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1

Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H., Caio C. D. Corrêa, and Art Borkent. "FAMILY CORETHRELLIDAE." Zootaxa 4122, no. 1 (2016): 178–81. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.18.

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Amaral, André P., Rodolfo Mariano, and Luiz Carlos Pinho. "Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies." European Journal of Taxonomy 874 (June 14, 2023): 1–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135.

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Family Corethrellidae has a worldwide distribution with most known extant species occurring in the Neotropics, many with only the adult stages described. Despite previous efforts, one remaining problem in the taxonomy of Corethrellidae is the challenge of delimiting species due to the current range of morphological characters included in descriptions to date. This paper discusses additional morphological evidence to distinguish species and their phylogenetic relationships. Together with fresh samples collected in Bahia, the only state in the Northeast Region with records of corethrellids, and slide-mounted specimens from other regions, five new species are described: Corethrella pindorama sp. nov., C. patasho sp. nov., C. fuscifimbria sp. nov. and C. unifasciata sp. nov. based on female adults; and C. bifida sp. nov. based on male and female adults, and larval and pupal exuviae. We also provide complementary descriptions comprising the novel characters for 33 previously described species, including the immature stages of nine. Fifteen species are newly recorded for Bahia and the Northeast Region, of which two are new records for Brazil. Additionally, we provide remarks about the biology of species, an updated list of species recorded in Brazil and an updated taxonomic key of New World species, modified from Borkent (2008).
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Ambrozio‐Assis, André, Benedito Cortês Lopes, André P. Amaral, Luiz C. Pinho, Edwin T. H. M. Peeters, and Selvino Neckel‐Oliveira. "Preferences for anuran calls in hematophagous corethrellids (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from Southern Brazil." Austral Entomology 58, no. 3 (2018): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12376.

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GIL-AZEVEDO, LEONARDO H., CAIO C. D. CORRÊA, and ART BORKENT. "FAMILY CORETHRELLIDAE." Zootaxa 4122, no. 1 (2016): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.18.

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5

Borkent, A., and R. Szadziewski. "The first records of fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 22, no. 4 (1991): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631291x00255.

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AbstractThe first fossil Corethrellidae, represented by two male adult Corethrella, are described. One, C. prisca sp. n., is from Saxonian amber collected in East Germany and is of Miocene age (22 Ma). The other, C. nudistyla sp. n., is from Dominican Republic amber and is 15-40 million years old. The family Corethrellidae, because of its phylogenetic position, is presumably of at least Jurassic age. The fossils are typical members of the genus Corethrella and belong to a clade which is the sister group of a single species in New Zealand.
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Borkent, Art. "World catalog of extant and fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera)." Zootaxa 3796, no. 3 (2014): 453–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.3.3.

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Borkent, Art, and Ulmar Grafe. "The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo—From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)." Zootaxa 3279 (December 31, 2012): 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.210864.

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Amaral, André P., and Luiz Carlos Pinho. "New species and records of frog-biting midges from southern Brazil (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Zootaxa 3946, no. 2 (2015): 274–84. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.2.9.

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Amaral, André P., Rodolfo Mariano, and Luiz Carlos Pinho. "Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera Corethrellidae)." Zootaxa 4706, no. 1 (2019): 103–20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4706.1.4.

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Amaral, André P., Mariano, Rodolfo, Pinho, Luiz Carlos (2019): Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103-120, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.1.4
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Amaral, André P., Orestes C. Bello-González, and Luiz Carlos Pinho. "Corethrella stenostyla sp. n., a new frog-biting midge (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from Cuba." Zootaxa 5060, no. 4 (2021): 595–98. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.9.

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Amaral, André P., Bello-González, Orestes C., Pinho, Luiz Carlos (2021): Corethrella stenostyla sp. n., a new frog-biting midge (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from Cuba. Zootaxa 5060 (4): 595-598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.9
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11

Dorff, Nathan, Art Borkent, Gregory Curler, and R. Isaí Madriz. "A new species of hyporheic Corethrella Coquillett from North America (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Journal of Natural History 56, no. 13-16 (2022): 1007–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868.

