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Journal articles on the topic 'Core shell structured catalyst'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 July 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Wang, Hong, Ying Wang, Xianyou Wang, Peiying He, Lanhua Yi, Wei Yi, and Xue Liu. "Investigation of the Performance ofAucore-Pdshell/C as the Anode Catalyst of Direct Borohydride-Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/129182.

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The carbon-supported bimetallic Au-Pd catalyst with core-shell structure is prepared by successive reduction method. The core-shell structure, surface morphology, and electrochemical performances of the catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry. The results show that the Au-Pd/C catalyst with core-shell structure exhibits much higher catalytic activity for the direct oxidation of NaBH4than pure Au/C catalyst. A direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell, in which the Au-Pd/C with core-shell structure is used as the anode catalyst and the Au/C as the cathode catalyst, shows as high as 68.215 mW cm−2power density.

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2

Wu, Yan Ni, Hai Fu Guo, Peng Hu, Xiao Peng Xiao, Zhao Wang Xiao, and Shi Jun Liao. "A Comparative Study on Ternary Low-Platinum Catalysts with Various Constructions for Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions." Nano 11, no. 07 (July 2016): 1650081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500818.

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Three types of ternary low-platinum nanocatalysts, alloy PdPtIr/C, core–shell PdPt@PtIr/C and Pd@PtIr/C, have been prepared, and their catalytic behaviors toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR)/oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are comparatively investigated via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analysis in an acidic medium. Through a two-step colloidal technique, the synthesized core–shell structured catalyst PtPd@PtIr/C with alloy core and alloy shell show the best catalytic activity toward MOR and the best poisoning tolerance. The alloy PdPtIr/C catalyst prepared via a one-step colloidal technique exhibits the best performance toward ORR among the three catalysts. All the three catalysts are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other characterization techniques.

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3

Zhao, Bonan, Zhipeng Dong, Qiyan Wang, Yisong Xu, Nanxia Zhang, Weixing Liu, Fangning Lou, and Yue Wang. "Highly Efficient Mesoporous Core-Shell Structured Ag@SiO2 Nanosphere as an Environmentally Friendly Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050883.

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The size-uniformed mesoporous Ag@SiO2 nanospheres’ catalysts were prepared in one-pot step via reducing AgNO3 by different types of aldehyde, which could control the size of Ag@SiO2 NPs and exhibit excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. The results showed that the Ag core size, monitored by different aldehydes with different reducing abilities, together with the ideal monodisperse core-shell mesoporous structure, was quite important to affect its superior catalytic performances. Moreover, the stability of Ag fixed in the core during reaction for 6 h under 2.0 MPa, 140 °C made this type of Ag@SiO2 catalyst separable and environmentally friendly compared with those conventional homogeneous catalysts and metal NPs catalysts. The best catalyst with smaller Ag cores was prepared by strong reducing agents such as CH2O. The conversion of nitrobenzene can reach 99.9%, the selectivity was 100% and the catalyst maintained its activity after several cycles, and thus, it is a useful novel candidate for the production of aniline.

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4

Kuttiyiel, Kurian A., Kotaro Sasaki, Wei-Fu Chen, Dong Su, and Radoslav R. Adzic. "Core–shell, hollow-structured iridium–nickel nitride nanoparticles for the hydrogen evolution reaction." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 3 (2014): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14301e.

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5

Hong, Wei, Xin Feng, Lianqiao Tan, Aiming Guo, Bing Lu, Jing Li, and Zidong Wei. "Preparation of monodisperse ferrous nanoparticles embedded in carbon aerogels via in situ solid phase polymerization for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction." Nanoscale 12, no. 28 (2020): 15318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01219j.

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Core–shell structured materials constructed by using Fe/Fe₃C cores and nitrogen doped carbon shells represent a type of promising non-precious oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst due to well-established active sites at the interface positions.

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6

Nan, Haoxiong, Xinlong Tian, Junming Luo, Dai Dang, Rong Chen, Lina Liu, Xiuhua Li, Jianhuang Zeng, and Shijun Liao. "A core–shell Pd1Ru1Ni2@Pt/C catalyst with a ternary alloy core and Pt monolayer: enhanced activity and stability towards the oxygen reduction reaction by the addition of Ni." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 3 (2016): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta07740k.

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7

Lee, Hyunju, and Doohwan Lee. "Synthesis Chemistry and Properties of Ni Catalysts Fabricated on SiC@Al2O3 Core-Shell Microstructure for Methane Steam Reforming." Catalysts 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10040391.

