERS, MOROTAI ISLAND REGENCY. Coral reefs are unique among oceanic associations or communities that are entirely formed by biological activities. Generally there are hard corals and soft corals. Soft corals Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) are members of the Colenterata that live in tropical and subtropical shallow waters. The aim of this study was to identify soft corals and analyze the percent cover of coral reefs in the flat areas and slope areas in the waters of Pandanga Village, Morotai Island Regency. This research was conducted in November - December 2019. The collection of coral data using the LIT method, by determine 4 (four) observation stations of each station which are divided into 2 (two) regions that in reef flat areas and reef slope areas. Each coral lifeform crossed by a transect is in the form of an image which will then be identified and calculate the percentage of soft coral cover. The results showed that there were 7 (seven) genera of soft corals Sinularia, Isis, Cladiella, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Klyxum, and Rumphella. The results of the highest percent cover analysis for all stations are in the genus Sinularia (20.6%) in the flat area, in reef flat areas the highest percentage in the genus Lobophytum (8.0%).

Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan yang mempunyai produktifitas dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Keberadaan terumbu karang banyak memberikan pengaruh pada masyarakat Karimunjawa, sebagai panorama alam yang menarik untuk kegiatan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat perkembangan wisata, tingkat sensitifitas dan kondisi terumbu karang serta perubahan luasanya di kawasan Tanjung Gelam. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2017 bertempat di kawasan pemanfaatan bahari Tanjung Gelam, Kepulauan Karimunjawa Jepara. Metode pengukuran sensitifitas mengacu pada pengukuran kerentanan ekosistem terumbu karang parameter pengamatan yang diambil yaitu kondisi tutupan karang hidup, kerapatan terumbu karang, kelimpahan ikan, tipe pertumbuhan terumbu karang, status perlindungan, spesies yang dilindungi, dan kelandaian. Kuesisoner digunakan untuk mengetahu respon dan prilaku wisatawan pada kawasan tanjung gelam dengan jumlah responden yang diambil yaitu 25 wisatawan, 10 pedagang dan 10 operator wisata. Pengolaan citra satelit menggunakan transformasi Lyzenga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkembangan wisata di Kepulauan karimunjawa dari tahun 2014-2016 mencapai kenaikan sebanyak 39.178 orang, sedangkan tingkat sensitifitas ekosisitem terumbu karang di kawasan tanjung gelam berada pada kategori rendah dengan nilai 2,14, dengan kondisi tutpan karang hidup pada kriteria rusak buruk dengan nilai rata rata 10,28% dan perubahan luasan tutupan terumbukarang di Tanjung Gelam didapatkan perubahan luasan habitat terumbu karang yang berkurang sebesar 4,22 Ha dari tahun 2015-2017. Coral reefs are one of the coastal and ocean resources that have high productivity and biodiversity. The existence of coral reefs give much influence to the people of Karimunjawa, as an interesting natural panorama for tourism activities. This research aims to determine the level of tourism development, the level of sensitivity and condition of coral reefs and changes in the area of Tanjung Gelam. The research was conducted in August 2017 located in Tanjung Gelam marine utilization area, Karimunjawa island of Jepara. Methods of measurement of sensitivity include the measurement of living coral cover conditions, coral reef density, fish abundance, coral growth type, protection status, protected species, and cleverness. Questionnaires are used to find out the responses and behavior of tourists in the region of Tanjung Pinam with the number of respondents taken are 25 tourists, 10 merchants and 10 tour operators. Satellite image managers use the Lyzenga transformation. The results showed that the development of tourism in Karimunjawa Islands from 2014-2016 reached as much as 39,178 people, while the level of coral reef ecosystem sensitivity in the region of Tanjung Pinang was in the low category with a value of 2.14, with the living coral study on badly damaged criteria with value the average of 10.28 and the change of cover area in Tanjung Gelam found a change in coral reef habitat area which decreased by 4.22 Ha from 2015-2017 year.