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Dorff, Nathan, Borkent, Art, Curler, Gregory, Madriz, R. Isaí (2022): A new species of hyporheic Corethrella Coquillett from North America (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Journal of Natural History 56 (13-16): 1007-1028, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868
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Borkent, Art. "A world catalogue of fossil and extant Corethrellidae and Chaoboridae (Diptera), with a listing of references to keys, bionomic information and descriptions of each known life stage." Insect Systematics & Evolution 24, no. 1 (1993): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631293x00019.

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AbstractBorkent, A.: A world catalogue of fossil and extant Corethrellidae and Chaoboridae (Diptera), with a listing of references to keys, bionomic information and descriptions of each known life stage. Ent. scand. 24: 1-24. Copenhagen, Denmark. April 1993. ISSN 0013-8711. A world list of species of fossil and extant Corethrellidae and Chaoboridae provides a catalogue of all valid names and their synonyms, original author, type-locality, type status and depository, distribution and the citation of authors who give the latest descriptions of the male adult, female adult, pupal, larval and egg stage. References to the most recent keys, descriptions, and bionomic information for each genus are also listed. A synopsis is given of the current state of systematic progress in each family. Nomenclatorial problems are also discussed. Sayomyia lanei Belkin, Heinemann & Page is a new junior synonym of Chaoborus braziliensis (Theobald), and Chaoborus annulatus Cook is recognized as a new junior synonym of C. festivus Dyar & Shannon. Corethrella kerrvillensis (Stone), Corethrella manaosensis (Lane & Cerqueira), and Chaoborus boliviensis (Lane & Heredia) are recognized as new combinations.
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Amaral, André P., Rodolfo Mariano, and Luiz Carlos Pinho. "Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies." European Journal of Taxonomy 874, no. 1 (2023): 1–120. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135.

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Amaral, André P., Mariano, Rodolfo, Pinho, Luiz Carlos (2023): Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. European Journal of Taxonomy 874 (1): 1-120, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135, URL: http://zoobank.org/62c858fa-a538-4e0f-b0a1-624e0062f931
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Almeida, Jessica Feijó, Amanda Maria Picelli, Adriane Costa Ramires, et al. "Description of three new species of frog biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from the Central Brazilian Amazon." European Journal of Taxonomy 778 (November 23, 2021): 148–66. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.778.1577.

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Almeida, Jessica Feijó, Picelli, Amanda Maria, Ramires, Adriane Costa, Belchior, Heliana Christy Matos, Marialva, Eric Fabrício, Lima, Hannah Inêz Monteiro Moreira, Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia María, Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa (2021): Description of three new species of frog biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from the Central Brazilian Amazon. European Journal of Taxonomy 778: 148-166, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.778.1577
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15

Zhang, Xiao, Zehui Kang, Shuangmei Ding, et al. "Mitochondrial Genomes Provide Insights into the Phylogeny of Culicomorpha (Insecta: Diptera)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030747.

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Culicomorpha is a monophyletic group containing most bloodsucking lower dipterans, including many important vectors of pathogens. However, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships within Culicomorpha are largely unresolved, with multiple competing hypotheses based on molecular sequence data. Here we sequenced four nearly complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes representing four culicomorph families, and combined these new data with published mt genomes to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of all eight extant culicomorph families. We estimated phylogenies using four datasets and three methods. We also used four-cluster likelihood mapping to study potential incongruent topologies supported by the different datasets and phylogenetic questions generated by the previous studies. The results showed that a clade containing Ceratopogonidae, Thaumaleidae and Simuliidae was the sister group to all other Culicomorpha; in another clade, the Dixidae was basal to the remaining four families; Chaoboridae, Corethrellidae and Culicidae formed a monophyletic group and the Chironomidae was the sister group to this clade; Culicidae and Corethrellidae were sister groups in all trees. Our study provides novel mt genome data in Culicomorpha for three new family representatives, and the resulting mt phylogenomic analysis helps to resolve the phylogeny and taxonomy of Culicomorpha.
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BORKENT, ART. "The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera)." Zootaxa 1804, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1804.1.1.

