Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Core box'
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Scott, Martin James. "Characterisation of a human DEAD-box protein (DDX3) and its interaction with hepatitis C virus core protein." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394820.
Full textHlavsa, Petr. "Optimalizace vlastností formovací směsi vodního jádra hlav válců." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228316.
Full textFreitas, Helena Robalinho. "Novas formulações de areias de macho para processo Hot Box." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16971.
Full textO presente trabalho foi executado no âmbito do estágio curricular realizado na empresa de produção de componentes sanitários Grohe Portugal, sediada na zona industrial de Albergaria-a-Velha. Trata-se de uma indústria de fundição de latão, cujos produtos abrangem sobretudo torneiras e chuveiros. O trabalho teve como principal objetivo criar novas formulações de areias de macho para o processo Hot Box, por forma a melhorar a qualidade dos machos produzidos. Foi iniciada uma análise do sistema utilizado pela Grohe, incluindo o controlo das principais variáveis inerentes ao processo. Verificou-se que as matérias-primas utilizadas (areia, resina, endurecedor e conservante) eram as adequadas e, quantitativamente, o doseamento de cada uma delas era o correto. A distribuição granulométrica da areia utilizada (areia SP 45) cumpria as especificações técnicas dadas pelo fornecedor. Foi feita uma análise à temperatura das caixas de macho, tendo sido constatado que os valores eram os adequados ao processo. Foram realizadas análises térmicas à areia de macho: análise térmica diferencial (ATD) e análise termogravimétrica (ATG). Através da relação entre perdas de massa e reações endo/exotérmicas compreendeu-se melhor o processo químico de polimerização da resina furânica do tipo ureia-formaldeído usada no fabrico dos machos. Foram ainda realizados ensaios mecânicos de flexão e compressão a um conjunto de provetes representativos destes machos. Os provetes foram preparados numa máquina de machos manual e, numa segunda tentativa, utilizando partes de machos da produção. Em ambos os casos, os valores de resistência mecânica medidos após diferentes tempos de repouso após cura, ao longo de 6h, não foram constantes, revelando alguma falta de reprodutibilidade na preparação dos provetes. Numa segunda fase do trabalho, foram definidas diferentes formulações de machos, variando o tipo de areia utilizada e a proporção REC/A (quantidade de resina+endurecedor+conservante/quantidade de areia). Para isso foram utilizadas quatro areias diferentes (SP 45, SP 55, SP 49 e H-S 00108) e comparadas entre si em termos de distribuição granulométrica, tamanho médio de grão, morfologia do grão e área superficial específica. Para as diferentes quantidades de matérias-primas utilizadas, foram usadas as proporções de REC/A (em peso) = 1%, 1,4%, 1,6%, 1,9%, 2,4% e 2,8%. Em seguida, 0h e 24h após a preparação dos provetes, foram executados na empresa Fundipor (fornecedora da Grohe) ensaios de resistência à flexão, de dureza e de permeabilidade às diferentes composições de machos. Este conjunto de ensaios permitiu concluir que o melhor sistema para o processo Hot Box, é a nova formulação com areia SP 55 e proporção REC/A = 1,5%. Uma análise de consumos com esta formulação revelou uma poupança de 23% em resina, 22% em endurecedor e 25% em conservante.
This work was performed under the internship carried out in the sanitary components production company Grohe Portugal, located in the industrial park of Albergaria-a-Velha. Grohe is a brass foundry company, whose products include mainly faucets and showerheads. The work aimed to create new formulations of core sands for Hot Box process, in order to improve their quality and reduce fabrication costs. Firstly, an analysis of the system used by Grohe was carried out, including the control of the key variables inherent to the process. It was concluded that the raw materials used (sand, resin, hardener and additive) and the relative amounts were adequate. The size distribution of the sand used (SP 45) followed the technical specifications provided by the supplier. The temperature of the core boxes was measured and found correct. Thermal analyses were performed on the core sand: differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The relationship between mass loss and endo/exothermic reactions, allowed a better understanding of the chemical polymerization process of the furan resin urea-formaldehyde used in the cores. Bending and compression mechanical tests were also carried out to produce a set of representative samples of Grohe sand cores. Samples were firstly prepared manually in a core machine and, in a second attempt, using parts of production cores. In both cases, mechanical strength values measured at fixed intervals over a period of 6h after curing were not constant, showing that there was no reproducibility regarding the specimen’s preparation. In a second part of the work, different formulations of cores were defined by varying the type of sand used and the ratio REC/A (amount of resin + hardener + additive / amount of sand). For this, four different types of sand were used (SP 45, SP 55, SP 49 and H-S 00108) and compared in terms of particle size distribution, average grain size, grain morphology and specific surface area. For different quantities of raw materials used, the proportions in weight percent were REC/A = 1%, 1,4%, 1,6%, 1,9%, 2,4% and 2,8%. After 0h and 24h of sample preparation, bending tests, hardness tests and permeability tests were performed at Fundipor (a Grohe supplier). It was concluded that the best system for the Hot Box process should be a new formulation with sand SP 55 and a ratio of REC/ A= 1,5%. Moreover, the analysis of consumptions revealed that this formulation allows the following savings at Grohe: 23% of resin, 22% of hardener and 25% of additive.
Kokulapalan, Wimalanathan. "Genome-wide Computational Analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Promoters." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1320638327.
Full textHöghäll, Anton. "Tuning of Metaheuristics for Systems Biology Applications." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58842.
Full textIn the field of systems biology the task of finding optimal model parameters is a common procedure. The optimization problems encountered are often multi-modal, i.e., with several local optima. In this thesis, a class of algorithms for multi-modal problems called metaheuristics are studied. A downside of metaheuristic algorithms is that they are dependent on algorithm settings in order to yield ideal performance.This thesis studies an approach to tune these algorithm settings using user constructed test functions which are faster to evaluate than an actual biological model. A statistical procedure is constructed in order to distinguish differences in performance between different configurations. Three optimization algorithms are examined closer, namely, scatter search, particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing. However, the statistical procedure used can be applied to any algorithm that has configurable options.The results are inconclusive in the sense that performance advantages between configurations in the test functions are not necessarily transferred onto real biological models. However, of the algorithms studied a scatter search implementation was the clear top performer in general. The set of test functions used must be studied if any further work is to be made following this thesis.In the field of systems biology the task of finding optimal model parameters is a common procedure. The optimization problems encountered are often multi-modal, i.e., with several local optima. In this thesis, a class of algorithms for multi-modal problems called metaheuristics are studied. A downside of metaheuristic algorithms is that they are dependent on algorithm settings in order to yield ideal performance.
This thesis studies an approach to tune these algorithm settings using user constructed test functions which are faster to evaluate than an actual biological model. A statistical procedure is constructed in order to distinguish differences in performance between different configurations. Three optimization algorithms are examined closer, namely, scatter search, particle swarm optimization, and simulated annealing. However, the statistical procedure used can be applied to any algorithm that has configurable options.
The results are inconclusive in the sense that performance advantages between configurations in the test functions are not necessarily transferred onto real biological models. However, of the algorithms studied a scatter search implementation was the clear top performer in general. The set of test functions used must be studied if any further work is to be made following this thesis.
Dalrymple, David A. "Identification of hepatitis C virus core protein residues critical for the interaction with the cellular DEAD-Box Helicase DDX3 and their functional relevance." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/52/.
Full textAngus, Allan G. N. "Investigating the interaction between the Hepatitis C virus core protein and the cellular DEAD-box protein DDX3 and its importance in virus replication." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3551/.
Full textKlíma, Jiří. "Aplikace víceosového frézování na obrábění tvarové součásti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231738.
Full textPaieri, Francesca [Verfasser], and Dario [Akademischer Betreuer] Leister. "Expression of the plant Photosystem II core proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and characterization of the DEAD-box RNA helicase RH50 of A. thaliana / Francesca Paieri ; Betreuer: Dario Leister." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1192215362/34.
Full textKrawitz, Ronald Michael. "Code Clone Discovery Based on Functional Behavior." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/201.
Full textGroth, Erika. "Functional Diversification among MADS-Box Genes and the Evolution of Conifer Seed Cone Development." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysiologisk botanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-128937.
Full textHung, Che Shian. "Boa Views: Enabling Modularization and Sharing of Boa Queries." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1563557234898944.
Full textSiloto, Leticia Schmidt. "Comparação entre a população folicular ovariana antral e pré-antral de fêmeas Bos indicus e ½ Bos indicus X Bos taurus." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000184642.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare antral and preantral ovarian follicle population in cows Nelore (indicus) and ½ NeloreXAngus (indicus-taurus). Indicus females (n = 20) and indicus-taurus (n = 20) underwent follicular aspiration on a random day of the estrous cycle (D0) in order to promote the ablation of all follicles ≥ 3 mm and the beginning of a new wave of follicular growth. Then, the cows were subjected to ultrasonographic evaluations for five days (D4, D19, D34, D49 and D64) in order to count the antral follicles (CFA) ≥ 3 mm in diameter. Based on these data the cows were separated into groups of high CFA (animals with an average of antral follicles ≥ 30 follicles; indicus, n = 7, indicus-taurus, n = 6) and low CFA (animals with an average of ≤ 15 antral follicles; indicus n = 6, indicus-taurus n = 6). After the final evaluation day (D64), the animals were taken to slaughter for obtaining the ovaries and subsequent histological processing to estimate the preantral ovarian follicle population. Only one ovary of each animal was evaluated. We tried to correlate the average of antral follicles with the quantification of preantral follicles. There was a repeatability in the numbers of antral follicles during follicular waves per individual of high and low AFC. The mean number of antral follicles (mean±SD) was 35±9 ( indicus) and 38±6 follicles (indicus-taurus for the high AFC group, and 10±3 (indicus) and 12±2 follicles (indicus-taurus) for the low AFC. A large variation in numbers of preantral follicles was observed among individuals within the same group and between breeds. The mean number of preantral follicles in indicus-taurus of high AFC (116,226±83,156 follicles) was greater (P<0.05) compared to indicus (63,032±58,705 follicles). However, there was no difference (P>0.05) between the average number of preantral follicles of indicus (28,324±24,525 pre-antral follicles) and indicus-taurus (85,748±129,628 follicles) of low AFC. The average number of preantral follicles from indicus of high AFC did not differ (P>0.05) from that of indicus-taurus of low AFC. There was no correlation between antral and preantral follicles. We conclude that both the influence of indicus cattle and the taurus breed may contributted for differences between Nelore and 1/2 NeloreXAngus in numbers of antral and preantral follicles.
Bassoli, Carlotta. "La marca come strategia: un'analisi dei tassi di royalty nel brand licensing." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textGiusti, Juliana. "Expressão de genes relacionados à qualidade da carne do músculo longissimus dorsi em Nelore (Bos indicus) e canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92576.
Full textAbstract: All the features of a living organism are controlled by the expression of specific genes, and the quality of the meat is no different. The present study was performed to correlate gene expression μ-calpain (CALP 1), m-calpain (CALP 2), calpastatin (CAST), thyroglobulin (TG), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGTA1) and leptin (LEP) with the meat quality of Longissimus dorsi muscle in two genetic groups: Nellore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) in two periods, and use it as a genetic marker. We analyzed 30 young bulls, 15 and 15 Canchim Nellore. The animals were kept on the installation of the experimental confinement FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu, receiving the same diet and management. When reached a weight of approximately 370 kg and a subcutaneous fat thickness of 4 mm, they were slaughtered and samples of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected for analysis of the: total lipids (TL), shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and analysis of gene expression by RT-qPCR. Among the characteristics of meat quality, LT and MFI0 showed differences between breeds (P<0,01), higher MFI0 in Canchim and LT higher in Nellore. Regarding gene expression, the CALPs showed no differential expression between groups (P>0.05), as well as DGAT1, TG, and LEP. CAST was more expressed in Nellore (P<0.05). Regarding the correlation was only observed a positive relationship between DGAT1 and MFI0 (r = 0.79, P <0.01) in Canchim. Considering the results, it is suggested that the increased expression of CAST in Nellore animals led to a tougher meat compared to Canchim, and that gene expression can not be used as a genetic marker
Orientador: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
Coorientador: Maeli Dal Pai Silva
Banca: Simone Cristina Méo Niciura
Banca: Luiz Arthur de Loyola Chardulo
Mestre
Oliveira, Tiago Almeida de. "Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para características de crescimento, reprodução e categóricas em uma população de bovinos de corte compostos (Bos taurus x Box indicus) sob abordagem bayesiana e modelos lineares generalizados mistos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-26102012-101917/.
