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Caire, Matthew S. "Sin maíz, no hay país : corn in Mexico under neoliberalism, 1940-2008." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1269232039.
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Cobb, Bonnie Finn. "Extracting Carotenoids from Corn Industry Coproducts." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28243.
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Two experiments were completed to develop methods for extracting xanthophylls from corn industry co-products, post fermentation (PF) corn oil and corn gluten meal (CGM). A solid phase extraction (SPE) method was used to fractionate a xanthophyll-rich portion of PF corn oil by varying conditioning and eluting solvents used with a diol SPE column. Conditioning with dichloromethane yielded highest xanthophyll fractionation, 86.5%. The elution solvent selected did not impact fractionation based on a two-way ANOVA. Supercritical fluid extraction of xanthohpylls from CGM was modeled using a Box-Behnken design, varying temperature, pressure, and co-solvent ratio. The optimum conditions were determined to be 40 ?C, 6820 psi, and 15% co-solvent, which would extract 85.4 ?g lutein/g CGM, 2.6 times more lutein than an ethanol and chloroform: dichloromethane solvent extraction. Co-solvent was the most influential extraction parameter and increasing it further could yield higher xanthophyll recovery. With further studies, this work has industrial potential.Golden Growers; North Dakota Corn Council
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Mitchell, Brook D. "Turning corn silage analysis into economic value for the beef industry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35243.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Elizabeth Yeager
The corn silage market is typically focused heavily on the dairy market and results for corn silage plots are dedicated to the dairy industry specifically to get to the overall answer of $ Milk/Acre. The beef cattle industry is more interested in pounds of beef that can be gained from corn silage. There are roughly 6.2 million acres of corn silage in the US. Within that 6 million acres, roughly half is fed to beef cattle, but the corn silage industry has not focused on this aspect of the market. Within Mycogen Seeds there has been an ever increasing demand to find a way to deliver the corn silage plot data in a useable format for beef producers. By delivering corn silage plot data to beef producers, Mycogen has aspirations of increasing it’s market share of the corn silage market in Kansas as well as across the US, while at the same time increasing the awareness of how quality of a corn silage hybrid can affect a producers operation. This thesis examines corn silage plot info sample analysis and specific feed analysis calculations. With these specific calculations, the corn silage plot will illustrate information in a form that beef producers will understand, $ Beef Produced/Acre. At the same time, this thesis will examine the industry wide concept that tonnage is the only component that is important when selecting a corn silage hybrid. Finally this thesis will examine at what point ($/bushel) in the corn grain market does it make sense to start looking at utilizing corn silage over dry rolled corn by comparing price per MegaCalorie of energy by utilizing 25 year historical corn grain prices and using the Purdue Method of determining the cost of corn silage on a per ton basis.
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Lucius, Ruth A. "Assessing corn quality and transformation during nixtamalization a physico-chemical approach /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1231442056.
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Lutz, Clemens Herman Maria. "The functioning of the maize market in Benin spatial and temporal arbitrage on the market of a staple food crop /." Amsterdam : Dept. of Regional Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33121123.html.
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Msuya, Catherine Phillip. "The comparative role of intervening and independent variables in the adoption behaviour of maize growers in Njombe district, Tanzania." Thesis, Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282008-165132/.
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Miranda, Fernandez Saul Victor. "Procesamiento y conservación del choclo pequeño (Zea mays L) en la provincia Aiquile Departamento de Cochabamba : uso de antioxidantes, evaluación organoléptica y factibilidad industrial /." Diss., Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1997. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5649.
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Tesis de grado para obtener el titulo de Ingeniero Agrónomo, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Facultad de ciencias agricolas, pecuarias, forestales y veterinarias "Martin Cardenas."Abstract in Spanish and English.
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Kariuki, Joseph Gichugu. "The economic impact of the adoption of hybrid maize in Swaziland." Kiel : Vauk, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25373922.html.
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Wu, Wan-Yu. "Processing and properties of extruded flaxseed-corn puff /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422975.
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Riley, John P. "Using subsidized put options to replace the federal price and income support programs for corn." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125148/.
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Liepold, Ann-Katrin [Verfasser], and Christof [Akademischer Betreuer] Mauch. "Corn capital : how corn shaped the landscape, industry, and culture of Olivia, MN / Ann-Katrin Liepold ; Betreuer: Christof Mauch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1189584905/34.
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Warner, Marcella M. "The impact of ethanol driven corn price on the cow-calf industry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1002.
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Miranda, Fernandez Saul Victor. "Processing and Conservation of the Little Corn in Aiquile province in the Cochabamba Department: use of antioxidants, organic and industrial evaluation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5402.
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The present work was conducted in order to determine an adequate variety in the processing of small corn, in which a monitoring of all the cycle in cultivation was conducted. The behavior of the small corn was analyzed in the laboratory before the presence of three antioxidants, ascorbic acid, acetic acid and sodium sulfate in two concentrations in addition to subjecting them to thermal treatments that allows us to obtain a pleasant product for the consumer that is both resistant to treatment and nutritious for the health. The results indicate that the best variety of corn is muruchi yellow, the most effective antioxidant is sodium sulfate with a concentration of 1% and the thermal treatment of 10 minutes which obtained the best results, being most pleasing to those persons that evaluated the corn for its organic qualities followed by the ascorbic and acetic acid provided which provided a project of industrial feasibility that provides the information as a convenience to investment.
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Russell, Elizabeth F. (Elizabeth Fiona). "Influence of ammonium lignosulfonate fertilizer mixtures on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and nutrient composition." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61168.
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Fertilizer P fixation and fertilizer N losses in soils may be reduced through additions of polyphenolic compounds. The influence of ammonium lignosulfonate (NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS) on triple superphosphate (TSP) efficiency was investigated in a soil incubation study using three Quebec soils and in a growth bench study using one soil. For the incubation study, soils were analyzed for pH and P extractability, as a function of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS rate and time. In the growth bench study, TSP and NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS were applied at varying rates and corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields and nutrient compositions analyzed. Similar studies were conducted in subsequent growth bench studies, to evaluate combinations of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and urea on two soils.Ammonium LS increased soluble P levels when applied with TSP. The effect was most significant in fine textured soils, and increased with time. This improved P availability to plants, without affecting growth. The optimum NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS:P$ sb2$O$ sb5$ application ratio was approximately 2.8:1. Ammonium LS did not improve availability of DAP-P in either of the subsequent experiments, nor did it improve urea fertilizer efficiency. Some NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS-urea-DAP formulations did, however, improve corn growth beyond that obtained when only urea and DAP were applied in combination. In nutrient amended soils, applying NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS DAP was detrimental to growth and, for some application rates, reduced nutrient uptake.
