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1

Kopecky, Kai L., Dana T. Cook, Russell J. Schmitt, and Adrian C. Stier. "Effects of corallivory and coral colony density on coral growth and survival." Coral Reefs 40, no. 2 (2021): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02076-z.

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AbstractA suite of processes drive variation in coral populations in space and time, yet our understanding of how variation in coral density affects coral performance is limited. Theory predicts that reductions in density can send coral populations into a predator pit, where concentrated corallivory maintains corals at low densities. In reality, how variation in coral density alters corallivory rates is poorly resolved. Here, we experimentally quantified the effects of corallivory and coral density on growth and survival of small colonies of the staghorn coral Acropora pulchra. Our findings su
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2

Moerland, Michelangelo S., Chad M. Scott, and Bert W. Hoeksema. "Prey selection of corallivorous muricids at Koh Tao (Gulf of Thailand) four years after a major coral bleaching event." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 3 (2016): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08503003.

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Corallivorous Drupella (Muricidae) snails at Koh Tao are reported to have extended their range of prey species following a major coral bleaching event in 2010. Populations of their preferred Acropora prey had locally diminished in both size and abundance, and the snails had introduced free-living mushroom corals in their diet. Although the coral community largely recovered, the Drupella population grew and reached outbreak proportions. For this study, corallivorous muricids at Koh Tao were studied more intensively to examine their identities, distribution and prey choice four years after the b
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3

Konow, Nicolai, Samantha Price, Richard Abom, David Bellwood, and Peter Wainwright. "Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1860 (2017): 20170906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0906.

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The diversity of fishes on coral reefs is influenced by the evolution of feeding innovations. For instance, the evolution of an intramandibular jaw joint has aided shifts to corallivory in Chaetodon butterflyfishes following their Miocene colonization of coral reefs. Today, over half of all Chaetodon species consume coral, easily the largest concentration of corallivores in any reef fish family. In contrast with Chaetodon , other chaetodontids, including the long-jawed bannerfishes, remain less intimately associated with coral and mainly consume other invertebrate prey. Here, we test (i) if in
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4

Wouthuyzen, Sam, Frensly D. Hukom, Hendriks A. W. Cappenberg, et al. "Contrasting reef fish diversity and abundance in the Derawan Islands: A multi-temporal observations." E3S Web of Conferences 442 (2023): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344201007.

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Derawan Island, East Kalimantan Province, is located in the coral triangle, the center of mega biodiversity of the world's marine life, including reef fish. In this study, reef fish data were collected from 1994, 2003, and 2019 at six islands (Panjang, Derawan, Samama, Sangalaki, Kakaban, and Maratua) in Derawan Islands using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) technique. The analysis results focused on herbivores, carnivores, and corallivores reef fish show that the total species diversity and abundance in 1994, 2003, and 2019 amounted to 116 species (5,268 fish/ha), 93 species (2,664 fish/ha)
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5

Mah, Christopher L. "New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region." Zootaxa 3926, no. 2 (2015): 211–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.3.

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Mah, Christopher L. (2015): New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region. Zootaxa 3926 (2): 211-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.3
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6

Scott, C. M., R. Mehrotra, M. Y. Hein, M. S. Moerland, and B. W. Hoeksema. "Population dynamics of corallivores (Drupella and Acanthaster) on coral reefs of Koh Tao, a diving destination in the Gulf of Thailand." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65 (April 5, 2017): 68–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5355913.

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Scott, C. M., Mehrotra, R., Hein, M. Y., Moerland, M. S., Hoeksema, B. W. (2017): Population dynamics of corallivores (Drupella and Acanthaster) on coral reefs of Koh Tao, a diving destination in the Gulf of Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 68-79, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5355913
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7

Mah, Christopher, Martha Nizinski, and Lonny Lundsten. "Corrigendum Phylogenetic revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): systematics of deep sea corallivores, including one new genus and three new species." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160, no. 2 (2010): 266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00638.x.

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Mah, Christopher, Nizinski, Martha, Lundsten, Lonny (2010): Corrigendum Phylogenetic revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): systematics of deep sea corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (2): 266, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00638.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00638.x
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8

Berumen, M. L., and R. D. Rotjan. "New records of corallivory in the Red Sea." Coral Reefs 29, no. 3 (2010): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0615-4.

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9

Claremont, M., D. G. Reid, and S. T. Williams. "Evolution of corallivory in the gastropod genus Drupella." Coral Reefs 30, no. 4 (2011): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0788-5.