Full textThe objectives this study were to evaluate different models of selection based on maternal random effects considered for growth traits and scrotal circumference; to estimate genetic parameters for weights from birth to 12 months (birth weight, weaning and 12 months old), scrotal circumference at 12 months and to estimate genetic correlations between traits for cattle composite Montana Tropical, by univariate and two-trait analysis. To estimate genetic parameters for categorical traits of muscling, precocity and conformation at 12 months in uni-and two-trait models using different methodologies for analysis (mixed models, Bayesian models thresholds and generalized linear mixed models) and compare them. In the analysis made for growth traits and scrotal circumference, maternal effects influenced the weights from birth to 12 months of age. Direct heritability estimates obtained from two-trait analyzes were higher than those obtained using univariate models, and the estimates of heritability for the two traits analysis were 0.27 for birth weight, 0.18 for weaning weight, 0.20 for weight at 12 months , and 0.19 for scrotal circumference at 12 months. The genetic correlation obtained between weights at young ages and yearling weight were moderate to low ( < 0.60). Genetic correlation obtained between scrotal circumference and growth traits were 0.04, and < 0.01 with weaning weight indicating a low correlation between the traits and 0.38 from weight at 12 months which may over time provide heavier animals at 12 months. Selection based on growth traits at any age can provide moderate genetic gains in body weight of animals of the composite Montana Tropical. It is important to consider in the analysis to selecting the prior weights to estimate genetic parameters for weights after selection. For the morphological traits, heritability estimates were low to moderate and there was a difference between the threshold and linear model and generalized linear mixed model, for estimates of heritability and genetic correlations of morphological multinomial categorical traits. Estimates of genetic parameters by the threshold model were higher than the other methods evaluated, with values of 0.42, 0.37 and 0.25 for muscling, precocity, and conformation at 12 months, and the genetic correlations estimated in with weaning weight for muscling, precocity and conformation at 12 months were 0.89, 0.22 and 0.83 respectively. The visual scores of conformation, precocity and muscling at 12 months can respond quickly to individual selection.
Kroll, Ana Cláudia Piedade Sodero. "Análise estatística de preços agrícolas do boi gordo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-20181127-155335/.
Full textnot available
Guimarães, Stella Bijos. "Petrologia e metalogenia do depósito de cobre Bom Jardim de Goiás (GO)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3685.
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O Depósito de cobre Bom Jardim de Goiás situa-se no extremo oeste do Estado de Goiás, na borda oeste do Arco Magmático de Arenópolis. O Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM) definiu uma reserva de 4.575.660t de minério, com teor médio de 0,92% de cobre. As rochas hospedeiras da mineralização são vulcanoclásticas atribuídas à Formação Córrego da Aldeia do Grupo Bom Jardim de Goiás, de idade interpretada como próxima de 900 Ma. Caracterizam-se por presença de cristais, de fragmentos líticos, cinza vulcânica e pumices. Foram classificadas como tufo cristalino e tufo cinerítico e são comumente cortadas por veios e vênulas sem orientação preferencial, contendo os seguintes minerais hidrotermais: biotita, quartzo, clorita, calcita, pirita, calcopirita, titanita, actinolita, epidoto, plagioclásio e magnetita. Os tufos são cálcio-alcalinos e possuem composição predominantemente riodacítica a dacítica e características geoquímicas de magmas de arcos vulcânicos. A biotita magmática dos tufos possui composição intermediária entre annita e flogopita (Mg/(Mg+Fe) ~ 0,5; Al ~ 2,5) e características químicas de biotitas de suítes orogênicas cálcio-alcalinas. Os valores de εNd(t) situam-se entre +3,5 e +7,4 e a idade-modelo varia de 0,8 e 1,1 Ga, coerentes com magma juvenil gerado em ambientes de arcos magmáticos. Afloram a leste do Depósito Bom Jardim dois tipos de hornblenda-biotita Monzogranito, rosa e branco, interpretados como Granito Serra Negra. Os granitos são isótropos, equigranulares, de granulação média. A oeste do depósito ocorre biotita sienogranito grosso, vermelho, interpretado como Granito Macacos. Os granitos possuem idade provavelmente em torno de 580 – 600 Ma. O Granito Serra Negra contém enclaves de máficos, resultantes provavelmente de mistura de magmas do tipo mixing. Os granitos possuem características geoquímicas de granitos cálcio-alcalinos, do tipo I, gerados em ambiente pós-colisional. A biotita do Granito Macacos encontrase cloritizada, enquanto a do Granito Serra Negra possui composição intermediária entre annita e flogopita (Mg/(Mg+Fe) ~ 0,4; Al ~ 2,2) e características químicas de biotitas de suítes intra-placa. Os valores de TDM situam-se entre 1,1 a 1,9 Ga e podem representar a idade de formação de crosta continental (eNd(t) = -5 a -2) ou mistura de fontes de idades diferentes. Os dados isotópicos são coerentes com os dados de litogeoquímica e química mineral. Rochas básicas afaníticas ocorrem intercaladas às rochas vulcanoclásticas do depósito e como diques cortando os granitos. O basalto intercalado aos tufos possui composição de basaltos de arcos vulcânicos, enquanto os diques que cortam os granitos têm composição de basaltos toleíticos intra-placa. Os valores de εNd(t) e de idademodelo são respectivamente +3 - +4 e 1,1 - 1,2 Ga para as rochas básicas analisadas. O Depósito Bom Jardim de Goiás não apresenta halos de alteração. São reconhecíveis apenas uma zona de intensa silicificação associada às vênulas mineralizadas e zona de cloritização mais externa, com epidotização localizada. A mineralização de cobre de Bom Jardim de Goiás ocorre disseminada e confinada ao sistema de venulações nos tufos, sem qualquer relação com os granitos que afloram na região do Depósito. O minério compreende principalmente pirita e calcopirita e é representada pela paragênese de minério: pirita + calcopirita ± electrum ± pirrotita ± magnetita ± esfalerita ± ilmenita ± hematita. Embora não haja expressiva zona de sulfetos maciços no depósito, as características do depósito permitem sugerir que a mineralização ocorre em uma zona de stockwork rica em vênulas com pirita e calcopirita, podendo ser comparada a depósitos do tipo sulfeto maciço vulcanogênico. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Bom Jardim de Goiás Deposit is located at western Goiás State, on the western border of the Arenópolis magmatic arc. A reserve of 4,575,660 t, containing 0,92% Cu, was estimated by Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM). The country rocks comprise vulcanoclastic rocks assigned to the Córrego da Aldeia formation from the Bom Jardim de Goiás Group, with age interpreted as close to 900 Ma. The rocks as characterized by the presence of crystals, lithic fragments, ash and pumices. They were classified as crystalline and cineritic tuffs and are commonly cut by veins and veinlets without a preferential orientation, containing the following hydrothermal minerals: biotite, quartz, chlorite, calcite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, titanite, actinolite, epidote, plagioclase and magnetite. The tuffs are calc-alkaline and have composition predominately riodacitic to dacitic and geochemical characteristics of magmas from volcanic arcs. The magmatic biotite from the tuffs has composition intermediary between annite and phogopite ((Mg/(Mg+Fe) ~ 0.5; Al ~ 2.5) and chemical characteristics of biotites from orogenic calc-alkaline suites. εNd(t) values lie between +3.5 and +7.4 and the model ages vary from 0.8 to 1.1 Ga. These values are coherent to juvenile magmas generated in volcanic arcs settings. Two types of hornblende-biotite monzogranite outcrop east of the deposit, pink and white. Both are interpreted as Serra da Negra granites. The monzogranites are equigranular and medium grained. West of the deposit a biotite sienogranite was identified. The granite, interpreted as Macacos Granite, is red, isotropic and coarse grained. The granites ages are probably about 580-600 Ma. The Serra Negra granite contains mafic enclaves, which probably resulted from magma mixing. The granites have geochemical characteristics of I-type calc-alkaline granites, formed in postcollisional setting. The biotite from the Macacos Granite is completely transformed to chlorite, while the biotite from the Serra da Negra Granite has composition intermediary between annite and phogopite ((Mg/(Mg+Fe) ~ 0.4; Al ~ 2.2) and chemical characteristics of biotites from intra-plate suites. The TDM values lie between +1.1 and +1.9 Ga and may represent either the formation of the continental crust (εNd(t) = -5 to -2) or mixing of sources of different ages. The isotopic data are coherent with the geochemical data. Afanitic basic rocks occur either intercalated with the vulcanoclastic rocks from the deposit or as dikes cutting the granites. The basalt from the deposit has composition similar to those of tholleitic basalts from volcanic arc settings, while the dikes have composition of intra-plate tholleitic basalts. The εNd(t) and TDM values are respectively +3 to +4 and 1.1-1.2 Ga for the analyzed basic rocks. The Bom Jardim de Goiás Deposit does not contain alteration halos. Only a zone of intense silicification associated with the mineralized veinlets and an external zone of choritization with restricted epidote, are recognized. The copper mineralization occurs disseminated and confined to the veins and veinlets in the tuffs, with no relationship with the granites that outcrop in the deposit region. The ore is mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite and is represented by the following ore paragenesis: pyrite + chalcopyrite ± pirrotite ± gold electrum ± esfalerite ± magnetite± ilmenite ± hematite. Although there is no expressive zone of massive sulfide in the deposit, its characteristics allow suggest that the mineralization occurs in a stockwork zone rich in veinlets filled by pyrite and chalcopyrite, comprising a deposit similar to volcanic massive sulfide deposits.
Sozzo, Bruna Thais Silva. "Boa colocação para equações diferenciais via semigrupos lineares." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática Aplicada e Computacional, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000218195.
Full textThis work presents the well-posedness for systems of linear differential equations employing the linear semigroup technique. Throughout the work, the well-posedness is studied for several problems, such as heat equation, wave equation, beam equation, thermoelastic systems, viscoelastic systems, thermoviscoelastic systems, as well as Timoshenko beam systems under elastic, viscoelastic and thermoelastic constitutive laws. In all cases, we can transform the initial-boundary value problems into abstract Cauchy problem like 8<:dudt(t) = Au(t); t > 0;u(0) = u0; where A : D(A) H ! H is an unbounded linear operator defined on a Banach (or Hilbert) space H. Thus, the results on existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on the initial data are proved through the linear semigroup theory, which requires to study some suitable properties to the operator A in each case approached.
Giusti, Juliana [UNESP]. "Expressão de genes relacionados à qualidade da carne do músculo longissimus dorsi em Nelore (Bos indicus) e canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92576.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Todas as características de um organismo vivo são controladas pela expressão de genes específicos, e na qualidade da carne não é diferente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar a expressão dos genes μ-Calpaína (CALP 1), m-Calpaína (CALP 2), Calpastatina (CAST), Tireoglobulina (TG), Diacilglicerol aciltransferase 1 (DGAT1) e a Leptina (LEP) com a qualidade da carne do Longissimus dorsi em dois grupos genéticos: Nelore (Bos indicus) e Canchim (5/8 de Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) em dois períodos (carne não maturada e com sete dias de maturação), e utilizá-la como marcador genético. Foram analisados 30 touros jovens, 15 Nelore e 15 Canchim, todos mantidos nas instalações do confinamento experimental da FMVZ-UNESP Botucatu, recebendo a mesma dieta e mesmo manejo. Alcançando peso de 370 kg e espessura de gordura de cobertura de 4 mm, foram abatidos e amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi foram coletadas para análises de: lipídeos totais (LT), força de cisalhamento (FC), índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (MFI) e análise da expressão gênica por RT-qPCR. Entre as características de qualidade da carne, LT e MFI0 apresentaram diferença entre as raças (P<0,01), sendo MFI0 superior no Canchim e LT no Nelore. Quanto à expressão gênica, as CALPs não mostraram expressão diferencial entre os grupos (P>0,05), assim como DGAT1, TG e LEP. CAST foi mais expresso na raça Nelore (P<0,05). Quanto às correlações, foi observada apenas uma positiva entre DGAT1 e MFI0 (r=0,79, P<0,01) no Canchim. Diante dos resultados, sugere-se que a maior expressão de CAST no Nelore propiciou aos animais uma carne mais dura, quando comparados ao Canchim, e que a expressão gênica não pode ser usada como um marcador genético
All the features of a living organism are controlled by the expression of specific genes, and the quality of the meat is no different. The present study was performed to correlate gene expression μ-calpain (CALP 1), m-calpain (CALP 2), calpastatin (CAST), thyroglobulin (TG), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGTA1) and leptin (LEP) with the meat quality of Longissimus dorsi muscle in two genetic groups: Nellore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) in two periods, and use it as a genetic marker. We analyzed 30 young bulls, 15 and 15 Canchim Nellore. The animals were kept on the installation of the experimental confinement FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu, receiving the same diet and management. When reached a weight of approximately 370 kg and a subcutaneous fat thickness of 4 mm, they were slaughtered and samples of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected for analysis of the: total lipids (TL), shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI) and analysis of gene expression by RT-qPCR. Among the characteristics of meat quality, LT and MFI0 showed differences between breeds (P<0,01), higher MFI0 in Canchim and LT higher in Nellore. Regarding gene expression, the CALPs showed no differential expression between groups (P>0.05), as well as DGAT1, TG, and LEP. CAST was more expressed in Nellore (P<0.05). Regarding the correlation was only observed a positive relationship between DGAT1 and MFI0 (r = 0.79, P <0.01) in Canchim. Considering the results, it is suggested that the increased expression of CAST in Nellore animals led to a tougher meat compared to Canchim, and that gene expression can not be used as a genetic marker
Tavares, Eduardo Henrique Gomes. "Modelos de vigas viscoelásticas extensíveis : boa colocação e estabilidade." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática Aplicada e Computacional, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000205184.
