Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coréen (langue) – Grammaire générative'
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Tchoue, Joon-Soo. "La réalisation syntaxique des dépendances lexicales en coréen : stratégie configurationnelle et stratégie non-figurationnelle." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081319.
Full textThe object of this dissertation is to study the syntactic realization mode of the selectional properties of a predicate in korean and in other languages. Two complementary strategies can be distingused by the parameter on the strength of predicate : the configurational strategy and the non-configurational strategy. The configurational strategy is already characterized in a precise way in principles and parameters. It is expressed in general by the two independant principles ; the projection principle and the th-criterion. So, in a configurational language, a category like dp or pp represents, in syntax, arguments and adjuncts of a predicate. We think the predicate is weak in a configurational language. The weak predicate discharges its thematic roles on the categories introduced by the operation merge. The category introduced in this way and the predicate must construct a certain structure in accordance with the projection principles and the th-criterion. The predicate is strong in a non-configurational language. Thematic roles will be discharged in the interior of a predicate. So, a categorial projection like dp is not necessary nor obligatory to represent the selectional properties of a predicate. The non- predicative category is not an argument and do not construct any configurational structure with a predicate, which is summoned by the thematic role assignment. The predicate is strong in korean
Hong, Yong-Tcheol. "Théorie de l'incorporation et théorie du cas : leurs implications sur la structure phrastique et sur la structure du syntagme nominal en Coréen." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080703.
Full textThis thesis investigates the phrase structure and the noun phrase structure of korean. In this investigation, the theory of incorporation and the theory of case are invoked in a principled way. The phrase structure proposed for korean is a layered structure in which the constituents of a verbal complexeare automous categories. As for elements with nominative morphemes, some of them are analyzed as subjects and the others as focus elements. The distribution of case morphemes is explained by the theory of incorporation and by the constraint on the morphological realization of case features. A configurational structure is proposed for noun phrases in korean, based on the distribution of genetive elements and on the pronominal and anaphoric binding
Choi, Dong-Sin. "Théorie minimaliste, ordre universel et une solution pour la facultativité de deux déplacements syntaxiques." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081344.
Full textThis thesis aims to provide one solution for the optionality of two syntactic movements : scrambling and object shift (scr and os) under the minimalist program of chomsky (1995). In chapter 1, it is attempted to prove not only that there is only one basic , universal order in the vp (verbal phrase) but also that one must admit not just the universal presence but at least the universal hierarchy of the functionnal categories. In chapter 2, we distinguish the scr from the os, paying attention to the free word order vs. The fixed word order in the double object construction. In this chapter, we show that the notion of equidistance, proposed by chomsky and accepted by many authors, runs into serious problems theoretically and empirically. In chapter 3, it is argued that the scr is an a movement phenomenon, not an a-bar movement phenomenon, and that in regard to the os of pronouns in the scandinavian languages, it is possible to provide a unifying solution to the two conflicting analyses : x0 movement or xp movement. In chapter 4 it is attempted to provide a solution to the optionality of the scr and of the os. The conclusion in this chapter is that only the neutral order in the sov languages is motivated by the case and that not only the scr but also the os are motivated by the same factor different from the case, the contrast between them explained by one parameter that we propose
Kim, Kyung-Suk. "Accord, traits grammaticaux et argument nul en Coréen." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080744.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to characterize the sentence structure and study the phenomenon of null subject object in korean without grammatical greement. The absence of agreement is due to the structural differences between languages. The fact that the subject object of a predicate can be invisible in korean is attributed to the nature of lexical prnouns and the sentence structure: the grammatical feataures are not syntactically inert
Pak, Hyong-Ik. "Lexique-grammaire du coréen : construction à verbes datifs." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070140.
Full textThe dative verbs are a subclass of the korean verb for constructing a lexicon-grammar of korean. The 110 dative verbs are taken from the principal properties : -the subject and the indirect object are headed by a human noun -the particle eke (to) alternate only with hanthe (to) -there is a tranfer of the direct complement from the subject to the indirect object -the direct object is a human noun, etc
Chardon-Lechêne, Emmanuelle. "Le mode subjonctif en français moderne : perspectives en grammaire générative." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030114.
Full textSyntactic analyses of natural languages conspicuously differ in the way in which they take meaning into account, and they also crucially differ in the identification of the units they take to be relevant. As regards the empirical question of the subjunctive mood, the head Cʿ and its projection CP appear to be a particularly salient locus for its occurrence since, in general, mood is a grammatical categoy that contributes to the expression of modality. Moreover, it is also relevant to observe what is implied by native speakers' intuitions regarding the subjunctive, such as subjectivity parameters, which cannot be accounted for within the strict limits of truth-conditionally oriented Logical Form. The main contention of this dissertation consists in rejecting the exclusive disjunction reading of the following characterisation of the subjunctive: "either the mood of complementation, or the mood of subjectivity", and to show that both these dimensions are needed to account for the data - and interact. From a morphophonological point of view, the French subjunctive paradigms are analysed as belonging under the general category "Past" and are shown to derive from the imperfect tense ones. From the semantic point of view, a strong relationship is recognised (or established) between the occurrences of this mood and a feature of "deassertion" located in Tʿ, the functional head locally c-commanded by Cʿ, and appears in contexts where psychological subjects are involved
KANG, OK KYUNG. "Anaphore et honorificite en coreen moderne." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081629.