Ilmu tafsir sebagai disiplin keilmuan Islam semakin berkembang dan menarik untuk dikaji karena karakter isi dan kandungan al-Qur’an bagaikan lautan yang tak pernih kering airnya dan tak akan habis keajaibannya. Juga didukung oleh eksistensinya sebagai kitab suci umat Islam dan kedudukannya yang menempati urutan pertama dalam memahami ajaran Islam. Kemajuan ilmu agama dan sains dengan berbagai corak dan ragamnya memberi ruang munculnya berbagai model pendekatan dalam menafsirkan al-Qur’an. Model pendekatan sastra adalah salah satu tawaran penting bagi para pengkaji al-Qur’an untuk menyelami keindahan bahasa dan menemukan aspek i`jâz (ke-mu’jizatan) al-Qur’an. I'jâz berfungsi menjadi bukti yang mempertegas posisi al-Qur’an sebagai firman Allah (Kalam allah) untuk membedakannya dengan perkataan manusia. Beragam varian uslûb (gaya bahasa) bisa ditemukan dalam al-Qur’an dan itu dipergunakan sesuai dengan kondisi dan konteks realita sosial budaya yang berkembang saat turunnya al-Qur’an. Hal tersebut tidak muncul begitu saja namun dipastikan mengandung nilai dan muatan sastra untuk mendukung ke-mu’jizat-annya

Increasing of global awareness related to environmental management, ecosystems, and fisheries resources is a trigger in the reactualization of community traditions and institutions. People of Tidore Islands City, known as indigenous people with their coastal and marine institutional traditions in North Maluku Province, have a local order handed down in the utilization of the coastal and marine resources. This study aimed to analyze the existence of traditions and institutions and their effects on managing coastal and marine resources in the City of Tidore Islands. The research was conducted on June-August 2019 in the city of Tidore Islands. This research encompass 4 Subdistrict and 2 villages namely, Tomalou, Mareku, Soasio and Dowora Subdistrict as well as Mare Gam and Maitara village,. The research applied a qualitative method, which involves in-depth interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Data were analysed using a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that there are five local wisdoms that are maintained by the people of Tidore Islands City nowadays. These local wisdom is a legacy from the ancestors in the management of coastal and marine resources, namely Karo Kahiya (Calling the Dolphins), Fola Sow (Lit. House of Medicine), Jere (Sacred), Cofa (Fish breeding) and Saihu (Leader/Fishing Master). The approach to management of coastal and marine resources with procedures or traditions and institutions contributed a significant impact (very effective) on local communities in relation to the sustainable use of coastal and marine resources. as well as the preservation of local traditions and customary institutions.
 ABSTRAK
 Meningkatnya kesadaran global terkait pengelolaan lingkungan, ekosistem dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan menjadi pemicu dalam reaktualisasi tradisi dan kelembagaan masyarakat. Masyarakat Kota Tidore Kepulauan yang dikenal sebagai masyarakat adat dengan tradisi kelembagaan pesisir dan lautnya di Provinsi Maluku Utara, merupakan masyarakat yang memiliki tatanan lokal yang turun temurun dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut dimaksud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganlisis eksistensi tradisi dan kelembagaan serta pengaruhnya terhadap pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut di Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juni- Agustus 2019, di Kota Tidore Kepulauan meliputi 2 desa dan 4 kelurahan yakni, Desa Mare Gam, Desa Maitara, Kelurahan Tomalou dan Kelurahan Mareku, Kelurahan Soasio dan kelurahan Dowora. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yang melibatkan teknik-teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan sampai saat ini masih terdapat lima kearifan lokal yang tetap terjaga oleh masyarakat Kota Tidore Kepulauan yang merupakan warisan dari para leluhur dalam pengelolaan sumbedaya pesisir dan laut, yakni Karo Kahiya (Memanggil Lumba Lumba), Fola Sow (Rumah Obat), Jere (Keramat), Cofa (Penangkaran Ikan) dan Saihu (Pemimpin/Nakoda dalam Operasi Penangkapan Ikan). Pendekatan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan dengan tradisi dan kelembagaan telah memberikan dampak yang sangat signifikan (sangat efektif) bagi masyarakat setempat dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan yang berkelanjutan maupun pelestarian tradisi dan kelembagaan adat istiadat setempat.