Full textIn this work it is presented results on existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and energy decay rates corresponding to a general class of extensible viscoelastic beam models. The main results are concentrated in Chapters 3 and 4. Initially, in the preliminary Chapter 2, it is provided a brief review on theoretical results from functional analysis, Sobolev spaces, distributions and linear semigroups, in order to make this work more self-contained as possible. In Chapter 3 it is first considered the model with null past history. In such case, the existence and uniqueness of solution are given by Faedo-Galerkin and Visik-Ladyzhenskaya methods, respectively. The stability of the energy is shown in two ways, namely, it is obtained a general decay rate through perturbed energy method where the memory kernel satisfies a linear differential inequality. Then, assuming that the memory kernel fulfills a nonlinear differential inequality, it is established a uniform decay rate by showing some integral estimates and comparing the energy with a solution of a nonlinear ODE. In Chapter 4 it is studied the viscoelastic model with history. In thiscase, it is first introduced the autonomous equivalente system and its well-posedness is obtained through semigroup theory. The stability of its associated energy is also established by providing two types of uniform decay rates as obtained to the previous problem. It is worth pointing out that in both problems the damping effect (acting on the system) is only given by the memory term. In addition, concrete examples of decay rates are presented to the memory kernel and, consequently, to the corresponding energy solution. Last, but not at least, the Appendix A is presented in order to exhibit some examples of real functions satisfying the classical hypotheses properly chosen to the nonlinear source terms.
Ekeroth, Nils. "Benthic fluxes of biogenic elements in the Baltic Sea : Influence of oxygen and macrofauna." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114598.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.
Baltic oxygenation project
Sundström, Jens. "Evolution of genetic mechanisms regulating reproductive development in plants : Characterisation of MADS-box genes active during cone development in Norway spruce." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-620.
Full textThe reproductive organs of conifers and angiosperms differ in morphology in several fundamental respects. The conifer Norway spruce (Picea abies) form pollen and seed cones from separate meristems whereas angiosperms bear bipartite flowers with sepals and petals surrounding two inner whorls of stamens and carpels. Despite these differences in morphology this thesis present data to suggest that reproductive development in conifers and angiosperms is regulated by a similar molecular mechanism. This implies an evolutionary conservation of the major mechanism for reproductive development since the origin of seed plants.
Flower organ identity in angiosperms is determined by regulatory genes belonging to the MADS-box gene family of transcription factors. This thesis presents the cloning and characterisation of four novel MADS-box genes from Norway spruce. Three of these genes DAL11, DAL12 and DAL13 are most closely related to angiosperm B function genes i.e. genes required for petal and stamen development. DAL11, 12 and 13 all are specifically active in developing pollen cones, with different temporal and spatial expression pattern. Functional analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis and yeast suggest that the reproductive aspect of the B-function is conserved between conifers and angiosperms. The results also suggest that the B-function in conifers is separated into one shoot identity and one organ identity determinant.
A fourth gene presented; DAL10, is specifically expressed in vegetative parts of pollen- and seed cones. Phylogenetically DAL10 is not closely related to any of the known angiosperm clades, but rather forms a separate clade with other gymnosperm genes, suggesting a gymnosperm specific function. We suggest that the DAL10 activity reflects a function in the determination of the reproductive shoot.
Sundström, Jens. "Evolution of genetic mechanisms regulating reproductive development in plants : characterisation of MADS-box genes active during cone development in Norway spruce /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4969-7/.
Full textSilva, Katia Cristina Fernandes da. "Estudo comparativo da recuperação de complexo cumulus oócito e da população de folículos pré-antrais entre fêmeas Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2009. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000148312.
Full textFor in vivo oocyte recovery, Bos taurus indicus females produce a higher number of oocytes than Bos taurus taurus donor cows. Considering the preantral follicles represent about 90% of the ovarian pool of follicles, a possible explanation for this difference should be a bigger population of preantral follicles for indicus females. The aim of this work was to compare the population of preantral follicles and production of oocytes among Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus females. Considering the importance of folliculogenesis on preantral follicles and oocyte production, new hypothesis are commented, such as postnatal follicle renewal and epigenetics on origin and growth of female gametes. To compare the in vivo oocyte production, 5,407 ovum pick up were analyzed. We obtained 90,086 oocytes from Gir (Bos indicus), Holstein cows (Bos taurus), 3/4 Holstein x 1/4 Gir (taurus x indicus) and ½ Holstein x 1/2 Gir (taurus x indicus). The average number of total and viable oocytes per procedure was 17.1±4.4 and 12.1±3.8 for Gir (n=3,778), 11.4±3.9 and 8.0±2.6 for Holstein cows (n=1,138), 20.4±5.8 and 16.8±5.0 for 3/4 Holstein-Gir (n=267), and 31.4±5.6 and 24.3±4.7 for 1/2 Holstein-Gir (n=224, p<0.01). Indicus females produced more oocytes than taurus donors, but 1/2 taurus x indicus females presented the highest average. From these data of oocyte production, we performed a comparison between the population of preantral follicles of Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Aberdeen Angus) females. Ovaries of Nelore fetuses (n=10) and heifers (n=12) and Aberdeen Angus fetuses (n=10) and heifers (n=12) were collected at slaughterhouse and subjected to histological processing for counting of preantral follicles. There was no difference between the average number of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos indicus and Bos taurus females (p>0.05). The average number of preantral follicles per ovary was 143,929±253 and 285,155±570 for fetuses, taurus and indicus, and 76,851±280 and 109,673±293 for heifers, taurus and indicus (p>0.05). There is a large variation of follicular pool between individuals in the same category and between the breeds. Taking all together, we showed that the oocyte production obtained from Bos taurus females was lower than those from Bos indicus donor cows. However, the average number of preantral follicles per ovary of Bos taurus and Bos indicus females was similar. We believe there is another difference in the reproductive physiology of Bos taurus and Bos indicus females, excluding the ovarian follicle population, which explains the high oocyte production obtained from Bos indicus females.
Petrini, Juliana. "Grupos genéticos na eficiência de seleção de bovinos de corte compostos (Bos taurus x Bos indicus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-20032012-083237/.
Full textThe inclusion of genetic groups in sire evaluation has been widely used to represent genetic differences among animals not accounted by the absence of parentage information. However, the definition of these groups is still arbitrary, and research assessing the effects of genetic grouping strategies on the selection efficiency is rare. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare genetic grouping strategies in breeding values prediction, determining the appropriate structure for the genetic evaluation. Data on birth weight, weaning weight, post-weaning weight gain, scrotal circumference and muscling score of Montana Tropical composite beef cattle population were used. Grouping strategies involving birth season of the animal (SAF), sex of the unknown parent (SEX), birth farm of the animal (FAZ), path selection (SEL), breed composition (RACA), birth season of the animal and sex of the unknown parent (SAFSEX), birth farm of the animal and sex of the unknown parent (FAZSEX), birth season and farm of the animal (SAFFAZ), and birth season and farm of the animal and sex of the unknown parent (SAFFAZSEX) were evaluated. For each strategy, one hundred analyses were performed to predict breeding values, simulating a loss of genealogy information of 10, 30 and 50% of individuals. Thereafter, these breeding values were compared to those obtained in an analysis involving the complete relationship matrix, in order to estimate the selection efficiency and the correlations between breeding values and animal rankings. The grouping strategies SAF and RACA showed high selection efficiencies and correlations, regardless of the trait and sample of animals with unknown parentage considered, and therefore, they are suitable for sire evaluation and selection. High selection losses were observed for SAFFAZ and SAFFAZSEX, possibly due to the formation of many groups with few animals, since this could lead to some confounding with other fixed effects and hamper the estimation effects of genetic groups. These results allow to conclude that the definition of grouping strategy must consider the decisions regarding the selection and the number of genetic groups formed, so that genetic groups represent the genetic differences in population and allow an adequate prediction of breeding values.
Pereira, Pâmela Menna. "Taxonomia e diversidade genética de rizóbios microssimbiontes de distintas leguminosas com base na análise polifásica (Box-PCR e 16 S RNAr) e na metodologia de MLSA." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, 2008. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000129971.
Full textThe term rhizobia is generically applied to bacteria capable of fixing the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and converting it to a form assimilable by the plant, when in symbiosis with plants of the Leguminosae family. However, besides their ecological and economic importance, the rhizobia have not been subject of many studies. Based on the data obtained with the 16S ribosomal gene sequences, five rhizobial genera have been described so far, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, Sinorhizobium (=Ensifer) and Mesorhizobium, all of them belonging to the alpha subclass of Proteobacteria. In addition, there are other bacteria described recently and also referred as rhizobia, due to be symbiosis of leguminous plants, and that belong to quite different genera, either in the alpha (Devosia, Methylobacterium) or in the beta (Ralstonia, Burkholderia) subclasses. Even though the 16S ribosomal gene is nowadays the molecule more used to estimate the phylogenetics relationships in prokaryotes, the high conservation in the nucleotide sequences of this gene, as observed among the different bacterial groups, is a limitation to its use to species determination. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to determine alternative methodologies to evaluate diversity genetic as well as to rhizobial phylogeny and taxonomy. A methodology widely used in the diversity studies has been the BOX-PCR technique. With this technique it is possible to obtain genomic fingerprints of bacterial strains. More recently, the MLSA (Multi Locus Sequence Analysis) methodology has been proposed as a new strategy to phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in prokaryotes. Due to the high genetic diversity of the tropical rhizobial strains still not well characterized, the aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of rhizobial strains symbionts of several tropical leguminous plants of environmental and agricultural importance. Also, we have evaluated the potential utility of using the BOX-PCR and the MLSA technology in diversity, phylogeny and taxonomy studies. In a first study, the analysis of the dendrograma resulting from the BOXPCR of 68 SEMIAs isolated from 47 distinct legumes was possible to observe a low correlation (7, 6%) to the phylogenetic tree based in the 16S ribosomal gene sequences. However, when the polyphasic analysis using the BOX-PCR and the 16S ribosomal genesequences was used at a proportion of 2:8 (proportion for the relative weight of each analysis), it was possible to observe clusters with high similarities (90%) to the taxonomic groups obtained with the phylogenetic trees based in the 16S ribosomal gene sequences. In a second study using the MLSA methodology with the genes 16S RNAr, atpD, dnaK, glnII, recA and the ITS region in a collection of 169 Bradyrhizobium isolated of 43 distinct legumes, was possible to observe a division of the strains into two well defined clusters, where the first cluster included the type strains from B. japonicum, B. betae, B. liaoningense, B. canariense, B. yuanmingense and the B. japonicum USDA 110 strain, and the second cluster included the strains related to the B. elkanii USDA 76T. A high variability was observed among the atpD gene sequences analyzed, and five strains related to B. elkanii showed variability to this gene not detected before. Another important observation was that the cluster composed by the strains USDA 110, SEMIA 5080 and 6059, all isolated from soybean, were always clustered in all trees obtained from the six different housekeeping gene sequences analyzed. Also, these strains were always distinct from the cluster containing the B.japonicum USDA 6T. Therefore, it was observed that the polyphasic analysis, using the BOXPCRand the 16S ribosomal gene sequences, and the MLSA technique, allowed to access the genetic diversity as well as to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the rhizobia strains analyzed and also to identify possible new species of rhizobia.