Full textLee, Hee-Young. "L'auxiliation aspectuelle en coréen et en français." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040056.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to elaborate certain notions concerning two major linguistic phenomena, namely auxiliation and aspect, and to apply them to the Korean and French predicate systems. The following question are addressed : how can a lexical verb be employed as a grammatical marker; is auxiliation motived by semantics of the verb; and what are the characteristics of the aspectual auxiliation in the two languages? In the first section, we present general theoretical issues on auxiliation and aspect. The aspectual categorizations of Korean and French are discussed using the analysis grid proposed by Dik (1989, 1997). Korean aspectual auxiliaries need the complex verbal construction [Vp-Aux], whereas French aspectual auxiliaries are formed periphrastically with an infinitive (with or without a preposition). In the second section, Korean aspectual auxiliaries are examined and compared to the French equivalents for various aspectual values (inchoative, progressive, continuative, resultative, terminative, iterative, and attemptive). The "superposition of markers" (cf. Lemaréchal 1989, 1997) seems to be able to explain the polyfunctionality of such auxiliaries. Each arguments, the semantic properties of the auxiliary, the connector (preposition or conjonctive suffix), the adverbs, etc The close interaction between different TAM categories (Tense-Aspect-Modality) is illustrated by the function of the relevant auxiliaries. From our observation, the majority of the Korean and French verbs show semantic continuity in their use as auxiliaries ( cf. The phenomenon of the persistence, Hopper 1991 ). It can be said that , in the course of grammaticalization, the verb retains a relatively abstracted version of its primary meaning in its auxiliary uses
Yoon, SinWon. "Une grammaire électronique en TAG pour le coréen." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070100.
Full textThis dissertation presents the development of an electronic grammar for Korean in Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG), a formalism using the combination of trees. We define the topology of elementary trees associated with lexical items (nouns, verbs, adverbs, determiners, conjunctions). We specify in particular the definition of verb families. It presents the formalization of structural variants selected by verbs for a same subcategorization frame. We first present the representations of syntactic constructions which are specified b; the verbal suffixes for Korean : the declarative/interrogative/propositive/imperative. We then justify and present the formalization of the various syntactic phenomena that can be distinguished for a subcategorization frame by the redistribution of arguments (the passive and the causative), and the realization of arguments (the extraction). Besides the definition of a TAG grammar for Korean, we are interested to solve the formal problems of TAG, which are derived from a generative capacity insufficient for the free word order. This leads us to propose an extension Pro-VTAG of the V-TAG formalism, based on the idea of dividing a standard structure of the verb into several trees that may adjoin freely within the extended projection of the verb. We show that the Pro-VTAG has the potential capacity to allow the analysis of the free word order in Korean, and that the analysis in Pro-VTAG has the advantages, compared to that in V-TAG, to localize dependencies and to avoid adding an artificial mechanism for blocking extraction
Levrier, Françoise. "Description de phrases élémentaires figées : les constructions à verbes supports N0 dans - en X." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20065.
Full textIn recent years, a number of studies have aimed to describe the frozen lexical units of language. These descriptions were concerned with isolated lexical items (e. G. Adverbs or conjunctions) as well as with complete sentences. In this study, we describe two classes of frozen sentences -among which some frozen sentences with a metaphorical interpretation. The structures we deal with are of two types : Type I : N0 être dans X. Marie est dans le vent, ce projet est dans les limbes, Paul est dans une violente colère, cette réforme est dans le champ de mire de Paul - Type II : N0 être en X. Marie est en voyage, ce document est en bonne et due forme, Luc est en bons termes avec Paul, Max est en droit de réclamer, Marie est en colère contre sa soeur
Simatos, Isabelle. "Eléments pour une théorie des expressions idiomatiques : identité lexicale, référence et relations argumentales." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070056.
Full textThe object of this study is to describe and explain the structural and semantic properties of french idioms -especially those with verbal heads within the framework of generative grammar referred to as "government and binding theory". A theory of idiomatic expressions is developed. It includes on the one hand an exhaustive analysis of idiomatic features, and on the other, an explanatory model for the semantic interpretation of free idioms as opposed to fixed idioms. In particular it is assumed that a free idiom with verbal head is interpreted similarly to a mono-lexical predicative expression. That is, the relational and conceptual properties of such a construct, expressed respectively by its verbal head and nominal complement, are embodied in the syntactic structure of the free idiom. The theory developed herein sheds a new light on some current issues in generative linguistics, especially those addressing the modularity of grammar. Relations between the lexicon, syntax and semantics are also reconsidered
Jung, Eun Jin. "Grammaire des adverbes de durée et de date en coréen." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626254.
Full textDuval, Marc. "Le problème de l'interrogation indirecte totale d'après ses marques (en français, anglais et coréen) : étude contrastive et typologique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040213.