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This worldwide biosystematic study of Corethrellidae, with its single genus Corethrella Coquillett, provides a complete compilation of all that is known for the group, both taxonomically and bionomically. Descriptions of each species are based primarily on the adults, summarize all bionomic information, and provide a map showing its distribution. Keys to the species of each region are provided. A total of 97 extant species is recognized, with 52 of these being new. Seven fossil species are described with two of these being new to science. All species, including 13 new synonyms, are cataloged in a table for easy reference. Seven extant species are of uncertain status because of damaged or missing types. Lectotypes and, depending on the species, some paralectotypes, are designated for the following species: C. inepta (Annandale), C. pallitarsis Edwards, C. picticollis Edwards, C. ananacola Dyar, C. calathicola Edwards, and C. brakeleyi (Coquillett). A cladistic analysis interprets most extant and fossil species (some are not interpretable at the present time) and provides the basis for zoogeographic and bionomic interpretation. Worldwide, Corethrella species are found between 50°N and 50°S but most are found between 30°N and 30°S and below 1500 meters in elevation. Because female adults are attracted to the call of male frogs and feed on their blood, species are restricted to areas where there are frogs. Phylogenetic patterns suggest Gondwanan connections for earlier lineages within the genus. At least one lineage has dispersed from the New World to southeast Asia and some species are located on volcanic islands in the Caribbean, indicating further instances of dispersal. It is certain that many more species are yet to be discovered. Phylogenetic patterns indicate that the immatures of Corethrella species have repeatedly moved between ground-dwelling habitats and phytotelmata, with the plesiotypic habitat likely being ground-dwelling. Some lineages have diversified within phytotelmata. Fossil, cladistic and morphological evidence indicates that Corethrella females have been feeding on calling frogs since at least the Early Cretaceous. Females likely hear their frog hosts using the Johnston’s Organ. There is some evidence of host specificity as well as selection of particular biting sites for some species of Corethrella. The females of at least some species of Corethrella transmit Trypanosoma Gruby between calling frogs and this association is also likely an ancient one.Este estudio biosistemático de Corethrellidae a nivel Mundial, con su único género Corethrella, proporciona una completa recopilación de todo lo conocido para el grupo, tanto desde el punto de vista taxonómico como bionómico. Las descripciones de cada especie se realizan primariamente sobre la base de adultos, resumen toda la información bionómica y proveen un mapa donde se muestra su distribución. Se brindan claves para especie de cada región. Se reconoce un total de 97 especies, 52 de las cuales son nuevas. Se describen siete especies fósiles, siendo dos de ellas nuevas para la Ciencia. Para una fácil referencia, todas las especies son catalogadas en una tabla, incluyendo 13 nuevos sinónimos. Debido a que sus tipos se hallan dañados o perdidos, siete especies actuales ostentan un status incierto. De acuerdo a la especie, son designados lectotipos o paralectotipos de las siguientes especies: C. inepta (Annandale), C. pallitarsis Edwards, C. picticollis Edwards, C. ananacola Dyar, C. calathicola Edwards, y C. brakeleyi (Coquillett). El análisis cladístico interpreta la mayoría de las especies actuales y fósiles (algunas no pueden ser interpretadas actualmente) y provee la base para interpretaciones zoogeográficas y bionómicas. Las especies de Corethrella se hallan entre 50°N y 50°S, aunque la mayoría se encuentran entre 30°N y 30°S y por debajo de 1500 metros de elevación. Debido a que las hembras adultas son atraídas por el llamado de ranas macho y se alimentan de su sangre, las especies están restringidas a las áreas donde se hallan ranas. Los patrones filogenéticos sugieren conecciones Gondwánicas para los linajes más antiguos del género. Al menos un linaje se ha dispersado desde el Nuevo Mundo hacia el sudeste de Asia, y algunas especies se hallan en islas volcánicas del Caribe, indicando otras instancias de dispersión. Con seguridad aún quedan muchas más especies por ser descubiertas. Los patrones filogenéticos indican que los inmaduros de las especies de Corethrella se han movido repetidamente entre habitats ubicados a nivel del suelo y fitotelmata, siendo probablemente
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AMARAL, ANDRÉ P., RODOLFO MARIANO, and LUIZ CARLOS PINHO. "Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Zootaxa 4706, no. 1 (2019): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4706.1.4.