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10

Rotjan, Randi D., and James L. Dimond. "Discriminating causes from consequences of persistent parrotfish corallivory." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 390, no. 2 (2010): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.04.036.

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11

Rice, Mallory M., Rebecca L. Maher, Rebecca Vega Thurber, and Deron E. Burkepile. "Different nitrogen sources speed recovery from corallivory and uniquely alter the microbiome of a reef-building coral." PeerJ 7 (November 15, 2019): e8056. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8056.

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Corals are in decline worldwide due to local anthropogenic stressors, such as nutrient loading, and global stressors, such as ocean warming. Anthropogenic nutrient loading, which is often rich in nitrate, inhibits coral growth and worsens corals’ response to warming while natural sources of nitrogen, such as ammonium from fish excretion, promotes coral growth. Although the effects of nutrient loading and ocean warming have been well-studied, it remains unclear how these factors may interact with biotic processes, such as corallivory, to alter coral health and the coral microbiome. This study e
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12

Montano, Simone, Simone Fattorini, Valeriano Parravicini, et al. "Corals hosting symbiotic hydrozoans are less susceptible to predation and disease." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1869 (2017): 20172405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2405.

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In spite of growing evidence that climate change may dramatically affect networks of interacting species, whether—and to what extent—ecological interactions can mediate species' responses to disturbances is an open question. Here we show how a largely overseen association such as that between hydrozoans and scleractinian corals could be possibly associated with a reduction in coral susceptibility to ever-increasing predator and disease outbreaks. We examined 2455 scleractinian colonies (from both Maldivian and the Saudi Arabian coral reefs) searching for non-random patterns in the occurrence o
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13

Huertas, Víctor, Renato A. Morais, Roberta M. Bonaldo, and David R. Bellwood. "Parrotfish corallivory on stress-tolerant corals in the Anthropocene." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0250725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250725.

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Cumulative anthropogenic stressors on tropical reefs are modifying the physical and community structure of coral assemblages, altering the rich biological communities that depend on this critical habitat. As a consequence, new reef configurations are often characterized by low coral cover and a shift in coral species towards massive and encrusting corals. Given that coral numbers are dwindling in these new reef systems, it is important to evaluate the potential influence of coral predation on these remaining corals. We examined the effect of a key group of coral predators (parrotfishes) on one
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14

Cole, A. J., M. S. Pratchett, and G. P. Jones. "Corallivory in tubelip wrasses: diet, feeding and trophic importance." Journal of Fish Biology 76, no. 4 (2010): 818–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02530.x.

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15

Bettarel, Yvan, Sébastien Halary, Jean-Christophe Auguet, et al. "Corallivory and the microbial debacle in two branching scleractinians." ISME Journal 12, no. 4 (2018): 1109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-017-0033-5.

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16

Stella, J. S. "Evidence of corallivory by the keyhole limpet Diodora galeata." Coral Reefs 31, no. 2 (2012): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-012-0877-0.

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17

Pratchett, M. S., N. A. J. Graham, and A. J. Cole. "Specialist corallivores dominate butterflyfish assemblages in coral-dominated reef habitats." Journal of Fish Biology 82, no. 4 (2013): 1177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12056.

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18

Lenihan, HS, and PJ Edmunds. "Response of Pocillopora verrucosa to corallivory varies with environmental conditions." Marine Ecology Progress Series 409 (June 23, 2010): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08595.

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19

Burkepile, Deron E. "Context-dependent corallivory by parrotfishes in a Caribbean reef ecosystem." Coral Reefs 31, no. 1 (2011): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0824-5.

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20

Burkepile, Deron E., Thomas C. Adam, Madelyn Roycroft, Mark C. Ladd, Katrina S. Munsterman, and Benjamin I. Ruttenberg. "Species-specific patterns in corallivory and spongivory among Caribbean parrotfishes." Coral Reefs 38, no. 3 (2019): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01808-6.

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21

Rotjan, Randi D., and Sara M. Lewis. "Parrotfish abundance and selective corallivory on a Belizean coral reef." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335, no. 2 (2006): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.03.015.

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22

Zapata, Fernando A., María Del Mar Palacios, Valentina Zambrano, and Melina Rodríguez-Moreno. "Filling the gaps: first record of the Crown-of-thorns Starfish, Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) (Spinulosida: Acanthasteridae), at Gorgona Island, Colombia, Tropical Eastern Pacific." Check List 13, no. 3 (2017): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2112.