Santos, Evelise Veronese dos. "Deveres colaterais : desdobramento da boa-fé objetiva no contrato de saúde." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Estudos Sociais Aplicados. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Negocial, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000207537.
Full textThe society went through a phase of transition between the modern model and the post-modern, creating a new paradigm for social interaction, which ultimately reflect on the juridical order. Considering this perspective, the contract in the condition of the instrument essential to the achievement of personal interests of a legal nature experienced reflections of theses social transformations, which resulted in the incidence of the fundamental principles, which should always be the reference, such as the principle of the objective good-faith. In the face of the general clause of objective good-faith, brought about by the Civil Code of 2002, all contracts should be based on the fair conduct, honest references good-faith -, and in the duties arising from it, taken as duties side of conduct. While the society each day more vulnerable and seeking protection for all situations of everyday life, the insurance contracts are on constant rise, especially, those involving the health, and this point is extracted, the central object of this work. Ins this context, develop as the problems in the first place, the question about the consequences of non-compliance of the objective good-faith in all phases of the contract, both the insured and the insurer, in the contracts of health insurance. Furthermore, subsequently, it examines whether the failure to comply with the objective good-faith is able to affect the three levels os the legal business the existence, validity and effectiveness -. Also, asks if should the objective good-faith be respected as na express clause, or should the parties to observe the obligations arising from it. For both, cut-through the legal-theoretical in the plane of private law, specifically with respect to the harvest of the contracts inserted in the scope of the legal business, as well as through the analysis of the understanding jurisprudentiel signed by courts hence, this work emphasizes the need to respect the good-objective faith in the contracts of health, demonstrating compliance with the duty of loyalty, trust, information and transparency in all contractual stages.Also demonstrates that the breach of good faith objectively offends the three planes of the juridical business, proving that the principle under analysis should guide the parties in contractual insurance, avoiding the declaration of absence, invalidation or inefficiency of the contract concluded. Finally, it was concluded that, in contracts of health, the principle of good faith objective, or the obligations deriving from it, need to be present in the attitudes of the insured and the insurer, with the purpose of ensuring security and trust to the juridical business.
Taylor, Sam. "Reconstructing Historical Vegetation Cover in Otago, New Zealand, Using Multi-proxy Analysis of Peat Cores." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4206.
Full textFranzén, Anna. "Evaluation of Fuel Assembly Bow Penalty Peaking Factors for Ringhals 3 : Based on a Cycle Specific Core Water Gap Distribution." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-336626.
Full textLoureiro, Paulo Eduardo Fonseca. "Efeito do fotoperíodo na detecção do estro em fêmeas bovinas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) e cruzadas Red Angus x Nelore e Limousin x Nelore (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus) manejadas em diferentes regiões do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-18102006-153309/.
Full textThe artificial insemination (IA) technique is growing in beef cattle herds from all regions of Brazil, especially to obtain Bos t. taurus x Bos t. indicus crossbreds in large herds were the European bulls are not adapted. One of the difficulties of the IA program is the low efficiency of heat detection. In other countries this was avoided through studies of the sexual behavior of the cows. Brazilian beef cattle herds are distributed in all over the territory, but are concentrated mainly in the Southeast, Middle West and North regions, with large climatic differences and day duration (photoperiod), rain seasonality and temperatures that alter the sexual behavior of the cows and heifers. In this way this study used the heat observation in four farms in the North and Middle West regions to study the photoperiod effect on heat detection. A total of 4202 heats were detected in 3358 Nellore, 662 crossbred Limousin x Nellore and 182 crossbred Red Angus x Nellore females, managed under the same detection procedure. The mean daylight duration was 730,3, 750,8, 771,0 and 795,6 minutes, respectively in the farm 1 (Para State), 2 (Tocantins State), 3 (Goias State) and 4 (Mato Grosso do Sul State). As the daylight increased more estrus were detected in the morning. There were differences in cattle categories in estrus detection, with the heifers heat detected in the morning in all farms and in all genetic groups. There was no significant difference between genetic groups inside categories. Cows without calves behaved in a similar way to the heifers and showed no significant difference in heat detection. Cows with calves had a tendency to show estrus in the afternoon.
Ramos, Neto Otacílio de Araújo. "Estudo e implementação de ip-cores para Criptografia simétrica baseada no Advanced encryption standard (AES)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6092.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work addresses data encryption using Rijndael symmetric key encryption algorithm , which is used in Advanced Encryption Standard - AES. AES has massively widespread in computing, communications, and broadcast media applications, due to its robustness. By intensively using of all flavors and sizes of devices and networks, the AES has become the standard at the time of implementation and deployment of these applications when the major requirement, in addition to performance, is security, i.e. virtually all of those applications nowadays. In systems equipped with modern processors, even those on small devices, it is common to find some that perform the encryption and decryption procedures in software. With the "explosive" spread of addition of security layers in almost everything that is processed inside and outside of the devices, even on systems equipped with powerful computing resources, the possibility of performing these layers on (small) additional hardware resources, developed with specific purpose, has become attractive. This dissertation presents a study of the theoretical foundations involving AES, some architectures and implementations based on it and documented in the recent technical and scientific literature, as well as the methodologies and requirements for the development of its hardware implementation, in particular, focusing on mobile systems, where performance has to be achieved in low power consumption and small area scenarios. Reference models have been developed and functionally validated in high-level languages for each hierarchical architectural level compiled from the mentioned study. As a proof of concept, this work consisted in undertaking a project of an intellectual property of digital integrated circuit core (IP core) for the encryption/decryption procedures of AES, starting from the pseudocode level of the algorithms and going to the level of a digital integrated circuit core. Among the solutions studied from recent literature, modules and operations that could be replicated and/or reused were identified. A microarchitecture for the full AES was implemented hierarchically to the core level with standard cells placed and routed. The work also offers three implementation options for the block identified as the most complex: the S-Box. Results of performance and area were then presented and compared with those of literature.
Este trabalho aborda a criptografia de dados com chave simétrica com uso do algoritmo de criptografia Rijndael, que é utilizado no Advanced Encryption Standard - AES. Devido a sua robustez, tem se tornado massivamente difundido em aplicações computacionais, comunicação e de difusão de media. Abrangendo todos os tamanhos e sabores de dispositivos de rede, o AES tem sido o padrão na hora da implementação e disponibilização dessas aplicações quando o requisito principal, além do desempenho, é a segurança, ou seja, praticamente todas as aplicações digitais nos dias de hoje. Em sistemas de processamento dotados dos modernos processadores, mesmo os de pequeno porte, é comum encontrar sistemas que executam os procedimentos de criptografia e decriptografia em software. Com a proliferação "explosiva" da adição de camadas de segurança em quase tudo que é processado dentro e fora dos dispositivos, mesmo em sistemas dotados de poderosos recursos computacionais, tem se tornado atrativa a possibilidade de executar essas camadas em (pequenos) recursos adicionais de hardware, desenvolvidos com finalidade específica. Nesta dissertação, foram estudados os fundamentos teóricos, envolvendo o AES, arquiteturas e implementações documentadas na literatura técnica e científica recente, bem como as metodologias e requisitos específicos para fins de desenvolvimento de sua implementação em hardware, focando, em especial, os sistemas móveis, onde desempenho tem que ser conseguido com baixo consumo de energia e pouca área. Foram desenvolvidos e validados funcionalmente modelos de referência em linguagem de alto nível para cada nível de hierarquia arquitetural compilado do referido estudo. Como prova de conceito, este trabalho consistiu em realizar o projeto de uma propriedade intelectual de núcleo de circuito integrado IP-core, digital para realização dos procedimentos de criptografia/decriptografia do AES, partindo do nível do pseudocódigo dos algoritmos até o nível de um núcleo (core) de circuito integrado digital. Das soluções estudadas na literatura recente, foram identificados módulos e operações passíveis de serem replicadas/reusadas. Uma microarquitetura para o AES completo foi implementada hierarquicamente até o nível de núcleo com standard cells posicionado e roteado, contemplando ainda 3 opções de implementação para o bloco reconhecidamente o mais complexo: o S-Box. Resultados de desempenho e área foram apresentados e comparados.
Oliveira-Peitl, Carla Liegi Lonardoni. "Diversidade de microflora associada aos grãos de cafés de boa qualidade no subtrópico." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000209338.
Full textThe study aimed to identify the influence of the characteristics of the growing environment, management of harvest and post-harvest and microflora associated with the quality attributes of samples of drinking coffee and from the isolation of bacteria from the natural coffee samples and cherry peeled perform morphological and molecular technique using PCR-RFLP. For it was applied a questionnaire to the producers of the contest finalists 'Coffee Quality Paraná 2011' and the data were correlated with the microbiological assessment carried out of the coffee beans. There has been significant and positive correlation between all cup quality attributes and the altitudes of the local production of the samples. Microbiological analyzes were observed over ten different species of fungi, was also observed that the presence of bacteria. By correlating the contamination of each sample with the attributes of the coffee drink it has been found low or no correlations for most microorganisms. However Penicillium sp. correlated negatively with the characteristic clean drink, sweetness, body, flavor and balance, while Alternaria sp. also negatively correlated with the balance of the drink of coffee. It was also found that bacteria were positively correlated with the acidity of coffee. By the same samples was then performed and the isolation of endophytic epiphytic bacteria by enrichment in liquid Mineral Salt Medium with coffee, then the solution was plated on semisolid media MSM+C and Nutrient Agar. After growth has been great diversity of bacterial isolates observed. The bacteria were evaluated morphologically in the form, elevation, edge, surface, color and size of the colonies. Subsequently they were performed bacterial genomic DNA extraction, amplification of 16S rDNA by means of PCR and the use of the RFLP technique. Great phenotypic and genotypic diversity was observed among the epiphytic and endophytic bacteria isolated from Coffea arabica beans L. Being isolated 331 bacteria from the culture medium NA and 308 of MSM+C culture medium. Concerning the morphological characterization, the most frequent forms were punctiform, circular, flat and convex elevation, the edge of the entire colonies type, smooth, white colonies stained with sizes ranging from 2 to 8 mm. The higher levels of diversity in bacteria were obtained from samples where drying was performed on ground coffee, wherein the coffee has not been washed and selective collection was not performed. From the average of the altitude values and beverage quality traits for the six groups defined from the dendrogram culture medium NA it noted that the group having altitude of 707 meters had the highest values and the characteristics of coffee drink. With the results obtained by PCR-RFLP technique the restriction profiles showed great variability. The large number of fragments obtained in each sample in the dendrogram reflects the diversity of existing microbial community as a result of different forms of grain drying and the different regions where C. arabica was grown.
Madeira, Tiago Bervelieri. "Perfil e valores de referência de carboidratos de cafés premiados pela boa qualidade." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000189780.
Full textCoffee is one of the most valuable commodities, surpassed only by paraffin oil. Sensory analysis defines the coffee quality, usually performed by cup test that assign notes for taste, aroma, appearance and texture. This assessment uses human being as measuring tool for classify and select the best coffees, assigning those higher prices. However, this analysis requires experienced tasters, since flavor and aroma of coffee beverage is derived from hundreds of chemical compounds combination. Thus, grains composition is intrinsically related to quality and carbohydrates as major constituents of matrix, show up as potential chemical markers. Due to its complexity, the final beverage quality is still influenced by raw material characteristics (crop variety, cultural practices, cultivation area, moisture) and conditions of post-harvest processing (drying processes, fermentation, roasting, grinding and packaging). Thus, the aim of this study was to promote featuring coffees rewarded by good quality in "Concurso Café Qualidade Paraná in 2012 and 2013", through by high performance liquid chromatography determines of profile and concentration of total carbohydrates. Based on classification of sensory analysis, the aim was to establish reference values for total carbohydrates helping to discriminate between good quality arabica coffees and poor quality, possibly adulterated ones. For this, samples without processing - raw green beans were compared with the same roasted samples, still carrying out a study of variation in carbohydrates concentrations in relation to the degree of roasting. All samples of award-winning green coffees beans showed the same chromatographic profile, with only quantitative variation in carbohydrates, with galactose and mannose showing highest concentrations, while mannitol and xylose showing lower amounts. The degree of roasting showed to significantly influence the final composition of carbohydrates, promoting reduction of certain types of monosaccharides, such as galactose and glucose, and increasing of other as mannose, without changes occurring necessarily with linear behavior. The roasted samples showed similar chromatographic profiles, being distinguished of commercial samples by total carbohydrates using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering. The concentration of total carbohydrates in analyzed samples showed strong relation to cultivated area, enabling grouping by location and soil type. The intended of this study is to assist by providing less subjective analytical tools for effective control of quality coffees marketed.
