To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Corn – Diseases and pests – Uganda.
Journal articles on the topic 'Corn – Diseases and pests – Uganda'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Corn – Diseases and pests – Uganda.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dhena, Emanuel Randy, and Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu. "INVENTARISASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI HAMA DAN PENYAKIT UTAMA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)." AGRICA 4, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v4i2.461.
Full textAbstract:
This research was carried out in order to understand the main types of pests and diseases that affect corn, which types are most dominant and to understand the severity of these main diseases in corn. Observation of variables involved the identification of pests and diseases that attacked corn plants, the diversity of these pests and diseases as well as the intensity of the damage caused by these pests and diseases. The results of this research showed that the main type of pest and disease that attacks corn are, among others: seedling flies (Atherigonasp), grasshoppers (Oxyasp), corn stalk drillers (Ostrineafurnacalis) and leaf rust. The most dominant type of pest or disease were grasshoppers (Oxyasp) which attacked plant leaves. The seriousness of an attack by a pest or disease was found to be important in the seedling phase, there are many variations in between species of corn and also developed with the age of the corn. At 12 days after planting, the incidence of insect attack was0.2% and at 33 days and 54 days after planting it was 0.32-0.47%. Whereas for disease, when observed at 33 and 54 days after planting, the average incidence of disease attack was 0.05-0.23%. Also, when observed at 61 days and 75 days, the incidence of attack rose to 0.32-40%.
2
Sulindawaty, Muhammad Zarlis, Zakarias Situmorang, and Hengki Tamando Sihotang. "Expert System Diagnosis Corn Pests And Diseases Using Certainty Factor Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1230 (July 2019): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1230/1/012063.
Full text
3
Sumaryanti, Lilik, Teddy Istanto, and Selfina Pare. "Rule Based Method in Expert System for Detection Pests and Diseases of Corn." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1569 (July 2020): 022023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/2/022023.
Full text
4
Acema, Dan. "Assessment of Mango Pests, Diseases and Orchard Management Practices in West Nile Zone of Uganda." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 5, no. 3 (2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20160503.15.
Full text
5
Adur-Okello, Stella E., Simon Alibu, Jimmy Lamo, Moses Ekobu, and Michael H. Otim. "Farmers’ Knowledge and Management of Rice Diseases in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 12 (November 15, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n12p221.
Full textAbstract:
Rice in the recent past has picked up as a food security and income generating crop among farming households in Uganda. Even though, the crop is playing a significant role in reducing food insecurity and poverty within the country, its productivity has remained constant and low at about 1.5 metric tonnes per hectare. Using cross-sectional data collected from rice farmers in Northern (Lira, Dokolo, Otuke and Alebtong Districts); Eastern (Iganga, Bugiri and Kamuli Districts) and Central (Kayunga District) regions of the country, this paper establishes farmers’ knowledge and management of rice diseases from a total of 224 farmers, as a baseline for research initiatives focusing on improving rice productivity within the country. Farmers ranked diseases as the second most important constraint in rice production, after insect pests. Moreover, farmers ranked rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) as the most important disease in rice production, followed by leaf blast (LB), brown spot (BS), sheath rot (ShR), panicle blast (PB) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB). However, 60% of farmers identified RYMV while less than 30% could clearly diagnose the symptoms of each of the other diseases. Surprisingly, only about 18% of farmers employed management options against RYMV, whereas less than 6% practiced some form of management for each of the other major diseases. The predominant disease control measure was uprooting diseased plants followed by insecticide application. About 10% of farmers reported sedges (Cyperus spp.), goat weed (Ageratum conyzoides), black jack (Bidens pilosa), and cut grass (Leersia spp.) as alternative host plants for rice diseases. An integrated disease management approach, whose development and implementation recognizes farmers as the key players in the rice production chain, is required to achieve improved and sustainable rice productivity.
6
Krut, M. "Innovations on scientific support of grain crop breeding for resistance to diseases and pests." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 66 (December 24, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2020.66.137-145.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. Database formation of innovations in the scientific provision of breeding crops for resistance to pathogens and pests — grounds for creating sustainable varieties.
Methods. Analysis of innovative development of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and other institutions of the Scientific and Methodological Center «Protection of Plants» for 2001—2020. Isolation of those relating to the problem of grain crops’ resistance to pests and pathogens.
Results. Methods of selection of wheat and barley for resistance to basic pathogens of diseases and methodology for assessing the stability of winter wheat stability to pests to create complex resistant varieties are developed. A database for the resistance of corn hybrids against main pests was created. Methods of determining the stability of grain crops to high and low temperatures are developed. A collection of samples of wild relative of wheat Aegilops biuncialis L. that are sources of new genes for plant resistance to diseases and pests was created. Genes of resistance of soft winter wheat to diseases by DNA markers have been identified. A set of varieties of winter wheat with group and complex resistance to diseases and pests has been formed. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of soybean resistance to pathogens of diseases are established. Collection of soybean lines is created on the basis of complex resistance to white rot and anthracnosis. The varieties and selection numbers of spring barley, oats, resistant to basic diseases, as well as rice varieties that are resistant to pathogens of diseases and pests were identified. Resistance to viral diseases has been found in barley plants.
Conclusions. The established innovations can be widely used by breeding centers and other scientific institutions of the agrarian profile when of output sustainable grain and leguminous grain crops. In this case, the timing of the selection process can be accelerated by 40—60%.
7
Whalen, Joann K., Shiv O. Prasher, and Hicham Benslim. "Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps06023.
Full textAbstract:
The conversion to no-tillage (NT) may seem risky to some producers who rely on tillage to control weeds, some insect pests and disease-causing pathogens that can reduce crop yield. Weeds, arthropods, and disease incidence were monitored in silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agroecosystems with CT and newly established NT plots in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. During the first 2 establishment years, there were more annual grass and fewer annual broadleaf weeds in NT than in CT plots, but the surface area covered by weeds (broadleaf,grasses and perennials) was greater in CT than NT plots. Foliar arthropods were more numerous in soybean than corn plots in both years, but were unaffected by tillage. There were more ground-dwelling generalist predators, especially Coleoptera and Carabidae, in CT than NT plots, while spiders and harvestmen (Araneae and Opiliones) were dominant in NT plots. Crop damage from insect pests and diseases was below economic thresholds, but 5 yr of yield monitoring (2000–2004) revealed a trend of greater silage corn and soybean yields in CT than NT plots. The reduction in crop yield after establishing NT practices at this site was probably due to rooting constraints from inadequate seedbed preparation in the NT system, rather than from weed competition, insect damage or crop diseases. Key words: Arthropods, crop disease, silage corn, soybean, tillage, weed control
8
Wacal, Cosmas, Daniel Basalirwa, Walter Okello-Anyanga, Marius Flarian Murongo, Caroline Namirembe, and Richard Malingumu. "Analysis of sesame seed production and export trends; challenges and strategies towards increasing production in Uganda." OCL 28 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020073.
Full textAbstract:
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most ancient oilseed crops cultivated for its edible oil and uses in food. Sesame seeds are very nutritious and confer health benefits. However, its potential production in Uganda has not been fully realized. The objective of this review was to summarize the trends in sesame production, export quantity, export value, challenges, and strategies for sustainable sesame seed production in Uganda. The review revealed the sesame seed production and area harvested generally increased from 1996 to 2007 but significantly decreased between 2008 and 2018. The review also revealed that while the export quantities and values were low, they gradually increased from 2009 to 2016. The decreased production between 2008 and 2016 could have been due to challenges such as pests and diseases, loss of soil fertility, prolonged drought, poor agronomic practices, poor yielding varieties, and lack of access to credit. Therefore, it is recommended to improve breeding programs and soil management practices; strengthen agricultural credits and extension services to support marketing of sesame seeds; and improve agronomic practices and farmer knowledge on improved techniques such as sowing methods, plant spacing, intercropping practices, pests and disease control measures. These could boost sesame production in Uganda given the high domestic and global demand for sesame seeds and provide an opportunity to expand sesame production throughout Uganda. Research should focus on how to increase seed yield on farmers’ fields and bridge the yield gap between researchers and farmers while adopting good agronomic practices.
9
Kawooya, Ronald. "Accomplishments of Tea Research in Uganda in the Year 2019." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.1.214.
Full textAbstract:
Tea is Uganda’s third most important export earner and oscillates between coffee and fish. The current production in the country is 59,000 tonnes of made tea per year, earning 104 million United States Dollars to the Uganda’s economy. Despite its importance to Uganda, the tea sector is faced with a number of constraints that include rising production costs, age of tea bushes, high overhead costs, poor agronomic agricultural practices, pests and diseases, low genetic potential, poor seed system, low labour productivity,and climate change. Since the collapse of Tea Research Institute of East Africa, tea research in Uganda has been dormant for three decades, due to limitations in tea experts, finance, and infrastructure. This review paper highlights the current tea research accomplishments made with the help of government of Uganda Agricultural Technology and Agribusiness Advisory Service (ATAAS) funding. These endeavors include: a) Genetic structure of tea diversity in Uganda has been determined, b) Characterization of tea clones with desirable attributes initiated, c) Soil nutrient up take of tea clones has been determined, d) Screening tea clones for resistance to Xylaria and Armillaria diseases and e) Tea dissemination material accomplished. This paper further spells out the future perspective and strategic intervention of tea research in Uganda.