Full textThis thesis deals mainly with morphemes involved in French, English and Korean yes-no indirect questions. The perspective adopted here links the study of grammatical morphemes with that of other linguistic marks, such as prosodic features, the absence or presence of this or that lexical material and its sub-categorization, and the rhetorical/pragmatic competence displayed in the syntax of interrogation. In order to go beyond the purely syntactic problematic of clause embedding, I refer to works of pragmatic and enunciative obedience, dealing with speech acts and reformulation of what are claimed to be actual quotations. Truth is considered to be a core issue. It is proposed that morphemes used in indirect questions are modal operators staging truth and its guarantors in a way similar to the way predicates stage an action and its participants. Hence, I develop the notion of véridicteur, defined as every "actor responsible for the truth of a given proposition". Emphasis will be laid on the diversity of such actors, and on some common characteristics they share with thematic roles alloted by a predicate to its arguments. In particular, véridicteurs are supposed to be hierarchically ordered, and may be subject to promotion or demotion
Pak, Sung-Souk. "Propriétés syntactico-lexicales des verbes et lexicographie bilingue : application lexicographique d'un lexique-grammaire à un dictionnaire bilingue français-coréen." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100065.
Full textThis study is bent on considering the possible applications and limits of linguistic theories to lexicography. More precisely the goal is to examine the theoretical and methodological problems raised by the lexicological treatment of verbs in bilingual dictionaries, in this case, french-korean, on a syntaxical basis, and the possible contributions of recent linguistic results to the lexicography, especially those furnished by the automatic documentary and linguistic laboratory. After having paid attention to the general evaluation of the problems, certain of the encountered difficulties have been considered in the application of the lexico-grammar. As far as equivalence is considered, the classes of verbal constructions of both studied languages have been compared to the translation postulate of "construction to construction". Through these reflections, two main directions have been drawn for modification of the structuration of the verb's article: - first of all, the dispersion of highly heterogeneous structures that are concentrated in the same structure, - and secondly, the concentration of structures of connectable usage that have been dispersed
Kim, Shin-Ho. "Etude de la construction infinitive du verbe causatif de mouvement ( distributionnelle et transformationnelle )." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20031.
Full textThis thesis consists of two major parts about the analysis of the causative movement verb-structure : distributional and transformational analysis. In the first chapter, we have given an account of various infinitive constructions of the causative movement verb in the distributional framework. With the criteria of the definition and of the classes of this verb, we have enumerated the syntactic properties of these constructions. In the base of the distinction between nuclear complements and peripheric complements, we have finally established the comparative table of the different syntactic behaviours of the three infinitive-complements. In the second chapter based on the generativetransformational theories, we have applied three major principles (ssc, oc, bt) to the cl-pl in the constructions of the causative verb, the perception verb, and the causative movement verb. Thus, from the given facts observed from the distributional point of view, we could integrate the syntactic specification of the causative movement verb-structure in the generative-transformational framework with certain modifications of the rules adopted
Vitral, Lorenzo Teixeira. "Structure de la proposition et syntaxe du mouvement en portugais brésilien." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080644.
Full textThe analysis of the negation, adverbs and floating quantifiers showed that brazilian portuguese makes use of the process named verbal raising in order to form a inflected verb. The hypothesis that negation denies the verbal phrase can justify the existence of the phenomenon named negative polarity in this language. The trace in subject position is head-governed by i when the verb is moved and the condition named super-relativized minimality can create a barrier for extraction. The hypothesis that adjunction to ip is possible in brazilian portuguese explains well formed wh violations. Fanally, a empty object can be licentiate by pronominal features associated to the head d of his antecedent
Lee-Kim, Hae-Ran. "Etude de l'apprentissage du système pronominal français par des locuteurs de langue coréenne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10089.
Full textThis study is an example of conjunction of an interlinguistic comparison and analysis of errors. The contrastive analysis of the expression of five categories which appear in pronouns (the person, the number, the gender, the animacy and the function) confirms that grammatical categorisation does not always square with semantic categorisation in a same language and they don't square one with another in two languages such as french and korean. Error analysis shows that the difficulties in learning french pronouns by korean people concern, for the most part, the general notional categories, essential composants of communication. The practice of french pronouns by koreans is a grammatical process, progressive and so different from that in the maternal language, of certain pragmatic intentions (designate or repeat) in the target language. It is in this point of view that we envisage the reexploration of the conclusions of the contrastive analysis and the error analysis and that we redefine the nature of the pedagogic intervention in the practive of french pronouns
Choi, Eun-Jung. "Contribution à une étude comparative des systèmes verbaux français et coréen : suggestion d'une structure logico-sémantique pour l'analyse du temps." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/choi_ej.
Full textNatural language is, no doubt, the reflect of a culture. Linguistic study has to consider this cultural element for the purpose of discussing a question of the grammatical structure. Treating a concept of tense (or more clearly time-tense) and especially one of future time-tense as a principal subject, we tried to understand how the concept of future tense is represented in Korean and French verbal systems. So, a comparative analysis should lead us to demonstrate the idea that the difference of grammatical structures between natural languages comes, in some measure, of the different manners of conceptualizing things and categorizing them. Through our work, we show the existence of a common conceptuel mechanism for the expression of " events to come " in Korean and in French, in spite of their linguistic and cultural differences. We expect that this study could contribute to a research of the best possible translation between French and Korean, following the reflection on the relation between language and thought (or culture)
Hwang, Hajin. "Etude sémantique des interrogations rhétoriques en français et en coréen : statut argumentatif et polyphonique." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0006.