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Bautista, Marina Caballero. "Processing and conservation of the grain of corn (Zea Mays L.) and project of industrial feasibility." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5331.
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Since Pre-Colombian time corn already formed part of the diet in Aztec and Mayan cultures, and actually represented in them a fountain of wealth and power. The cultivation is utilized in the region in multiple forms, not only for the human diet, but also as feed for animals. Corn is third place in the world production, following wheat and rice. It is cultivated in a total surface of 106 million hectares, its yield is 215 million tons, that represents an average of 2 tons per hectare. The cultivation of corn has special importance, given that this cereal constitutes the basic food the Latin-Americans. This cereal adapts extensively to diverse ecological conditions. Its high performance and future possibilities of even more improvement through genetics make this cereal one of the plants most promising to confront the threat of hunger in the world. For this reason, it is cultivated in almost every part of the world because of its ample range of elevations. It can grow from sea level to approximately 2500 meters. In the last few years, the world production of corn has grown an average of 3.2% per year, set against 1.1% of semi-annual growth, for surface sown. This difference comes from a strong increase of the average unit yield. This was possible thanks to use of highly productive hybrid corn, with the aid of improve agricultural techniques, such as greater plantation density, more resilient, uses of more effective pesticides and herbicides, etc. In Bolivia, the agriculture area has large potential to develop, but because of political causes not appropriate for our country, and the insufficient economic resources that destines the area to stay rural, these negative aspects are responsible for the backward movement and the misery, making it impossible to develop the agriculture area. The region of Cochabamba, constitutes the main supplier of food. In the country, the economic activity of the valleys are based mainly in agriculture and stockbreeding, being characterized as a growing zone and basically for cereal, whose preferential scale of cultivation is as continues: Corn, wheat, barley, alfalfa, and other. The population of Cochabamba varies because of the growing of corn is only in the seasons of summer and part of the fall, the rest of the time few people stay there. The farmers, to obtain better prices, try to harvest at the start and end of the growing seasons, this is possible when they make a good management of plant's health, irrigation, and soil. etc., due to the smaller effort, the prices are higher, but in the months of February and March is when the effort pays off, because almost all of the farmers harvest, and the prices of this product drops, many times even below the price of production, being consequence of the dry culture. The price of fresh corn on the cob is greater than dry corn. When corn is fresh it has different uses such as humitas, lawas and corn on the cob. El Valle Alta (Punata), the farmers do not market their produce in the markets, despite of the small farms of the area, for this cause merchants truckers exist that gather the produce of all the farmers, and take the majority of the profits, which is why it is necessary for industrialization of the agricultural production. The vegetables are directly or indirectly the source of all the food, because they are capable of using solar energy and to carry out diverse chemical synthesis, that cannot be performed by animals. The principles of the same they are photosynthesis, which consists of the application of the solar energy, to synthesize carbohydrates, and the fixation of nitrogen, which is the foundation for the synthesis of the proteins. The vegetables most consumed are the cereals, legumes, and tubers, they constitute the basic diet. The word ""vegetable"" includes an extensive range of vegetables, and the majority of the vegetables contain at most 60%-80% of the water.
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Wang, Zheng. "Effect of Different Schedules of Baby Corn (Zea Mays L.) Harvests on Baby Corn Yield, Grain Yield, and Economic Profit Value." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/131.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) ranks third as a food crop after wheat and rice and is characterized not only as a cereal crop but also as a vegetable. Maize used as a vegetable is known as “baby corn”. Baby corn consists of unfertilized young ears harvested 2 or 3 days after silk emergence. The present study was implemented in 2009 at Western Kentucky University Agriculture Research and Education Center (36.93 N, 86.47 E) in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of different schemes of harvest on baby corn (BC) yield, grain maize (GM) yield, and estimated economic return. Experimental harvest treatments were 1) no BC harvest, only GM harvest, 2) first harvest as BC, final harvest as GM, 3) first and second harvests as BC, final harvest as GM, and 4) first, second, and third harvests as BC, final harvest as GM. Average estimated BC yields (Kg/ha) for Treatments 2, 3, and 4 were 1445.1, 2681.8, and 3437.5; GM yields (Kg/ha) for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were 12522.2, 8226.5, and 1380.9; respectively. Since few grain kernels were found after three harvests for BC (Treatment 4), no usable GM yield was produced. BC and GM yields were used for evaluating the economic returns. Results indicated that the sequence of best economic returns would be obtained by harvesting BC three times (Treatment 4), first two harvests for BC and the final for GM (Treatment 3), first harvest for BC and subsequent for GM (Treatment 2), and only for GM harvest (Treatment 1). Although the pattern for only BC harvest was the most profitable system, the human labor requirement and critical timing of harvest limited its production. In states similar to Kentucky, BC could only be grown as an additional crop or to supplant a limited amount of traditional GM hectarage.
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Gupta, Meeta. "Consumer behavior towards chicken fed with genetically modified high available phosphorus (HAP) corn." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.87Mb, 129 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428261.
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Ben-Belhassen, Boubaker. "Econometric models of the Argentine cereal economy : a focus on policy simulation analysis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842508.
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Shakya, Sumadhur. "Valuing and Pricing of Random and Non-Persistent Genetically Modified Traits (Corn and HRSW)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29713.
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With many genetic traits discovered and many more in progress, it is imperative to the industry that firms (biotechnology companies) decide on the trait valuation and pricing. This includes more than one trait (also referred to as stacked traits) in a single variety of crop; the risk and uncertainty of expected returns associated with the development and release of a variety increases even more in case of stacked traits.