10
Liu, Sijun, Thomas W. Sappington, Brad S. Coates, and Bryony C. Bonning. "Nudivirus Sequences Identified from the Southern and Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Viruses 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020269.
Full textAbstract:
Analysis of pooled genomic short read sequence data revealed the presence of nudivirus-derived sequences from U.S. populations of both southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A near complete nudivirus genome sequence was assembled from sequence data for an SCR population with relatively high viral titers. A total of 147,179 bp was assembled from five contigs that collectively encode 109 putative open reading frames (ORFs) including 20 nudivirus core genes. In contrast, genome sequence recovery was incomplete for a second nudivirus from WCR, although sequences derived from this virus were present in three geographically dispersed populations. Only 48,989 bp were assembled with 48 putative ORFs including 13 core genes, representing about 20% of a typical nudivirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both corn rootworm nudiviruses grouped with the third known nudivirus of beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in the genus Alphanudivirus. On the basis of phylogenetic and additional analyses, we propose further taxonomic separation of nudiviruses within Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus into two subfamilies and five genera. Identification of nudivirus-derived sequences from two species of corn rootworm highlights the diversity of viruses associated with these agricultural insect pests.
11
Airlangga, Primaadi, Anton Muhibuddin, M. Mirza Sulthoni, and Aries Budi Wicaksana. "Implementing Backward Chaining Method in Expert System to Detect and Treat Rice, Chilli, and Corn Plant’s Pests and Diseases." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering 2, no. 02 (September 29, 2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.2.02.21-25.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is an agrarian country which most of it’s citizens are farmer. There are various kind of decent plants to grow in Indonesia but most of them plant rice, corn, wheat, and sago as staple food. There other plants that is consumed not as main food but as subsidiaries, one of them are chilli pepper. Abundant variety of vegetation in Indonesia means that there are also many type of pests and diseases. An agriculture expert is needed to identify plant’s diseases and pest correctly. Meanwhile, the number of agriculture experts is insufficient to help massive amount of farmer whom have trouble in agriculture. This problem can be solved by using Expert System where farmers can detect the problem on their plants and finding treatment to cure their plants correctly them self. This research is mean to develop an Expert System Application in agriculture to identify diseases and pests based on their symptoms especially rice, chilli, and corn plants. This Expert System is based on web program using Backward Chaining Inversion which is deemed necessary to solve the case study’s problem. Responsive Web Based System can be accessed by user or client from many devices especially their smart phoneto hel diagnose disease that occurs to their plant, more over, to solve the low rate of expert on agriculture.
12
Muhibuddin, Anton, Primaadi Airlangga, M. Mirza Sulthoni, and Aries Budi Wicaksana. "Implementing Backward Chaining Method in Expert System to Detect and Treat Rice, Chilli, and Corn Plant’s Pests and Diseases." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering 2, no. 02 (September 29, 2018): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.2.02.71-75.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is an agrarian country which most of it’s citizens are farmer. There are various kind of decent plants to grow in Indonesia but most of them plant rice, corn, wheat, and sago as staple food. There other plants that is consumed not as main food but as subsidiaries, one of them are chilli pepper. Abundant variety of vegetation in Indonesia means that there are also many type of pests and diseases. An agriculture expert is needed to identify plant’s diseases and pest correctly. Meanwhile, the number of agriculture experts is insufficient to help massive amount of farmer whom have trouble in agriculture. This problem can be solved by using Expert System where farmers can detect the problem on their plants and finding treatment to cure their plants correctly them self. This research is mean to develop an Expert System Application in agriculture to identify diseases and pests based on their symptoms especially rice, chilli, and corn plants. This Expert System is based on web program using Backward Chaining Inversion which is deemed necessary to solve the case study’s problem. Responsive Web Based System can be accessed by user or client from many devices especially their smart phone help diagnose disease that occurs to their plant, more over, to solve the low rate of expert on agriculture.
13
Windasari, Lily, Meitini Wahyuni Proborini, and Made Ria Defiani. "BIOKONTROL ENDOMIKORIZA TERHADAP JAMUR Curvularia sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)." SIMBIOSIS 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsimbiosis.2019.v07.i02.p03.
Full textAbstract:
In Indonesia, production of corn are used for fodder (55%), food (30%), and seed (15%). The growth of corn plants is limited by the presence of pests, weeds, and plant diseases. Curvularia sp. causing leaf spot and could decrease corn production. Use of mycorrhiza can be used as a biological agent in preventing pathogens outbreaks. Isolates of Curvularia sp. fungal was sprayed on corn seed. This research was conducted in laboratorium and green house. Corn seedlings were grown on sterile soil media (control), mycorrhizal treatments (100g of mycorrhizal + Curvularia sp., 200g of mycorrhizal + Curvularia sp., 300g of mycorrhizal + Curvularia sp.) and Curvularia sp. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, rate of disease progression, fresh weight and dry weight of plant canopy. The results showed that application of 100g inoculum tend to increase plant growth to 26-27% and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization to 58,66% thereof can decrease pathogen infection on plant at 28 day after planting.
14
Nie, C. R., S. M. Luo, C. X. Lin, R. S. Zeng, J. H. Huang, and J. W. Wang. "Status of DIMBOA and phenolic acids in transgenic Bt corn." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04321.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted to investigate the status of DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and phenolic acids in leaves of some transgenic Bt corn hybrids. Comparison between Bt corn hybrids and their corresponding non-transgenic near-isogenic lines suggested that the introduction of the Bt gene has adverse effects on the biosynthesis and accumulation of DIMBOA and some phenolic acids, such as ferulic acid, in the corn plants. Under conditions of either water or nitrogen stress, the accumulation of DIMBOA in the leaves of the Bt corns could be enhanced. The results of this study suggest that caution must be taken when considering the introduction of Bt corns into China because Bt corns may have a weaker capacity, relative to traditional Chinese corn hybrids, to synthesise DIMBOA and some forms of phenolic acids in the leaves and, therefore, reduce the plant’s resistance to pathogens, diseases, and pests other than the targetted corn borer.
15
Elsen, Annemie, Ben Goossens, Barbara Belpaire, Annemie Neyens, Paul Speijer, and Dirk De Waele. "Recolonisation by nematodes of hot water treated cooking banana planting material in Uganda." Nematology 6, no. 2 (2004): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541041217997.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In East Africa, the cooking bananas (Musa spp., AAA group, subgroup Matoke) are the major food crop. Yields are decreasing due to increasing damage caused by a complex of pests and diseases, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Planting of infected material is the principle means of dispersal for these nematodes. An option to control the nematodes in planting material is hot water treatment but the benefits depend on the rate of recolonisation. Therefore, on-farm trials were carried out at five localities representing Musa production systems in Uganda. Hot water treatment of planting material slowed down build-up of Radpholus similis at least until 30 months after planting. This was not only the case for the treated mother plants but also for the suckers that developed from these mother plants. A similar trend was observed for Helicotylenchus multicinctus. Hot water treatment also slowed down the build-up of Pratylenchus goodeyi but this effect was less pronounced.
16
Usman, Usman, and Veneranda Rini Hapsari. "PENDAMPINGAN & PELATIHAN BERWIRAUSAHA IBU-IBU PETANI JAGUNG." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Khatulistiwa 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpmk.v3i1.626.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The problem faced by corn farmers is that the quality of corn prices is not in accordance with the market price because they do not drain well so that prices in the market have fallen considerably. The role of corn is very important and beneficial for human and animal life. And it is the second staple food after rice. While in the world corn ranks third after wheat and rice. The advantage of corn itself is that the harvest time is faster and very resistant to pests and diseases and higher production. (Ermanita, 2004). Indonesia is a tropical climate and fertile soil and as a country known as an agrarian nation, Indonesia is a country known for its rich biodiversity which is a mainstay in the fields of food, industry and energy. As an industrial material corn can be processed into processed oils, corn flour, sugar and others. The method used in this service is a method of training and teaching that is discussion, teaching method, participants of the training are housewives in the Farmer Business group. They are given material about how to make cakes so that they can be of selling value., Using the method (Discussion Method) Trainees are given the opportunity to discuss issues related to corn, using the interview method. The trainees were given the opportunity to be interviewed how much influence the training on baking for them in developing themselves.Keywords: ASSISTANCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP,TRAINING FOR CORN FARMERS
17
Margaretha, Margaretha, and Syuryawati Syuryawati. "Penerapan Teknologi Produksi Jagung Melalui Pendekatan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Pada Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v1n1.2017.p53-63.
Full textAbstract:
Corn production technology development through the approach of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) has been implemented in the village Mandalle, District Mandalle, Pangkep, South Sulawesi from 2005 to 2008. In 2009 in daearah development conducted research to determine the level of corn production technology application in paddy field rainfed and socio-economic impact on local communities, particularly farmers who are engaged in research and development. The results showed that of the nine components of the technology are socialized at the farm level, only fertilizers and spacing have not been applied in real time, medium varieties, land preparation, drainage, water supply, weeding, eradication of pests / diseases and the use of tools sheller real effect until very real. In the review of the farmer's perception of the nine components of the product technology of corn, seven of them rated good. Land use after the rice harvest with corn still applied to farmers with a profit of Rp 3,045,354 / ha of hybrid varieties BISI and Rp 4,555,283 / ha of open pollinated varieties Lamuru, thereby increasing farmers' income from 31.0 to 46.7%. In addition to economic benefits, planting corn after harvest of rice in the rainfed areas can also reduce unemployment and urbanization, the formation of social and economic institutions such as land rental services, equipment rental services pipil, partnerships and corn growers group.