Full textThe present study aims at giving an account of some features of the rhetorical questions considered as a phenomenon both uncommon and heterogeneous in comparison with an interrogation or an assertion. For this purpose, we have introduced in our study both the theory of argumentation developed by j. -c. Anscombre and 0. Ducrot and the theory of polyphony as established by 0. Ducrot. The first part is devoted to rhetorical questions in french which constitue the main ob jet of this research. Through the comparison between a rhetorical questions and the corresponding assertion, we have shown that the first can't be identified to the latter despite the semantic closeness of both utterances. Furthermore, in order to clearly represent the obviousness of the answer, which stands as the essential attribute of the rhetorical question, we have studied the indications allowing for the rhetorical interpretation of an interrogation. In chapter iv et v of the first part, we set forward the instructions of rhetorical questions, both with or without polarity inversion. These instructions are quite useful insofar as they give an account of the process by which the rhetorical interpretation is produced as well as of various discursive roles of rhetorical questions. The study of rhetorical questions treated in the second part is aimed at a quite different objective than the study of rhetorical questions in french. As a matter of fact, in this second part of our research, we have presented some features of rhetorical questions in korean language and shown that the results yielded in french can exmplain the functioning of rhetorical questions in other language
Rechad, Mostafa. "Syntaxe et morphologie des pronoms clitiques : étude de la cliticisation en arabe." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080831.
Full textIn this thesis, we have analysed under the perspective of generative grammar of syntax and morphology of clitic pronoun in arabic. After a general presentation of different forms of pronouns, we have underlined the distinctive features of the clitic pronoun. This one is different from agreement and noun phrase. Moreover, it is not a morphological head but a syntactic one. In the light of the thematic dependance system, we have explained why the occurence of the clitic is possible in some syntactic positions and impossible in others. In our morphosyntactic analysis of the sentence, some structural autonomy. In opposition the tradition approch, we have analysed the so-called nominal sentence in the same way as the verbal sentence. We have also supposed that even the verb can be case-market like the noun and adjective. In the terms of minimalite. Theory, we have proposed a general system of incorporation in arabic shows which category can incorporated in another one. Furthermore, we have studied the problem of the clitic relation of the direct object the indirect object on one hand, and the to agreement on the other hand. Finally, we have formulated a new all-encompassig structure of the clitic pronoun in which, every clitic must be conditioned another elemnt functionning as its complement
Park, Jungyeul. "Extraction automatique d'une grammaire d'arbres adjoints à partir d'un corpus arboré pour le coréen." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070007.
Full textAn electronic grammar is one of the most important elements in the natural language processing. Since traditional manual grammar development is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task, many efforts for automatic grammar development have been taken during last décades. Automatic grammar development means that a System extracts a grammar from a Treebank. Since we might extract the grammar automatically without many efforts if a reliable Treebank is provided, we implement a System which extracts not only a LTAG but also a FB-LTAG from Sejong Korean Treebank. Full-scale syntactic tags and morphological analysis in Sejong Korean Treebank allow us to extract syntactic features automatically and to develop FB-LTAG. During extraction experiments, we modify thé Treebank to improve extracted grammars and extract five différent types of grammars; four lexicalized grammars and one feature-based lexicalized grammar. Extracted grammars are evaluated by ils size, ils coverage and ils average ambiguity. The number of tree schemata is not stabilized at thé end of the extraction process, which seems to indicate that thé size of a Treebank is not enough to reach thé convergence of extracted grammars. However, the number of tree schemata appeared at least twice in the Treebank is nearly stabilized at the end of the extraction process, and the number of superior grammars (the ones which are extracted after thé modification of Treebank) is also much stabilized than inferior grammars. We also evaluate extracted grammars using LLP2 and our extracting System using other Treebank. Finally, we compare extracted grammars with the one of Han et al. (2001) whicis manual ly constructed
Jeon, Yeong-Soon. "Le mode subjonctif : Etude contrastive entre le français et le coréen." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL243.
Full textWhen educational field is concerned, it is important to choose a theory (and or method) able to bring a better result and to adapt to learners. In this perspective, psycho-mechanics by G. Guillaume and contrastive analysis will satisfy to subjunctive teaching for korean students who have difficulties using this mood due to two major reasons : absence of subjunctive in their mother tongue and its teaching based on the principle of grammatical servitude. In the very first place, psycho-mechanics explains best subjunctive by reinforcing the lack of other searchs about this mood. For exemple, it justifies subjunctive in independent or principal clauses and in modal alternation that grammatical servitude ignores. Contrastive analysis will contribute on its part to subjunctive teaching in comparison of subjunctive modalities between two tongues. In spite of the absence of this mood, it will also help students to perceive the marks of subjunctive modalities in Korean
Huang, Xiaoliang. "La linéarisation dans le syntagme nominal en chinois mandarin." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070076.