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model that can be used for the valuing and pricing of genetically modified (GM) traits that are random, sporadic, and non-persistent (e.g. drought tolerance, heat/cold stress) using the real option approach. The efficiency gain in case of occurrence of random event and expression of GM traits will be measured and used as a decision factor in determining the value of GM trait(s) at different phases of development. Risk premiums representing the value of GM trait to growers is calculated across risk averse attitudes. The return to labor and management (RTLM) provided by a GM trait is used to calculate the risk premiums when variation in parameters is allowed to be same as that reflected in historical data and gains from GM traits are realized. Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) are used to estimate the certainty equivalents that decision makers would place on a risky alternative relative to a no risk investment. Certainty equivalents are estimated across a range of risk aversion coefficients and used to rank alternatives and determine where preferences among alternatives change while estimating risk premiums for the base case (no trait), drought tolerance, cold tolerance, NUB, and All traits (all traits combined into one as a stacked trait). Premiums provide perspective on the magnitude of differences in relative preferences among choices. The range of ARAC utilized was from 0.00 to 0.15 for all three crops. The risk premiums are treated as a potential source of revenue in the model as a technology fee charged by a biotech company. This thesis uses the Real Option methodology to evaluate GM traits as Option values at various stages of development. This approach helps managers decide the best possible option in making a certain decision today. It is also helpful in comparing different pathways (series of decisions) and thus better exploits the potential cash return in the future from investments made today (Figure D.1, Figure D.2). Three possible options to "continue", "wait", and "abandon" were modeled in this thesis. Such modeling determines the possible option values of GM traits at different stages of development depending on the kind of choices made at different points of time. This thesis shows that various GM traits that are out-of-money (OTM) at initial stages have increased probability of being in-the-money (ITM) at later stages of development. Sensitivities show that a share of potential technology fees and acreage of GM crops play a significant role in option values being ITM. Stacked traits provide a better chance of being ITM, thus the option to continue will be exercised by management. The option to wait causes reduction in option value. Among
individual traits, drought tolerance has the greatest maximum option value in most cases. Therefore, if management has to choose the development of only one GM trait, it is most likely to choose to invest in the development of drought tolerance.
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Bruss, Paul J. "Groundwater, corn and cattle: an investigation on the implications of future groundwater availability on the agricultural industry in western Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17147.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Civil Engineering
David R. Steward
Kansas relies on groundwater for nearly 85 percent of the total water used each year, most of which is used for irrigation. Over the last 30 years, declining groundwater levels in some areas have put pressure on agricultural industries. Ongoing research on the usage of groundwater resources will be necessary to sustain agriculture. In this study, two groundwater models were developed to investigate groundwater availability and use in western Kansas. The first model, called the Saturated Thickness Model (STM), investigated how groundwater resources will change over the next century. The second model, called the Change in Water Level Model (CWLM), was used to forecast water use trends for three agricultural districts in western Kansas by relating the change in groundwater levels over time to the volume of water pumped for irrigation. To understand how these changes would affect the agricultural industry, the research investigated historical trends in reported groundwater use, corn production and cattle in feedyards. The results showed significant decreases in the modeled saturated thickness over the next 100 years in western Kansas. Modeled groundwater use matched reported groundwater use data relatively well. The model showed significant decreases in groundwater use over the next 100 years, with the largest decrease being in the southwest district. Overall, forecast water use trends were in agreement with current outlooks for each area. The results from the correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between groundwater use and irrigated corn production, indicating improved irrigation efficiency and crop species over the past 30 years. Further correlations showed the number of cattle on feed in a particular area increased with the amount of irrigated corn production in the same area. This implies the cattle feedyards tendency toward local source of grain. As groundwater resources decline, corn production will decrease, and changes in the agricultural landscape will require adaptation. Feedyards will need to find new sources of corn grain or change to a less water dependent feed. Further research is needed to determine where corn grain will be produced in the next 100 years, and how corn grain will be transported to feedyards in southwest Kansas.
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Braun, Dane Curtis. "The Effects of Ethanol Policy on Cattle Production." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29632.
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Corn-based ethanol production has increased dramatically in the past ten years, causing an increase in demand for corn by ethanol producers and an increase in production of ethanol by-products such as distillers' grains. The increase in ethanol production can be attributed to ethanol policy at the state and federal levels. Because of the increase in production of corn-based ethanol, cattle producers face greater competition for a major feed source, corn, and greater supply of an emerging feed source, distillers' grains. The objective of this study is to analyze and quantify the effects of ethanol policy on cattle production. A theoretical model and an econometric model are used to fulfill the objectives of this study. The theoretical model contains an ethanol model and a general livestock model. Results of the theoretical model present the possibilities of ethanol policy affecting cattle production. The econometric model identifies the indirect and direct effects of ethanol policy on cattle production. The results of the econometric model indicate that there is a relationship between ethanol policy, specifically the Renewable Fuel Standard, and cattle production.
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Mofokeng, Maine Jonas. "Factors affecting the hedging decision of farmers : the case of maize farmers in Gauteng province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71750.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Maize is the most important field crop in South Africa. It is used for both animal feeds and human consumption. It is also used by many industries as an input, is a source of foreign exchange and of employment opportunities for many people in the country. It is an important component of the agricultural sector, plays an important role in the economy and presents opportunities in terms of agricultural investment and employment creation. The maize industry in South Africa has long history of government intervention where the price of maize was set by government through the office of the Minister of Agriculture. This was fuelled by the two Marketing Acts (of 1937 and 1968). During the period of these Acts, farmers were not exposed to international markets. However after the introduction of the Marketing of Agricultural Products Act (Act 47 of 1996), farmers have been exposed to international maize prices, i.e. to the forces of supply and demand. Farmers are no longer guaranteed a maize price during the beginning of the production season, and now have to use different methods to protect their income against a volatile maize price. Through forward contracting (hedging) their maize, farmers can minimize the price risk that they are facing. A number of instruments have been developed to assist farmers to protect themselves against price risk. In South Africa, SAFEX is used to reflect the expected future price of maize and it can be used by farmers as a reference for the expected price. Different factors affect the hedging decisions of farmers. The main objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the hedging decision of maize farmers in Gauteng, and hence their rate of adoption of hedging strategies. The study employed a number of methods in an effort to answer this question. Data analysis relating to factors affecting the hedging