18
Gu, Yili, Zhiqiang Li, Zhen Zhang, Jun Li, and Liqing Chen. "Path Tracking Control of Field Information-Collecting Robot Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030797.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the narrow row spacing of corn, the lack of light in the field caused by the blocking of branches, leaves and weeds in the middle and late stages of corn growth, it is generally difficult for machinery to move between rows and also impossible to observe the corn growth in real time. To solve the problem, a robot for corn interlines information collection thus is designed. First, the mathematical model of the robot is established using the designed control system. Second, an improved convolutional neural network model is proposed for training and learning, and the driving path is fitted by detecting and identifying corn rhizomes. Next, a multi-body dynamics simulation software, RecurDyn/track, is used to establish a dynamic model of the robot movement in soft soil conditions, and a control system is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK for joint simulation experiments. Simulation results show that the method for controlling a sliding-mode variable structure can achieve better control results. Finally, experiments on the ground and in a simulated field environment show that the robot for field information collection based on the method developed runs stably and shows little deviation. The robot can be well applied for field plant protection, the control of corn diseases and insect pests, and the realization of human–machine separation.
19
Tumuhimbise, Robooni, Alex Barekye, Jerome Kubiriba, Kenneth Akankwasa, Ivan K. Arinaitwe, Deborah Karamura, and Wilberforce K. Tushemereirwe. "New High-yield Cooking Banana Cultivars with Multiple Resistances to Pests and Diseases (‘NAROBan1’, ‘NAROBan2’, ‘NAROBan3’, and ‘NAROBan4’) Released in Uganda." HortScience 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13207-18.
Full text
20
Kolisnyk, O. M., V. P. Onopriienko, I. M. Onopriienko, N. M. Kandyba, L. M. Khomenko, T. O. Kyrychenko, D. S. Tymchuk, N. F. Tymchuk, and N. O. Terokhina. "Study of correlations between yield inheritance and resistance of corn self-pollinating lines and hybrids to pathogens." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_35.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the gradation grouping of corn hybrids showed that among the self-pollinating lines of the working collection 28.0% had a high crop, 50.0% had an average yield and 22.0% had a low yield. At the same time 10.5% of simple hybrids belonged to the group with high crop, 54.6% – to that with an average one and 34.9% – to low yielders. The fact that these 10.5% of hybrid combinations with the yields higher than 5.5 t ha-1 contain hybrid combinations with complex resistance to diseases and pests, which were created on the basis of our self-pollinating donor lines resistant to entomo– and phytopathogens, confirms the principles we formulated as to selecting parental pairs. The most uniform distribution was recorded as to damaging by the European corn borer, a high resistance to which is characteristic of 42.0% of self-pollinating lines and 29.1% of simple hybrids.
21
Borzykh, А., and M. Krut. "Database of investment and innovative developments on grain crop protection in Ukraine." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 65 (December 20, 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2019.65.3-16.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. To perform innovative developments for the protection of grain crops in Ukraine and on this basis to generate the investment and innovation database.
Methods. Analysis of innovation developments of Institute of Plant Protection of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and other institutions of Scientific and Methodological Center “Plant Protection” during 2001—2018. Distinguishing of these, which are connected with grain crop protection from pests, diseases and weeds. Grouping of innovations on grain crop protection due to different fields.
Results. Created investment and innovation database for the protection of grain crops in Ukraine consists of 155 scientific developments, which are grouped in the following areas: forecasting of phytosanitary condition of crops; providing scientific breeding of crops for resistance to pests and diseases; biological method of plant protection; advanced environmentally friendly technologies to protect crops against harmful organisms; chemical method of plant protection; plant quarantine. The effect of the transfer of innovation may be as follows: net profit from 3367—7950 till 12644,5 UAH per 1 ha (under irrigation), profitability — from 84.1 to 131—152%.
Conclusions. The result of the transfer of the created innovation is the effective protection of major crops (wheat, rye, barley, peas, buckwheat, millet, corn, soybeans) from pests in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine and with all this obtaining a significant part of additional production of improved quality and increased profitability. This will be the basis for the successful solution of a number of problems of strengthening of grain farming and agricultural sector and the economy as a whole.
22
Lubadde, G., P. Tongoona, J. Derera, and J. Sibiya. "Production Determinants of the Pearl Millet Cropping System in Uganda and Implications to Productivity." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 7 (June 8, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p97.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Pearl millet is an important crop for people living in semi-arid areas in Uganda but not much is known about its production environment. A survey was conducted in eastern and northern regions of Uganda to characterise the pearl millet cropping system and to identify the most important production determinants. Using questionnaires, data was collected from 160 households through face-to-face interviews with the respondents. Results showed that pearl millet was mainly grown for food and source of income. The production environment was low input as farmers planted unimproved genotypes, used no artificial chemicals or manure, and had minimal access to financial credit and agricultural trainings or extension services. Planting was done in the second rains with no optimal use of important resources like family labour and seed due to seed broadcasting. Farmers desired genotypes with traits such as; stay green, being tall, high tillering, high yield, early maturity and being ergot resistant. The most important constraints were ergot and rust diseases susceptibility, low yield, low tillering, late maturity, sterile panicles, rodents, moulds/rotting and insect pests; while lack of market, low prices and price fluctuation were the important market constraints. Results further showed that farmers lacked knowledge about the common diseases like rust and ergot. The area planted, spouse age and years of pearl millet cultivation were the important factors enhancing production while age of household head, amount of seed planted and distance to the market negatively affected grain yield.</p>
23
Vitanza, Salvador, Celeste Welty, Mark Bennett, Sally Miller, and Richard Derksen. "(27) Effect of Plant Stand Density and Pesticide Application Technology on Insect Pests and Diseases of Bell Peppers." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1075B—1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1075b.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of pesticide application technology and crop stand density on bell pepper production was evaluated in a series of field trials, during 2004 and 2005, at the North Central Agricultural Research Station, Fremont, Ohio. In 2004, one trial tested three sprayers, at a speed of 8 and 4 mph, using insecticides at half the recommended rate and one treatment at full rate. Sprayers evaluated included an air-assisted electrostatic sprayer, a Cagle sprayer equipped with AI-11005 or AI-110025 nozzles, and an air-blast sprayer with XR-1003-VS or XR-110015-VS nozzles. In 2005, one experiment tested the interaction of two application technologies, three planting distances within row, and single vs. twin rows. Another experiment compared the Cagle sprayer (with TJ60-11003 or AI-110025 nozzles) and the airblast sprayer (with XR-110015-VS nozzles), at a speed of 4 mph, and insecticides at half the recommended rate. In 2004, the Cagle sprayer with air-induction nozzle, half rate, at 8 mph obtained the highest fruit yield. There was not significant improvement in European corn borer control by applying insecticides at full rate with the Cagle sprayer and all treatments achieved significantly better bacterial soft rot control than the untreated control. In 2005, the trials were terminated early due to crop destruction by Phytophthora capsici. Red fruit weighed less at high than at medium or low plant stand densities. Clean yield of red fruit was significantly greater in single rows than in twin rows. Marketable yield of green fruit was greater using the TJ60-11003 than using the AI-110025 nozzles.
24
Kagoda, Frank, Daniel B. Kwemoi, Lawrence Owere, Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula, and Godfrey Asea. "Development and Release of Two Mid-Late Maturing Maize Hybrids for the Highland Agro-Ecologies of Uganda." Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 7, no. 3 (April 14, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/pbg.007.03.2974.
Full textAbstract:
The maize yield in the highland areas of Uganda (1500 to 3000 masl), rarely exceeding 2 t ha-1. The use of unimproved maize genotypes, the prevalence of pests and diseases, and low levels of input use has tremendously contributed to the low grain yields. Accordingly, we obtained 100 maize inbred lines majorly from CIMMYT in the year 2013. The inbred lines were evaluated for adaptability and those selected were intercrossed to generate 80 single cross hybrids by January 2015. The 80 single cross hybrids were evaluated in preliminary yield trials in three sites namely, Kachwekano, Kalengyere and Buginyanya in 2015a season. The best combiners were crossed with the selected males to obtain 122 three-way cross hybrids. These were evaluated for adaptability in advanced yield trials in 2016a in Kachwekano, Kalengyere and Bukwo, from where the best five hybrids (BH33, BH31, BH27, BH104 and BH38) were selected for National Performance Trials (NPT) in 2016b and 2017a seasons in Bukwo, Buginyanya, Zombo, Fort portal and Kalengere. Two candidate varieties namely BH31 and BH33 exhibited good agronomic qualities such as earlier maturity, tolerance to MLN and other diseases. The selected hybrids yielded 8.2 t ha-1 and 7.2 t ha-1 for BH31 and BH33, respectively. The two varieties are appropriate for cultivation in major highland and transitional maize growing regions in Uganda and were subsequently released as NAROMAIZE 731 and NAROMAIZE 733, respectively. The newly released varieties are expected to reduce the highland maize cropping season from over six months to five months.