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We report the occurrence of a major corallivore, the Crown-of-thorns Starfish Acanthaster planci, on the coral reefs of Gorgona Island, Tropical Eastern Pacific. Three individuals were sighted on opposite sides of the island, where they fed on small coral colonies of Pavona varians and Pocillopora damicornis. These sightings are noteworthy in light of reports that have demonstrated that the geographic distribution of A. planci is gradually increasing in the equatorial eastern Pacific, particularly south of the Gulf of Chiriquí (Panama) where it was previously absent.
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23

Zapata, Fernando, María Palacios, Valentina Zambrano, and Melina Rodríguez-Moreno. "Filling the gaps: first record of the Crown-of-thorns Starfish, Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) (Spinulosida: Acanthasteridae), at Gorgona Island, Colombia, Tropical Eastern Pacific." Check List 13, no. (3) (2017): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2112.

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We report the occurrence of a major corallivore, the Crown-of-thorns Starfish <em>Acanthaster planci</em>, on the coral reefs of Gorgona Island, Tropical Eastern Pacific. Three individuals were sighted on opposite sides of the island, where they fed on small coral colonies of <em>Pavona varians</em> and<em> Pocillopora damicornis</em>. These sightings are noteworthy in light of reports that have demonstrated that the geographic distribution of <em>A. planci</em> is gradually increasing in the equatorial eastern Pacific, particularly south of the Gulf of Chiriquí (Panama) where it was previousl
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24

Cole, A. J. "Cleaning to corallivory: ontogenetic shifts in feeding ecology of tubelip wrasse." Coral Reefs 29, no. 1 (2009): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0563-z.

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25

Lenihan, Hunter S., Sally J. Holbrook, Russell J. Schmitt, and Andrew J. Brooks. "Influence of corallivory, competition, and habitat structure on coral community shifts." Ecology 92, no. 10 (2011): 1959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0108.1.

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26

MORTON, BRIAN, GRAHAM BLACKMORE, and C. T. KWOK. "CORALLIVORY AND PREY CHOICE BY DRUPELLA RUGOSA (GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) IN HONG KONG." Journal of Molluscan Studies 68, no. 3 (2002): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/68.3.217.

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27

Mumby, Peter J. "Herbivory versus corallivory: are parrotfish good or bad for Caribbean coral reefs?" Coral Reefs 28, no. 3 (2009): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0501-0.

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28

Palacios, M. M., C. G. Muñoz, and F. A. Zapata. "Fish corallivory on a pocilloporid reef and experimental coral responses to predation." Coral Reefs 33, no. 3 (2014): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1173-y.

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29

Wolf, Alexander T., and Maggy M. Nugues. "Synergistic effects of algal overgrowth and corallivory on Caribbean reef-building corals." Ecology 94, no. 8 (2013): 1667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0680.1.

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30

Ozten Low, L. Alev, Max Willems, and Bert W. Hoeksema. "The West Atlantic Hoary Rubble Crab, Banareia palmeri, Behaves Like a Corallivore." Diversity 17, no. 3 (2025): 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17030144.

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Various photographs of the West Atlantic hoary rubble crab, Banareia palmeri (Rathbun, 1894), published on the internet show individuals being perched on branching octocorals. This habitat relationship has not been given attention in the scientific literature. The crab belongs to the brachyuran decapod family Xanthidae, which includes other species that associate with corals and zoantharians. Other aspects of the biology of B. palmeri, such as its diet, are unknown. During a night dive in Bonaire, an individual of B. palmeri was observed cutting off the tip of a sea rod, Pseudoplexaura sp., an
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31

Deaker, DJ, B. Mos, C. Lawson, SA Dworjanyn, C. Budden, and M. Byrne. "Coral defences: the perilous transition of juvenile crown-of-thorns starfish to corallivory." Marine Ecology Progress Series 665 (April 29, 2021): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13660.

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The transition from the post-settlement herbivorous juvenile to the coral-eating stage of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is a fundamental step to seed population outbreaks that decimate tropical coral reefs. How the highly cryptic juveniles fare during this transition is poorly understood. We show that the juveniles are vulnerable to attack by coral during this ontogenetic diet shift to coral prey. We monitored the condition, growth, and survival of juvenile COTS during the first 3.5 mo on a diet of Acropora sp. In initial encounters, juveniles often withdrew their arms to avoid the defensive
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32

Brooker, R. M., P. L. Munday, and T. D. Ainsworth. "Diets of coral-dwelling fishes of the genus Gobiodon with evidence of corallivory." Journal of Fish Biology 76, no. 10 (2010): 2578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02644.x.