 Kata Kunci: Tradisi, kelembagaan, pengelolaan, sumberdaya, Tidore

Secara ekologis terumbu karang berfungsi sebagai penyangga bagi kehidupan biota pesisir dan lautan seperti ikan dan invertebrate. Salah satu ikan karang yang hidup di terumbu karang adalah ikan Chaetodontidae yang merupakan jenis pemangsa karang yang memiliki hubungan positif dengan persentase karang hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang, mengetahui kelimpahan Ikan Chaetodontidae, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persentase tutupan karang hidup dengan kelimpahan ikan Chaetodontidae di Perairan Lalanu. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2018 di tiga stasiun penelitian. Pengambilan data karang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT) dan metode pencacahan visual bawah air (Underwater Visual Sensus) untuk pengambilan data ikan Chaetodontidae dengan panjang garis transek 70 m dengan luas area pengamatan seluas 350m2, sebanyak dua kali pengulangan pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak dua genus dan terdiri dari delapan spesies ikan famili Chaetodontidae, yaitu Chaetodon kleinii, C. vegabundus, C. trifasciatus, C. lunulatus, C. auriga, C. melannotus, Heniochus acuminatus, dan H. varius, dengan total 160 individu. Kelimpahan jenis tertinggi ditemukan pada staiun tiga (0.0457 Ind/m2) dan terendah pada Stasiun satu (0.0329 Ind/m2). Persentase kategori Life Coral tertinggi terdapat pada Stasiun tiga (37,55%) dan terendah terdapat pada Stasiun satu (29,62%). Kelimpahan dan keragaman jenis ikan Chaetodontidae memiliki hubungan yang kuat terhadap persentase tutupan karang hidup pada stasiun penelitian di perairan Lalanu dengan nilai (R²) sebesar 0,9171 dengan determinan sebesar r = 0.9576.Kata kunci: Kelimpahan Jenis, Chaetodontidae, Karang, Perairan Lalanu.

Bintang laut merupakan salah satu kelompok echinodermata yang berperan penting dalam jaring makanan, umumnya sebagai predator dan pemakan detritus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2011 – Maret 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, habitat dan ciri-ciri khusus bintang laut dari perairan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di kepulauan Karimunjawa, mencakup sisi barat dan timur pulau Karimunjawa, sisi barat pulau Menjangan Kecil, sisi utara pulau Cemara Kecil dan sisi utara pulau Cemara Besar, menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel bintang laut dikumpulkan dari berbagai habitat di daerah intertidal sampai kedalaman 3 meter. Identifikasi setiap spesies dan pembuatan kunci identifikasi dilakukan di Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi (P2O-LIPI), Jakarta. Sebelas individu bintang laut dari 9 spesies yang mewakili 6 genera dari 4 famili dan 2 ordo berhasil di identifikasi. Sebagian besar bintang laut ditemukan di daerah terumbu karang. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi diketahui bahwa spesies yang tampaknya sama bahkan hidup di lokasi yang sama ternyata adalah spesies yang berbeda yaitu Archaster angulatus dan Archaster typicus, Nardoa frianti dan Nardoa pauciforis serta Linckia laevigata dan Linckia multifora. Semua jenis bintang laut yang dikumpulkan merupakan jenis-jenis yang umum ditemukan di perairan Indonesia.Kata Kunci : Taksonomi, Identifikasi, Bintang Laut, KarimunjawaAbstractSea stars play an important role in food webs, generally as predators and detritus feeder. This research has been conducted in December 2011 – March 2012. This research is subjected to achieved its biodiversity in the Karimunjawa Islands. Samples were collected from western and eastern side of Karimunjawa Island, western side of Menjangan Kecil, northern side of Cemara Kecil and northern side of Cemara Besar island, up to the depth of three meters. Species identification was done at Biology Laboratory of the Research Center for Oceanography (P2O-LIPI) Jakarta. A total of 11 asteroid individuals belonging to 9 species of 6 genera, which represented 4 families and 2 orders have been identified. Most of sea stars were found on the coral reef. Based on morphological characters of sea stars that apparently similar, even living in the same location, however after identified are different species, that is Archaster angulatus and Archaster typicus, Nardoa frianti and Nardoa pauciforis then Linckia laevigata and Linckia multifora. All species was considered common for tropical Indo Pasific region, including Indonesian watersKeywords: Taxonomical, Identification, Asteroidea, Karimunjawa