Alves, Lêda Soares. "Modelagem univariada e regressão múltipla na análise da oferta e do preço do boi gordo no mercado brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20598.
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A dinâmica do mercado do boi gordo no Brasil vem apresentando nas últimas décadas novos desafios para pecuaristas e para a indústria frigorífica, principais agentes da cadeia da carne bovina brasileira que passou a exercer importante papel no cenário internacional. O aumento da oferta de animais em conformidade com os requisitos de padrões internacionais de sanidade, qualidade e rastreabilidade e novos hábitos dos consumidores, aliados à internacionalização das maiores empresas frigoríficas brasileiras tem exigido dos diversos atores novas posturas na gestão das firmas, especialmente, na comercialização da principal matéria-prima da cadeia, o boi gordo. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a oferta e o preço do boi gordo no mercado brasileiro e propor instrumentos que possam ser adotados pelos agentes da cadeia da carne bovina para estimar a oferta de boi gordo no Brasil. Utilizou-se modelagem univariada e regressão múltipla nas séries temporais do abate e do preço do boi gordo a fim de descrever o comportamento da oferta e do preço no mercado brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos por meio do método de Decomposição Clássica de Séries Temporais evidenciaram a redução das influencias de fatores climáticos sazonais e ciclo plurianual produtivo sobre a quantidade ofertada do boi gordo para o abate no país que passou a apresentar maior estabilidade entre as quantidades de bovinos abatidos entre os meses do ano. Os intervalos que compõem o ciclo plurianual do abate total de bovinos tiveram redução de 18 meses na duração, o último ciclo observado teve duração de 9,5 anos. Os modelos SARIMA foram capazes de descrever o comportamento e podem ser considerados adequados para previsões dados os valores dos coeficientes apresentados, abate de bovinos fêmeas (R² = 0,981, = 0,981), abate de bovinos machos (R² = 0,90, =0,90), abate total de bovinos (R² de 0,974, =0,973) os três modelos apresentaram baixos valores nas medidas de estatística de erro. O risco dos retornos dos preços do boi gordo (DP = 0,0379) e da cotação do dólar (DP = 0,0389) foram similares entre os anos de 2000 e 2014. Os modelos ARCH/GARCH mostraram-se os retornos do preço do boi gordo apresentaram maiores picos de volatilidade que os retornos do preço do bezerro e da cotação do dólar. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla permitiram explicar as variáveis determinantes dos abates de bovinos e dos preços do boi gordo e do bezerro no mercado brasileiro. A oferta de boi gordo no mercado nacional relacionou-se com os custos de produção, quantidade de exportações de carne brasileira e cotação do dólar. A equação do modelo de regressão linear múltipla do abate de bovinos totais no Brasil apresentou R² = 0,996 e =0,996. O preço do boi gordo no Brasil foi explicado pelas variáveis abate de fêmeas, preço do bezerro, índice estacional do boi e do bezerro e pela variável econômica da cotação do dólar em Real. A equação do preço do boi gordo apresentou R² = 0,998 e =0,998. Os modelos propostos podem ser considerados adequados como modelos preditivos e poderão contribuir para planejamento dos agentes e proporcionar maior competitividade da cadeia da carne bovina. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The dynamics of the cattle market in Brazil has shown in recent decades new challenges for farmers and the meatpacking industry, key players in the Brazilian beef chain began to play an important role in the international arena. The increased supply of animals in accordance with international standards requirements of health, quality and traceability and new consumer habits, combined with the internationalization of the largest Brazilian slaughterhouses has required the various actors new positions in the management of firms, especially in marketing the main raw material of the chain, the cattle. This study aimed to analyze the supply and the price of cattle in the Brazilian market and provide instruments that can be adopted by the beef chain agents to estimate the beef cattle supply in Brazil. We used univariate and multiple regression modeling in the time series of slaughter and the price of cattle in order to describe the behavior of supply and price in the Brazilian market. The results obtained by the classical decomposition method of time series showed the reduction of influences of seasonal weather factors and productive multi-year cycle on the quantity supplied of live cattle for slaughter in the country, which now has greater stability between the quantities of cattle slaughtered between the months of the year. The ranges that make up the multi-years cycle of total slaughter cattle were slaughtered had reduction of 18 months, duration and last cycle was observed duration of 9,5 years. The SARIMA models were able to describe the behavior and may be appropriate for forecasting data values presented coefficients slaughter of female cattle (R² = 0.981, = 0.981), slaughter of male animals (R² = 0.90, = 0.90), the total slaughter of cattle (R² 0.974, = 0.973) three models showed low values in error statistical measures. The risk of live cattle prices of returns (SD = 0.0379) and the dollar exchange rate (SD = 0.0389) were similar between the years 2000 and 2014. The ARCH / GARCH models showed that the price returns cattle showed higher volatility spikes that the calf price returns and the dollar rate. The multiple linear regression models allowed to explain the determinants of cattle slaughtering and prices of cattle and calves in the Brazilian market. The cattle supply in the domestic market was related to the costs of production, amount of Brazilian beef exports and the US dollar. The equation of multiple linear regression model slaughter of total cattle in Brazil presented R² = 0.996 and = 0.996. The price of live cattle in Brazil was explained by the variables slaughter females, calf price, seasonal index of the ox and the calf and the economic variable of the dollar in Real. The equation of the price of cattle presented R² = 0.998 and = 0.998. The proposed models can be considered suitable as predictive models and may contribute to planning agents and provide greater competitiveness of the beef chain.
Lêdo, Ana Paula Ruiz Silveira. "O princípio da boa-fé objetiva como densificador da dignidade humana nas relações negociais." Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2017. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000214445.
Full textThe paths by which society develops determine the directions that the legal sciences should follow as north. The dignity of the human person was elevated as the foundation of the Republic and, occupying such a high level, impacted all social relations. It ordered the adjustment of the precepts and institutes of the legal order to this new archetype and crystallized the human person as the central element of the Brazilian legal order. The business relations, originally regulated by the Civil Code, must also conform to the irradiated commandments of the Constitution. Changes of paradigms usually generate uncertainties in the practical application of new concepts and methods by those who operate them. In this context, the present research aims to demonstrate objective good faith as a densifying instrument of human dignity in business relations. In order to reach such scope, it first examines the constitutional principle, especially with the purpose of specifying its essential minimum elements, cataloging them in intrinsic value, equality, freedom and solidarity. The study of the negotiating principle of objective good faith also implies a necessary approach, which is what happens next, analyzing its elementary characteristics and its performance in the negotiating practice through its functions of interpretation, of limitation to the abusive exercise of the subjective rights and creating the duties of conduct of protection, loyalty and clarification. It ultimately demonstrates objective good faith concretizing, through its functions, each one of the elements of the dignity of the human person in business relations.
Oliveira, Fabrício de Souza. "Análise do sistema de confinamento de bovinos de corte no mercado brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24024.
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A engorda de bovinos de corte realizada através do confinamento tem crescido no Brasil nos últimos anos, sendo possível observar o aumento do número de confinadores e de animais confinados. São vários motivos que podem levar a essa elevação, como questões institucionais, econômicas e culturais. Este trabalho manteve o foco nos aspectos econômicos, que incentivaram o desenvolvimento do confinamento brasileiro nos últimos 16 anos. Objetivou-se analisar a lucratividade do confinamento e verificar se existe alguma tendência durante o período estudado - janeiro de 2001 a setembro de 2016. Para atingir os objetivos foi criado um indicador de lucratividade para avaliar o comportamento de sua variação mensal e durante o período analisado, verificando a existência de alguma tendência. No cálculo do indicador de lucratividade as principais variáveis do confinamento foram ponderadas pelo seu respectivo peso no custo de produção. Além dos indicadores de lucratividade e de margem bruta, também, foi realizada a análise do comportamento das séries temporais das principais variáveis que impactam no custo de produção do confinamento, foi feito o cálculo das medidas estatísticas e da sazonalidade, bem como a correlação das variáveis. Como resultado constatou-se, que o indicador de lucratividade foi maior entre setembro e dezembro, com destaque para novembro, onde se verificou a maior lucratividade do confinamento em relação a outros períodos do ano, o que explica a concentração do número de animais confinados nesses meses. O resultado mais vantajoso, ocorreu devido ao maior preço do boi gordo nesse intervalo de tempo, pois como ele que representa a receita do confinamento e impacta diretamente na lucratividade. O confinamento entre 2001 e 2016 demonstrou passar por um cenário de estabilidade, uma vez que apesar de sofrer variações, não apresentou tendência de queda no seu indicador. Como as duas principais variáveis, boi magro (custo) e boi gordo (receita), que impactam na lucratividade do confinamento, demonstraram ter correlação no comportamento dos seus preços, a correlação auxiliou para que a variação do indicador de lucratividade fosse menor. A conclusão obtida foi que o confinamento é uma atividade lucrativa e alcançou resultado positivo do indicador de lucratividade praticamente durante todo o período analisado e também ao longo do ano, demonstrando passar por um cenário de estabilidade e ter potencial para ser desenvolvida em todos os meses.
The fattening of beef cattle through feedlot has grown in Brazil in last years, and it is possible to observe the increase in the number of confiners and confined animals. There are several reasons that can lead to such elevation, such as institutional, economic and cultural issues. This work kept the focus on economic aspects, which encouraged the development of Brazilian confinement in the last 16 years. The objective was to analyze the profitability of the confinement and to verify if there is any tendency during the period studied - January 2001 to September 2016. To reach the objectives a profitability indicator was created to evaluate the behavior of its monthly variation and during the analyzed period, verifying the existence of some tendency. In the calculation of the profitability indicator, the main confinement variables were weighted by their influence weight in the cost of production. In addition to the indicators of profitability and gross margin, the analysis of the behavior of the time series of the main variables that impacted on the production cost of the confinement was carried out, the statistical measures and the seasonality were calculated, as well as the correlation of the variables. As a result, it was found that the indicator of profitability was higher between September and December, especially in November, where there was the greater profitability of the confinement in relation to other periods of the year, which explains the concentration of the number of animals confined in these Months. The most advantageous result was due to the higher price of the beef in that time period since it represents the income from the confinement and directly impacts the profitability. The confinement between 2001 and 2016 has been shown to undergo a stability scenario since, despite its variations, it did not present a tendency to fall in its indicator. As the two main variables, lean beef (cost) and fattened beef (income), which impact feedlot profitability, showed a correlation in the behavior of their prices, the correlation helped to reduce the profitability indicator variation. The conclusion was that the confinement is a profitable activity and reached a positive result of the indicator of profitability practically throughout the analyzed period and also throughout the year, demonstrating to pass through a scenario of stability and to have potential to be developed in every month.
Portaluppi, Edney Alessadro. "Violação à boa-fé objetiva : novas perspectivas à luz da dignidade humana e da solidariedade." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Estudos Sociais Aplicados. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Negocial, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000207543.
Full textThe private business relationship is no longer based in the exclusivity upon the classic rule by which the contract is the law between the parties, full embedded in individualism and restricted to the terms of agreement situation that caused helplessness and inefficiency of justice. Nowadays, the legal system has become more open to recognize the existential values conquered by humankind it has rationally transmuted from a moral duty to a legal duty expressed by principles of law. In such context, the principle of utmost objective good faith stands as model of fair conduct on the fulfillment of legal business, but its application, because abstract, is doubtful to the law scholars, who is unable to establish a pattern on its limitation, with often misleading and controversial interpretations, by both the courts and the doctrine. Therefore, the legal society has to discover which is the precise moment of the utmost good faiths violation on the business relationship, as a means to contribute to a better, more dignified, just and equal world. Thus, this research, that proves such violation can occur due to the mere deviation by one of the contractors from de universal standard of conduct, consists on a proposition that employs the contractual freedom and the principles of human dignity and social solidarity as its parameters. Upon such reflection, there are presented new perspectives regarding the influence of the utmost good faith on business law. The first one seeks the origin of good faith objectiveness on the notion of faith itself, considered the evolution human rationality. The second one reveals a different classification of the positive violation of contract, which disregards its framework as a mere noncompliance of the obligation (ie, not contractual fulfillment), in order to considerer it a bad contractual fulfillment. Lastly, this research concludes that such violation has a extracontractual nature, the consequence of which is the possible configuration of a new type of damage worthy of protective on contemporary civil liability bases.