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Four new species of Corethrella are described from Brazil. Corethrella xokleng sp. n. and C. cambirela sp. n. are described from males and females, and Corethrella yanomami sp. n. and C. munteantaroku sp. n. are described from a female and male, respectively. Fourteen Corethrella species have new distributional records, with five of these being first records for Brazil. The number of valid species of Corethrellidae known from Brazil is increased from 37 to 46.
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Miyagi, Ichiro, Takao Okazawa, Takako Toma, Yukiko Higa, and Moi Ung Leh. "Culicidae and Corethrellidae (Diptera) collected in Sarawak, Malaysia from 2005 to 2008." Sarawak Museum Journal LXVI, no. 87 (2009): 313–31. https://doi.org/10.61507/smj22-2009-343l-11.

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Mosquitoes and hairy biting midges (Diptera: Culicidae and Corethrellidae) were collected in Sarawak, Malaysia during our research programme from 2005 to 2008. The collection yielded 56 species of mosquitoes and one species of hairy biting midges. Topomyia nepenthicola Miyagi and Toma, 2007 and Topomyia lehcharlesi Miyagi and Toma 2008 were earlier described as new to science. This paper presents the dipteran species list collected in locations in Sarawak with biological notes of specific interests.
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MIYAGI, Ichiro, Takako TOMA, and Yukiko HIGA. ""Chisuikeyosoika" (hairy biting midges) : A new Japanese name for Corethrellidae (Insecta: Diptera)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 59, no. 4 (2008): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.59.337.

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BORKENT, ART. "World catalog of extant and fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera)." Zootaxa 3796, no. 3 (2014): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.3.3.

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Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen, and Ximena E. Bernal. "A new species of frog-biting midge from Papua New Guinea with a key to the described Corethrellidae of the Australopapuan region (Diptera, Corethrellidae, Corethrella)." ZooKeys 795 (November 5, 2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.28543.

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CorethrellaoppositophilaKvifte & Bernal,sp. n.is described based on one male and six female specimens collected at 2200 m a.s.l. on Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. The species is the fourth species of frog-biting midge described from this country and appears similar toCorethrellasolomonisBelkin based on pigmentation of legs and abdominal tergites. It differs fromC.solomonis, however, in the shape of female flagellomeres I–III, and in the thorax which has a dark brown vertical stripe. The new species is named for its sexually dimorphic flagellomeres, which are short and squat in the female and elongate in the male. These differences in morphological characters are discussed in light of the likely sexual differences in functional uses of the antennae, as males use them for mating only whereas females use them both for mating and prey location. An emended key is presented to the described Australopapuan species of Corethrellidae.
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Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen, and Ximena E. Bernal. "A new species of frog-biting midge from Papua New Guinea with a key to the described Corethrellidae of the Australopapuan region (Diptera, Corethrellidae, Corethrella)." ZooKeys 795 (November 5, 2018): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.28543.

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Corethrella oppositophila Kvifte & Bernal, sp. n. is described based on one male and six female specimens collected at 2200 m a.s.l. on Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. The species is the fourth species of frog-biting midge described from this country and appears similar to Corethrella solomonis Belkin based on pigmentation of legs and abdominal tergites. It differs from C. solomonis, however, in the shape of female flagellomeres I–III, and in the thorax which has a dark brown vertical stripe. The new species is named for its sexually dimorphic flagellomeres, which are short and squat in the female and elongate in the male. These differences in morphological characters are discussed in light of the likely sexual differences in functional uses of the antennae, as males use them for mating only whereas females use them both for mating and prey location. An emended key is presented to the described Australopapuan species of Corethrellidae.
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Barton, Stephan, Jonas Virgo, and Harald W. Krenn. "The Mouthparts of Female Blood-Feeding Frog-Biting Midges (Corethrellidae, Diptera)." Insects 14, no. 5 (2023): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050461.