The objective of this research was to formulate a strategy for managing maritime ecotourism in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 in the city of Manado. The study was conducted at the coastal areas of the mainland of Manado City and Bunaken Island for 3 months, February - May 2019. The research method was a survey with descriptive analysis and SWOT. The results of the study obtained 4 strategy formulations (key success factors) in the context of managing maritime ecotourism in the industrial revolution era 4.0 in the city of Manado, namely: 1) Increasing law enforcement in the field of marine ecotourism, waste management on land and sea, 2) Awareness of the community environmental hygiene both on land and sea, 3) Empowering biodiversity resources of coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves in the park for developing marine maritime ecotourism through digital applications, and 4) managing and developing resorts, coastal culinary attractions, points of diving spots, and tourism ports. The results of the SWOT curve show the condition of marine ecotourism in the city of Manado in quadrant 2, namely a situation where the threat to the development of marine ecotourism is more dominant than opportunity, but there are strengths of tourism organizations that can be relied on. Stakeholders are expected to be able to improve performance so that quadrant 2 conditions change to quadrant 1, which is to support an aggressive strategy: a very good situation because of the power that is used to seize profitable opportunities. In the era of industrial revolution 4.0, every stakeholder in the maritime ecotourism industry in the city of Manado was supposed to change the management system towards digital-based by making applicationsKeywords: Bunaken island, revolution industry 4.0, Manado city, marine ecotourism, strategyTujuan penelitian adalah untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan ekowisata bahari di era revolusi industri 4.0 di Kota Manado. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah pesisir daratan Kota Manado dan Pulau Bunaken selama 3 bulan, Februari - Mei 2019. Metode penelitian adalah survei dengan analisis deskriptif dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 4 rumusan strategi (faktor-faktor kunci keberhasilan) dalam rangka pengelolaan ekowisata bahari era revolusi industri 4.0 di Kota Manado, yaitu: 1) Meningkatkan penegakan hukum di bidang ekowisata bahari, pengelolaan sampah di darat maupun laut, 2) Menyadarkan masyarakat tentang kebersihan lingkungan baik di daratan maupun lautan, 3) Memberdayakan sumber daya keanekaragaman hayati terumbu karang, padang lamun dan mangrove di kawasan TNB untuk pengembangan ekowisata bahari melalui aplikasi digital, dan 4) Mengelola dan mengembangkan resort, tempat-tempat wisata kuliner pantai, titik-titik penyelaman, dan pelabuhan pariwisata. Hasil kurva SWOT memperlihatkan kondisi ekowisata bahari Kota Manado berada dalam kuadran 2, yaitu situasi dimana ancaman terhadap pengembangan ekowisata bahari lebih dominan dibandingkan peluang, namun ada kekuatan organisasi kepariwisataan yang dapat diandalkan. Pemangku kepentingan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja agar kondisi kuadran 2 berubah menjadi kuadran 1, yaitu mendukung strategi agresif: situasi yang sangat baik karena adanya kekuatan yang dimanfaatkan untuk meraih peluang yang menguntungkan. Dalam era revolusi industri 4.0, maka setiap pemangku kepentingan industri ekowisata bahari di Kota Manado sudah seharusnya merubah sistem pengelolaan yang ada ke arah berbasis digital dengan cara membuat aplikasi pengelolaan ekowisata bahari.Kata Kunci: Ekowisata bahari, revolusi industri 4.0, Kota Manado, Pulau Bunaken, strategi