decision of the farmers was carried out using Excel and the SPSS statistical package and took the form of multiple cross tabulation. A Probit regression equation was estimated using the SPSS 20 statistical software package. In the case of the adoption rate of hedging by maize farmers in Gauteng, it was found that only 35 per cent of the maize farmers forward contract their maize against price risk. This implies that they are not protecting their income against price volatility through forward contracting. The results show that the factors that have the most influence on the decision whether to hedge are: the gender, age, and agricultural qualification of the principal decision maker; whether the decision maker is a member of a grain association and the size of that grain association; the length of period that the decision maker has been producing grain; the size of the farm; whether the farmer rents in land; the proportion of off-farm income earned and whether the farmer takes out insurance. These variables are all statistically significant at the 5 per cent level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mielies is die belangrikste akkerbougewas in Suid-Afrika. Dit word gebruik vir beide dierevoere en menslike verbruik. Dit word ook in baie bedrywe as ’n inset gebruik, vorm ’n bron van buitelandse valuta en verskaf werksgeleenthede aan baie mense in die land. Dit is ’n belangrike komponent van die landbousektor, speel ’n belangrike rol in die ekonomie en verskaf geleenthede in terme van landboubelegging en werkskepping. Die mieliebedryf in Suid-Afrika het ’n lang geskiedenis van regeringsingryping waardeur die prys van mielies deur die regering, by name van die kantoor van die Minister van Landbou, vasgestel is. Dit is aangevuur deur twee Bemarkingswette (van 1937 en 1968). Gedurende die tydperk van hierdie wette is boere nie aan internasionale markte blootgestel nie. Met die aanvang van die Wet op die Bemarking van Landbouprodukte (Wet 47 van 1996) is boere aan internasionale mieliepryse blootgestel, m.a.w. aan die kragte van vraag en aanbod. Boere word nie meer aan die begin van die produksieseisoen ’n mielieprys gewaarborg nie, en moet nou ander maniere vind om hulle inkomste teen ’n onbestendige mielieprys te beskerm. Deur die koop van termynkontrakte op hulle mielies (verskansing) kan boere die prysrisiko’s wat hulle in die gesig staar, minimaliseer. ’n Aantal instrumente is ontwikkel om boere te help om hulleself teen prysrisiko te beskerm. In Suid-Afrika word SAFEX gebruik om die verwagte toekomstige prys van mielies te weerspieël en dit kan deur boere as ’n verwysing na die verwagte prys gebruik word. Verskeie faktore beïnvloed die verskansingsbesluite van boere. Die belangrikste doelwit van hierdie studie was om faktore te identifiseer wat die verskansingsbesluit van mielieboere in Gauteng beïnvloed, en dus die tempo waarteen hulle verskansingstrategieë in gebruik neem. Die studie het ’n aantal metodes gebruik in ’n poging om hierdie vraag te beantwoord. Data-analise m.b.t. die faktore wat die verskansingsbesluit van die boere beïnvloed, is met Excel en die SPSS statistiese pakket uitgevoer en het die vorm van meervoudige kruistabellering aangeneem. ’n Probitregressievergelyking is met behulp van SPSS 20 statistiese sagteware beraam. In die geval van die tempo van aanneming van verskansing deur mielieboere in Gauteng is daar gevind dat net 35 persent van die mielieboere termynkontrakte op hulle mielies gebruik om hulle teen prysrisiko te beskerm. Dit impliseer dat hulle nie hulle inkomste teen onbestendige pryse beskerm nie. Die resultate toon dat die faktore wat die grootste invloed het op die besluit om te verskans die volgende is: die geslag, ouderdom en landboukwalifikasie van die hoof besluitnemer; of die besluitnemer ’n lid van ’n graanvereniging is, en die grootte van dié graanvereniging; hoe lank die besluitnemer reeds graan produseer; die grootte van die plaas; of die boer grond inhuur; die proporsie van inkomste wat weg van die plaas af verdien word; en of die boer versekering uitneem. Hierdie veranderlikes is almal statisties betekenisvol by die 5 persent vlak.
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Oliveira, Dillaine Hennig de. "Ocorrência de fumonisinas em milho e derivados, destinados à alimentação humana." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1876.
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A cultura do milho é um dos segmentos mais importantes para a economia do agronegócio brasileiro, sendo responsável por 37% dos grãos produzidos no país. Entretanto, devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo, possui grande suscetibilidade ao crescimento fúngico, com destaque para Fusarium sp. que além de agente deteriorante é responsável por produzir fumonisinas, um grupo de micotoxinas de caráter termoestável e possivelmente carcinogênico, associada a surtos ocorridos em equinos, suínos e aves. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de fumonisinas em milho e seus derivados durante o processo de industrialização. Um total de 1200 amostras (300 de milho, 300 de canjica, 300 de grits e 300 de farinha de milho) foram coletadas durante o processamento do milho no mês de maio de 2016 e submetidas a quantificação de fumonisinas pelo método de imunoensaio ROSA® Fumonisin Quantitative, cujo limite de detecção foi de 250 µg/kg. Paralelamente foram coletadas aleatoriamente 23 amostras (9 de milho e 14 de farinha), que foram submetidas simultaneamente a quantificação de fumonisinas pelo método ROSA® e pelo método Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, acoplado a espectrometria de massa sequencial LC MS/MS, a fim de estudar a existência de uma correlação entre os métodos. Das 1200 amostras analisadas, 370 (30,83%) apresentaram resultado positivo para fumonisinas totais, com concentrações variando de 278 a 1.522 µg/kg no milho, de 293 a 1.240 µg/kg na canjica, de 269 a 445 µg/kg no grits e de 267 a 512 µg/kg na farinha de milho. Entretanto, os teores de fumonisinas detectados no milho e derivados encontraram-se abaixo dos limites máximos tolerados pela legislação brasileira, sendo portanto, considerados aptos para consumo humano. O método ROSA® utilizado para quantificação de fumonisinas neste trabalho apresentou uma correlação de Pearson positiva forte (r = 0,98) com o método oficialmente empregado, indicando a possibilidade de utilização na quantificação de micotoxinas pelas indústrias processadoras, que necessitam de resultados rápidos, confiáveis e de baixo custo. Contudo, apesar dos níveis de fumonisinas detectados não representarem um risco à saúde dos consumidores, sugere-se um monitoramento constante de produtos à base de milho, tendo em vista que a contaminação por micotoxinas depende de um conjunto de fatores e representa um grande desafio para as indústrias processadoras de milho.The culture of corn is one of the most important segments for the economy of the Brazilian agriculture industry, being responsible for 37 % of the grains produced in the country. Therefore, due to its high nutritious value, it possesses a great vulnerability of fungus growth, especially for the Fusarium sp., which is a deteriorate agent and responsible for producing fumonisin, a group of mycotoxins of carcinogenic character and term stable, associated to outbreaks that reach to equine, suine and poultry and also lead to esophagus cancer in humans. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the incidence of fumonisin in the corn and its derivatives during the industrialization process. A total of 1200 samples (300 maize, 300 of hominy, 300 of grits and 300 of corn flour) was collected among the processing of corn during May 2016 and submitted to fumonisin quantification by method of immunoassay ROSA® Fumonisin Quantitative Method. The detection limit was 250 µg/kg. In order to verify the existence of a Pearson correlation between two different methods for fumonisin quantification, other 23 samples (9 maize and 14 flour) were randomly collected in a parallel study, followed by fumonisin quantification by simultaneously ROSA® Fumonisin Quantitative Method and the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS. Of the 1200 samples analyzed, 370 (30,83%) tested positive for total fumonisins with concentrations ranging 278-1.522 µg/kg in corn, 293-1.240 µg/kg in hominy, 269-445 µg/kg in grits and 267-512µg/kg in corn flour. However, fumonisin levels detected in corn and derivatives were lower than the maximum level established by Brazilian law, and therefore able for human consumption. The ROSA® method for fumonisin quantitation used in this work showed a strong positive Pearson correlation (r = 0.98) with the official method employed, indicating the possibility of its use in the quantification of mycotoxins by the processing industries, that require fast, reliable and cost-effective results. Despite the detected levels fumonisins did not represent any risks to the consumers health, the corn products monitoring there must be constant, seeing that the contamination through mycotoxins depends on a group of factors and represents a great challenge to the corn manufacturing industries.