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Heat and mass transport properties of heterogeneous catalysts have significant effects on their overall performance in many industrial chemical reaction processes. In this work, a new catalyst micro-architecture consisting of a highly thermally conductive SiC core with a high-surface-area metal-oxide shell is prepared through a charge-interaction-induced heterogeneous hydrothermal construction of SiC@NiAl-LDH core-shell microstructures. Calcination and reduction of the SiC@NiAl-LDH core-shell results in the formation of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on SiC@Al2O3, referred to as Ni/SiC@Al2O3 core-shell catalyst. The Ni/SiC@Al2O3 exhibit petal-like shell morphology consisting of a number of Al2O3 platelets with their planes oriented perpendicular to the surface, which is beneficial for improved mass transfer. For an extended period of methane-stream-reforming reaction, the Ni/SiC@Al2O3 core-shell structure remained stable without any significant degradation at the core/shell interface. However, the catalyst suffered from coking and sintering likely associated with the relatively large Ni particle sizes and the low Al2O3 content. The synthesis procedure and chemistry for construction of supported Ni catalyst on the core-shell microstructure of the highly thermal conductive SiC core, and the morphology-controlled metal-oxide shell, could provide new opportunities for various catalytic reaction processes that require high heat flux and enhanced mass transport.

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8

Albers, Peter W., Konrad Möbus, Stefan D. Wieland, and Stewart F. Parker. "The fine structure of Pearlman's catalyst." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 7 (2015): 5274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05681g.

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9

Chang, Huazhen, Tao Zhang, Hao Dang, Xiaoyin Chen, Yanchen You, Johannes W. Schwank, and Junhua Li. "Fe2O3@SiTi core–shell catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3: activity improvement and HCl tolerance." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 13 (2018): 3313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00810h.

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A core–shell structured Fe₂O₃@SiTi catalyst with a SiTi shell and Fe₂O₃ core was prepared and used for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃.

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10

Liu, Lili, Xiaojing Zhou, Yongmei Yan, Jie Zhou, Wenping Zhang, and Xishi Tai. "Bimetallic Gold-Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 as Highly Active Heterogenous Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol into Benzaldehyde." Polymers 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101089.

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The metal-organic zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) supported gold-silver bimetallic catalysts with a core-shell structure (Au@Ag/ZIF-8 and Ag@Au/ZIF-8) and cluster structure (AuAg/ZIF-8) were successfully prepared by the deposition-redispersion method. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping images displayed that in the Au@Ag/ZIF-8 catalyst, Ag atoms were deposited on an exposed Au surface, and core-shell structured Au@Ag particles with highly dispersed Ag as the shell were formed. Additionally, the XPS investigation at gold 4f levels and silver 3d levels indicated that the Au and Ag particles of Au@Ag/ZIF-8, Ag@Au/ZIF-8, and AuAg/ZIF-8 were in a zero valence state. Among the resultant catalysts obtained in this study, Ag@Au/ZIF-8 catalysts showed the highest catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, followed by AuAg/ZIF-8 and Au@Ag/ZIF-8. The turnover frequency (TOF) values were in the order of Ag@Au/ZIF-8 (28.2 h−1) > AuAg/ZIF-8 (25.0 h−1) > Au@Ag/ZIF-8 (20.0 h−1) at 130 °C within 1 h under 8 bar O2 when using THF as solvent. The catalysts of Au@Ag/ZIF-8 and Ag@Au/ZIF-8 with core–shell structures have higher benzaldehyde selectivities (53.0% and 53.3%) than the AuAg/ZIF-8 catalyst (35.2%) in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. The effect of the solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time, and reaction pressure on benzyl alcohol conversion and benzaldehyde selectivity in benzyl alcohol selective oxidation over Au@Ag/ZIF-8, Ag@Au/ZIF-8, and AuAg/ZIF-8 were also investigated. All of the catalysts showed excellent performance at 130 °C under 8 bar O2 within 1 h when using THF as the solvent in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Moreover, the catalysts can be easily recycled and used repetitively at least four times.

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11

Xu, Zhiqiang, Jianwen Li, Weixin Qian, Hongfang Ma, Haitao Zhang, and Weiyong Ying. "Synthesis of core–shell SAPO-34@SAPO-18 composites by the epitaxial growth method and their catalytic properties for the MTO reaction." RSC Advances 7, no. 86 (2017): 54866–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11395a.