Bahan bakar berbasis fosil masih sangat besar. Saat ini konsumsi bahan bakar berbasis fosil di indonesia mencapai 1,3 juta barel per hari. Sementara itu, produksi hanya mencapai 900.000 barel per hari. Seiring semakin berkurangnya material bahan non-terbarukan, timbulah teknologi lain yaitu dengan mengembangkan biodiesel. Biodiesel menggunakan bahan tanaman dan sangat berpotensi pada jenis mikroalga. Mikroalga mampu menghasilkan minyak 30 kali lipat lebih banyak daripada sejumlah tanaman tingkat tinggi lainnya. Potensi wilayah Indonesia yang 75% berupa lautan, mikroalga air laut menjadi kandidat yang potensial sebagai sumber bahan bakar nabati yang kontinyu. Chlorella sp. merupakan salah satu mikroalga yang berpotensi menghasilkan lipid dengan kandungannya 28%-32% dari berat kering, terhitunga masih rendah daripada beberapa mikroalga jenis lainnya. Dilakukan uji coba dengan starvasi nitrogen atau pembatasan nitrogen pada medium kultivasi mikroalga agar metabolism karbon pada mikroalga diarahkan pada sintesis lipid. Mikroalga dikultivasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan variabel air laut tertentu dan diamati laju pertumbuhannya untuk mengetahui medium optimum, yaitu air laut : aquadest = 50:50. Lalu, mikroalga dikultivasi pada medium optimum dengan variable konsentrasi mikroalga, didapat konsentrasi optimum sebesar 60%. Mikroalga kemudian dikultivasi dengan variable laju alir nitrogen, berdasrkan penelitian Noerdjito, dkk., bahwa kandungan lipid sebesar 16,83% berpotensi sebagai bahan baku biodiesel.Kata kunci : biodiesel, mikroalga, lipid, Chlorella sp, starvasi nitrogen

Tolitoli is one of regencies in Central Sulawesi province that has fisheries and marine resources which are potentially exploited and developed. The total area of Tolitoli regency is 4079.77 km² land and 3008.59 oceans km² area with a long range 453.98 km coastline. Administratively, Tolitoli consists of 10 districts (9 of which are districts that have coastal areas), 104 villages (60 of which are coastal villages) and 43 islands (13 inhabited islands and 30 uninhabited islands) which are small islands scattered along the coastal areas. In addition, Tolitoli have 3 outer islands bordering neighboring country: Lingayan Island, Island Salando and Dolangan Island. Resource potential and development of coastal fisheries Tolitoli has an area of ​​707 ha of mangrove and coral 11568.5 ha. For mariculture potential is around 2011, 10.800 ha with a total production 702.4 tonnes, inland aquaculture 4250 ha with a total production of 499 tonnes. Cathing fisheries was exploited in 2011 for approximately 30009.21 tonnes/year by the number of RTP 2500 households. As for the potential location of fish processing is 29 000 M² with a production of 210.3 tonnes. For tourism potential there are 14 potential tourism attractions that can be favored by local governments to be developed© Kabupaten Tolitoli merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang memiliki sumberdaya perikanan dan kelautan yang potensial untuk dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan. Luas Kabupaten Tolitoli yaitu 4.079,77 km² daratan dan 3.008,59 km² wilayah lautan dengan panjang garis pantai berkisar 453,98 km. Secara administratif, Kabupaten Tolitoli terdiri dari 10 kecamatan (9 di antaranya merupakan kecamatan yang mempunyai wilayah pesisir) dan jumlah desa sebanyak 104 (jumlah desa pesisir sebanyak 60) serta mempunyai 43 pulau (13 pulau berpenghuni dan 30 pulau tidak berpenghuni) yang merupakan pulau-pulau kecil yang tersebar di sepanjang wilayah pesisir. Selain itu, Kabupaten Tolitoli memiliki 3 pulau terluar yang berbatasan dengan negara tetangga Malaysia, yaitu Pulau Lingayan, Pulau Salando, dan Pulau Dolangan.Potensi sumberdaya dan pengembangan perikanan pesisir Kabupaten Tolitoli memiliki ekosistem mangrove seluas 707 Ha, Karang 11.568,5 Ha.Untuk potensi budidaya laut tahun 2011 seluas10.800 Ha dengan jumlah produksi 702,4 ton,budidaya perikanan darat/tambak 4.250 Ha dengan jumlah produksi 499 ton. Potensi perikanan tangkap yang termanfaatkan pada tahun 2011 sekitar 30.009,21 ton/tahun dengan jumlah RTP 2.500 KK. Sedangkan untuk luas lokasi potensi pengolahan hasil perikanan yaitu 29.000 M² dengan produksi 210,3 ton. Untuk potensi pariwisata terdapat 14 objek wisata yang dapat diunggulkan oleh pemerintah daerah untuk dikembangkan©