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Females of frog-biting midges (Corethrellidae) obtain their blood meals from male calling frogs. While the morphology of the feeding apparatus is well studied in hematophagous Diptera that impact humans, frog-biting midges have received far less attention. We provide a detailed micromorphological examination of the piercing blood-sucking proboscis and maxillary palpus in three Corethrella species using scanning electron microscopy and histological semi-thin sectioning. We also compare the sensilla found on the proboscis tip and the palpus of Corethrella with other piercing blood-sucking Diptera. Corethrella spp. have a proboscis length of about 135 µm, equipped with delicate mandibular piercing structures composing the food canal together with the labrum and hypopharynx. Their proboscis composition is plesiomorphic and more similar to other short-proboscid hematophagous Culicomorpha (e.g., Simuliidae), in contrast to the phylogenetically more closely related long-proboscid Culicidae. As in other short-proboscid taxa, the salivary canal in Corethrella spp. transitions into an open salivary groove with one mandible forming a seal, whereas in Culicidae the salivary canal is closed until the tip of the proboscis. We discuss the possible functional constraints of very short, piercing blood-sucking proboscises (e.g., dimensions of host blood cells) that may limit the size of the food canal.
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de Silva, Priyanka, Cesar Jaramillo, and Ximena E. Bernal. "Feeding Site Selection by Frog-Biting Midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) on Anuran Hosts." Journal of Insect Behavior 27, no. 3 (2013): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10905-013-9428-y.

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AMARAL, ANDRÉ P., ORESTES C. BELLO-GONZÁLEZ, and LUIZ CARLOS PINHO. "Corethrella stenostyla sp. n., a new frog-biting midge (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from Cuba." Zootaxa 5060, no. 4 (2021): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.4.9.

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BORKENT, ART, and T. ULMAR GRAFE. "The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo—From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)." Zootaxa 3279, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3279.1.1.

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The Corethrella Coquillett of Borneo are described and interpreted, based primarily on material from Brunei Darussalamand a few locations in the Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah. The eleven species include three previously named(one newly discovered in Borneo) and eight newly named species. The following new species are attributed to Borkent& Grafe: C. lutea, C. tigrina, C. gilva, C. nanoantennalis, C. mitra and C. bipigmenta. Two new species, C. bicincta andC. unizona are attributed to Borkent, Grafe & Miyagi.Of the eleven Bornean species, 10 are recorded from Brunei Darussalam and eight of these are also known from atleast Sarawak. This distribution of species as well as comparison of species collected directly from calling frogs withthose collected with frog-call traps (some with modified sound) indicate that diversity is not as high as in CentralAmerica (the only other tropical area intensely sampled). Surveys of aquatic habitats show that Corethrella are absentfrom phytotelmata (water bodies held by plants) in Borneo, other than C. calathicola Edwards which is present in somespecies of Nepenthes and a species most closely related to a relatively derived group of Neotropical species occupyingtreeholes (C. calathicola likely dispersed from the Neotropical Region). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, other thanC. calathicola, species are members of an early lineage called the drakensbergensis species group (n = 6), is the sistergroup of a large assemblage of Old and New World species (n = 1) or cannot be placed phylogenetically (probably because of lack of immatures and males) (n = 3).Corethrella Coquillett dari Borneo dideskripsikan dan ditafsirkan berdasarkan sampel-sampel yang diperolehi dariBrunei Darussalam dan beberapa lokasi di Malaysia iaitu Sarawak dan Sabah. Sebelas spesies termasuk tiga spesies yangtelah dinamakan sebelumnya (satu spesies baru saja ditemui di Borneo) dan lapan spesies yang baru dinamakan. Spesiesbaru berikut merujuk kepada Borkent & Grafe: C. lutea, C. tigrina, C. gilva, C. nanoantennalis, C. mitra dan C.bipigmenta. Sementara itu terdapat dua agi spesies baru iaitu C. bicincta dan C. unizona yang merujuk kepada Borkent,Grafe & Miyagi.Daripada sebelas spesies Corethrella yang didokumenkan di Borneo, 10 daripadanya direkodkan dari BruneiDarussalam dan lapan daripada spesies ini juga diketahui kewujudannya sekurang-kurangnya di Sarawak. Taburanspesies ini serta perbandingan di antara spesies yang dikumpulkan secara langsung dari katak-katak yang berbunyidengan sampel-sampel yang dikumpulkan melalui perangkap yang telah dipasang dengan bunyi katak (beberapa denganbeberapa bunyi yang telah diubah suai) menunjukkan bahawa kepelbagaian spesies tidak setinggi yang terdapat diAmerika Tengah (iaitu satu-satunya kawasan tropika terperinci yang telah disampel secara mendalam). Penyiasatan keatas habitat-habitat akuatik menunjukkan bahawa spesies Corethrella tidak wujud di dalam ‘phytotelmata’ (badan airyang dipegang oleh tumbuh-tumbuhan) di Borneo, kecuali C. calathicola Edwards yang telah didapati di dalam beberapaspesies Nepenthes dan juga satu spesies Corethrella yang berkait rapat dengan kumpulan yang berasal dari spesiesNeotropika yang terdapat di dalam lubang di bahagian batang pokok (C. calathicola berkemungkinan berasal dariWilayah Neotropika). Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahawa, selain daripada C. calathicola, spesies Corethrella iniadalah ahli dari keturunan awal yang dikenali sebagai kumpulan spesies drakensbergensis (n = 6), adalah himpunankelompok spesies yang terbesar di Dunia Lama dan Baru (n = 1) atau tidak dapat diletakkan secara filogenetik (berkemungkinan disebabkan oleh kekurangan sampel yang tidak matang dan sampel jantan) (n = 3).
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Borkent, Art, and Sturgis McKeever. "First instar larvae of Corethrella appendiculata Grabham have a prothoracic proleg (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 21, no. 2 (1990): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631290x00166.