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12

Xu, Le, Hong-gen Peng, Kun Zhang, Haihong Wu, Li Chen, Yueming Liu, and Peng Wu. "Core–Shell-Structured Titanosilicate As A Robust Catalyst for Cyclohexanone Ammoximation." ACS Catalysis 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2012): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cs3006007.

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13

Wang, Feifan, Yanjie Huang, Zhigang Chai, Min Zeng, Qi Li, Yuan Wang, and Dongsheng Xu. "Photothermal-enhanced catalysis in core–shell plasmonic hierarchical Cu7S4microsphere@zeolitic imidazole framework-8." Chemical Science 7, no. 12 (2016): 6887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc03239g.

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14

McCue, Alan J., Richard T. Baker, and James A. Anderson. "Acetylene hydrogenation over structured Au–Pd catalysts." Faraday Discussions 188 (2016): 499–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00188a.

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AuPd nanoparticles were prepared following a methodology designed to produce core–shell structures (an Au core and a Pd shell). Characterisation suggested that slow addition of the shell metal favoured deposition onto the pre-formed core, whereas more rapid addition favoured the formation of a monometallic Pd phase in addition to some nanoparticles with the core–shell morphology. When used for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene, samples that possessed monometallic Pd particles favoured over-hydrogenation to form ethane. A sample prepared by the slow addition of a small amount of Pd resulted in the formation of a core–shell structure but with an incomplete Pd shell layer. This material exhibited a completely different product selectivity with ethylene and oligomers forming as the major products as opposed to ethane. The improved performance was thought to be as a result of the absence of Pd particles, which are capable of forming a Pd-hydride phase, with enhanced oligomer selectivity associated with reaction on uncovered Au atoms.

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15

Zhang, Fengwei, and Hengquan Yang. "Multifunctional mesoporous silica-supported palladium nanoparticles for selective phenol hydrogenation in the aqueous phase." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 1 (2015): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy01036a.

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16

Chen, Yanping, Yiming Xu, Dang-guo Cheng, Yingcai Chen, Fengqiu Chen, Xiaoyong Lu, Yiping Huang, and Songbo Ni. "Synthesis of CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 @ SAPO-34 core@shell structured catalyst by intermediate layer method." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 5 (May 19, 2014): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-1121.

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AbstractThe present study focuses on synthesis of SAPO-34 zeolite membrane on the surface of CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst particles to form CZA@SAPO-34 core@shell structured catalyst. In contrast to the traditional support of porous alumina, CZA catalyst particles have a relatively brittle surface, which leads to a big challenge to coat SAPO-34 zeolite membrane on their surface. Moreover, the hydrothermal synthesis of SAPO-34 zeolite membrane is carried out under weakly alkaline condition at 200 °C for hours, which causes part of the surface of CZA to be fragmented. To overcome these shortcomings, the intermediate layer of alumina is introduced to the surface of the CZA particles and acts as a barrier to the high-temperature hydrothermal and alkaline condition. It also takes as a transition to enhance SAPO-34 zeolite seeds adherence to the surface of CZA particles. With the help of an alumina layer, a continuous and dense zeolite membrane has been obtained on the surface of CZA particles. The prepared core@shell structured catalyst has better selectivity in CO hydrogenation for producing light hydrocarbons because of the synergetic effects between the membrane and core catalyst.

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17

Chen, Xiaowen, Jingxia Gao, Luyuan Wang, Ping Zhu, Xinsheng Zhao, Guoxiang Wang, and Sa Liu. "Core–shell structured nanoporous N-doped carbon decorated with embedded Co nanoparticles as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 5 (2021): 2760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj06196d.

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18

Wang, X., K. Shih, and X. Y. Li. "Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water under visible light using core/shell nano-catalysts." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 9 (May 1, 2010): 2303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.147.