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Carlson, Thomas R. "Finding a position for a firm to succeed in the seed industry." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/500.
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Hlomendlini, Pilile Hamlet. "Key factors influencing smallholder market participation in the former homelands of South Africa : case study of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98008.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study uses a double-hurdle (DH) model to examine the key factors influencing market participation decisions among maize-producing households in the former homelands of South Africa. In the first stage of the double-hurdle model, using data on South African rural maize growers, the decision whether or not to participate (binary variable) is used to estimate the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which is assumed to follow a probit model. In the second stage, the conditional quantity sold (continuous variable) is assumed to follow a truncated normal regression model, whereby the MLE is estimated by fitting a truncated normal regression into the quantity sold. The results of the double-hurdle regression point specifically to five key factors that were found to have a positive statistical effect on rural smallholders’ market participation decisions, and on the conditional quantity of maize they traded (viz. household size, land size, access to credit and government transfers for the first stage, which was estimated using the probit model, and age, education and employment status of the household head, use of tractor when cultivating, government transfers, quantity produced, market price, and own transport to the market for the second stage which was estimated using truncated normal regression). Based on the findings highlighted above, it is recommended that the integration of rural smallholders as market participants cannot be achieved without effective policy interventions that create and sustain an enabling environment that encourages greater participation. This includes improving access to land and road infrastructure; providing extension services and making available relevant advice and information related to both production and marketing aspects; and enhancing the accessibility of both credit and production input.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie maak gebruik van die dubbel-hekkie (DH) model om die vernaamste faktore te ondersoek wat besluite oor markdeelname onder mielieproduserende huishoudings in die voormalige tuislande van Suid-Afrika beïnvloed. In die eerste stadium van die double-hurdle model, met gebruik van data oor landelike Suid-Afrikaanse mieliekwekers, is die besluit oor deelname of andersins (binêre veranderlike) gebruik om die maksimum-aanneemlikheidsberaming (maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)) te skat wat aanvaar word om op ’n probit-model te volg. In die tweede stadium is die voorwaardelike hoeveelheid verkoop (kontinue veranderlike) aanvaar om op ’n afgeknotte normale regressiemodel te volg, waardeur die MLE beraam word deur ’n afgeknotte normale regressie in die hoeveelheid verkoop te pas. Die resultate van die dubbel-hekkie regressie dui spesifiek op vyf sleutelfaktore wat gevind is om ’n positiewe statistiese effek op landelike kleinboere se markdeelnamebesluite te hê, en op die voorwaardelike hoeveelheid van mielies wat hulle verhandel (naamlik grootte van die huishouding, grootte van die grond, toegang tot krediet en regeringsoordragte vir die eerste stadium, wat geskat is deur gebruik te maak van die probit-model, en ouderdom, opvoeding en indiensnemingstatus van die hoof van die huishouding, gebruik van trekker tydens bewerking, regeringsoordragte, hoeveelheid geproduseer, markprys en eie vervoer na die mark vir die tweede stadium, wat geskat is met afgeknotte normale regressie). Gebaseer op die bevindings wat hierbo uitgelig is, word daar aangeraai dat die integrasie van landelike kleinboere as markdeelnemers nie moontlik is sonder doeltreffende beleidsingrypings wat ’n instaatstellende omgewing skep en onderhou wat groter deelname sal aanmoedig. Dit sluit in verbeterde toegang tot grond en pad-infrastruktuur; verskaffing van voorligtingdienste en relevante raad en inligting m.b.t. produksie- en bemarkingsaspekte; en die verbetering van toegang tot beide krediet en produksie-insette.
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Zheng, Hualu. "The effects of ethanol production on the U.S. catfish sector." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06292009-160322.
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Diniz, Sheyla Castro 1985. ""Nuvem cigana" : a trajetória do Clube de Esquina no campo da MPB." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278903.