25
Ddamulira, G., O. Isaac, M. Kiryowa, R. Akullo, M. Ajero, M. Logoose, A. Otim, et al. "Practices and constraints of tomato production among smallholder farmers in Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 02 (March 24, 2021): 17560–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.97.19905.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato(Solanum esculentum)is one of the most promising vegetables whose production is being intensified in Uganda. However, tomato yields remain low due to several constraints. The study aimed at identifying production and marketing practices, and constraints affecting tomato productivity in major tomato growing areas of Uganda. A survey was conducted in eight major tomato producing districts using a questionnaire to guide interviews for 240 farmers and 16 key informants. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results revealed that tomato production in Uganda is dominated by males who grow them on 0.68 acres of land on average. Mosttomatofarmers (78.4%) use mono cropping system with varietiesAsilla F1 (35.3%), Tengeru97(21.1%), Rambo (18.1%), NovelaF1(17.7%) and Riogrande (10.3%) dominating. The choice of tomato varieties used by farmers mainly depend on yield potential, pest and disease tolerance and market preference attributes such as long shelf life. In the study area, tomato is mainly fertilized using foliar fertilizers, followed by Diammonium phosphate and cattle manure. The key pests affecting tomato include caterpillars, thrips, worms and whitefly, while bacterial wilt, blight, leaf spots and viral infections are the major diseases. Majority (95.7%) of farmers use chemical sprays(pesticides and fungicides)and 4.3% of farmers used other control methods. The other methods of pest and disease control included rogueing, hand picking, ash, organic extracts, urine and frequent weeding. Average tomato yield was 4,846.3 kg/acre lower than the potential yield of 6000kg/acre. Thirty five percent of farmers market their tomato individually on-farm, 32.8% sell in rural markets, while 32.2% send to the nearest urban markets. The study revealed intensive chemical use accounting for 20% of the production costs, high seed costs (11%) and drought (10%) as the major production constraints impeding tomato production; and price fluctuations, low prices, high transport costs, post-harvest loss on farm, and poor market access as the major marketing constraints. The research findings will aid in the development of new market-oriented, highly productive tomato varieties with improved access to seed and designing initiatives to address production and marketing constraints, which will eventually enhance tomato production.
26
Ssali, Reuben T., Godfrey Sseruwu, Bernard Yada, Gorrettie Ssemakula, Charles Wasonga, Wolfgang J. Grüneberg, Raul Eyzaguirre, Jan W. Low, and Robert O. M. Mwanga. "Efficiency of the Polycross and Controlled Hybridization Methods in Sweetpotato Breeding in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 17 (October 15, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p123.
Full textAbstract:
Sweetpotato is an important crop in many parts of the world especially in developing countries. It is used for both human consumption as well as livestock feed. It is an important source of carbohydrates, vitamin C, fibre, iron, potassium, protein and β-carotene. Its production is, however, constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors, including pests and diseases, low soil fertility, drought, cold and salinity. Breeding is one of the ways to overcome some of these constraints and in sweetpotato the polycross or controlled cross methods can be used. To determine which of the two methods was more efficient, genotypes generated by both methods were evaluated over two seasons at Namulonge and Kachwekano. The type of cross (polycross or controlled) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different for storage root yield, response to sweetpotato virus disease, Alternaria blight, and harvest index (HI). The controlled cross families had a significantly higher mean HI of 43.2% than the polycross families with a mean HI of 31.8%. Therefore, controlled crosses could be deployed to systematically increase the HI in sweetpotato breeding populations. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed among families for all traits. This stresses that the parents used in a cross are very important in generating genotypes with desired attributes. It was apparent that both the polycross and controlled crosses are good methods for generating new sweetpotato genotypes in a sweetpotato breeding program. Where aggregate performance was considered (selection index) the controlled crosses method produced more (75% of the top 20 desirable genotypes) than the polycross method across the two sites. However, the best three genotypes over the two sites were from the polycross family of Ejumula. Therefore, sweetpotato controlled crosses could be very useful for population improvement using recurrent selection while polycrosses could be suitable for variety development. Both hybridization methods require cautious selection of parents to match the breeding objectives.
27
Hasanah, Nurul, Kusmiyati Kusmiyati, and Dwiwanti Sulistyowati. "Empowerment of Farmer Group Members through The Application of Sweet Potato Cultivation Intercropping with Sweet Corn Plants in Cibeber District, Cianjur Regency, West Java." Jurnal Penyuluhan Pertanian 15, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51852/-.v15i1.431.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet potato plants are generally planted monoculture by farmers, so that the cultivation activities in one season only focus on one commodity and no other mixed commodities. The possibility that occurs when implementing a monoculture cropping system is a failure to harvest or small production results if the plant is attacked by pests or diseases, also less optimal use of the land used. One effort to overcome this problem is the intercropping system. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of empowerment of farmer group members through the application of sweet potato cultivation intercropping with sweet corn plants, analyzing the influential factors and strategies to increase the empowerment of farmer group members through the adoption of sweet potato cultivation intercropping with sweet corn plants. The population of this study was 145 people and 61 samples were taken. Data analysis methods used are descriptive statistical analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and Kendall's W. analysis. The results of the study show that the level of empowerment of farmer group members in the three research object villages is in the high category of 38 people or (62.30%) of the total overall respondent. The factors that influence the empowerment of farmer group members through the implementation of intercropping are external factors in extension activities. The strategy to increase the empowerment of farmer group members through the implementation of intercropping by carrying out counseling containing material about intercropping and sweet potato cultivation systems.
28
Bezusov, Anatolii, Valentyna Krutiakova, Olena Myroshnichenko, Nataliia Dotsenko, and Tetiana Nikitchina. "Technology of production of biopesticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (June 25, 2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-03.
Full textAbstract:
Subject of research. Biopesticides are based on live cultures of specially selected beneficial microorganisms with controlled properties. They have a pronounced phytoprotective and stimulating effect, thus providing effective prevention and protection of plants from diseases. The obtained biological product increases productivity, improves the quality and structure of the crop, does not accumulate in plants, which allows to obtain environmentally friendly agricultural products and does not harm the environment. Among the large number of bacteria, as a source of microbiological insecticide is Bacillus thuringiensis, which infects lepidopteran pests and leads to their death. Preparations based on this strain are effective when used in low concentrations of solutions. The Bacillus thuringiensis strain produces several toxins with insecticidal action, including β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin. Toxic effect is manifested and leads to paralysis of the intestinal tract of parasites. Preparations β-exotoxin and δ-endotoxin are obtained by culturing Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria in a liquid medium. The scientific work proposes a method of industrial production using by-products of vegetable raw materials, which makes it economically feasible to use such substrates. The purpose of the study is the development of technology, formulation of nutrient medium, process parameters for the cultivation of bacteria of the genus Bacillus thuringiensis and obtaining a culture fluid containing substances of the class of biopesticides. Methods. Standard and generally accepted methods of research of bioproducts in biotechnology. The formation of bioinsecticides was established by hydrolysis methods, followed by determination of the component of β-exotoxin – ribose, the formation of octagonal crystals of exotoxin – by microscopic method. Research results. Three variants of nutrient media, which include yeast-polysaccharide complex: corn flour, corn oil, yeast autolysate were developed. The parameters of the bacterial cultivation process were studied. The final product is a paste or powder with a titer of 35 .109 spores in 1 g of the bioproduct. Scope of research results. Microbiological preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis are highly specific and act only on insect larvae from the classes Lepidoptera and Diptera. The resulting biopesticide can be used against pests of a wide range of vegetable and fruit crops.
29
Liu, Yu, Xiaoping Wang, and Jiaxin Qian. "Crop distribution extraction based on Sentinel data." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202081.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing identification and classification of crops is the use of remote sensing for estimating crop planting area of timely and accurate monitoring of crop growth and plant diseases and insect pests in advance to make the product output to estimate the key and premise of the study using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite, by random forest algorithm, the traditional optical wavelengths and vegetation index The backward scattering field of red edge information and radar information in feature selection and feature classification, including winter wheat summer corn orchard woodland town water and bare land set three controls, such as the first group contains radar time characteristics, the characteristics of the second control group contains red edge long, the third group includes traditional vegetation index for phase characteristics, analyzed the different classification accuracy. The results from the confusion matrix show that the red edge band edge after index and the radar scattering information to join the crop classification accuracy is improved effectively. Sentinel optical and radar satellites with a time resolution of 5–6 days have great potential for crop monitoring research.
30
Kagezi, Godfrey H., P. Kucel, J. Kobusinge, L. L. Nakibuule, F. Akwatulira, and I. Perfecto. "Characterising the Coffee-Banana Agroforestry Systems: an Entry Point for Promoting Coffee and Banana Growing in mid-Northern Uganda." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v18i2.5.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted in the mid-Northern Ugandan districts of Nwoya, Gulu, Lira, Apach and Oyam to characterise the coffee-banana agroforestry systems. Thirty fields with coffee-banana agroforestry systems were selected and the level of field and crop management determined. Additionally, five coffee and banana plants were randomly selected and assessed for pests and diseases. All fields had Robusta coffee type whereas cooking bananas were the dominant clone (45%). Field management was limited. More than 80% of the fields had no bands, trenches or cover-crops. Most of the fields were lowly weeded (46.7%) and mulched (60%). Intercropping was low with 20% having maize or cassava. Similarly, most fields were lowly inter-planted with trees (40%) with only 28 tree/shrub species and dominated by fruit trees; namely oranges (70%), mangoes (63.3%) and pawpaw (56.7%) of the total number of tree species observed in the systems. Generally, 40% of coffee fields had not been de-suckered, pruned or changed cycle. However, at least 35% of the coffee fields were highly pruned and their cycle changed. For bananas, more than 70% of the fields were not de-suckered, propped or their corms removed, but 63% of them had been de-leafed and de-budded at a low to moderate level. Leaf skeletonisers and coffee leaf rust were the most observed pest (77.3%) and disease (15.3%) respectively. Pest damage was limited in bananas, though black Sigatoka was the commonest disease observed (56%). It is concluded that the region has embraced the systems but there is need for farmers to be provided with the right species of coffee, banana and trees.Keywords: Agroforestry-systems, cooking-bananas, Robusta-coffee.