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AbstractThe first instar larva of Corethrella appendiculata has a prothoracic proleg. This character state was previously considered to be the primary synapomorphy of the Chironomoidea and as such, draws into question the monophyly of that group.
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Blosser, E. M., N. Nishimura, and L. P. Lounibos. "Testing Developmental Plasticity in Aquatic Larvae of Corethrella appendiculata (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 106, no. 6 (2013): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/an13075.

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Förster, Maria, Rolf G. Beutel, and Katharina Schneeberg. "Catching prey with the antennae – The larval head of Corethrella appendiculata (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Arthropod Structure & Development 45, no. 6 (2016): 594–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2016.09.003.

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30

Baranov, Viktor, Gunnar M. Kvifte, Patrick Müller, and Ximena E. Bernal. "A new species of fossil Corethrella (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber." Cretaceous Research 101 (September 2019): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.05.002.

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31

Borkent, Art, Christopher J. Borkent, and Bradley J. Sinclair. "The male genital tract of Chaoboridae (Diptera: Culicomorpha)." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 6 (2008): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n08-048.

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AbstractThe male genital tract of Chaoboridae, represented by Eucorethra underwoodi Underwood, Mochlonyx velutinus (Ruthe), and Chaoborus trivittatus (Loew), is described for the first time. All genera have paired accessory glands that are attached anteriorly to the vasa deferentia or the base of the testes, a feature that is proposed as a synapomorphy of Chaoboridae + Culicidae. Mochlonyx Loew and Chaoborus Lichenstein have distinctive pigment cells covering their testes and a portion of the vasa deferentia. The simplified male genital tract of Corethrellidae + Chaoboridae + Culicidae is correlated with the virtually unique abrupt and permanent 180° rotation of the male genitalia between segments 7 and 8. In taxa with an accessory-gland complex, the male genitalia are rotated in a more gradual manner, often during copulation.
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SZADZIEWSKI, RYSZARD, and ELŻBIETA SONTAG. "First male of Corethrella andersoni Poinar & Szadziewski, 2007 (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber." Palaeoentomology 1, no. 1 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.1.1.6.

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The family Corethrellidae, called frog-biting midges, with the single genus Corethrella Coquillett, 1902, is a small group of dipterans including 107 extant species (Borkent, 2017). Females of most species are haematophagous and feed on males of frogs and toads locating them by their calls (Borkent, 2008). Extant frog-biting midges have a pantropical distribution, absent in Europe, north Africa, middle and northern Asia (Giłka & Szadziewski, 2009). The genus during its phylogenetic history dated back to Lower Cretaceous (125–129 Ma) had a broader geographical distribution, and during Eocene was present in Europe. Till now nine fossil species have been described from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (1), mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (1), Eocene Baltic amber (5) and Miocene Dominican amber (2) (a complete annotated list is provided below).
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Dorff, Nathan, Art Borkent, Gregory Curler, and R. Isaí Madriz. "A new species of hyporheic Corethrella Coquillett from North America (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Journal of Natural History 56, no. 13-16 (2022): 1007–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2090868.