Borges, Gabriel Batista de Oliveira. "Estudo sobre a migração transuterina e a razão sexual de conceptos em bovinos da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20792.
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A bovinocultura de corte é uma das atividades do agronegócio brasileiro que mais movimentam capitais, bens e serviços, sendo que, segundo dados das associações de criadores e exportadores, cerca de 80% dos bovinos criados no país são oriundos de raças zebuínas (Bos taurus indicus), e destes, a maioria é pertencente à raça Nelore ou seus cruzamentos. Os trabalhos conduzidos com a utilização de dados obtidos em frigoríficos podem ser considerados bastante fiéis e valorosos, já que representam uma amostra do que ocorre nos rebanhos comerciais, e entre os dados que podem ser extraídos nessas investigações estão aqueles relacionados à fisiologia da reprodução, como a ocorrência de migração transuterina dos conceptos, simetria da frequência gestacional entre os cornos uterinos, razão sexual e existência de predileção cornual para o sexo do concepto, e associação e estabelecimento de medidas comumente utilizadas em fetometria, que foram os objetivos da presente pesquisa. Foram avaliados 5431 tratos reprodutivos de vacas e novilhas da raça Nelore em um frigorifico no Mato Grosso do Sul, deste total, 1030 animais (19,0%) se encontravam prenhes no momento do abate (sendo 2 casos de gestações gemelares). Para os casos de gestações simples (n=1028), observou-se que em 39,5% delas, o concepto encontrava-se no corno uterino esquerdo (CE), e nos demais 60,5% no direito (CD), frequências estas que diferiram estatisticamente. Em todos os 1028 casos (100%) do presente estudo, havia a presença de um único corpo lúteo no ovário ipsilateral ao corno uterino gestante (seja ele direito ou esquerdo), mostrando a inexistência, ou mesmo a raridade da migração transuterina do concepto. Quanto à frequência de sexos obtida do número total de gestações simples, 46,5% eram de machos e 43,9% de fêmeas, sendo os 9,6% restantes (n=99) referentes aos fetos os quais não se obteve sucesso da determinação do sexo, pela metodologia aplicada. A distribuição dos sexos entre os cornos uterinos ocorreu da seguinte forma: CE com frequências de 47,3%, 45,8% e 6,9% para fêmeas, machos e de sexo indeterminado respectivamente. Para CD, 46,9%, 41,6% e 11,4% dos achados, para machos, fêmeas e indeterminados respectivamente. A razão sexual encontrada foi de 51,5%, considerando apenas as gestações com sexo do concepto identificado, não diferindo estatisticamente o número de machos do número de fêmeas. A suposta predileção de sexo pelos cornos uterinos, não foi verificada, uma vez que a diferença entre os números de machos e fêmeas para um mesmo corno uterino não foram significativas para α=0,05. Já entre os cornos uterinos o mesmo sexo apresentou diferença estatística em sua distribuição, sendo essa diferença maior significativamente para os machos (χ² 23,50) do que para as fêmeas (χ² 9,95). As medidas de crown-rump (CR) e crown-nose (CN), dos conceptos com tamanho de CR entre 2,00 cm e 15,00 cm apresentaram um coeficiente de correlação linear alto, no valor de r=0,990865, sendo CN = (0,3027 x CR) + 0,4491 r2 = 0,9818 equação que descreve o comportamento das variáveis no intervalo. Para a estimativa das idades gestacionais (IG), foi considerada a equação, CR = -10,76 + 0,0199 x IG2 nos quais foram obtidos valores mínimos e máximos de 28,6 dias e 89,9 dias, para o menor embrião encontrado (CR=0,55 cm) e para aqueles com CR=15,00 cm, respectivamente. Sendo assim, a migração transuterina do concepto inexiste, ou mesmo consiste de um evento raro para a raça Nelore, além das razões e predileções sexuais não serem distintas da distribuição simétrica, observada ainda uma maior atividade funcional do ovário direito em relação ao contralateral, e ainda podendo ser estabelecida uma equação com variáveis CR e CN que possa auxiliar, sobretudo na rotina para avaliação reprodutiva veterinária de campo. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Beef cattle is one of the wealthiest activities of Brazilian agribusiness, involving goods and services, and according to the breeders' and exporters’ associations, around 80% of cattle raised in the country 2 come from Zebu breeds (Bos taurus indicus) and of these, most of them are Nellore or their crossbreeding. The abattoir material retrieves reliable information on reproductive parameters in food animals as they represent a sample of what occurs in commercial herds. Data related to the physiology of reproduction can be extracted from these investigations, like the occurrence of transuterine migration of fetuses, symmetry of gestational frequency between uterine horns, sex ratio and sexual segregation in the uterine horns, and establishment of measures commonly used in fetometry, being all of them the objectives of this study. In this study 5,431 reproductive tracts of Nellore cows and heifers were evaluated in an abattoir in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from these, 1,030 animals (19.0%) were pregnant at the time of slaughter (including 2 cases of twin pregnancies). Regarding singleton pregnancies (n = 1,028), we observed that in 39.5% of them, the fetus was located in the left uterine horn (LH), and the remaining 60.5% in the right (RH), these frequencies differed statistically. In all 1,028 (100%) cases the presence of a single corpus luteum was perceived in the ovary ipsilateral (whether right or left) to the pregnant uterine horn, indicating the absence of intrauterine migration of the conceptus. The sex ratios obtained from the total number of singleton pregnancies were 46.5% of males, 43.9% of females, the remaining 9.6% (n = 99) from fetuses which, by the methodology applied, were not successfully sex determinate. The distribution of sexes between the uterine horns was as follows: LH with frequencies of 47.3%, 45.8% and 6.9% for females, males, and unknown gender respectively. For RH, 46.9%, 41.6% and 11.4% of the findings for males, females and unknown, respectively. The sex ratio found was 51.5%, considering only pregnancies with sex identified, not differing significantly between the number of males and the number of females. The supposed sex predilection for uterine horns was not observed, since the difference between the numbers of males and females for the same uterine horn were not significant at α = 0.05. Among the uterine horns the same sex showed statistical difference in distribution, and this difference was significantly higher for males (χ² 23.50) than females (χ² 9.95). The crown-rump (CR) and crown-nose (CN) measures, for the conceptus with CR length between 2.00 cm and 15.00 cm, showed a high linear correlation coefficient (r=0.990865), being CN = (0.3027 x CR) + 0.4491, r2 = 0.9818, the equation that describes the behavior between the variables in this range. About the prediction of gestational age (GA), was considered the equation CR = -10,76 + 0,0199 x IG2 that gave minimum and maximum values of 28.6 days and 89.9 days for the smaller embryo found (CR = 0.55 cm) and those with CR = 15.00 cm, respectively. Thus, in Nellore the transuterine migration of conceptus may not exist, or consists of a rare event, in addition, the sex ratio and predilection are not distinguished from the symmetrical distribution, still keeping in mind the higher functional activity of the right ovary compared to the left, and the establishment of fetometry equation being CR and CN as variables, that can be useful, especially in reproductive evaluation, the veterinary field routine.
Teixeira, Ana Maria de Souza Valle. "O apresentador de noticiário policial : uma análise semiótica da personificação do bom moço e do bandido." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, 2009. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000152892.
Full textThe media have caused a number of changes in relationships among humans. Language television is so present in our daily lives which makes us suffer influences on how we see and feel through their fast sequences and information processing. The study examines the figure of the host of police news on a semiotic analysis of the personification of the good guy and bad guy, using the police news Brasil Urgente, aired daily on Rede Bandeirantes de Televisão. The aim is analyzing, through theory of meaning of Greimas, aspects which explain what TV text says and how it says. We can see that one of the functions of the police news is to expose the horrors of life in society, with problems arising from the tired social inequality and lack of state investment in education, health and safety. In police news, there are the semantic oppositions that initiate the construction of the meaning of the text: wealth versus poverty, courage versus cowardice, honesty versus dishonesty, good guy versus bad guy, justice versus injustice, authoritarianism versus submission, among others. These oppositions are manifested in several ways: the host, the "good guy", self-styled paladin, a defender of law and morality, for the honesty, the brave, lonely in the fight against crime, the one who has the courage to oppose and to show in his program the alleged offenders, thugs, criminals, thieves who broke social rules, committed sin, and therefore deserve to be expelled from the Garden of Eden, the society. This work proposes a study of the TV text police news , through the theory of Greimas, in Portuguese Course in high school and possibly secondary school, aiming at rising critical readers and producers of various texts circulating in society.
Machado, Fernanda Zandonadi. "Proliferação celular dos folículos ovarianos de fêmeas nelore (bos indicus) conforme a contagem de folículos antrais." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000205305.
Full textIn order to compare cell proliferation rates between Nelore (Bos indicus) females with high, medium and low antral follicle count, ovaries (n = 336) were obtained in pairs at a local slaughterhouse and transported to the laboratory. The classification of groups was defined using mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) into: G-High (≥ 92 follicles), G-Medium (46 76 follicles) and G-Low (≤ 31 follicles; p ≤ 0,05). After this evaluation the proliferative activity in the follicles was established into three experimental groups (high n=5, medium n=5 and low n=5). These ovaries were cut into fragments of 1 x 1 x 0,3cm, fixed in bufferedd formalina 10% solution, processed and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for anti-PCNA antibody. The imune expression of PCNA was presente in all follicular development stages. Was found the amount of 1,688 immunomarkers follicles, of which 1,388 were primordial, 197 primary, 29 secondary and 74 antral. Immunostaining data for each animal underwent the waste normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levenne) and then compared using Fisher's test. G-Medium and G-Low groups showed lower proliferation rate in early stages, and in the course of developing this rate increased progressively. On the other hand, the G-High group had greater cell proliferation immunostaining in primordial follicles, with decreased until the antral follicle stage. The results obtained through immunohistochemistry evaluation suggest that antral follicular population, influences in the cell proliferation rate in Nelore females (Bos indicus).
Silva, Roulber Carvalho Gomes da. "Estudo de caracterização e associação de marcadores moleculares relacionados à leptina para características de crescimento e precocidade de acabamento em bovinos da raça Nelore." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-11032008-095523/.
Full textConsidering the possibility of utilization of molecular markers linked to leptin in animal breeding programs from Brazil and aiming to aid in the selection of Nellore cattle to economic traits and particularly, for those related to growth and finishing traits, the purpose of this research was to characterize the allelic and genotypic frequencies and associate with growth and finishing in Nellore cattle. There were evaluated the associations of the molecular markers on the ultrasound Longissimus muscle area (AOL), ultrasound backfat thickness (EGS), ultrasound fat thickness in Biceps femoris muscle, weaning weight (PD), yearling weight (PS), weight gain from weaning to yearling (GPS) and yearling scrotal circumference (CE). The characterization of the molecular markers in Nellore cattle was evaluated through of the allelic and genotypic frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests, heterozigosity, allelic diversity and polymorphism information content. The different genotype effects of the molecular markers were evaluated through ANOVA, dominance deviation, additive and substitution effect. The allelic and genotype frequencies shown some alleles of the molecular markers were low frequencies in Nellore cattle. However there were identified the same polymorphisms described in taurine cattle. Markers A1457G, C963T and UASMS1 demonstrated significant association with ultrasound measurement traits. The E2JW, A59V and T945M markers showed significant association with growth traits. The E2FB marker showed significant effects when it was evaluated for substitution effect. These findings emphasize the potential utilization of molecular markers linked to leptin in the improvement of economic traits in the Nellore cattle. The improvement this traits through marker assisted selection of carrier animals of desirable alleles might positively aid the whole beef cattle productive chain.
Junior, Paulo Sérgio Micali. "Para além dos socos na cara : representações pugilísticas e a história do boxe em Londrina (1970-2000)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000218359.