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Orientador: Marcelo Siqueira RidentiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diniz_SheylaCastro_M.pdf: 2144482 bytes, checksum: b20237514ea06429f762092c3fa85675 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O trabalho aborda uma parcela da vasta e heterogênea trajetória do Clube da Esquina no campo da MPB (Música Popular Brasileira). Esse grupo de músicos, letristas e amigos, inicialmente gestado em Belo Horizonte/MG em meados dos anos 1960, atingiu o ápice fonográfico na primeira metade da década seguinte, conjugando um aguçado caráter experimental e coletivo na elaboração de seus discos e canções. Tomando como referência esses dois momentos, as análises almejaram problematizar as particularidades estético-musicais e filosóficas da turma, suas relações com outros artistas e com a gravadora EMI-Odeon e suas variadas respostas culturais ao contexto político-social no qual estava inserida. A pesquisa também pretendeu por em destaque os processos que, na passagem dos anos 1970 a 1980, demarcaram a diluição do Clube da Esquina como uma formação cultural. A observância desse período permitiu estender as investigações para abarcar algumas recentes iniciativas e lutas simbólicas que visam garantir ao Clube da Esquina certo reconhecimento e legitimação no atual rol de debates acerca da MPB
Abstract: The research intends to verify the heterogeneous trajectory of Clube da Esquina in the field of MPB (Brazilian Popular Music). This group of musicians, songwriters and friends, gestated in Belo Horizonte/MG in the mid-1960s, reached the phonograph peak in the first half of next decade, combining a pointed collective and experimentally character in the preparation of their albums and songs. About these two moments, the analyses explored some aesthetic-musical and philosophical aspects of the group, their relationships with others artists and with the label EMIOdeon and their cultural answers to social-political context. This academic work also examined the processes that, in the passage of the years 1970 to 1980, staked the dissolution of Clube da Esquina as a cultural formation. To observe that period allowed extending the investigations for study some recent initiatives and symbolic struggles that have ensured recognition and legitimacy to the Clube da Esquina in the current debates about MPB
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia
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Almeida, Jacqueline de Florio. "Síntese e caracterização de dextrinas esterificadas com ácido málico a partir dos amidos de mandioca e milho." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2172.
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Amidos nativos apresentam algumas desvantagens tecnológicas que impulsionam pesquisas voltadas à modificação, visando melhorar as propriedades físico-químicas e promover propriedades funcionais específicas. Modificações como dextrinização e esterificação estão entre as mais utilizadas, porém, apesar dos avanços recentes na área de amidos modificados, ainda há pouca informação sobre as propriedades de dextrinas esterificadas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivos principais a obtenção e caracterização de dextrinas esterificadas com ácido málico a partir dos amidos de mandioca e milho. A modificação dos amidos foi realizada com ácido málico (2,5; 5,0; 7,5 % m/m) durante o processamento térmico (150 °C/ 4 horas) com baixa umidade (≤ 3 %). Para avaliar o efeito de um catalisador ácido, foram realizados ensaios com a adição de HCl (0,05 % m/m), sob as mesmas condições. A termoconversão do amido na presença de ácido málico produz dextrinas esterificadas com baixo grau de substituição (GS) e características aniônicas, além de alta claridade de pasta, solubilidade a frio e baixa viscosidade em elevados teores de sólidos (RVA). A degradação macromolecular reduz o teor de amilose dos amidos após a modificação, assim como a viscosidade intrínseca. Porém, as dextrinas com maior GS apresentaram maior viscosidade intrínseca em solvente DMSO, o que sugere a ocorrência de ligações cruzadas nas dextrinas com maior concentração de ácido málico. Os resultados de dextrose equivalente (DE) também foram dependentes da concentração de ácido málico e os valores variaram de 6,89 a 11,33% nas dextrinas de mandioca e de 8,56 a 12,38 % nas dextrinas de milho. A variação de cor identificou maior tendência a tonalidades amareladas, característica típica de dextrinas termoconvertidas. Na análise de DRX, foi observado que a modificação alterou o padrão de difração das amostras de amido de mandioca e diminuiu a cristalinidade relativa (CR) dos grânulos dos amidos de ambas as fontes botânicas estudadas. A morfologia dos grânulos, analisada por MEV, também foi alterada em ambas as fontes de amido estudadas, assim como suas propriedades térmicas, de maneira que não foi observada transição de fase referente à gelatinização em análise de DSC.Native starches have some technological disadvantages which stimulate researches for modification, aimed improve physicochemical properties and promote specific functional properties. Modifications as dextrinization and esterification are widely used, however, despite recent advances about modified starches, there is still little information about the properties of esterified dextrins. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize esterified dextrins from cassava and maize starches using malic acid. The modification of starches was performed by heating a dried mixture (≤ 3%) of starch and malic acid (2.5; 5.0; 7.5 % w/w). To evaluate the effect of an acid catalyst, tests were prepared with addition of HCl (0.05% w/w) under the same conditions. The starch pyrodextrinization in presence of malic acid produces esterified dextrins with low degree of substitution (DS) and anionic properties, as well as high clarity of paste, cold solubility and low viscosity at high solids contents. The macromolecular degradation decreases the amylose content values after modification, as well as the intrinsic viscosity values. However, the dextrins with high GS showed higher intrinsic viscosity in DMSO, which suggests the occurrence of crosslinking in the dextrins with a higher concentration of malic acid. The results of dextrose equivalent (DE) were dependent of malic acid concentration and values ranged from 6.69 to 11.33% in dextrins from cassava starch, and 8.56 to 12.38% in dextrins from maize starch. Color variations indicated its direct dependence on pyrodextrinization conditions and showed trends to yellow tones, typical feature of pyrodextrin. In X-ray diffraction, was observed that modification changed x-ray pattern in dextrins from cassava starch and decreases the relative crystallinity (RC) of the granules from cassava and maize starches, and its granular morphology (SEM) and thermal properties were affected, it was not observed phase transition related to the gelatinization in DSC analysis.