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A microemulsion technique was employed to synthesize nano-sized photocatalysts with a core (CdS)/shell (ZnS) structure. The primary particles of the photocatalysts were around 10 nm, and the mean size of the catalyst clusters in water was about 100 nm. The band gaps of the catalysts ranged from 2.25 to 2.46 eV. The experiments of photocatalytic H2 generation showed that the catalysts (CdS)x/(ZnS)1−x with x ranging from 0.1 to 1 were able to produce hydrogen from water photolysis under visible light. The catalyst with x = 0.9 had the highest rate of hydrogen production. The catalyst loading density also influenced the photo-hydrogen production rate, and the best catalyst concentration in water was 1 g L−1. The stability of the nano-catalysts in terms of size, morphology and activity was satisfactory during an extended test period for a specific hydrogen production rate of 2.38 mmol g−1 L−1 h−1 and a quantum yield of 16.1% under visible light (165 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm). The results demonstrate that the (CdS)/(ZnS) core/shell nano-particles are a novel photo-catalyst for renewable hydrogen generation from water under visible light. This is attributable to the large band-gap ZnS shell that separates the electron/hole pairs generated by the CdS core and hence reduces their recombinations.

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19

Toshima, Naoki. "Core/shell-structured bimetallic nanocluster catalysts for visible-light-induced electron transfer." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2000): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010317.

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It has been found that the bimetallic nanoclusters often have so-called core/shell structure if they are prepared by alcohol-reduction of two kinds of noble metal ions in the presence of a water-soluble polymer like poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrolidone)(PVP), and that the core/ shell structured bimetallic nanoclusters have much higher catalytic activity than the corresponding monometallic nanoclusters. Here, several kinds of monometallic and bimetallic nanoclusters are synthesized by the similar method, and the catalyses are measured. Thus, the colloidal dispersions of Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru monometallic, and Au/Pt, Au/Pd, Au/Rh, and Pt/Ru bimetallic nanoclusters were synthesized and applied as the catalysts for visible-light- induced hydrogen generation. The core/shell structures are analyzed mainly by UV–vis spectra. The rate of electron transfer from the methyl viologen cation radical to the metal nanoclusters is proportional to the hydrogen generation rate at the steady state. All the electrons accepted by the metal nanoclusters are used for the hydrogen generation. Both electron transfer and hydrogen generation rates increase when the bimetallic nanoclusters are used in place of the corresponding monometallic nanoclusters. The most active catalysts were Au/Rh and Pt/Ru bimetallic nanoclusters.

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20

Zhang, Ling, Zhong-Xiang Jiang, Yue Yu, Chong-Shuai Sun, Yu-Jia Wang, and Hai-Yan Wang. "Synthesis of core–shell ZSM-5@meso-SAPO-34 composite and its application in methanol to aromatics." RSC Advances 5, no. 69 (2015): 55825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10296k.

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21

Xie, Lisi, Fengli Qu, Zhiang Liu, Xiang Ren, Shuai Hao, Ruixiang Ge, Gu Du, Abdullah M. Asiri, Xuping Sun, and Liang Chen. "In situ formation of a 3D core/shell structured Ni3N@Ni–Bi nanosheet array: an efficient non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalyst toward full water splitting under near-neutral conditions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 17 (2017): 7806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02333b.

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22

Nan, Haoxiong, Xinlong Tian, Lijun Yang, Ting Shu, Huiyu Song, and Shijun Liao. "A Platinum Monolayer Core-Shell Catalyst with a Ternary Alloy Nanoparticle Core and Enhanced Stability for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/715474.

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We synthesize a platinum monolayer core-shell catalyst with a ternary alloy nanoparticle core of Pd, Ir, and Ni. A Pt monolayer is deposited on carbon-supported PdIrNi nanoparticles using an underpotential deposition method, in which a copper monolayer is applied to the ternary nanoparticles; this is followed by the galvanic displacement of Cu with Pt to generate a Pt monolayer on the surface of the core. The core-shell Pd1Ir1Ni2@Pt/C catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity, yielding a mass activity significantly higher than that of Pt monolayer catalysts containing PdIr or PdNi nanoparticles as cores and four times higher than that of a commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst. In 0.1 M HClO4, the half-wave potential reaches 0.91 V, about 30 mV higher than that of Pt/C. We verify the structure and composition of the carbon-supported PdIrNi nanoparticles using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and we perform a stability test that confirms the excellent stability of our core-shell catalyst. We suggest that the porous structure resulting from the dissolution of Ni in the alloy nanoparticles may be the main reason for the catalyst’s enhanced performance.

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23

Hu, Jixiang, Ting Qu, Yan Liu, Xin Dai, Qiang Tan, Yuanzhen Chen, Shengwu Guo, and Yongning Liu. "Core–shell-structured CNT@hydrous RuO2 as a H2/CO2 fuel cell cathode catalyst to promote CO2 methanation and generate electricity." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 12 (2021): 7617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta11232a.