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33

Oren, U., I. Brickner, and Y. Loya. "Prudent sessile feeding by the corallivore snail, Coralliophila violacea on coral energy sinks." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 265, no. 1410 (1998): 2043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0538.

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34

Jarett, J. K., D. J. Gochfeld, and M. P. Lesser. "Aposematic coloration does not deter corallivory by fish on the coral Montastraea cavernosa." Coral Reefs 35, no. 3 (2016): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1443-y.

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35

Glynn, Peter W., and David A. Krupp. "Feeding biology of a Hawaiian sea star corallivore, Culcita novaeguineae Muller & Troschel." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 96, no. 1 (1986): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90014-6.

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36

Fitt, William K. "Bleaching and a Corallivore of the Coral Siderastrea radians in the Florida Keys." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 4 (2025): 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040650.

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The tropical coral Siderasterea radians is typically found in mangrove areas, seagrass beds, and environments tolerated by few other scleractinians in the Caribbean and South Florida. Siderastrea radians experience bleaching stress in Buttonwood Sound in Florida Bay during April–May, a time when the seawater is below bleaching temperatures. Stress first appears as a pink coloration due to the presence of fluorescent pigments protecting the coral tissue and algal symbionts from exposure to excessive sunlight/UV light. Surveys of S. radians in areas frequented by parrotfish showed that up to 38.
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37

Boland, Raymond C., K. David Hyrenbach, Edward E. DeMartini, Frank A. Parrish, and John J. Rooney. "Comparing mesophotic and shallow reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, Hawaii: fish size, feeding guild composition, species richness, and endemism." Bulletin of Marine Science 96, no. 4 (2020): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0031.

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Mesophotic (30–150 m) reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, between the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Lanai, were compared visually with neighboring shallow (&lt;30 m depth) reef fish assemblages for differences in structure. Between 2007 and 2011, approximately 7000 mesophotic and 4000 shallow reef fishes were identified, sized (standard length), and assigned to seven foraging guilds. The shallow water zone had more species than the mesophotic zone (99 vs 80, respectively). Mesophotic planktivores and two herbivore species were significantly larger than their shallow reef counterparts.
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38

Crosby, Michael P., and Ernst S. Reese. "Relationship of habitat stability and intra-specific population dynamics of an obligate corallivore butterflyfish." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15, S1 (2005): S13—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.697.

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39

Deaker, Dione J., Antonio Agüera, Huang-An Lin, et al. "The hidden army: corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastars can spend years as herbivorous juveniles." Biology Letters 16, no. 4 (2020): 20190849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0849.

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Crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS) outbreaks are a major threat to coral reefs. Although the herbivorous juveniles and their switch to corallivory are key to seeding outbreaks, they remain a black box in our understanding of COTS. We investigated the impact of a delay in diet transition due to coral scarcity in cohorts reared on crustose coralline algae for 10 months and 6.5 years before being offered coral. Both cohorts achieved an asymptotic size (16–18 mm diameter) on algae and had similar exponential growth on coral. After 6.5 years of herbivory, COTS were competent coral predators. This troph
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40

Santiago-Padua, Paola, Jeremy Velázquez-Alvarado, Arelys Del Mar López-Pérez, et al. "Demographic and population response of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis (Scleractinia, Acroporidae) to fireworm corallivory." Revista de Biología Tropical 71, S1 (2023): 254912. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is1.54912.

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Introduction: The fireworm Hermodice carunculata is a widespread polychaete that can prey upon many coral species. However, few studies have examined the effect of fireworm predation on coral demographics during non-outbreak periods. &#x0D; Objective: To determine whether predation by H. carunculata compromised the growth, survival, and population performance of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis. &#x0D; Methods: Nursery-reared coral fragments (n = 99) were fixed to the bottom of Punta Melones reef in the Island Municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico. Predation activity and its demographi
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41

Bruckner, Andrew W., and Georgia Coward. "Abnormal density of Culcita schmideliana delays recovery of a reef system in the Maldives following a catastrophic bleaching event." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 2 (2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18184.