Briareos: If it's so quiet, then why do they need machines like that? I thought it was supposed to be peacetime. I'll tell you why-eighty per cent of the people here are artificial. Genetic engineering's out of control! -- Shirow, Appleseed 1.5: 37. Welcome to the 'machine' issue of M/C, appropriately mediated to you through the global network of machines sometimes known as the Internet. The question of the machine might seem a curious one for media and cultural studies scholars -- after all, commonsense tells us that whilst machines may let us practice culture or produce media, they are by definition not cultural. The cultural, the human, the social, is that which is left after all the nonhuman components have been properly contained within a 'machine'. And yet, what is a machine? When we talk of the machine in everyday discourse, it is always, explicitly or implicitly, part of a binary opposition between humans and machines, between motive biology and immobile artefacts, between active subjects and passive objects. In a similar vein the machine is always spectral, always metaphoric: it is one of the defining tropes of our industrialised civilisation. Whether it is the machinic Gehenna of H. G. Wells's or Fritz Lang's nightmares, all demonic steam engines and inhuman cogs; the shadowy, fifth column clones of Appleseed or the invasive 'Alien' that is micro-computerisation, the Human Genome project and nanotechnology, the machine is a metaphor that structures all levels of our relationships to culture. In scientific thought, at least since Newton and Descartes, the world has been composed of machines -- instruments which transmit and direct force, and which can be investigated, manipulated, invented. In humanistic thought, the machine is the other, the Frankenstein, the binary category against which the human gains its definition. It is the gleaming machine against which unruly women have been defined, the efficient machine against which uncontrollable mobs have had no recourse, the starkly military machine against which disenfranchised and colonised peoples have had no recourse but death. The machine is thus a significant cultural category, organising and policing ideological, discursive, historical, spiritual and political boundaries. In this issue of M/C, a range of authors address from different perspectives this question of the machine and its imbricated other, the human. Our feature writer, Anna Munster, in "Love Machines" critiques contemporary writing about sexuality and sexual experiences in cyberspace, commenting that "an erotic relation with the technological is occluded in most accounts of the sexual in cyberspace and in many engagements with digital technologies", arguing instead that these accounts engage in a kind of "onanistic" logic instead. She begins to address ways around this unsatisfactory arrangement by using the theories of Félix Guattari and Avital Ronell. Our second feature article is by the feminist philosopher and sociologist of technology, Zoë Sofoulis. In an article entitled "Machinic Musings with Mumford", Sofoulis returns to historian of technology Lewis Mumford for ideas about the role and purpose of machines in cultural development. She suggests that the machine's fascinating autonomy may inspire notions of the 'post-human', which can be critiqued from Mumford's humanist position as well as Latour's "non modern" stance. Taking up Mumford's point about the over-emphasis on machines in technology studies, Sofoulis argues that it is important to look at machines not just as things in themselves, but also the purposes they serve. A concern with the work of Guattari returns in Andreas Broeckmann's article "Minor Media -- Heterogenic Machines". Broeckmann reads a series of works by contemporary artists through the prism of Guattari's writings on art, media and the machine to argue that the "line of flight" of such media experimentation "is the construction of new and strong forms of subjectivity". Such artistic practices, which draw upon the networking and transformative features of digital media, Broeckmann suggests, "point us in the direction of the positive potentials of post media". 