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24

Aoki, Naoya, Hideo Inoue, Hisashi Kawasaki, Hideo Daimon, Takayuki Doi, and Minoru Inaba. "Durability Improvement of Pd Core-Pt Shell Structured Catalyst by Porous SiO2Coating." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165, no. 10 (2018): F737—F747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0131810jes.

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25

Yaldagard, Maryam, Naser Seghatoleslami, and Mohsen Jahanshahi. "Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity Improvement in Cu/PtPd Nanocatalyst Based on Core-Shell Structured through Electrochemical Synthesis on Porous Gas Diffusion Electrodes in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." Journal of Nano Research 31 (April 2015): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.31.62.

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In this paper, a two-step method is developed for efficient preparation of Cu/Pt-Pd core-shell structured catalyst on Nafion-bonded carbon paper electrodes for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Copper nanoparticles with diameter distribution of 80-160 nm are obtained by potential-modulation electrodeposition. In copper electrodeposition the charge-transfer step is fast and the rate of growth is controlled by the rate of mass transfer of copper ions to the growing centers. After the copper electrodeposition the replacement of Cu by PtPd occurs spontaneously by an irreversible redox process. The nature and composition of PtPd/Cu on pretreated carbon paper are characterized by field emission–scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The as prepared Cu/PtPd electrode is found in the form of core-shell structure with uniform dispersion on the surface with average nanoparticles of 41.5 nm diameter. Electrochemical activity of PtPd/Cu and conventional Pt/C on pretreated carbon paper electrodes towards oxygen reduction is studied by linear sweep voltammetry experiments. Low values of Tafel slope and free activation energy reveal that Cu/PtPd with core-shell structure shows greater electrochemical activity than conventional Pt/C catalyst. Electrochemical surface area (ECSA) results also show that Cu/PtPd with core-shell structure has greater stability than the Pt/C electrode.

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26

Ramírez, S. P., J. A. Wang, M. A. Valenzuela, L. F. Chen, and A. Dalai. "CuO@TiO2 and NiO@TiO2 core-shell catalysts for hydrogen production from the photocatalytic reforming of glycerol aqueous solution." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 18, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 390–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2020.18.6.1365.

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Hydrogen production from the photocatalytic reforming of glycerol aqueous solution was performed on the CuO@TiO2, NiO@TiO2, NiO@CuO, and CuO@NiO core-shell nanostructured catalysts under simulated solar light irradiation. These catalysts were prepared by the combination of a modified sol-gel and a precipitation-deposition method using hydroxypropyl cellulose as structural linker and they were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen physisorption isotherms techniques. The catalysts containing TiO2 as a shell and CuO as core showed much higher activity compared with those formulated with NiO@CuO, CuO@NiO, and bared CuO or NiO nanoparticles. The highest rate of hydrogen production obtained with the CuO@TiO2 catalyst was as high as 153.8 μmol·g−1h-1, which was 29.0, 24.8, 11.2 and 3.2 times greater than that obtained on CuO@NiO, NiO@CuO, TiO2 P25, and NiO@TiO2 catalyst, respectively. For the high active CuO@TiO2 catalyst, after activation of TiO2 with solar light irradiation, the conduction band electrons can be transferred to CuO core through the heterojunction in the core-shell interfaces which led to CuO gradually reduced to Cu2O, favoring the reduction of proton to release hydrogen.

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Yang, H., J. S. Milano-Brusco, A. Wolf, and W. Leitner. "Core Shell-Structured Nanoparticles as Economically Competitive Catalysts." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 82, no. 9 (August 27, 2010): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201050708.

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28

Li, Weigang, Gang Li, and Dan Liu. "Synthesis and application of core–shell magnetic metal–organic framework composites Fe3O4/IRMOF-3." RSC Advances 6, no. 96 (2016): 94113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17824c.

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29

Chen, Lu, Long Kuai, and Baoyou Geng. "Shell structure-enhanced electrocatalytic performance of Au–Pt core–shell catalyst." CrystEngComm 15, no. 11 (2013): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ce27058k.

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30

Baier, Sina, Christian D. Damsgaard, Michael Klumpp, Juliane Reinhardt, Thomas Sheppard, Zoltan Balogh, Takeshi Kasama, et al. "Stability of a Bifunctional Cu-Based Core@Zeolite Shell Catalyst for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Under Redox Conditions Studied by Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy andIn SituX-Ray Ptychography." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000332.