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Culcita spp. are facultative corallivores that can have a selective effect on coral composition due to their feeding preference for Acropora spp. and Pocillopora spp. Although Culcita are normally rare (&amp;lt;0.5 per 100m2), mean densities of up to 9.2 sea stars per 100m2 were observed on a Maldivian reef system, with the highest numbers on the reef flat and reef crest. Culcita fed on 12 genera of corals, but showed a distinct preference for Pocillopora (51%) and Acropora (21%). Formerly the dominant corals on Maldivian reefs, these genera sustained 80–95% mortality from coral bleaching in 2
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42

Rafly, Nidzar Muhammad, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, and Widiastuti Widiastuti. "Hubungan Rugositas Terumbu Karang terhadap Struktur Komunitas Ikan Corallivor dan Herbivor di Perairan Pemuteran, Bali." Journal of Marine Research and Technology 3, no. 1 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmrt.2020.v03.i01.p02.

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Reef fishes are the highest number of organisms that can be found in coral reefs in which the abundance depends on the healthy of this ecosystem. Reef fishes are mainly consisted of corallivorous and herbivorous fish. Corralivorous fish feeds on coral polyps while herbivorous fish feeds on algae. Therefore these fishes are an important indicators in the resilience of coral reefs. Studies showed that its abundance is strongly correlated with reef’s conture (rugosity). Pemuteran waters is one of developing tourists attraction in the north Bali island. However, the data of reef fishes and coral r
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43

Roff, George, Mary H. Ledlie, Juan C. Ortiz, and Peter J. Mumby. "Spatial Patterns of Parrotfish Corallivory in the Caribbean: The Importance of Coral Taxa, Density and Size." PLoS ONE 6, no. 12 (2011): e29133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029133.

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44

Reyes-Bonilla, Hector, and Luis Eduardo Calderon-Aguilera. "Population Density, Distribution and Consumption Rates of Three Corallivores at Cabo Pulmo Reef, Gulf of California, Mexico." Marine Ecology 20, no. 3-4 (1999): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0485.1999.2034080.x.

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45

Potkamp, Gerrit, Mark J. A. Vermeij, and Bert W. Hoeksema. "Genetic and morphological variation in corallivorous snails (Coralliophila spp.) living on different host corals at Curaçao, southern Caribbean." Contributions to Zoology 86, no. 2 (2017): 111—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08602002.

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Snails of the genus Coralliophila (Muricidae: Coralliophilinae) are common corallivores in the Caribbean, feeding on a wide range of host species. In the present study, the morphological and genetic variation in C. galea and C. caribaea were studied in relation to their association with host coral species at Curaçao. Differences in shell shape among snails living on different hosts were quantified using geometric morphometric and phylogenetic relationships were studied using two mitochondrial markers (12S and COI). Based on these analyses, a new species, C. curacaoensis sp. nov., was found in
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46

Prabowo, B., K. Fahlevy, N. F. D. Putra, et al. "Trophic structure of reef fishes and relationship of corallivore fishes with hard coral in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278 (May 23, 2019): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012059.

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Montalbetti, Enrico, Luca Saponari, Simone Montano, et al. "New insights into the ecology and corallivory of Culcita sp. (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Republic of Maldives." Hydrobiologia 827, no. 1 (2018): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3786-6.

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48

Ridwan, Ridwan, Nurliah Nurliah, and Edwin Jefri. "Variation of Coral Fish Communities in Coral Transplantation Sites, Kecinan Beach, Malaka Village, North Lombok." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 3 (2023): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5106.

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Abstract:
Coral reefs are a very complex ecosystem with a fairly high diversity of biota, the existence of coral fish will be greatly affected by the condition of coral reefs, coral transplantation is an effort to restore coral reefs which aims to improve coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to look at the reef fish community in coral transplant media. Data collection was carried out on January 15 – February 26, 2023. The method used in this study was a survey method. Data was collected using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) technique and underwater cameras using SCUBA equipment. Data collection was
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Knoester, EG, AJ Murk, and R. Osinga. "Benefits of herbivorous fish outweigh costs of corallivory in coral nurseries placed close to a Kenyan patch reef." Marine Ecology Progress Series 611 (February 14, 2019): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12869.

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Tsang, Ryan Ho Leung, Apple Pui Yi Chui, Kwan Ting Wong, and Put Ang. "Corallivory plays a limited role in the mortality of new coral recruits in Hong Kong marginal coral communities." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 503 (June 2018): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.03.003.

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