Full textMiguel de Oliveira, who was one of the biggest sports enthusiasts in Londrina and in its surroundings, used to collect photographies. After his death in 2009, his collection were inherited by his friends and relatives who run nowadays the Londrina Sports Club's Boxing School and the Paraná Pugilism Federation (they both are located in Londrina). Composed by hundreds of photos in which it was portrayed (in most cases, at least) elements concerning the practice of boxing in events, championships or disputes where Oliveira has participated as a referee, coach or spectator during the 1960's and the 2000's, in this research I have selected those photos as sources of study and I used them to problematize historically the pugilistic representations and to stablish a relation between those and the conception of violence. That is why I have divided the photos into categories that concern some of the most important moments in the boxing practice, like the trainings, the combats and the announces of the winners and their awards. It seems that in each one of those instants, there are distinct representative configurations. It is also important to remember that once there is a myriad of forms violence may be represented (physically and symbolically, for example), it was essential to prepare an interdisciplinary study involving the presumptions of Eric Dunning, Norbert Elias, Pierre Bourdieu and Nilo Odalia about the polysemy that characterizes the complex conception of violence and its relation with the sportive practices and its representations. About the results we have obtained, it was possible to identify and problematize a bunch of pugilistic representations (and its historical transformations) present in each one of those categories. Through conducts refinements or the developing of techniques and safety materials, the boxing seems to be walking towards the growing social intolerances against the irrational brutalities, although this sport still is reasoned in both intimidation and the submission of the adversary.
Nascimento, Renata Leite Pinto do. "Risco regulat?rio e os impactos nas decis?es de investimento em g?s natural no Cone Sul: Argentina, Brasil, Bol?via e Chile." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/727.
Full textDuring the 1990 s the transnational companies increased their investments in the South Cone, encouraged by laws that stimulated new foreign investments, privatizations, more flexible contractual arrangements, deregulation of some markets and prices liberalization. The reactivation of most economies in the 1990 s also helped to attract investments, along with the perspective of long-term growth in the region. Together, these elements stimulated the participation and repositioning of the transnational companies. The deregulation and the privatizations caused a new microsectorial phenomenon of energy type integration through the integration of the gas, electricity and derivates sectors. The regulating risks have shown to be very present over the last years, so one company that wishes to expand its businesses in natural gas in the South Cone shall have to know more and more the markets and the regulating uncertainties of each one of the Countries, so that its decision making does not seem unfeasible in the long term. Therefore, it is important that the economic agents that act in this sector try to expand their knowledge and develop investment decision models that take into account the multiple variables of the macro-environment and with special attention, the regulating variables. In face of such conjuncture, we propose a analytical framework of investment decision that is capable of monitoring the macro-environment and the sectorial environment variables. In that context, this article is aimed at creating a theoretical and empirical framework mapping the sensitivities about regulatory risk, which aids the investors in their decision process. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter will define the theoretical bases the thesis; the second chapter presents the present conjuncture and future perspectives of the world s natural gas; the third part discusses the regulatory issue of the natural gas in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile; and in the fourth part, we developed an analytical framework about investment decisions in natural gas in the Southern Cone.
Durante os anos noventa do s?culo passado, as empresas transnacionais aumentaram os seus investimentos no Cone Sul, encorajadas por leis que incentivavam novos investimentos estrangeiros, privatiza??es, arranjos contratuais mais flex?veis, desregulamenta??o de alguns mercados e liberaliza??o de pre?os. A perspectiva de reativa??o de crescimento de longo prazo da maioria das economias nos anos 1990 tamb?m ajudou a atrair investimentos. Juntos, estes elementos estimularam a participa??o e o reposicionamento das empresas transnacionais. A desregulamenta??o e as privatiza??es deram origem a um novo fen?meno microsetorial de integra??o energ?tica atrav?s da integra??o dos setores de g?s, eletricidade e derivados. As mudan?as implementadas no per?odo compreendido entre as d?cadas dos anos 1980 e 1990 n?o foram suficientes para uma solidifica??o das institui??es, que se apresentam vol?teis e inst?veis, gerando grandes preocupa??es e perdas financeiras para os agentes econ?micos que acreditaram e acreditam no potencial da regi?o. N?o obstante, os riscos regulat?rios se mostraram muito presentes nos ?ltimos anos. Dessa forma uma empresa que queira expandir os seus neg?cios em g?s natural no Cone Sul, ter? que, cada vez mais, conhecer os mercados e as incertezas regulat?rias de cada um dos pa?ses, para que a sua tomada de decis?o n?o se mostre invi?vel no longo prazo. Dessa forma, ? importante que os agentes econ?micos que atuam neste setor busquem ampliar o seu conhecimento e desenvolvam modelos de decis?o de investimentos que levem em considera??o as diversas vari?veis do macroambiente e com especial aten??o as vari?veis regulat?rias. Neste contexto esta tese tem como objetivo criar um arcabou?o te?rico e emp?rico mapeando as sensibilidades sobre risco regulat?rio que auxilie aos investidores e tomadores de decis?o com rela??o a investimento em g?s natural no Cone Sul. Para tal, partimos da an?lise dos impactos gerados pelo processo de mudan?a institucional do setor energ?tico e os seus rebatimentos na ind?stria de g?s natural. Avaliamos os impactos dessas mudan?as no que diz respeito ?s decis?es de investimento. Tamb?m procuramos apresentar a import?ncia da regula??o como um componente de decis?o de investimentos dos agentes privados. O suporte te?rico da tese ? dado por uma vis?o institucionalista, que ? totalmente aderente ao tema proposto. Trabalhamos com os denominados Novos Te?ricos Institucionalistas, utilizamos os estudos dos novos institucionalistas sobre direito de propriedade, custos de transa??o, contratos, e a import?ncia das institui??es como forma de criar um ambiente com maior estabilidade de regras quando estes analisam a teoria do custo de transa??o e a import?ncia dos contratos como forma de blindar as incertezas do ambiente de neg?cio.
Andrade, Willian Bruno Fernandes de. "Associação genética de características de qualidade de carne e precocidade sexual em animais Nelore (Bos indicus) /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127874.
Full textBanca: Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo
Banca: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
Resumo: O Brasil tem papel de destaque no setor da agropecuária mundial, tendo o maior rebanho comercial do mundo, ocupando o posto de maior exportador de carne bovina na atualidade. O rebanho do país é formado majoritariamente por animais de raças zebuínas, sendo em sua maioria da raça Nelore. No entanto, a pecuária de corte nacional, em geral apresenta baixa produtividade e inconstância na qualidade do produto final, a carne. A busca por alternativas que possam melhorar a eficiência e a produtividade do sistema, aumentando a lucratividade e qualidade da carne produzida no país, é um dos desafios da pecuária brasileira. Portanto, avaliar a associação genética existente entre características que tem influência direta na produtividade da pecuária de corte nacional, pode contribuir para a melhoria do setor. Neste contexto, elucidar a associação genética existente entre a precocidade sexual de fêmeas e a deposição de gordura na raça Nelore, disponibilizando ferramentas para identificar animais (touros) que produzam novilhos que são precoces em acabamento de carcaça e novilhas precoces sexualmente, pode contribuir para encurtar o ciclo de produção da bovinocultura de corte e aumentar a lucratividade e produtividade do sistema. Desta forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, estimar as correlações genéticas de característica indicadora de precocidade sexual com características de qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore, visando obter informações que possam ser incorporadas aos programas de melhoramento genético animal com finalidade de aumentar os índices de produtividade e qualidade da carne bovina produzida no país. Os dados utilizados no estudo são oriundo de três programas de melhoramento genético, DeltaGen, Paint e Nelore Qualitas. Para a característica de precocidade sexual, foram utilizados registros de 55.945 fêmeas com pesagem pós desmama, e nascidas no período de 1993 a 2012. Para obter os...
Abstract: Brazil has a world's prominent role in the agricultural sector, and the largest commercial herd in the world, occupying, nowadays, the position of largest beef exporter. The country's herd is mainly composed of Bos indicus breed, specially Nellore breed. However, it is known that, in general, Bos indicus breeds have low productivity index and produces meat of lower quality then Bos taurus. Seeking for alternatives that may improve the efficiency and productivity of the animals, increasing the profitability and the meat quality produced in the country, is the challenges of the Brazilian livestock. Therefore, assessing the genetic association between traits that have direct influence on the productivity may contribute to the improvement of the sector. Within this context, elucidating the genetic association between sexual precocity of females and fat deposition in Nellore, providing tools to identify animals (bulls) that produce calves that are early in carcass finishing and sexually precocious heifers, may contribute to short the production cycle of beef cattle and increase profitability and productivity of the system. Thus, the aim of the present study is to estimate the genetic correlations between sexual precocity trait and meat quality traits in Nelore cattle, in order to obtain informations that can be incorporated into animal breeding programs. For sexual precocity trait, all records of females that were born from 1993 to 2012 were used. For carcass and meat quality traits were used only males, born from 2008 to 2011, fed for finishing in a period of 90 days. Variance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using bull linear model for the EGS characteristics, MARM and LIP and non-linear sire model (threshold) to PREC. Two-trait analyzes were carried out, involving the PREC feature and one of the three characteristics, EGS, MARM or LIP. The heritability estimates obtained by bi-trait analyzes were 0.06, 0.03 and 0.05, for ...
Mestre
Andrade, Willian Bruno Fernandes de [UNESP]. "Associação genética de características de qualidade de carne e precocidade sexual em animais Nelore (Bos indicus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127874.
Full textO Brasil tem papel de destaque no setor da agropecuária mundial, tendo o maior rebanho comercial do mundo, ocupando o posto de maior exportador de carne bovina na atualidade. O rebanho do país é formado majoritariamente por animais de raças zebuínas, sendo em sua maioria da raça Nelore. No entanto, a pecuária de corte nacional, em geral apresenta baixa produtividade e inconstância na qualidade do produto final, a carne. A busca por alternativas que possam melhorar a eficiência e a produtividade do sistema, aumentando a lucratividade e qualidade da carne produzida no país, é um dos desafios da pecuária brasileira. Portanto, avaliar a associação genética existente entre características que tem influência direta na produtividade da pecuária de corte nacional, pode contribuir para a melhoria do setor. Neste contexto, elucidar a associação genética existente entre a precocidade sexual de fêmeas e a deposição de gordura na raça Nelore, disponibilizando ferramentas para identificar animais (touros) que produzam novilhos que são precoces em acabamento de carcaça e novilhas precoces sexualmente, pode contribuir para encurtar o ciclo de produção da bovinocultura de corte e aumentar a lucratividade e produtividade do sistema. Desta forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, estimar as correlações genéticas de característica indicadora de precocidade sexual com características de qualidade de carne de bovinos Nelore, visando obter informações que possam ser incorporadas aos programas de melhoramento genético animal com finalidade de aumentar os índices de produtividade e qualidade da carne bovina produzida no país. Os dados utilizados no estudo são oriundo de três programas de melhoramento genético, DeltaGen, Paint e Nelore Qualitas. Para a característica de precocidade sexual, foram utilizados registros de 55.945 fêmeas com pesagem pós desmama, e nascidas no período de 1993 a 2012. Para obter os...
Brazil has a world's prominent role in the agricultural sector, and the largest commercial herd in the world, occupying, nowadays, the position of largest beef exporter. The country's herd is mainly composed of Bos indicus breed, specially Nellore breed. However, it is known that, in general, Bos indicus breeds have low productivity index and produces meat of lower quality then Bos taurus. Seeking for alternatives that may improve the efficiency and productivity of the animals, increasing the profitability and the meat quality produced in the country, is the challenges of the Brazilian livestock. Therefore, assessing the genetic association between traits that have direct influence on the productivity may contribute to the improvement of the sector. Within this context, elucidating the genetic association between sexual precocity of females and fat deposition in Nellore, providing tools to identify animals (bulls) that produce calves that are early in carcass finishing and sexually precocious heifers, may contribute to short the production cycle of beef cattle and increase profitability and productivity of the system. Thus, the aim of the present study is to estimate the genetic correlations between sexual precocity trait and meat quality traits in Nelore cattle, in order to obtain informations that can be incorporated into animal breeding programs. For sexual precocity trait, all records of females that were born from 1993 to 2012 were used. For carcass and meat quality traits were used only males, born from 2008 to 2011, fed for finishing in a period of 90 days. Variance components were estimated by Bayesian inference using bull linear model for the EGS characteristics, MARM and LIP and non-linear sire model (threshold) to PREC. Two-trait analyzes were carried out, involving the PREC feature and one of the three characteristics, EGS, MARM or LIP. The heritability estimates obtained by bi-trait analyzes were 0.06, 0.03 and 0.05, for ...