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AbstractWhen using bifunctional core@shell catalysts, the stability of both the shell and core–shell interface is crucial for catalytic applications. In the present study, we elucidate the stability of a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3@ZSM-5 core@shell material, used for one-stage synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas. The catalyst stability was studied in a hierarchical manner by complementary environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) andin situhard X-ray ptychography with a specially designedin situcell. Both reductive activation and reoxidation were applied. The core–shell interface was found to be stable during reducing and oxidizing treatment at 250°C as observed by ETEM andin situX-ray ptychography, although strong changes occurred in the core on a 10 nm scale due to the reduction of copper oxide to metallic copper particles. At 350°C,in situX-ray ptychography indicated the occurrence of structural changes also on theµm scale, i.e. the core material and parts of the shell undergo restructuring. Nevertheless, the crucial core–shell interface required for full bifunctionality appeared to remain stable. This study demonstrates the potential of these correlativein situmicroscopy techniques for hierarchically designed catalysts.

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31

Wang, Lingyan, Xin Wang, Jin Luo, Bridgid N. Wanjala, Chongmin Wang, Natasha A. Chernova, Mark H. Engelhard, Yao Liu, In-Tae Bae, and Chuan-Jian Zhong. "Core−Shell-Structured Magnetic Ternary Nanocubes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 50 (December 22, 2010): 17686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja1091084.

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32

Wang, Darui, Bo Wang, Yu Ding, Haihong Wu, and Peng Wu. "A novel acid–base bifunctional catalyst (ZSM-5@Mg3Si4O9(OH)4) with core/shell hierarchical structure and superior activities in tandem reactions." Chemical Communications 52, no. 87 (2016): 12817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06779d.

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33

Bao, Yufei, Fulong Wang, Xiaocong Gu, and Ligang Feng. "Core–shell structured PtRu nanoparticles@FeP promoter with an efficient nanointerface for alcohol fuel electrooxidation." Nanoscale 11, no. 40 (2019): 18866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07158j.

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A core–shell structured catalyst based on active PtRu nanoparticles and a novel promoter of FeP with an efficient nano-interface was synthesized for the first time, demonstrating activity for the electrooxidation of alcohol fuels.

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34

Wang, J., Z. Chen, Y. Yu, Z. Tang, K. Shen, R. Wang, H. Liu, X. Huang, and Y. Liu. "Hollow core–shell structured TS-1@S-1 as an efficient catalyst for alkene epoxidation." RSC Advances 9, no. 65 (2019): 37801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07893b.

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Xia, Shuixin, Weichen Du, Liping Zheng, Ping Chen, and Zhaoyin Hou. "A thermally stable and easily recycled core–shell Fe2O3@CuMgAl catalyst for hydrogenolysis of glycerol." Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, no. 4 (2014): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cy00990d.

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Ding, Yu, Jingxia Tian, Wei Chen, Yejun Guan, Hao Xu, Xiaohong Li, Haihong Wu, and Peng Wu. "One-pot synthesized core/shell structured zeolite@copper catalysts for selective hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate to methanol and ethylene glycol." Green Chemistry 21, no. 19 (2019): 5414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01726g.

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Novel hierarchical core/shell structured S-1@Cu with balanced Cu⁰ and Cu⁺ active species was synthesized via base-assisted hydrothermal chemistry and served as a robust catalyst for selective EC hydrogenation to methanol.

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Liu, Yansheng, Bo Qiao, Xinlin Li, Xuanduong Le, Wei Zhang, and Jiantai Ma. "Hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols catalyzed by SiO2/Pd@m-SiO2 core-shell structured catalyst." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 406 (September 2015): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.05.016.

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38

Zhou, Yaxin, Weiyi Tong, Wei Zou, Xiaolan Qi, and Dejin Kong. "Manufacture of b-Oriented ZSM-5/Silicalite-1 Core/Shell Structured Zeolite Catalyst." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 45, no. 9 (April 24, 2015): 1356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2013.862699.

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Sheppard, Thomas L., Stephen W. T. Price, Federico Benzi, Sina Baier, Michael Klumpp, Roland Dittmeyer, Wilhelm Schwieger, and Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt. "In Situ Multimodal 3D Chemical Imaging of a Hierarchically Structured Core@Shell Catalyst." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 23 (May 26, 2017): 7855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b02177.