31
Farias-Larios, J., and A. Michel-Rosales. "Sustainable Production of Honeydew and Muskmelon in Western Mexico." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 495d—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.495d.
Full textAbstract:
In Western Mexico, melon production depends on high-input systems to maximize yield and product quality. Tillage, plasticulture, fumigation with methyl bromide, and fertigation, are the principal management practices in these systems. However, at present several problems has been found: pests as sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), aphids (Myzus and Aphis), leafminer (Liryomiza sativae); diseases as Fusarium, Verticilium, and Pseudoperenospora, and weeds demand high pesticide utilization and labor. There is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices, with an emphasis on reducing off-farm input labor and chemicals. Our research is based on use of organic mulches, such as: rice straw, mature maize leaves, banana leaves, sugarcane bagasse, coconut leaves, and living mulches with annual legume cover crop in melons with crop rotation, such as: Canavalia, Stilozobium, Crotalaria, and Clitoria species. Also, inoculations with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi for honeydew and cantaloupe melon seedlings production are been assayed in greenhouse conditions for a transplant system. The use of life barriers with sorghum, marigold, and other aromatic native plants in conjunction with a colored yellow systems traps for monitoring pests is being studied as well. While that the pest control is based in commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana for biological control. The first results of this research show that the Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae reached 38.5%, 33.5%, 27.0%, and 31.0% of root infection levels, respectively. Honeydew melons production with rice and corn straw mulches shows an beneficial effect with 113.30 and 111.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 compared with bare soil with 100.20 kg. The proposed system likely also lowers production cost and is applicable to small- and large-scale melon production.
32
Boykin, Sseruwagi, Alicai, Ateka, Mohammed, Stanton, Kayuki, et al. "Tree Lab: Portable genomics for Early Detection of Plant Viruses and Pests in Sub-Saharan Africa." Genes 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090632.
Full textAbstract:
In this case study we successfully teamed the PDQeX DNA purification technology developed by MicroGEM, New Zealand, with the MinION and MinIT mobile sequencing devices developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies to produce an effective point-of-need field diagnostic system. The PDQeX extracts DNA using a cocktail of thermophilic proteinases and cell wall-degrading enzymes, thermo-responsive extractor cartridges and a temperature control unit. This closed system delivers purified DNA with no cross-contamination. The MinIT is a newly released data processing unit that converts MinION raw signal output into nucleotide base called data locally in real-time, removing the need for high-specification computers and large file transfers from the field. All three devices are battery powered with an exceptionally small footprint that facilitates transport and setup. To evaluate and validate capability of the system for unbiased pathogen identification by real-time sequencing in a farmer’s field setting, we analysed samples collected from cassava plants grown by subsistence farmers in three sub-Sahara African countries (Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya). A range of viral pathogens, all with similar symptoms, greatly reduce yield or destroy cassava crops. Eight hundred (800) million people worldwide depend on cassava for food and yearly income, and viral diseases are a significant constraint to its production. Early pathogen detection at a molecular level has great potential to rescue crops within a single growing season by providing results that inform decisions on disease management, use of appropriate virus-resistant or replacement planting. This case study presented conditions of working in-field with limited or no access to mains power, laboratory infrastructure, Internet connectivity and highly variable ambient temperature. An additional challenge is that, generally, plant material contains inhibitors of downstream molecular processes making effective DNA purification critical. We successfully undertook real-time on-farm genome sequencing of samples collected from cassava plants on three farms, one in each country. Cassava mosaic begomoviruses were detected by sequencing leaf, stem, tuber and insect samples. The entire process, from arrival on farm to diagnosis, including sample collection, processing and provisional sequencing results was complete in under 3 h. The need for accurate, rapid and on-site diagnosis grows as globalized human activity accelerates. This technical breakthrough has applications that are relevant to human and animal health, environmental management and conservation.
33
Argüello Caro, E. B., A. D. Dumón, M. F. Mattio, V. Alemandri, and G. Truol. "A molecular framework for the identification of planthopper vectors (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) of central Argentina." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 6 (September 10, 2015): 754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000735.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPlanthoppers are important worldwide crop pests as well as vectors of numerous diseases. Different species transmit Mal de Río Cuarto virus, which causes the most economically important corn disease in central Argentina. Epidemiological studies rely on the accurate identification of the species present in the field. Presently, morphological identification of planthoppers requires taxonomic expertise and there are no taxonomic keys for females and nymphs. Nevertheless, no molecular protocols are available for accurate species identification of most frequent delphacid species from central Argentina. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) as a DNA barcode and its digestion with restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP) for the identification of the most common species of planthoppers in central Argentina. We amplified and sequenced a 843 bp fragment of the COI gene of taxonomically identified specimens and evaluated its use as a DNA barcode. Restriction enzymes were also selected for digesting the COI fragment via RFLP. The high interspecific variability (20.79%; ± 2.32%) and low intraspecific divergence (0.12%; ± 0.17%) observed in the studied species, demonstrate the effectiveness of the COI gene for species identification of major vector delphacids affecting corn crops in Argentina. Moreover, the digestion of this COI gene fragment with Bfa I and Apo I enzymes allows a fast and cost-effective species identification method when numerous specimens need to be processed. Both molecular techniques developed here, allow the accurate identification of planthopper species at regional scale. These new tools would assist traditional identification of these insects, especially for aiding non-experts in morphological taxonomy.
34
Wagiman, Rejo, and Yohanes Hendro Agus. "THE EFFECT OF PLANTING TIMES, USING STRAW MULCH, AND PLANTING REFUGIA AGAINSTGROWTH AND YIELD OF CORN (Zea mays L.) NK 6326 VARIETY, IT’S PESTS AND DISEASE PATHOGENS AND NATURAL ENEMIES." Agric 29, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2017.v29.i2.p147-157.
Full textAbstract:
Research on the effect of planting times, using straw, and planting refugia against growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) NK 6326variety, it’s pest and diasaes and natural enemies had been conducted in Tulung sub-district, Klaten district, Central Java province.The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of two different planting time based on “pranata mangsa” time (local wisdom) and farmer’s planting time which were combined with using straw and planting refugia against growth and yield of corn, it’s pest and diseases, it’s natural enemies population. This research used a Strip Plot Design with two main treatments with four additional treatments, and five replications. The main treatments were planting time based on farmer habit (A1) and planting time bades on “pranata mangsa” or ancient local wisdom (A2). Additional treatments included: using straw mulch and planting “refugia” (B1), using only straw mulch (B2), planting only “refugia” (B3), and without using straw mulch and without planting “refugia” (B4). The result of the experiment were analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence level. The result of this research showed that: (1) planting time based on farmer’s habit were higher than the planting time based on “pranata Mangsa” against plant height, wet weight of mass, dry weight of mass, weight of seded per cob, weight of seed per plot seed weight per hectare, and 1000 grains weight,(2) planting time based on farmer’s habit combined with using straw mulch and planting “refugia” were higer than planting time based on “pranata mangsa” combined with using straw mulch and palnting refugia against plant height, cob length, wet weight of mass, dry weigt of mass, total number of seed per ear, weight of seeds per cob, weight seeds per plot, weight of seed per hectare, and weight of 1000 grains, (3) planting refugia can increase the natural enemy population.
35
Muzamil, Muzamil. "01 ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN INPUT PRODUKSI PADA USAHATANI JAGUNG DI KEC. GERUNG KAB. LOMBOK BARAT." AGROTEKSOS: Agronomi Teknologi dan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 29, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v29i1.174.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui biaya dan pendapatan usahatani jagung di Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat; (2) Menganalisis tingkat Efisiensi penggunaan input produksi pada usahatani jagung di Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat; (3) Mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh petani dalam proses produksi usahatani jagung di Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penentuan daerah sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan dipilih 2 Kelurahan yaitu Kelurahan Gerung Utara dan Dasan Geres dengan pertimbangan masyarakat kedua kelurahan tersebut adalah yang paling aktif kelompok taninya. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan quota sampling sehingga dipilih 30 petani sebagai responden.
Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Pendapatan usahatani jagung di Kecamatan Gerung Kabupaten Lombok Barat per LLG (0,80 Ha) sebesar Rp. 7.652.663,94 atau Rp. 10.295.008,60 per Ha; (2) Penggunaan input produksi X1 (Luas Lahan), X2 (Benih), X3 (Pupuk Urea), X4 (Pupuk NPK), X5 (Pestisida) dan X6 (Tenaga Kerja) secara serempak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil produksi jagung di Kecamatan Gerung. Namun, secara parsial hanya variabel X1 (Luas Lahan) dan X2 (Benih), yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil produksi jagung. Tingkat efisiensi penggunaan input produksi X2 (Benih), X3 (Pupuk Urea) dan X6 (Tenga Kerja) tidak efisien sehingga perlu adanya pengurangan jumlah penggunaan masing-masing input produksi tersebut, sedangkan tingkat efisiensi penggunaan input produksi X1 (Luas Lahan), X4 (Pupuk NPK) dan X5 (Pestisida) belum efisien sehingga perlu adanya penambahan jumlah penggunaan input produksi lahan. Kendala terbesar yang dialami oleh petani jagung di Kecamatan Gerung adalah ketersediaan air dan penyakit tanaman. Kendala yang lain adalah ketersediaan pupuk, perubahan cuaca, hama, modal dan tenaga kerja.
ABSTRACT
The purposes of the study were: (1) Knowing the costs and income of corn farming in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency; (2) Analyzing the level of efficiency of the use of production inputs in corn farming in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency; (3) Knowing the constraints faced by farmers in the production process of corn farming in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency.This research uses a descriptive method. Determination of the sample area using purposive sampling and selected 2 Kelurahan, namely Gerung Utara and Dasan Geres villages with community considerations, both villages are the most active of their farmer groups. Determination of the number of samples using quota sampling so that 30 farmers were selected as respondents.The results of this study were (1) income of corn farming in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency per LLG (0.80 Ha) of Rp. 7,652,663.94 or Rp. 10,295,008,60 per Ha; (2) The use of production inputs X1 (Land Area), X2 (Seed), X3 (Urea Fertilizer), X4 (NPK Fertilizer), X5 (Pesticide) and X6 (Labor) simultaneously have a significant effect on the yield of corn in Gerung District. However, partially only variables X1 (Land Area) and X2 (Seed), which significantly affect the yield of corn. The level of efficiency in the use of production inputs X2 (Seed), X3 (Urea Fertilizer) and X6 (Work Tenga) is not efficient so there needs to be a reduction in the number of uses of each production input, while the level of efficiency in the use of production inputs X1 (Land Area), X4 (NPK Fertilizer and X5 (Pesticide) have not been efficient so there is a need to increase the amount of land use input. The biggest obstacle experienced by corn farmers in Gerung District is the availability of water and plant diseases. Another obstacle is the availability of fertilizer, weather changes, pests, capital and labor. Keywords: Farming, Production, Corn, Cost, Income and Efficiency.
36
Arrahman, Ayyub, and Muhammad Sudjak Saenong. "SPICES PLANT AS BIOINSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING MAIZE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOSTCH) Pemanfaatan Tanaman Rempah sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Penanggulangan Hama Kumbang Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch)." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 39, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n1.2020.p1-10.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Indonesia has numerous and varied natural resources of spices plant which grow at almost all theregions. These plants can grow and adapt to the slightly diverse agroecological conditions and agroecosystems, from dry to wet. In general, the utilization of these plants by the community is still limited as ingredients and spices for culinary and flavoring instead of the potential of bioactive compounds contained therein. These resourcesare very useful and effective utilized asbioinsecticides to eradicate plant pests and diseases, as well as medicine for human. This paper discussed the benefits and efficacy of several spiceplants, namely lemongrass, shallots, garlic, sweet and chili peppers, clove, sand ginger (kencur), and pepper as herbicides at various levels of dosage and treatments. This manuscript also discussed the constraints and development strategies, and aimed to provide information on the science and technology in controlling the Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) pests in corn kernels during the storage period. It is expected that this paper would be useful for the policy makers, academicians, researchers and practitioners who have the competence to deal with beetle pest problems.</p><p>Keywords: Spices, bioinsecticides, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch), controlling</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman rempah yang tumbuh di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia sangat beragam. Tanaman ini beradaptasi pada berbagai agroekologi dan agroekosistem, mulai dari wilayah beriklim kering sampai beriklim basah. Pemanfaatan tanaman ini oleh masyarakat umumnya masih terbatas sebagai bahan rempah dan bumbu kuliner, penyedap masakan dan cita rasa, padahal senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk membasmi hama penyakit tanaman dan bahan obat kesehatan manusia. Tulisan ini membahas manfaat dan kemanjuran dari beberapa tanaman rempah, yakni tanaman sereh, bawang merah, bawang putih, lombok merah, cengkeh, kencur, dan lada sebagai pestsisida nabati dalam berbagai dosis dan ragam perlakuan. Kendala dan strategi pengembangan pestisida nabati bagi penggulangan hama kumbang bubuk perlu mendapat perhatian yang tidak saja untuk kepentingan masyarakat luas, namun diperlukan sebagai informasi ilmu dan teknologi penanganan hama secara terpadu.</p><p>Kata kunci: tanaman rempah, bioinsektisida, hama kumbang bubuk, pengendalian</p>
37
Gao, Gary. "382 The Southwest Ohio Fruit and Vegetable School—A Successful Multi-county Program." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 458D—458. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.458d.
Full textAbstract:
Southwest Ohio Fruit and Vegetable School is a regional training program for both commercial growers and amateur gardeners. The program has been sponsored by four county Extension offices in Southwest Ohio and has attracted a total attendance of 571 since 1995. We have offered two concurrent sessions, one for commercial fruit and vegetable growers, and one for amateur gardeners. This combination has proven to be the key factor in the success of the program. Attendees are allowed to move between the commercial and amateur sessions. Many commercial growers brought their spouses along since there were good topics for both of them. Backyard gardeners benefitted from the commercial session since the information was very applicable to their situation. Commercial growers also receive their pesticide recertification credits. Some of the popular topics for the commercial session included: management of diseases, insects, and weeds of fruits and vegetables; production of fresh market tomatoes, green beans, peppers, sweet corn, and pumpkins; production of herbs and specialty crops; production of apples, raspberries, strawberries, and blueberries. Popular topics for the non-commercial session included: growing tree fruits and small fruits in home gardens; raised bed gardening; growing giant pumpkins; nuisance wildlife damage control; growing and using culinary herbs; beneficial insects; and managing garden pests without using conventional insecticides. The Southwest Ohio Fruit and Vegetable School has been a very successful training program and could serve as a good model for other county Extension educators.
38
Chapin, J. W., J. S. Thomas, and P. H. Joost. "Tillage and Chlorpyrifos Treatment Effects on Peanut Arthropods—An Incidence of Severe Burrower Bug Injury." Peanut Science 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-5.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted on the effects of tillage and soil insecticide (chlorpyrifos) treatment on peanut arthropod pests. A 3 by 2 split-plot experiment with five replications was subjected to factorial ANOVA. Main plot treatments consisted of three tillage systems: conventional moldboard plow, strip tillage into a killed wheat cover crop, and strip tillage into corn stubble residue. Subplot insecticide treatments were granular chlorpyrifos applied at early pegging (growth stage R2) and untreated. Populations of corn earworn, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and velevetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, were lower in strip tillage systems. Chlorpyrifos applications caused corn earworm outbreaks in all tillage systems, but these applications were more disruptive in strip tillage. Chlorpyrifos treatment also increased populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), but had no measurable effect on velvetbean caterpillar populations. Pod damage from lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), and wire-worms, Conoderus spp., was lower in strip tillage systems, and chlorpyrifos suppressed pod damage in all systems. Threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), damage to peanut was greater in the wheat residue strip tillage system. Chlorpyrifos treatment reduced threecornered alfalfa hopper damage in all systems. Spider mite injury was not affected by tillage, but chlorpyrifos treatments resulted in mite outbreaks in all tillage systems. Burrower bug, Pangaeus bilineatus Say, injury to peanut kernels was greater in the strip tillage systems in 1999; and burrower bug injury was suppressed in the strip tillage systems by chlorpyrifos treatment. There was a significant interaction effect for burrower bug injury between tillage and insecticide treatment. Incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus also was reduced by strip tillage. Use of an effective fungicide program and a 3-yr crop rotation out of peanut production probably obscured any potential tillage effects on fungal diseases (southern stem rot, Rhizoctonia limb rot, and leaf spot). However, chlorpyrifos treatment increased Rhizoctonia limb rot incidence. Weed populations were generally greater in strip tillage systems, but postemergence herbicides effectively eliminated any potential confounding effect on yield and grade. Yield was not affected by tillage in either year, and chlorpyrifos had no effect on yield in 1998. In 1999, however, chlorpyrifos increased yield in both strip tillage systems. Neither tillage nor insecticide treatment affected grade (percentage total mature kernels) in 1998, but in 1999 grade was highest in conventional tillage and grade was improved by chlorpyrifos treatment in strip tillage systems. Crop value losses of $249 and $388/ha were attributed to burrower bug injury in untreated corn and wheat residue strip tillage systems, respectively. This injury may have been an anomaly of drought conditions but, given the potential economic impact, burrower bug merits further study in conservation tillage peanut production.
39
Rosas, Juan C., Aracely Castro, and Edwin Flores. "Mejoramiento genético del frijol rojo y negro mesoamericano para Centroamérica y El Caribe." Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i2.17305.