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Almeida, Paulo Nazareno Alves. "Fontes de crescimento e sistema produtivo da orizicultura no Mato Grosso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-24052004-142414/.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o sistema produtivo e quantificar as fontes de crescimento da orizicultura no Mato Grosso, em competição com a cotonicultura, a milhocultura e a sojicultura, no período de 1980 a 2001. Nota-se grandes avanços tecnológicos empregados na cultura do arroz sob o sistema terras altas, diminuindo a diferença produtiva entre este e o arroz irrigado. Diante destas alterações e da carência de informações no tocante ao cultivo de terras altas, são necessários estudos que demonstrem essas alterações de forma sistematizada. Utilizou-se a metodologia shift-share na mensuração das fontes de crescimento das atividades agrícolas, tendo como fatores explicativos da evolução da produção os efeitos área, rendimento, composição da produção e localização geográfica. As alterações na área cultivada das culturas foram quantificadas pelos efeitos escala e substituição, realizadas na análise individual por cultura. Com enfoque no arroz, as demais culturas estudadas foram o algodão, o milho e a soja, escolhidas por competirem em maior grau com o arroz na ocupação da área agrícola. Apesar das pastagens apresentarem grande relação com a orizicultura, estas não foram incluídas no estudo, devido à ausência de informações referentes à área e ao rendimento para as microrregiões em todo o período. Verificou-se que o arroz de terras altas continua carregando o estigma de abertura de área para domesticação da terra e posterior substituição pela cultura da soja ou pastagens. A orizicultura tem seu uso também relacionado à recuperação de pastagens e rotação com soja. As culturas do algodão e do milho pouco se relacionam diretamente com o arroz, ao contrário da soja e das pastagens. Constataram-se alguns entraves ao desenvolvimento da orizicultura no estado, como a oferta insuficiente de sementes, problemas de mistura varietal na principal variedade cultivada no estado, assim como a falta de estrutura de secagem e armazenagem própria dos produtores, ocasionando dificuldades na comercialização. Todas as culturas analisadas tiveram crescimento da produção de 1980 a 2001. A cultura do arroz apresentou crescimento da produção à taxa de 2,4% a.a., devido aos efeitos rendimento e localização geográfica, enquanto o efeito área foi negativo à taxa de 0,99% a.a.. A cultura do arroz foi a única a ceder área agrícola para as demais culturas (208.003 ha), na década de 1980. Os efeitos composição da produção (4,56% a.a.) e área (4,04% a.a.) foram os mais importantes na explicação do crescimento do valor da produção das culturas no estado no período de 1980 a 2000; os efeitos rendimento e localização geográfica também foram positivos. Esses resultados indicam que o crescimento do valor da produção decorre de uma alteração na composição das culturas, ao se substituir ou aumentar a área plantada com culturas mais rentáveis, e decorre também da incorporação de novas áreas, verificada na década de 1990. A elevação do rendimento (3,83% a.a.) indica o aumento da produtividade das culturas e o efeito localização geográfica (0,72% a.a.) denota a mudança de cultivo para regiões que apresentam melhores condições de cultivo, como solo e condições climáticas.The current study aims to describe the rice production system and to quantify its sources of growth in the state of Mato Grosso, while competing with cotton, corn and soybean crops, between 1980 and 2001. Great technological advances have been observed in upland rice growing, reducing productive differences between the upland and the irrigated rice. In face of these changes and the lack of information regarding the upland rice, studies showing these alterations in a systematized way are required. The shift-share approach was used to measure the sources of growth of agricultural activities, having as determining factors of production increase the area, yield, crop combination and geographical location effects. Changes in the cultivated area were quantified by the scale and substitution effects, in the individual analysis by culture. Cotton, corn, soybean and rice were the cultures studied, with emphasis to the last one. They were chosen due to the large degree of competition with rice in the utilization of the agricultural area. Despite the strong relation between rice and pastures, they were not included in this study. It is due to the lack of information regarding the area and the yield of pastures in those micro-regions, during the analyzed period. It was observed that the upland rice still has a stigma of opening up rural areas, for domestication of land and following substitution by soybean plantation or pasture. Rice growing is also related to pasture recovery and soybean rotation. Its relation with corn and cotton growing, in turn, is not as direct. Some obstacles to the development of rice cultivation in the state of Mato Grosso were detected. As examples: the insufficient supply of seeds; varietal mixture problems in the major variety cultivated in the state; the lack of drying and storage structures for the growers, which hampers commercialization. All of the cultures analyzed registered an increase of production from 1980 to 2001. Rice production grew at an annual average rate of 2.4%, due to yield and geographical location effects, while the area effect was negative by 0.99% per year. Rice was the only culture that transferred agricultural area to the others (208,003 ha) in the eighties. The crop combination (4.56% per year) and the area (4.04% per year) effects were the most important effects in the explanation of production value growth of these crops, from 1980 to 2000, in Mato Grosso. Yield and geographical location effects were also positives. These results indicate that the production value growth derives from an alteration in crops combination when the plantation is substituted or the area cultivated with a more profitable culture is expanded. It derives, as well, from the aggregation of new areas, as observed in the nineties. The increase of yield (3.83% per year) indicates the growth of these crops productiveness. The geographical location effect (0.72% per year) denotes a move of the cultivation to regions that present better growing conditions, as soil and weather conditions.
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Silva, Carolina Branco Alves. "Equity research - PVH Corp." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19482.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo desta dissertação é calcular o valor do capital próprio da empresa PVH, Corp. no final do ano de 2019. Este relatório segue o formato recomendado pelo CFA Institute. Foi realizada uma análise detalhada à situação financeira da empresa e à indústria onde esta está inserida, seguidas de uma avaliação FCD e por Múltiplos. A avaliação segundo os FCD resultou num preço por acção de $104.30, que representa um ganho de 18.90%, quando comparada com o preço corrente de $87.72. A avaliação por múltiplos resultou num preço de $98.89, 12.73% acima do preço corrente. Foi realizada uma extensa Análise de Sensibilidade de modo a compreender os impactos de múltiplas variáveis no preço final da acção, e os resultados indicam que este será à volta de $114.62. Este valor representa um ganho de 30.67%, quando comparado com o preço corrente. Para complementar a Análise de Sensibilidade, foram feitas simulações Monte Carlo para melhor compreender o impacto causado pelo WACC Terminal e pela Taxa de Crescimento no valor da acção. Os resultados apontam para um preço médio por acção de $111.93, representando um ganho de 27.60%, suportando o resultado da avaliação dos FCD. A probabilidade de uma recomendação de compra de acções ronda os 85%. A conclusão desta dissertação é portanto o aconselhamento à compra de ações da empresa.
The purpose of this dissertation is to determine PVH, Corp. equity value at the end of 2019. The main motivation behind picking PVH, Corp. was the insights and expertise gain in the Fashion Luxury Apparel Industry throughout a group work performed in the curricular unit of Equity Research. This report follows the research report format recommended by the CFA Institute. It was performed a detailed analysis on the company financials and industry sector followed by a DCF and Multiples Valuation. The DCF resulted in a share price of $104.30, that represents a upside potential of 18.90% when compared to the current price of $87.72. The multiples valuation resulted in a share price of $98.89, 12.73% above the current price. An extensive Sensitivity Analysis was also performed to access the impact of multiple variables, and the result point to a Price Target rounding $114.62. This value represents an upside potential of 25.16%, when compared to the current price. To complement the sensitivity analysis, a Monte Carlo Simulation was also performed to better access the impact caused by the Terminal WACC and Terminal Growth Rate on Price Target. Results showed a mean Price Target of $111.93, representing an Upside Potential of 30.67%, which is near the price target computed by the DCF valuation. The probability of a BUY recommendation is close to 85%. Thus, the outcome of this dissertation is a Buy Recommendation.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Chen, Stephen Yi-Chih. "Core capabilities and core rigidities in the multimedia industry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264906.