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Yu, Linyu, Gonggang Liu, Zhiwei Wang, Yonghua Zhou, and Hongqi Ye. "A core–shell structured Si–Al@Al2O3 as novel support of Pd catalyst." Catalysis Communications 68 (August 2015): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2015.04.027.

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Chen, Wei, Xianbin Liu, Huaifeng Li, Zhongli Fan, Bin Zheng, Zhiqiang Weng, Zhiping Lai, and Kuo-Wei Huang. "C–S Cross-Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Recyclable Core-Shell Structured Copper/Cu2O Nanowires Under Ligand-Free Conditions." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 03, no. 01n02 (March 2015): 1540001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237315400018.

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Core-shell structured Cu / Cu 2 O nanowires were demonstrated as efficient catalysts for C – S cross-coupling reactions. The excellent coupling activity over Cu / Cu 2 O nanowires on a diverse set of aryl iodides and thiols is attributed to the synergetic effect of the special core-shell structures and their advanced spatial configuration.

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Wang, Guang Ying, Li Fang, Fei Fei Li, and Surin Saipanya. "Methanol Electro-Oxidation Using RuRh@Pt/C." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1297.

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A core-shell structure RuRh@Pt/C nanoparticles was prepared by using a two-step reduction method under ultrasonic promotion. The catalytic performance was tested in methanol electrooxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the obtained catalyst. The results showed that there was no alloy formed between the core RuRh and the shell Pt. The electrocatalytic activity of RuRh@Pt/C varied with the Ru/Rh ratio in the bimetallic core, among which the catalyst with the Ru/Rh ratio 1:2 and the Pt-shell thickness of 1.5 (Ru1Rh2@Pt1.5/C) showed the highest catalytic activity for methanol. With this catalyst, the current density of the oxidation peak for methanol electro-oxidation reached 2.3 times as that of Pt1.5/C while the corresponding peak potential shifted 60 mV negatively in comparing to that of Pt1.5/C. In addition, the catalyst with the core-shell structure of RuRh@Pt/C possessed much higher CO-tolerance for methanol electro-oxidation, indicating its promising application in low temperature fuel cell.

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Lu, Yang, Yong-Song Luo, Hong-Mei Xiao, and Shao-Yun Fu. "Novel core–shell structured BiVO4 hollow spheres with an ultra-high surface area as visible-light-driven catalyst." CrystEngComm 16, no. 27 (2014): 6059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce00379a.

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Zambrzycki, Christian, Runbang Shao, Archismita Misra, Carsten Streb, Ulrich Herr, and Robert Güttel. "Iron Based Core-Shell Structures as Versatile Materials: Magnetic Support and Solid Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010072.

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Core-shell materials are promising functional materials for fundamental research and industrial application, as their properties can be adapted for specific applications. In particular, particles featuring iron or iron oxide as core material are relevant since they combine magnetic and catalytic properties. The addition of an SiO2 shell around the core particles introduces additional design aspects, such as a pore structure and surface functionalization. Herein, we describe the synthesis and application of iron-based core-shell nanoparticles for two different fields of research that is heterogeneous catalysis and water purification. The iron-based core shell materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, as well as N2-physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer measurements in order to correlate their properties with the performance in the target applications. Investigations of these materials in CO2 hydrogenation and water purification show their versatility and applicability in different fields of research and application, after suitable individual functionalization of the core-shell precursor. For design and application of magnetically separable particles, the SiO2 shell is surface-functionalized with an ionic liquid in order to bind water pollutants selectively. The core requires no functionalization, as it provides suitable magnetic properties in the as-made state. For catalytic application in synthesis gas reactions, the SiO2-stabilized core nanoparticles are reductively functionalized to provide the catalytically active metallic iron sites. Therefore, Fe@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures are shown to provide platform materials for various fields of application, after a specific functionalization.

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Ikeda, Tomohiro, Toru Wada, Yusuke Bando, Patchanee Chammingkwan, and Toshiaki Taniike. "Bottom-Up Synthesis of Multi-Grained Ziegler–Natta Catalyst Based on MgO/MgCl2/TiCl4 Core–Shell Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091092.

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Morphology control plays a major role in the design of solid catalysts. Since the heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalyst (ZNC) is based on the in situ synthesis of MgCl2 support in a top-down manner, the individual control of the exterior and the interior structure of the catalyst macro-particles is challenging. In this study, we successfully prepared a ZNC with a multi-grain interior structure by the spray-drying of MgO nanoparticles, inspired by the fact that the MgO/MgCl2/TiCl4 core–shell catalyst can maintain the morphology of the raw MgO nanoparticles. This catalyst is the first example of the bottom-up preparation of MgCl2-supported ZNC. Here, we report its basic preparation method, characterization results, and performance in the homo-polymerization of ethylene and propylene, and copolymerization with 1-hexene.