Full textAbstract:
Bean production in Central America is mainly a small farm operation on hillside, marginal areas, limited by several biotic and abiotic constraints. More than 350,000 t of beans are produced in nearly 0.5 millions of hectáreas, with a rather low yield average of 678 kg/ha. The majority of bean producers utilize low inputs and few farms are mechanized. Autoconsumption is rather high; however, a great portion of the beans is sold by intermediaries. In Honduras, beans are the 7th most important crop in economic value, and has the highest economic return among corn, rice and sorghum. The major market classes in Central America are small red and black (race Mesoamerican) beans. Improvement of these bean types is focused in developing resistance to diseases (common mosaic, golden mosaic, anthracnose, angular leaf spot, rust, web blight, and common bacterial blight) and pests (mainly pod weevil); and tolerance to low fertility, drought and heat. Appropriate hybridization and selection programs are utilized for developing multiple resistant, high yielding, well adapted and commercially accepted cultivars. A broad genetic base is accomplished by using Andean and Mesoamerican sources of germplasm in the hybridization stage. Simultaneous selection for various traits and multilocation testing of advanced lines are practiced. Yield and adaptation nurseries and trials of improved lines are distributed to Central America, Mexico, Panama and Caribbean countries. Testing of advanced lines and on-farm validation and varietal release, are carried out by National Bean Programs and institutions, members of the PROFRIJOL regional program, in collaboration with Zamorano, CIAT and the Bean/Cowpea CRSP.
40
Astuti, Ludji Pantja, and Mutala’liah Mutala’liah. "Host preference of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) on six kinds of flour." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 17, no. 3 (December 11, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.17.3.149.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The red flour beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum </em>(Herbts)<em> </em>is a major pest of flour from various grains. The infested flour is discoloured and will emit a disagreeable odour due to the secretion of benzoquinone from the insect’s abdominal glands. Considering the economic losses effected by <em>T. castaneum, </em>new alternative control measures are needed for this pest. This study sought to determine the host preferences of <em>T. castaneum </em>from amongst six kinds of flour to assess their vulnerability to infestation. The research was conducted in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The host preferences of <em>T. castaneum</em> were examined using a six-arm olfactometer. Feeding preference tests were performed for a duration of 12 hours at 200 ml/minute airflow in each chamber-arm, followed by oviposition preference observations one week later. Feeding preference was calculated for the total pool of adults observed, segregated by sex, whereas oviposition preference was calculated as the number of eggs laid. Flour nutrition (proximate composition, phenolic content, and riboflavin content) were analyzed. Our results showed a feeding preference by <em>T. castaneum </em>for bran, soy and tapioca flour was greater over wheat, corn, and white gelatinous rice flour, while for oviposition, bran flour was the most preferred.</p>
41
Santoso, Agung Budi. "Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim terhadap Produksi Tanaman Pangan di Provinsi Maluku." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 35, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v35n1.2016.p29-38.
Full textAbstract:
This study was aimed to determine the impact of climate change on food crops performance in the Maluku province, based on the climatological data from 1995 to 2012, and to find out crop commodities that are adaptable to climate change. This study used four models of trend analysis: linear least square pattern, quadratic, exponential, and moving averages. The results of forecasting were used to estimate food crop production in the year of climate change to determine the impact of climate change on crop production. Results showed that soybean was the most sensitive crop to climate change, it had the biggest impact on production, yield declined on both El Nino (10.7%) and La Nina (11.4%). Paddy which is generally cultivated on the wetlands, El Nino had the smallest effect on a decrease of production of 2.9% and 2.4% increased on the La Nina. Corn production decreased 7.4% on the El Nino and 3.9% increased during the La Nina. Sweet potatoes was the most resistant crop to climate change, the impact was increased production by 2.5% during El Nino. To reduce the impacts of climate changes could be done through some efforts, namely: (1) to identify areas of potential drought, floods, pests and diseases endemic based on climate and soil conditions, (2) to develop prediction techniques, based on weather and climate forecasts to provide early warning to farmers, (3) to prepare and disseminate a package of technology which is able to withstand the adverse conditions of the El Nino and La Nina, including varieties, pest and disease prevention, and production inputs which are easily obtained by farmers, (4) to improve irrigation and drainage channels, mainly on the paddy fields to increase production capacity and to prevent crop failure during the dry season.
42
Babovic, Nada, Gordana Drazic, and Ana Djordjevic. "Potential uses of biomass from fast-growing crop miscanthus×giganteus." Chemical Industry 66, no. 2 (2012): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110711082b.
Full textAbstract:
There is an increasing interest in perennial grasses as a renewable source of bioenergy and feedstock for second-generation cellulosic biofuels. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus?giganteus), belonging to the parennial grasses group, are the major lignocellulosic materials being studied today as sources for direct energy production, biofuels, bioremediation and other. They have the ability to grow at low cost on marginal land where they will not compete with the traditional food crops. Miscanthus?giganteus possesses a number of advantages in comparison with the other potential energy crops such as are: high yields, low moisture content at harvest, high water and nitrogen use efficiencies, low need for annual agronomic inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, high cellulose content, non-invasive character, low susceptibility to pests and diseases and broad adaptation to temperate growing environments. The main problems are low rate of survival during the first winter after the creation of plantation and the relatively high establishment costs. Miscanthus?giganteus is grown primarily for heat and electricity generation but can also be used to produce transport fuels. Miscanthus biomass has a very good combustion quality due to its low water concentration as well as its low Cl, K, N, S and ash concentrations compared to other lignocellulose plants. It is expected that miscanthus will provide cheaper and more sustainable source of cellulose for production of bioethanol than annual crops such as corn. Miscanthus has great promise as a renewable energy source, but it can only be realised when the grass production has been optimised for large-scale commercial cultivation. However, further research is still needed to optimise agronomy of miscanthus, to develop the production chain and pre-treatment as well as to optimise energy conversation route to produce heat, electricity, and/or fuels from biomass, if miscanthus is to compete with fossil fuel use and be widely produced.
43
Istiqomah, Istiqomah, Ana Amiroh, Dwi Choiriyah, and Suharso Suharso. "KAJIAN MACAM JARAK TANAM SISTEM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN VARIETAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza Sativa L.)." AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 3, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/agroteknologi.v3i1.1708.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is a rice-producing food crop which now plays an important role in economic life in Indonesia. Namely rice as a staple food is very difficult to replace by other staples. Among them are corn, tubers, sago and other carbohydrate sources. So that the existence of rice is now a top priority for the community in meeting the needs of carbohydrate intake that can be filling and is a source of primary carbohydrates that are easily replaced into an energy source. Rice as a staple food is consumed by approximately 90% of the total population in Indonesia for daily essential food (Saragih,2001). How to plant with the jajar legowo system has the advantage that the plants are on the edge so that optimal sunshine can cause plant productivity to be high, facilitate weed control and pests / diseases, use of fertilizer more effectively and the availability of empty space for regulating water channel circulation on land (Sirrapa, 2011). This research was conducted using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, which consisted of two factors and each factor consisting of 3 levels repeated 3 times, namely: J1: Conventional,J2: Jajar Legowo 2: 1,J3: Jajar Legowo 4: 1. Factor II: Varieties with 3 levels, V1: Situ Bagendit, V2: Ciherang,V3: IR-64. Of the two factors 9 combinations of treatments were obtained and repeated 3 times. Data obtained from observations were calculated by analysis of variance with the Fisher test (-F test at the level of 5% and 1%), if there were significant differences, it would be followed by the Smallest Significant Difference test (LSD 5%). The treatment of the legowo 4: 1 row system and the ciherang variety (V2J3) produces a better value than other treatments.
44
Yanti, Yulmira, Munzir Busniah, Trimurti Habazar, Zulfadli Syarief, and Intan Sari Pasaribu. "PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN ORGANIK MELALUI BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PALAWIJA DENGAN APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI RIZOBAKTERI INDIGENOS DI NAGARI SUNGAI DURIAN KABUPATEN SOLOK." LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/logista.1.2.88-94.2017.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK
Nagari Sungai Durian Kabupaten Solok merupakan salah satu nagari yang memiliki berbagai permasalahan seperti kekeringan, tingginya jumlah lahan tidur dan jauhnya akses. Tanaman utama yang ditanam saat musim hujan adalah padi sawah, namun sebagian besar lahan menjadi lahan tidur saat musim kemarau. Solusi yang dapat ditawarkan adalah dengan penanaman tanaman palawija yang lebih tahan terhadap kekeringan dan penggunaan rizobakteri sebagai agens pengendali hama dan penyakit. Selain sebagai agens pengendali hama dan penyakit, penggunaan rizobakteri juga sebagai PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Tujuan dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat dalam budidaya tanaman palawija dengan aplikasi teknologi rizobakteri indigenos. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi dan demonstrasi plot. Adapun luaran yang didapat dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah :1) Masyarakat mendapatkan pengetahuan serta menguasai teknik budidaya tanaman palawija yang baik (jagung, singkong dan ubi jalar); 2) pengetahuan mengenai teknologi pemanfaatan rizobakteri sebagai agens hayati dalam pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman serta peningkatan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman palawija; 3) Mendapatkan produk pertanian organik (jagung, singkong dan ubi jalar) yang bebas dari penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida sintetik.