Full textNominals in Chinese show several interesting phenomena that fascinate linguists working on the generative grammar. Among these characteristics, die use of individual classifiers and the DE element are especially important. These questions have been discussed in existing literature, but one can hardly find studies which cover the whole range of phenomena in question in order to propose a coherent solution in formai syntax. This dissertation intends to carry out such a research, by paying a special attention to the numeral construction and the role of die DE element in the XP-DE-YP construction among other issues. This dissertation is grounded within the generative grammar framework. More specifically, die phenomena will be studied in the "linearization" perspective in Kayne (1994)'s sense, fundamental work that considers the relation between linear order and syntactical hierarchy. The research is organized as follows: die Chapter I is dedicated to a complete presentation of different linearization theories and their evolutionary path. This part will not put emphasis on 'Chinese data in order to keep a more general and theoretical background; die Chapter II is concerned about die numeral construction, the main tasks are to find an appropriate syntactical representation of the construction and to account for phenomena that are semantics-related such as the distinction of count and massif nouns and the interpretation of singular and plural; die Chapter III will focus on the DE element and the three following structures- complementary propositions, deverbals and relatives; the Chapter IV will investigate die syntax of non-nominal syntactical categories in Chinese in order to complete the studies in the Chapters II and III. Some conclusions regarding the linearization previously obtained will also be reconsidered more profoundly within die Minimalist Program framework
Faurin, Christian. "Les hypothèses transformationnelle et morphologique dans le traitement générativiste de la dérivation." Grenoble 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE39038.
Full textThe generativism of transformational or morphological allegiance, regarded as an explicative hypothesis of derivation, is based on a few debatable principles whose simplism surprises in comparison with the bringing into play of complex resources in the formalization of the theory
Oiry, Magda. "L' acquisition des questions à longue distance par des enfants de langue maternelle française : stratégies à dépendance directe versus indirecte et questions alternatives." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3012.
Full textPantazara, Andromaque-Virginie. "Syntaxe dérivationnelle du grec moderne : les constructions verbales à un complément prépositionnel et les constructions nominales et adjectivales prédicatives associées." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082261.
Full textThe aim of this study is the syntactic description and analysis of the verb constructions with an essential prepositional complement in Modern Greek, and the morphologically related predicative noun and/or adjective constructions. The theoretical and methodological framework is the lexicon-grammar (M. Gross 1968, 1975, 1981), based on Z. S. Harris' (1954, 1968) transformational grammar. The fact that we associate morphologically related predicative verbs, nouns and adjectives on the basis of their syntactic and semantic properties constitutes the originality of this work. The perspective of this enterprise is the construction of a general Modern Greek lexicon-grammar, in a similar way to the construction of the general French lexicon-grammar, carried out at LADL
Chun, Jihye. "Interface syntaxe-topologie et amas verbal en coréen et en français." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867292.
Full textKim, Ye-Sug. "Modalisations linguistiques et rapports sociaux en coréen et en français." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040034.
Full textEach language has the elements expressing social relations of interlocutors. The terms we apply to call or designate a person indicate various human relations. The appellation, the professional titles, the kinship terms, the affection terms and the personal pronouns constitute the address terms. Whereas the first function of the French personal pronoun is to distinguish the ranks as the first, the second and the third person, the Korean personal pronoun shows clearly the social relations between the protagonists of speech act rather than their ranks. The pronouns of second person can be classified into four groups according to the criterions of age, social status, familiarity of the interlocutors, in other words factors determining their social relationship. The pronouns of third person are distinguished in the same way. On the other hand, the French personal pronoun's indication of social relations is to find, first of all, in the opposition tu/vous and in the person transformation play (for ex. , 3rd person pronoun or noun clause in place of 2nd person pronoun). The Korean is rich in lexical and grammatical elements allowing to display the various social relations of the partners of speech act : some verbs and some nouns possessing an honorific variable ; the honorific nominative suffix and the honorific dative suffix ; the verbal honorific suffix ; the verbal endings of mood which vary according to the social relation of speaker/hearer. In French, the social relationship indicators of the partners of speech act are less grammaticalized than in Korean. Beyond the address terms, the grammatical dispositions concerning polite demand act, the social relations of the interlocutors can be read in the various levels of language
Horn, Jean-Paul. "Analyse morphologique du russe : définition d'une automatisation avec un minimum de données : implémentation d'une maquette en Prolog." Paris, INALCO, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INAL0003.
Full textThis thesis is an evaluation of the possibilities of automatising a morphological analysis of the Russian words. This analysis is submitted to two major constraints : 1) it can rely only on the knowledge of the word itself and not on the context from which it is extracted, 2) no stem is known a priori, with the exception of the roots forming part of : - homonym derivatives, - derivatives whose segmentation cannot be controlled by simple rules. An important part of this work consists in defining factors leading to an appreciable reduction of this set of stems. This analysis is done with the aid of : three sets of morphemes (prefixes, suffixes and endings) and the two forms of the reflexive pronoun, rules of recognition of foreign words, morphological incompatibilities. The analysis produces grammatemes (sort of identification sheet of the word) of the analysed word, as reduced as possible. The reduction of this grammateme is the result of the intersection of the sets of information bound to each one of the morphemic elements forming the word to be analysed
Desagulier, Guillaume. "Modélisation cognitive de la variation et du changement linguistiques : étude de quelques cas de constructions émergentes en anglais contemporain." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30039.