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34

da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues, and Crasso Paulo Bosco Breviglieri. "Not only a listener: female frog-biting midges (Corethrellidae) also distinguish the shape of frogs." Journal of Tropical Ecology 37, no. 3 (2021): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000286.

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AbstractIt is well known that female adults of frog-biting midges (Corethrellidae) are attracted by anuran mating calls. However, the role of host-emitted cues other than mating calls in determining the level of attraction remains poorly understood. Here, we performed field playback experiments to test how the host-seeking behaviour of Corethrella Coquillett is influenced by different sound stimuli: mating call of a tree frog, cricket call, and no sound. Then, after long-distance host detection, we evaluated if Corethrella can distinguish landing sites by using at short distance the colour and/or shape of anurans. For that, we placed artificial models of frogs with different colours (light green and dark brown) and an artificial caterpillar model (light green colour) on the top of speakers. We found that only frog mating calls presented with the visual cue of an artificial frog were attacked by Corethrella, suggesting that frog shape, regardless of colour, is an important cue for the identification of its hosts. This is the first study providing evidence that after flying long distances guided by frog calls, Corethrella can identify their hosts using visual cues at short distances.
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Grafe, T. Ulmar, Hamsiah Binti Mohd Saat, Nicole Hagen, Benjamin Kaluza, Zaeidi Bin Hj Berudin, and Mohd Amren Bin Abdul Wahab. "Acoustic localisation of frog hosts by blood-sucking flies Corethrella Coquillet (Diptera: Corethrellidae) in Borneo." Australian Journal of Entomology 47, no. 4 (2008): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2008.00667.x.

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AMARAL, ANDRÉ P., and LUIZ CARLOS PINHO. "New species and records of frog-biting midges from southern Brazil (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Zootaxa 3946, no. 2 (2015): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.2.9.

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Silva, Priyanka De, and Ximena E. Bernal. "First Report of the Mating Behavior of a Species of Frog-Biting Midge (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Florida Entomologist 96, no. 4 (2013): 1522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.096.0434.

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38

Mckeever, Sturgis, and Frank E. French. "Corethrella (Diptera: Corethrellidae) of North America North of Mexico: Distribution and Morphology of Immature Stages." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 84, no. 5 (1991): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/84.5.522.

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39

Feijó Almeida, Jessica, Amanda Maria Picelli, Adriane Costa Ramires, et al. "Description of three new species of frog–biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from the Central Brazilian Amazon." European Journal of Taxonomy 778 (November 23, 2021): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.778.1577.

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Three species of Corethrella Coquillett, 1902 from the state of Amazonas, Brazil are described as new to science based on female adult specimens. Corethrella cabocla Feijó, Belchior, Marialva & Pessoa sp. nov. possesses four large setae on the frons between the ventromedial area of ommatidia, a wide clypeus with 1–4 setae, a wing with the apex of R2 basal to the apex of M2 and with a midlength band, and with the abdomen entirely dark brown. Corethrella ielemdei Feijó, Ramires, Lima & Pessoa sp. nov. possesses an elongated coronal suture, four large setae on the frons between the ventromedial area of ommatidia, a clypeus squarish with 42–43 setae, a wing with the apex of R2 basal to the apex of M1 and with a midlength band and dark scales on the basal and subbasal areas of the anterior margin, legs with dark scales, and with the abdomen entirely dark brown. Corethrella menini Feijó, Picelli, Ríos-Velásquez & Pessoa sp. nov. possesses wings with the apex of R2 basal to the apex of M2 and a midlength band, with darker basal scales along all veins, basal band dark scales on C, Sc, R, M, and Cu and the abdomen entirely dark brown. With the addition of the new species, the numbers of frog-biting midges described in the Amazon basin, Brazil and in Neotropical region are now 31, 49 and 80 species, respectively.
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40

Geisler, Eduardo F., André P. Amaral, Leonardo L. F. Campos, Luiz C. Pinho, and Selvino Neckel-Oliveira. "Pan Traps as an efficient and low cost method for sampling Corethrella Coquillet, 1902 (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Entomological Communications 4 (October 18, 2022): ec04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec04035.