'Desire' Issue Editor Laurie Johnson takes a slightly different tack in this issue by developing a reading of classic 50s SF film Forbidden Planet in order to come to terms with deleuzoguattarian theorisations of the machine. He asks the question of Deleuze and Guattari: "how can we use a concept of machine that claims to go beyond the concept of utility (or techné, the function of technical machines)?" Johnson's article "Félix and Gilles's Tempestuous, Monstrous Machines" develops through a sophisticated cross-reading of Forbidden Planet with its source text, The Tempest, and the analysis of civilization that Deleuze and Guattari elaborate in Anti-Oedipus: "what the film demonstrates instead is that stripping a civilisation of its instrumentalities produces something other than just a return of the primitive repressed". In "From Haptic Interfaces to Man-Machine Symbiosis", Sonja Kangas provides an historicised account of the ways in which humans and machines interact with one another, which develops into a discussion of the problems of interactivity from the paradigm of game interface design. Drawing on the notions of cultural capital as developed by Pierre Bourdieu and the theorisations of the cyborg by Donna Haraway, Susan Luckman in "XX @ MM: Cyborg Subjectivity as Millennial Fashion Statement" addresses "some of the ways in which the traditional determinants of class are being redefined in light of the so-called postmodern capitalist information economy". In doing so she brings in "nerd chic", cyborgs, rave culture and I-Macs. Paul Benneworth, in his article "The Machine as Mythology -- The Case of the Joyce-Loebl Microdensitometer", takes us on an archeology of technology, examining the history and the fate of a small, pre-digital measuring device, the microdensitometer. His social history locates the device within its geographic and historical -- as well as its technological -- milieux, to demonstrate that the existence of any machine depends upon far more than merely its technical characteristics; that every machine is a social machine. If the machinic philosophy of Félix Guattari is the refrain of this issue of M/C, then Donna Haraway's cyborg metaphor is its melody. Drawing on the work of Haraway, Sophie Taysom's article "True Love Is a Trued Wheel: Technopleasure in Mountain Biking" seeks to make clear some of the ways in which mountain biking magazines have an important role in negotiating the boundaries between the "inside" and "outside" of mountain biking practices. Taysom achieves this by conducting a semiotic reading of this magazine genre, to prise open the trope of technology and see how it is reconfigured both literally and figuratively within their pages. Frances Bonner takes to task the highly gendered division in Science Fiction of "hard" and "soft" SF through an analysis of the representations of the 'technological' in Lois McMaster Bujold's Vorkosigan saga. As Bonner explains, this series is not so easily placed in either category, mixing as it does the tropes of space adventure with explorations of the ramifications of advanced reproductive technology. The engagement with the work of Guattari returns as a coda in Belinda Barnet's article "Machinic Heterogenesis and Evolution: Collected Notes on Sound, Machines and Sonicform". Hotwiring together Guattari's machinic philosophy with the work of the complexity theorists such as Stuart Kauffman and Ilya Prigogine, and using the example of the self-organising and evolving Sonicform Web site/sound system, Barnet examines the use and spread of evolutionary metaphors beyond their scientific origins. As she points out, "evolution is not just conflict, competition, selfish genes, tree diagrams, living and non-living systems. It's not just something furry, crawling things do. It's music. It's a dance. Poetic-existential. Hybrid subjectivities. And all the wor(l)ds in between". Nick Caldwell, Sean Aylward Smith -- 'Machine' Issue Editors Citation reference for this article MLA style: Nick Caldwell, Sean Aylward Smith. "Editorial: 'Machine'." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 2.6 (1999). [your date of access] <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9909/edit.php>. Chicago style: Nick Caldwell, Sean Aylward Smith, "Editorial: 'Machine'," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 2, no. 6 (1999), <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9909/edit.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: Nick Caldwell, Sean Aylward Smith. (1999) Editorial: 'machine'. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 2(6). <http://www.uq.edu.au/mc/9909/edit.php> ([your date of access]).