Full textThis dissertation explores the mechanisms of variation and language change within the cognitive framework of Construction Grammars. From a usage-based perspective, a construction is both conservative and innovative. On the one hand, the symbolic form/meaning pairing is relatively stabilized insofar as it is the conventional product of an abstraction from linguistic experience on a collective scale. On the other hand, speakers do not reproduce exactly the same pairings, which makes reanalysis possible. That differential defines a zone of potential development for each construction, which is precisely what enables grammar to keep pace with language flexibility. Our working assumption is that it is by studying intermediate forms that we can gain a better understanding of creativity and innovation, from both a linguistic and a cognitive perspective. That is why we argue in favor of a Fuzzy Construction Grammar. Our case studies tend to show that form/function reshuffling is best understood as a grammatical blend, for which we offer a new definition, based on a critical examination of the works by Fauconnier and Turner (1996). We see those constructional integration networks as the keystone of our model. They hinge on the following principle: a construction that is cognitively salient provides solid ground for structure of speakers' mental grammar. This stable symbolic unit can thus (i) be retrieved wholly or partially to provide a template for the composition of new constructions (ii) help speakers/hearers gain access to more complex pairings
Palasis, Katerina. "Syntaxe générative et acquisition : le sujet dans le développement du système linguistique du jeune enfant." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE2010.
Full textWe address the matter of the acquisition of the syntactic subject by French-speaking children combining the generative framework with methods borrowed from dialectology. Indeed, our analysis is forwarded within the Principles and Parameters theory but nevertheless also rests on the scrutiny of a broad corpus of spontaneous data collected over seven months with twenty children between two years and a half and four years old. These data are transcribed orthographically and are labelled on two additional dependent tiers with morpho-syntactic and error coding. The database is hence compatible with CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System, cf. Http://childes. Psy. Cmu. Edu/). A total of 10674 potential subjects is analysed, to include nominative clitics uttered on their own, doubled, or tripled with tonic pronouns or nouns, interrogative and relative items, nominal phrases uttered on their own, as well as null elements. Our research hence allows us to argue in favour of the existence of two French grammars: (i) an initial “spontaneous” system manipulated by all the French speakers in which the nominative clitics are handled as verbal prefixes and (ii) a “normed” system in which the nominative clitics are syntactic arguments. A split pro-drop parameter, i. E. A distinctive suffix parameter and a prefix parameter, enables us to account for the observed interlinguistic variations
Moustaki, Argyro. "Les expressions figées être prép C W en grec moderne." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081099.
Full textThis study presents "frozen" expressions related to the support verb to be in modern greek. Our approach is based on z. S. Harris'transformational grammar whose methodological frame has been worked out in french by m. Gross. We have mainly studied prepositional structures, but also structures in which the predicate noun is in the genitive or dative case. After having described the global structures and lexical composition of those expressions, we classify them according to their syntactical structure. A description of the distributional and transformational properties of the 2200 collected idioms is given in the 9 binary matrices (tables) that we have worked out. The variables and the operators entailed in the structures are also represented : it thus constitutes the lexicon-grammar of those expressions whoses entries are not words, but whole sentences. Our study is morphological as far as it describes the morphological behaviour of parts of speech ; the study is also syntactical as those morphological relations are treated syntactically
Sklavoúnou, Elisávet. "Etude comparée de la nominalisation des adjectifs en grec moderne et en français." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081290.
Full textOur study is based on transformational grammar (zeilig harris, 1968) and consists in describing syntactically adjectives' nominalization in modern greek following the theoretical framework developed by maurice gross (1975). We are studying in an explicit way, in elementary sentences, the syntactic relations between nominal and adjectival constructions, on support verb, morphologically related and semantically synonymous. We are making remarks on the syntactical behaviour of adjectives in nominalization structures in modern greek and in french (a. Meunier, 1981), on distributional and transformational basis. Our work is divided in five parts. In the introduction we are presenting the adjectival construction in modern greek, in the first part we are presenting the criteria of selection used for the constitution of our corpus. In the second part we are studying the distributional properties of the entries of our lexicon-grammar. The syntactic description of the adjectival and nominal constructions are presented in the third part. The syntactical description of constructions sharing specific properties is the subject of the fourth part. We establish the tables of the lexicon-grammar of adjectives' nominalization in modern greek where are described the constructions according to their syntactic category: anpn (constructions with a facultative prepositional complement), anpn2 (constructions with an obligatory prepositional complement) ancaus (causative constructions) ansy (symmetrical constructions) table anhq (constructions with a phrasal subject), an(intransitive constructions) aneut (constructions operating conversion) and the list anapp (constructions on appropriate nouns with an obligatory modifier). In the fifth part we are presenting our remarks on the relation between the syntax, the morphology and the translation of these constructions
Goncharov, Julie. "COMPARATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS COMPARED : ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26722/26722.pdf.
Full textObenauer, Hans-Georg. "Aspects de la syntaxe A-barre : effets d'intervention et mouvements des quantifieurs." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A012.
Full textShin, Sunock. "Modalité et reprise dialogique : études de cas dans le cadre d'une grammaire comparée Français-Coréen." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD057.