Carrara, Rallik Pires. "As representações de alunos do ensino fundamental e médio sobre o "bom professor" de história : Londrina (2014-2015)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000207338.
Full textThis work aims to investigate the representations of The Good History Teacher by students in the final grades of elementary and middle school, searching to observe what they consider relevant to this professional discipline, qua classroom practice and teacher-student relationship.Initially, it resorts to authors in Education and History Teaching field to understand the role of the History Teacher, and what they say about his work, where between "being" and "doing" are teacher experiences, motivations and questions that contribute to the formation of its identity as educator, who sets out looks, senses, knowledge and practices. After that, the analysis of Previous Questionnaires applied among students of 6th, 9th and 3rd year to investigate the stories of how students understand the use of History, the discipline of History and the History Teacher. Finally, questions about history Teacher go back to the Focal Group, seeking for the student's representations about the History Teacher.
Morotti, Fábio. "Dinâmica folicular ovariana de vacas Nelore (Bos indicus) sincronizadas com protocolo de IATF à base de progesterona injetável." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2013. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000184373.
Full textTwo experiments were conducted to compare the ovarian follicular dynamics of Nelore (Bos indicus) synchronized with FTAI protocol with injectable progesterone (P4) versus intravaginal device. In the experiment I, 36 multiparous cows 45-60 days post-partum were used. Twenty cows received an intravaginal device with 1 g of P4 and administration of 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) intramuscularly (IM) on D0. The device was removed on D8, followed by administration of 500 μg of cloprostenol, 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC), IM. FTAI was performed on D10. In the injectable group, 350 mg of P4 (300 mg subcutaneously and 50 mg IM) and 2 mg of EB IM were administered on D0 to 16 cows. On D6, 500 μg of cloprostenol, 300 IU of eCG and 1 mg of EC were administered IM. FTAI was performed on D8. In the experiment II, 22 cows (11 with and 11 without corpus luteum - CL) received the same protocol with intravaginal device above, but the EC was replaced by 1 mg of EB on D9. Other 22 cows (11 with and 11 without CL) were synchronized with same protocol injectable P4 above, where the EC was replaced by 1 mg EB on D7. Ultrasonography was performed to determine follicular dynamics. In the experiment II, 65% of cows from the device group (13/20) and 75% from the injectable group (12/16) showed follicles ≥ 5 mm on D4 (p>0.05). The average rate of follicular growth was 0.92±0.25 and 1.06±0.45 mm/day for the device group and injectable, respectively (p>0.05). The average diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) at FTAI was 11.4±1.4 mm for the device group and 10.8±1.8 mm for the injectable group (p>0.05). The average diameter of the ovulatory follicles (OF) was 12.1±1.4 and 12.3±1.6 mm for the device group and injectable, respectively (p>0.05). The ovulation occurred in ninety percent of the device group (18/20) and in 37.5% of the injectable group (6/16); (p<0.05). The average diameter of the CL was 18.7±4.3 mm for the device group and 17.7±3.6 mm for the injectable group. In the experiment II, cows with or without CL, treated with injectable P4 or intravaginal device showed similar follicles ≥ 5 mm on D4, rate of follicular growth, rate of behavioral estrus and diameter of CL (p>0.05). Animals synchronized with an intravaginal device showed larger diameter of the DF at FTAI (11.7±2.0 mm) and OF (11.8±1.7 mm) than those received injectable P4 (9.7±1.7 and 10.6±1.8 mm, respectively); (p<0.05). Absence or presence of CL in cows synchronized with intravaginal device and the presence of CL in animals treated with injectable P4 showed better diameter of OF (12.4±1.3 or 12.1±1.2 and 12.2±1.4 mm, respectively) compared with those without CL treated with injectable P4 (10±2.0 mm); (p<0.05). The ovulation occurred in 59% (13/22) of cows with CL, 77.2% (17/22) of animals without CL, 90.9% (20/22) of treated with intravaginal device and 45.5% (10/22) of synchronized with injectable P4 (p<0.05). Cows without CL synchronized with intravaginal device showed better ovulation rate (100%, 11/11) than those treated with injectable P4, without CL (54.5%, 6/11) and with CL (36.3%, 4/11); (p<0.05). The pregnancy rate was larger in the intravaginal device group (45.4%, 10/22) compared to injectable P4 groups (18.1%, 4/22); (p=0.05). Cows synchronized with injectable P4-based FTAI protocol showed similar ovarian follicular dynamics to those treated with intravaginal device. However, the ovulation and pregnancy rates were lower in the injectable groups, possibly due to individual difference on P4 metabolism, resulting in variables levels of LH.
Algayer, Nathalie Silva. "Efeitos de agentes estressores sobre os níveis séricos de cortisol e taxa de prenhez em vacas nelore (Bos Indicus) submetidas à IATF." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/45673.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Defesa: Curitiba, 10/05/2016
Inclui referências : f. 48-59;76-80
Área de concentração : Nutrição e produção animal
Resumo: A pecuária de corte é uma atividade representativa no Brasil e contribui expressivamente para a economia. No entanto, os índices de produtividade estão abaixo do desejado e do potencial do país, de modo que a baixa eficiência reprodutiva do rebanho tem colaborado para isto. A dificuldade de se obter um bezerro/vaca/ano, atrelada à alta incidência de anestro pós-parto atua fortemente nesta eficiência reprodutiva insatisfatória. Assim, protocolos que buscam sincronizar o estro dos animais e aumentar a taxa de serviço, os chamados protocolos de Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF), vêm sendo empregados, oferecendo inúmeras vantagens. Paralelo ao uso dos protocolos de sincronização, que buscam melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva, um fator que comprovadamente diminui a fertilidade e acontece rotineiramente na pecuária é o estresse. Os fatores liberados nesse mecanismo agem diretamente sobre o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal, inibindo a reprodução. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar se os agentes estressores que ocorrem no manejo da IATF (Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo) e os níveis séricos de cortisol têm efeito sobre as taxas de prenhez em fêmeas Bos indicus. Foram utilizadas 261 vacas Bos indicus, multíparas, saudáveis, lactantes paridas (30 a 45 dias pós-parto), com idade média de 6,6 (± 1,45) anos e escore de condição corporal (ECC) entre 2,5 e 3 (na escala de 1 a 5, em que 1= muito magra e 5= muito gorda). O mesmo protocolo de IATF foi aplicado a todos os animais. Foram utilizados três inseminadores e sêmen de um único touro. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado de 28 a 32 dias após a inseminação, com uso de ultrassom transretal. Foram considerados agentes estressores: Tempo no Brete, Tempo no Tronco, Tempo Total, Distância Invernada Curral, Distância Curral Invernada, Distância Total Percorrida, Tempo sem Bezerro e Tempo no Curral. Para verificar se houve correlação entre o horário de coleta e os níveis de cortisol foi realizada a correlação de Spearman. O efeito dos agentes estressores sobre a probabilidade de gestação foi aferido por meio da análise de regressão logística, enquanto que o efeito dos níveis de cortisol sobre a gestação foi determinado pelo teste Mann- Whitney. Houve efeito do meio (inseminador, fazenda e mês) e do Tempo no Tronco sobre as chances de prenhez (p<0,05), de maneira que, quanto maior o Tempo no Tronco, menor a chance da prenhez. Isto mostra que esse agente estressor foi eficaz em inibir a reprodução, afetando a eficiência reprodutiva em vacas Bos indicus submetidas a um protocolo de IATF. A taxa de prenhez não foi afetada pelos níveis séricos de cortisol (p>0,05). Palavras-chave: eficiência reprodutiva; estresse; IATF; manejo no curral; reprodução; tempo no tronco.
Abstract: The beef cattle livestock is a representative activity in Brazil and contributes significantly to the economy. However, productivity rates are below desired and below the potential of the country, so that the herd's low reproductive efficiency has contributed to this. The difficulty of obtaining a calf / cow / year, linked to the high incidence of postpartum anestrus acts strongly on this poor reproductive efficiency. Therefore, the protocols that seek synchronize the animals estrus and increase the service charge, the so called protocols of Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), have been employed, offering numerous advantages. Parallel to the use of synchronization protocols which seek the improvement of the reproductive efficiency, a proven factor that decreases the fertility and happens routinely in livestock is stress. The factors released in this mechanism act directly on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by inhibiting the reproduction. The objectives of this work were to verify if the stressing agents occurring during the handling of the Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) and the serum cortisol levels have an effect on the pregnancy rate of female Bos indicus. There were used 261 suckling cows Bos indicus (30 to 45 days postpartum), multiparous, healthy, with ages averaging 6.6 (± 1.45) years and with body condition score between 2.5 and 3 (in the scale of 1 to 5, in which 1=very thin and 5=very fat). The same FTAI protocol was applied to all animals. Three inseminators and the semen of one only bull were used. The pregnancy diagnosis was made by transrectal ultrasonography 28 to 32 days after the insemination. The following stressing agents were considered: time in the pen, time in the chute, total time, distance between pasture and corral, distance between corral and pasture, time without calf, time in the corral. The Spearman correlation was used to verify if there was a relation between the collection time and the cortisol levels. The effect of the stressing agents on the pregnancy probability was measured by logistic regression analysis, while the effect of the cortisol levels on pregnancy was determined by the Mann-Whitney test. There was an effect of the means (inseminator, farm and month) and the time in the chute on the pregnancy rates (p<0.05), in a way that the longer the time in the chute, the smaller the pregnancy rate. This shows that the time in the chute was able to inhibit the reproduction, affecting the reproductive efficiency of Bos indicus cows subjected to a FTAI protocol. The pregnancy rate was not affected by the serum cortisol levels (p>0.05). Keywords: FTAI; handling in the corral; reproduction; reproductive efficiency; stress; time in the squeeze chute.
Lazzarini, Dárcio Aurélio Benetton. "A taxa ótima de hedge no mercado brasileiro do boi gordo: uma abordagem com BEKK, DCC e BEKK com dummies de safra e entressafra." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8265.
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This dissertation has three objectives. The first is to find out the best method to calculate the optimal hedge ratio of the brazilian market of live cattle. In order to do this, five models were tested: BEKK, DCC of Tse and Tsui (2002), DCC of Engle and Sheppard (2001), BEKK with crop dummy and BEKK with intercrop dummy. The second is to calculate the gap between the hedge ratio in the crop and in the intercrop, whereas the hedge ratio in the intercrop must be higher than in the crop because the higher uncertainty about a negative impact on the offer, which would affect negatively the cost of the slaughter houses. The third and last objective is to unveil the fact that the brazilian literature of the optimal hedge ratio is finding very short estimations of this hedge ratio compared with those used on the market. The Conclusion is that the DCC’s models have the best performance by the variance reduction criteria and Sharpe index increase criteria and that the hedge ratio in the intercrop must not be higher than in the crop. Another finding is that the gap of the intertemporal expectation caused by the contractual change implies a higher variance on the future return series, which decrease the hedge ratio.
Esta dissertação tem três objetivos. O primeiro é encontrar o melhor método para se calcular a taxa ótima de 'hedge' no mercado brasileiro do boi gordo. Para isso, foram testados cinco modelos: BEKK, DCC de Tse e Tsui (2002), DCC de Engle e Sheppard (2001), BEKK com dummy de safra e BEKK com dummy de entressafra. O segundo é calcular o diferencial de razões de 'hedge' entre a safra e entressafra, pois a taxa de 'hedge' na entressafra deve ser maior devido a uma maior incerteza sobre um possível choque de oferta, o que afetaria negativamente os custos dos frigoríficos. O terceiro e último objetivo é desvendar o porquê da literatura brasileira de taxa ótima de 'hedge' estar encontrando estimativas muito pequenas das taxas quando comparadas às realizadas no mercado. Conclui-se que os modelos DCC’s são os que, no geral, obtém um desempenho melhor pelo critério de redução de variância e aumento do índice de Sharpe e que a taxa de 'hedge' na entressafra não deve ser maior que na safra. Nota-se também que a quebra da expectativa intertemporal com a mudança de contratos faz com que a variância da série dos retornos futuros aumente muito, diminuindo assim a taxa de 'hedge'.