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The genus Corethrella Coquillet, 1902 are known as a group of nocturnal frog-biting-midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) which locate their frog-hosts through the sound emitted by their conspicuous calls. The classical method to capture these midges consists in using modified Center Disease Control (CDC) traps in which speakers emitting frog calls replace the light bulb. However, the high cost, volume and weight of CDC traps hampers several studies in remote areas and in countries with low research investments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the capture rate of the classic modified CDC trap with a new trap recently developed, here referred as PTM. We conducted an experiment at flooded areas in the vicinity of a lake in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil in which we arranged PTM and modified CDC traps emitting frog calls of two species commonly found in the area, Physalaemus nanus (Boulenger, 1888) and P. cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826. In a total of 34,5h sampling hours per trap (one trial per night for five days), the PTM traps captured over 20 times more individuals than modified CDC traps (n= 1594; n=72, respectively) and the same number of species (3). Those results demonstrate that the PTM method had a higher capture rate, are more practical and has a lower cost than modified CDC traps. We suggest further studies to investigate which aspects could explain the differences between capture rates among PTM, BG sentinel, bottle and CDC modified methods.
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41

McKeever, Sturgis, and Frank E. French. "Corethrella (Diptera: Corethrellidae) of Eastern North America: Laboratory Life History and Field Responses to Anuran Calls." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 84, no. 5 (1991): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/84.5.493.

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42

LEGETT, HENRY D., VIKTOR A. BARANOV, and XIMENA E. BERNAL. "Seasonal variation in abundance and diversity of eavesdropping frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) in a neotropical rainforest." Ecological Entomology 43, no. 2 (2017): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12492.

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43

Grafe, T. U., H. H. Ahmad Sah, N. Ahmad, A. Borkent, I. Meuche, and O. Konopik. "Studying the sensory ecology of frog-biting midges (Corethrellidae: Diptera) and their frog hosts using ecological interaction networks." Journal of Zoology 307, no. 1 (2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12612.

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44

Legett, Henry D., Ikkyu Aihara, and Ximena E. Bernal. "Within host acoustic signal preference of frog‐biting mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) on Iriomote Island, Japan." Entomological Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ens.12455.

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45

Higa, Y., Y. Tsuda, I. Miyagi, and T. Toma. "6 Familiy Chaoboridae and Corethrellidae collected in Japan(Contributed Papers,Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of Eastern Region)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 57, no. 2 (2006): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.57.157_4.

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46

COLLESS, D. H. "Two New Species of Corethrella Coquillet From Australia, with Further Observations on Morphological Variation within the Genus (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Australian Journal of Entomology 33, no. 2 (1994): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1994.tb00930.x.

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47

BARANOV, VIKTOR A., GUNNAR M. KVIFTE, and EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY. "Two new species of fossilCorethrellaCoquillett from Late Eocene Rovno amber, with a species-level phylogeny for the family based on morphological traits (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Systematic Entomology 41, no. 3 (2016): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.12172.

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48

Sinclair, Bradley J., Robert J. Pivar, and Paul H. Arnaud. "World Catalogue of the family Thaumaleidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha)." Zootaxa 5225, no. 1 (2022): 1–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5225.1.1.

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Sinclair, Bradley J., Pivar, Robert J., Arnaud, Paul H. (2022): World Catalogue of the family Thaumaleidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha). Zootaxa 5225 (1): 1-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5225.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5225.1.1
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Toma, Takako, Tomio Takara, Ichiro Miyagi, Kyoko Futami, and Yukiko Higa. "Mosquitoes and frog-biting midges (Diptera: Culicidae and Corethrellidae) attracted to traps with natural frog calls and synthesized sounds at Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Medical Entomology and Zoology 70, no. 4 (2019): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.221.

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Caldart, Vinícius Matheus, Maurício Beux dos Santos, Samanta Iop, Luiz Carlos Pinho, and Sonia Zanini Cechin. "Hematophagous Flies Attracted to Frog Calls in a Preserved Seasonal Forest of the Austral Neotropics, with a Description of a New Species of Corethrella (Diptera: Corethrellidae)." Zoological Science 33, no. 5 (2016): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zs150173.

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