Full textThis dissertation proposes Three Primary Functions as the main comparative framework to analyze the French and Korean reported speeches. Firstly, within the comparative grammar framework, we seek to identify which linguistic procedures permit the French and Korean to have a quotation and explicate their modes of functioning. Secondly, as the introducer of reported speech is predicate, and its arguments quoted speech and speaker, this comparative study (between French and Korean) aims to explain modes of functioning of the predicative usages. Thirdly, it examines the modality question – concerning the position of the speaker closer to and/or distanced from the reported speech – question by which we can analyze how the speech of an interlocutor is interpreted by speaker both in French and Korean reported speeches. We adopted Three Primary Functions as our main analytical frame because they treat the reported speech efficiently in identifying which linguistic procedures make possible the French and Korean languages to have a quotation and explicate their modes of functioning. We can resume our study in three main points: 1) to show the interests in comparative analysis of the reported speech within modality perspective; 2) to conduct the comparative analysis of French and Korean reported speeches; 3) to use Three Primary Functions to synthesize our analyses of French and Korean reported speeches
Huh, Hyun Gue. "Délimitation et étiquetage des morphèmes en coréen par ressources linguistiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626255.
Full textSauzet, Patrick. "Attenance, gouvernement et mouvement en phonologie : les constituants dans la phonologie et la morphologie de l'occitan." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080747.
Full textAllowing within lexical representations the kind of oriented linearity implicit in writing conventions presupposes either a numerical caracterisation, or some arbitrary constituent structure. Such presuppositions can be avoided if primes within morphemes are related to each other solely through "attenance" (unoriented adjacency), a symmetrical, intransitive (and reflexive?) relation. The linear unfolding of speech in time is derived from attenance through syllabification. This derivation, besides attenance, needs an unambiguous starting point to syllabification: the "distinguished segment", which can be thought of as a point where attenance is defined between phonic and non phonic information within a morpheme. Attenance then appears to encode both combinatory idiosyncrasies and the arbitratiness of the sign. The combination of morphemes also procedes through the distinguished segment. Hence suffixes enjoy the status of morphological heads in occitan (and french or english as well). In accordance with a reduced version of x-bar theory, only two operations yield constituents: government and adjunction. A movement transformation further derives the status of syllabe onsets as adjunctions coindexed with nuclei. Geminates too can be described. .
Nash, Léa. "Portée argumentale et marquage casuel dans les langues SOV et dans les langues ergatives : l'exemple du géorgien." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA083751.
Full textThe thesis investigates the nature of positions occupied by the principal arguments, subject and object, in simple declarative sentences in SOV and ergative languages. Chomsky's Minimalist program (1993, 94, 95) is adopted as the basic theoretical framework for this project. This study argues that both SOV and ergative languages present little evidence in support of the idea that the direct object or the subject occupy a case position in this type of languages. However, the evidence does suggest that the arguments move (if at all) for interpretative reasons, to serve as a subject of predication or to obtain certain scopal hierarchy over other arguments in the sentence, and not out of morphosyntactic necessity to check purely formal structures. The question whether the movement to scope positions takes place from base-generated thematic positions or from case positions (these two not being necessarily identical) is left open. However, the factors concerning the economy of derivation militate in favor of the direct movement of arguments from base-generated positions to scope positions, thus putting in question the conceptual validity of structural case positions of projections and consequently of case-driven argument movement. Georgian presents an ideal empirical case-study to test and develop the hypotheses above. The language manifests SOV order but also freely allows for SVO structures. The word order SOV / SVO split does not affect the morphological shape of the arguments in question. As an ergative language, Georgian also exhibits person and aspect splits that result in case array shifts from ergative-absolutive to nominative-objective. Interestingly and as expected, the shift from one case system to another has little or no impact on word-order
Fradin, Bernard. "Organisation de l'information lexicale et interface morphologie/syntaxe dans le domaine verbal." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080791.
Full textThis thesis aims at describing french verbal auxiliaries. This description is put back in a broader range of questions concerning what linguistics considers as simple and complex. One of the major topics discussed in the first part is the question of the styles of description. We show that ita corresponds to a configurational approach,while both itp and wap are coined with a processual approach. Does the morphology constitute a system of its own,with categories and rules distinguished from those of syntax? the second part answers positively to this question and argues that the classical morphemic approach is unsuited to account for describing morphological phenomena,whatever they are. A detailed and formal account of most derivational phenomena in french is given, including those with truncation,allomorphy or suppletion. A treatment is proposed of the so-called parasynthetic forms. Bracketing paradoxes are also discussed at length. The third part begins with a criticism of the most influential analyses of french auxiliaries. In the following chapters, it is argued that complex verb forms involve a left side recursion and a configurational representation. Dur analysis gives a principled explanation of why there is no form with more than two temporal auxiliaries. The various surface forms of simple verbal tenses are accounted for through the application of chained functions. The verbal terminations are not affixes but the exponence of grammatical features carried by the verb
Marque-Pucheu, Christiane. "Structures prépositionnelles semi-figées Prép C1 de N2 : verbes supports associés et structure interne." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081054.