Kata kunci : Agens hayati, Rizobakteri, PGPR, Tanaman palawija
ABSTRACT
Nagari Sungai Durian of Solok District is one of the village that has various problems such as drought, high number of unused land and the distance of urban access. The main crops in this village grown during the rainy season are wetland paddy, but most of the land becomes unused during the dry season. The solution that can be offered is by planting crops that are more resistant to drought and the use of rhizobacteria as pest and disease control agents. In addition to pest and disease control agents, the use of rhizobacteria which also called PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) that can increase growth and yield of plants. The purpose of this community service program is to provide knowledge to the community in the cultivation of secondary crops with the application of indigenous rhizobacteria technology. This activity is done by socialization and demonstration plot. The outcomes obtained from this community service program are: 1) Communities gain knowledge and master good cultivation of secondary crops (corn, cassava and sweet potatoes); 2) knowledge of rhizobacteria utilization technology as biological agent in plant pests and diseases control and improvement of crops' growth and yield; 3) Obtain organic agricultural products (corn, cassava and sweet potato) that are free from the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Keywords: Biological agents, Rhizobacteria, PGPR, Secondary crops
45
Johnson, W. Carroll, Albert K. Culbreath, and Xuelin Luo. "Interactive Effects of Cultivation, Insect Control, and Fungal Disease Control in Organic Peanut Production." Peanut Science 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps17-14.1.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT During previous organic peanut weed management trials, maintenance pesticides were not applied and it was observed that insect infestations and disease epidemics were not problematic. This was surprising considering that conventional peanut are routinely treated with insecticides and fungicides to control common pests. It was hypothesized that components of the organic peanut production system could be integrated into conventional peanut production to reduce inputs. Structured research trials were conducted from 2012 through 2014 to determine interactions among three levels of weed control, two levels of insect control, and three levels of fungal disease control in organic peanut production using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Weed control treatments were weed-free using handweeding, cultivation with a tine weeder repeated weekly for six weeks, and a non-cultivated (weedy) control. Insect control treatments were two early-season applications of spinosad (Organic Materials Review Institute approved) and a nontreated control. Fungal disease control treatments were applications of cupric oxide plus sulfur (Cu+S) at three-week intervals, the conventional fungicide azoxystrobin at three-week intervals, and a nontreated control. The peanut cultivar Georgia-04S was planted each year of the study. The crop rotation at the research sites was corn grown in alternating years between peanut experiments. There were no interactions among the main effects. Compared to the non-cultivated control, cultivation with a tine weeder consistently reduced weed densities, and yields were equivalent to handweeded peanut two years of three. Intensive cultivation with a tine weeder did not increase disease epidemics or reduce peanut yield, which is contradictory to long-standing peanut production recommendations. Spinosad applications did not affect any of the parameters measured, including incidence of thrips-vectored spotted wilt and peanut yield. Cupric oxide plus sulfur controlled peanut diseases equal to azoxystrobin two years out of three, but peanut yields did not consistently respond to improved disease control from the conventional fungicide. We speculate that ideal crop rotations to reduce disease inoculum and modern peanut cultivars with improved disease tolerance are also factors that allow the use of reduced pest control inputs.
46
Rotasouw, Shiska M., Johanna Taribuka, and Handry R. D. Amanupunyo. "Identifikasi dan Kemampuan Jamur Endofitik Asal Jagung (Zea mays L.) Terhadap Patogen Busuk Pelepah (Rhyzoctonia solani)." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.2.140.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is a cereal crop which is an important source of food because it is the second source of carbohydrates after rice. Maize cultivation is faced with various plant diseases, that can reduce the quantity and quality of crop yield. Plant disease is one of the limiting factors for crop production and seed quality. One of the most harmful maize diseases is blight or midrib rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The aim of the study was to obtain endophytic microorganisms in maize and to test the antagonistic ability of these fungi as biological control agents against R. solani. The study took place in January-September 2018 in the field and the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pattimura. Endophytic fungi isolated from maize plants from the roots, stems and leaves. Samples were cleaned in running water and air-dried. Subsequently, the samples were sterilized using 70% alcohol and immersed in sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 minutes and rinsed with sterile water 3 times. The sterilized roots, stems and leaves of maize were peeled, cut to a size of ±5 mm, split and dried on sterile filter paper. Sterile samples were grown on PDA culture media at four points and incubated at room temperature. Visual identification was carried out with the aid of a microscope on fungi growing on the culture media. The results showed the presence of the endophytic fungi Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Diplodia sp. and Mucor sp. These fungal species showed different inhibitory powers, which included mechanisms for direct parasitizing of pathogens, producing antibiotics and competition for space and nutrients.
Keywords: antagonism, corn, endophytic fungi, identification, pathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia solani
ABSTRAK
Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan tanaman serelia yang termasuk bahan pangan penting karena merupakan sumber karbohidrat kedua setelah beras. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya tanama jagung adalah penurunan produksi akibat serangan patogen penyebab penyakit. Untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit dilakukan pengendalian dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme endofitik asal akar, batang dan daun jagung sebagai agensia pengendalian hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi mikroorganisme endofitik asal jagung secara morfologi, mendapatkan mikroorganisme endofitik yang memiliki kemampuan antagonis terhadap jamur Rhizoctonia solani penyebab penyakit busuk pelepah pada jagung. Penelitian berlangsung dalam 2 tahap, yaitu di lapangan dan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura. Sampel tanaman diperoleh dari beberapa kebun petani di wilayah Kota Ambon. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah bahwa jamur endofitik Trichoderma sp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Diplodia sp dan Mucor sp. memiliki daya penghambatan yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 78.57% (Trichoderma sp), 65.86% (Penicillium sp), 43.29% (Aspergillus sp), 36.71 (Diplodia sp) dan 34.44% (Mucor sp).
Kata kunci: antagonisme, identifikasi, jagung, jamur endofitik, jamurpatogenik, Rhizoctonia solani
47
Mansour, Sameeh A. "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Africa: Egyptian scenario." Human & Experimental Toxicology 28, no. 9 (September 2009): 531–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109347048.
Full textAbstract:
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic (carbon-based) compounds that include synthesized substances (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]) and other by-product substances generated as a result of human and natural activity (dioxins and furans). Extensive scientific studies have shown that POPs are some of the most dangerous pollutants released into the environment by humans. Great efforts have been made since the early 1960s to enhance chemical management and safety issues. Various conventions have been adopted for this purpose: the Stockholm Convention (SC) is one of the well-known meetings in this context. The SC on POPs (May 2001) focuses on reducing and eliminating releases of 12 POPs coined the ‘Dirty Dozen’ by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). Persistence of such chemicals in soils, air, and water, together with natural processes such as evaporation to the atmosphere and washout by rain and flood, give rise to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment and eventual penetration into food chains and bio-accumulation in humans. Public concern about contamination by POPs increased recently because several of these compounds are identified as hormone disruptors, which can alter normal function of endocrine and reproductive systems in humans and wildlife. African countries are using pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), lindane, toxaphene, endrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, since more than 50 years for combating agricultural pests and controlling disease vectors, especially malaria. The way in which pesticides are used in Africa caused serious environmental and health problems much more than elsewhere. These problems are represented by accumulation of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in different environmental samples and hosting of at least 50,000 tons of obsolete pesticides, as well as tens of thousands of tons of contaminated soil. Within the framework of the Africa Stockpiles Program (ASP), huge quantities of pesticidal POPs have been completely or partially destroyed in a number of African countries (e.g. Egypt, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia). At regional level (i.e. African Countries), a strategic plan for monitoring and getting rid of POPs in the continent should be set up and implemented through coordination between all governments. Among issues of top priorities are to find alternative non-combustion technologies for disposing obsolete pesticides, and to use alternative control measures for mosquitoes’ management and other vector-borne diseases.
48
Adipala, E., C. A. Omongo, A. Sabiti, J. E. Obuo, R. Edema, B. Bua, and M. W. Ogenga-Latigo. "Pests and diseases of cowpea in Uganda: Experiences from a diagnostic survey." African Crop Science Journal 7, no. 4 (April 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v7i4.27740.
Full text
49
Khromova, L. M., A. Kh Malkandueva, B. R. Shomakhov, Z. L. Shipsheva, and A. Kh Shabatukov. "Biodiversity of Pests in Grain Agrocenosis in Kabardino-Balkaria." KnE Life Sciences, November 25, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i14.5690.
Full textAbstract:
The article studies the issues of resistance of winter wheat varieties selected by the State Center of grain n.a. P.P. Lukyanenko and the Institute of Agriculture of the KBRC of the RAS to pests. The studies were conducted in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in the conditions of insufficient moisture in 2017-2018. Main diseases of winter wheat were identified, a valuable source material resistant to the main pathogens was isolated, and dominant diseases were established. The most adaptive, highly productive varieties of winter wheat were identified. The most ecologically plastic and stable varieties of winter wheat which can be used as donors were identified. Phytosanitary monitoring of the cotton moth was carried out in corn areas; phytophagous plants and the damage share were determined; progressive diseases were assessed; the species composition and frequency of pathogens were identified in grain areas.
50
Judith, Kobusinge, Kagezi H. Godfrey, Kasoma Abisagi, Kucel Patrick, Nakibuule Lilian, Perfecto Ivette, and Wagoire W. William. "Farmers’ Knowledge of Pests and Diseases in the Coffee-Banana Agroforestry Systems of Mid-Eastern Uganda." JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 7, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/jaes.v7n2a12.
Full text