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Liu, Hua, Changyan Cao, Ping Li, Yu Yu, and Weiguo Song. "Core-shell structured nanospheres with mesoporous silica shell and Ni core as a stable catalyst for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane." Journal of Energy Chemistry 23, no. 1 (January 2014): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-4956(14)60117-0.

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Wang, Darui, Bo Wang, Yu Ding, Qingqing Yuan, Haihong Wu, Yejun Guan, and Peng Wu. "Robust synthesis of green fuels from biomass-derived ethyl esters over a hierarchically core/shell-structured ZSM-5@(Co/SiO2) catalyst." Chemical Communications 53, no. 73 (2017): 10172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc05007k.

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Bifunctional ZSM-5@(Co/SiO₂) with a hierarchical core/shell structure was successfully prepared through a novel method, which served as an excellent catalyst in the synthesis of green fuels.

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Sui, Xu-Lei, Zhen-Bo Wang, Cun-Zhi Li, Jing-Jia Zhang, Lei Zhao, and Da-Ming Gu. "Effect of core/shell structured TiO2@C nanowire support on the Pt catalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 11 (2016): 3767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy02188j.

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49

Zhu, Shuaikang, Xiaona Ren, Xiaoxue Li, Xiaopo Niu, Miao Wang, Shuang Xu, Zheyuan Wang, Yunxi Han, and Qingfa Wang. "Core-Shell ZnO@Cu2O as Catalyst to Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2 Products." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050535.

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The copper-based catalyst is considered to be the only catalyst for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to produce a variety of hydrocarbons, but its low selectivity and low current density to C2 products restrict its development. Herein, a core-shell xZnO@yCu2O catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction was fabricated via a two-step route. The high selectivity of C2 products of 49.8% on ZnO@4Cu2O (ethylene 33.5%, ethanol 16.3%) with an excellent total current density of 140.1 mA cm−2 was achieved over this core-shell structure catalyst in a flow cell, in which the C2 selectivity was twice that of Cu2O. The high electrochemical activity for ECR to C2 products was attributed to the synergetic effects of the ZnO core and Cu2O shell, which not only enhanced the selectivity of the coordinating electron, improved the HER overpotential, and fastened the electron transfer, but also promoted the multielectron involved kinetics for ethylene and ethanol production. This work provides some new insights into the design of highly efficient Cu-based electrocatalysts for enhancing the selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction to produce high-value C2 products.

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Bhuana, Donny, Junshe Zhang, Fanxing Li, Matthew Cooper, and Timothy Brantley. "Development of Hybrid Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts for Direct Production of Synthetic Gasoline from Coal-Based Syngas: An Indonesian Perspective." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p47.

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The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) represents an environmentally friendly method for producing liquid fuelfrom coal-based syngas via the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. In order for such a process to be feasible,better catalysts that are capable of enhancing the reaction performance are required. In response to these needs,new catalysts were investigated and introduced in this work. The incorporation of zeolite into the iron based FTScatalyst was expected to help refine the hydrocarbon products and shift the product distribution from the typicalFTS product range to the middle iso-paraffins, which is a gasoline range, and eventually increase the yield of theliquid fuel. This study aims to develop catalyst for producing liquid fuel, particularly gasoline, from carbonmonoxide and hydrogen. The pH of the catalysts was found to have significant effect on the catalytic activity dueto its ability to control the amount of promoter to be precipitated in the catalyst, which results in a lowerreduction temperature. Physically mixing the iron based FTS catalyst with zeolite was found to have little effecton the catalytic activity and the product distribution, apart from slightly increasing the selectivity of iso-paraffins,which is the indication of isomerization activity. Coating of zeolite onto the iron based FTS catalyst to form acore-shell structure was intended to enhance the ease of migration of the reactant and thus increasing thecatalytic activity and shifting the product distribution towards the gasoline range. While zeolite shell has beensuccessfully coated uniformly on the iron based core using hydrothermal synthesis technique, the formation ofthick zeolite shell might have blocked the active FTS sites on the iron based catalyst to some extent and isbelieved to have contributed to the low activity of the core-shell catalyst.

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