Full textIf the nominal groups when not used in an adverb comply to general rules of relative sentence derivation, when being subject, object or indirect object, somes adverbs exhibit specific limitations when compared to usual nominal groups ; these limitations affect the relationship between the article and the modifier. These restrictions which seldom occur with subjects or objects appear in some sentences with a support verb. Following z. S. Harris 1976 and m. Gross 1990 assumption, stating that the adverb is a predicate of some underlying verb, we tried to reduce many adverbs to simple or minimal sentences where a prepositional form directly derived from the adverb is syntactically mandatory ; such a structure with a preposition can be linked to some support verb ant the adverb form can be derived from the predicative form when embedded in a sentence. We assumed that the relationship between article and modifier in the predicative form directly implies a corresponding relationship in the adverbial form. This assumption has be proved in most cases, and alternative explanations have been proposed in some other cases
Strik, Nelleke. "Syntaxe et acquisition des phrases interrogatives en français et en néerlandais : une étude contrastive." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/145515753#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation is about the syntax and acquisition of simple and Long Distance Wh interrogative sentences in French and Dutch, two typologically different languages. We report on the results of an elicited production task with children aged 3 to 6 in these two languages, which makes it possible to carry out a systematic comparison. We claim that the development of interrogative sentences is determined by the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis (cf. Jakubowicz 2005, Jakubowicz & Strik 2008), which proposes that derivational complexity can be calculated by a metric. In particular, in the acquisition of Long Distance Wh interrogatives, a contrast between the French and the Dutch children appears, whereby the latter produce more non-standard structures, involving less complexity. The fact that the French children do not prefer certain less complex structures leads us to conclude that syntactic operations are constrained by others factors, like interpretational requirements (guided by Logical Form) and working memory. In general, we suppose that language acquisition involves tension between derivational simplicity and interpretational ease
El, Khattabi Khadija. "La structure de la proposition et la syntaxe de la négation en arabe standard et en arabe marocain." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081105.
Full textThis thesis deals with the clause structure and the syntax of negation in standard and moroccan arabic. The analysis of negation goes through a correct understanding of the clause structure, which is itself partly dependent on the morphology-syntax connection. The morphology-syntax connection is analysed in the first chapter, based on n. Chomsky's (1965 and 1992) and m. Halle and a. Marantz's (1992) theories. For the specific case of standard arabic, the following conclusions are proposed in the thesis :. Every category whose morphological head is a suffix spelled out as a combinaison of (person-number)features is verbal. . Every category whose morphological head is a suffix spelled out as a combinaison of (number-case) features is nominal. . The perfective and imperfective verbs in standard arabic are therefore morphologically and categorially different : the perfective verb is a verbal category. The imperfective verb is a nominal category. The clause structure of standard arabic is delt with in the second chapter. The perfective verb is analysed as a verbal predicate whose extended projection is persp. The imperfective verb is treated as a participial category and is analysed syntactically as a complex dp projection, which combines in one functional structure a nominalized verb and an extended dp projection. The syntax of negation in standard arabic and moroccan arabic is treated in the third chapter. In standard arabic, the clause structure of a negative sentence contains two tense categories, t1 and t2. T2 is functionally related to neg, and t1 is lexically related to v. Neg in standard arabic selects a null tense which has no morphological content. In moroccan arabic, neg selects a morphological tense, and the tense category in the negative sentence is lexically related to the verb
Ntwari, Gérard. "Le rôle des morphotonèmes dans l'identification des modes en Kinyarwanda." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24439/24439.pdf.
Full textLee, Sung-Young. "La syntaxe des pronoms clitiques des langues romanes : comparaison de deux approches." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081031.
Full textROGER-YUN, Soyoung. "Les expressions nominales à classificateurs et les propositions à cas multiples du coréen : recherches sur leur syntaxe interne et mise en évidence de quelques convergences structurales." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002834.
Full textLasfer-Kedad, Sandra. "Étude syntaxique des Wh-questions en vue de leur traduction automatique de l’anglais vers l’arabe." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040011.
Full textFirstly, this research aims to outline a syntactic study of the wh-questions, and analyse aspects of wh-question formation in typologically two different languages: Arabic and English within the framework of Generative Grammar and Minimalist Approach. It will be shown and argued that in both languages, the wh-phrase, which is in initial position, is moved to [Spec, CP] and that wh-movement applies overtly.Secondly, the thesis attempts to discuss and analyse the translation of English wh-questions into Arabic by three machine translation systems using different methods of translation through different methods of evaluation. We describe a set of important problems related to linguistic differences between the two languages. These problems have great influence not only on the quality of the output but also on its acceptability. The evaluation of the output will help us to present a diagnostic information about where a given system succeeds or needs improvement, relative to its intended users and use based on the syntactic study of wh-questions, to provide a comparative information which allows identifying the best system with respect to the translation quality and performance, to specify through the analysis of the results of evaluation the sources of problems that are responsible for producing ill-formed translations and inadequate systems’ performance and finally to outline some recommendations that are useful for system’s designers and developers to overcome various linguistic and operational problems that might impede the translation process
Olivier, Marcelle. "Les prépositions orphelines en français : effacement ou absence de complément?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24183/24183.pdf.
Full textNotsu, Hiroshi. "La Structure symétrique et la composition eurythmique de deux comédies d'Aristophane : "Les Acharniens" et "Les Oiseaux"." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO2006.
Full textMellin, Timothy. "L'acquisition du "scrambling" d'objets chez les apprenants de l'allemand langue seconde." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25040/25040.pdf.
Full textComprend un résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr.: f. 90-93. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.