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Swarts, Kevin Michael. "Development of a stock cube with functional food characteristics." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/765.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2012The chronic diseases of lifestyle, tuberculosis and Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have a high prevalence in South Africa. These diseases are characterised by oxidative stress and a chronic inflammatory state that contribute to both the development and the acceleration of these diseases. Research into the phytochemical plant food components suggest that these substances could possibly play a vital role in the prevention of such disease. Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a waste product with an exceptionally high polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). This led to the suggestion that it could be utilised in the development of food products with functional food characteristics. Stock cubes, due to the widespread use among consumers of different socio-economic backgrounds, were identified as vehicle for the delivery of the CSL with its phytochemical content. This lead to the development of a stock cube utilising CSL as a source of phytochemical polyphenolic antioxidants with the micronutrients zinc, selenium and copper as added support to immunonutrition, along with iron due to the wide spread prevalence of iron deficiency in the South African population. The acceptability of the developed stock cube was tested by preparing savoury rice and pea soup and having blue collar (n = 50) and white collar (n = 49) participants rate the acceptability on a 9-point hedonic scale, ranging from “dislike extremely” to “like extremely”. The savoury rice received a 41% “like very much” rating followed by a 24% “like moderately” rating. The pea soup was rated even more positively as it received a 42% “like very much” rating and a 29% “like extremely” rating. In addition, among the blue collar participants, significant (p < 0.05 for each) findings occurred with a greater liking of the sample dishes prepared with the developed stock cube by participants of the ethnic Black grouping, with Xhosa as home language and being married, as well as those participants who habitually prepare the meals in the household. A significant (p < 0.05) finding with the white collar participants was a greater liking of the sample dishes prepared with the developed stock cube among those participants who would be willing to make use of a stock cube with health benefits. The developed stock cube was also subjected to six months accelerated shelf-life stability testing, reflecting twelve months real time storage. The parameters measured were microbial growth, oxidative rancidity, antioxidant status and organoleptic changes. All microbial growths tested remained within the acceptable specification ranges. Oxidative rancidity, measured as the peroxide value, was detected analytically at the fifth and sixth samplings, but was not detectable organoleptically. The antioxidant status, measured as the TAC and the total polyphenol content, remained relatively stable during the testing period. Though no noticeable organoleptic changes were observed during the stability testing, there was a darkening of the colour by the second sampling. The results of the acceptance testing, as well as the shelf-life stability testing, support the conclusions that the study objectives of developing a stock cube with functional food characteristics and it being received positively by consumers were achieved. Keywords: stock cubes; corn steep liquor; phytochemicals; consumer acceptance; new product development
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Crafford, Gerrit Jacobus. "Clients' views on construction and design team competencies." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/490.
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The effectiveness of the design and construction team in meeting clients’ requirements entirely depends on the competency proficiency of the design and construction teams. This research presents a model of the important competencies required by the design and construction teams in order to provide a competent service as seen by the client. A review of related literature followed by interviews by selected practitioners yielded 29 architectural competencies, 31 civil engineering competencies, 32 construction management competencies, 31 project management competencies, and 33 quantity surveying competencies that were presented in a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 52 developers from a census of developers and municipality managers in South Africa. Respondents were asked to rank or rate: the level of importance of each competency for a career in that specific discipline; how evident that competency is in the specific discipline in South Africa; the level of importance of the performance parameters to clients, and the extent to which the various disciplines realise client satisfaction relative to the various performance parameters. The techniques of re-scaling, principal component analysis, content analysis, ranking and quadrant analysis were applied to the data. Results showed a high degree of consistency among respondents in all disciplines, regardless of the demographic differences in the importance of the competencies. A factor solution was obtained for every discipline using principal component analysis on the important competencies of each discipline. The various factor solutions were in turn used to formulate a simplified model. The model shows that the factors are interdependent and interacting. The model indicates that primary competencies for each profession are supported by mostly secondary competencies. These factors v are in turn influenced by the inter-relationships between the practitioners, continued professional development/ research and universities, which are then in turn, influenced the governing bodies. The local and global environment then ultimately influences the governing bodies. An Importance-Evidence quadrant analysis was undertaken in order to integrate the rankings of the current importance levels and current proficiency levels for each discipline’s competencies, which helped to identify areas in which education and training is immediately needed. Respondents ranked all nine performance parameters above average which indicates that there are more than the traditional performance parameters of cost, quality, and time involved in satisfying clients. The research concluded that vital feedback from clients regarding the competencies required by the respective professionals in the design and construction team was obtained.
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Fortunic, Soriano Fiorella Yesú. "Planta de reciclaje con parque temático." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628081.
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El proyecto, es una Planta de Reciclaje: Eco Parque Tecnológico, para Integración de Población, Industria y Medioambiente. Esta planta es un plan piloto para ordenamiento de los residuos en nuestro país y un diseño adecuado de industria medioambiental, que tenga un espacio urbano para integración de la población con la industria, un edificio híbrido. El objetivo principal es el diseño de una planta de recolección, selección y separación de residuos, que incluya abrirse hacia la ciudad a través de espacios, áreas verdes, y que, a la vez, ayude a difundir conocimientos relacionados con el reciclaje y el cuidado ambiental, además de crear un vínculo más personal entre esta industria y el usuario, todo esto se logra por el diseño inclusivo personalizado del proyecto donde integra oficinas, industria y parque. Además, se mostraría un concepto mejor llevado de la arquitectura industrial, ya no se va a ver como la industria apartada de todo sino como la industria que está involucrada con un ambiente de enseñanza y recreación, además de ser ecológicamente amigable.
El proyecto es auto sostenible ya que se plantea una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales, con esto se tiene agua para mantenimiento de áreas verdes y para los inodoros de las instalaciones del parque, por otro lado, energía limpia para abastecer las instalaciones del proyecto y materiales de bajo mantenimiento e impacto ambiental.The project is a Recycling Plant: Eco Parque Tecnológica, for the Integration of Population, Industry and Environment. The project is a pilot plan for garbage management in our country and an adequate design of environmental industry, which has an urban space for integration of the population with the industry, a hybrid building. The main objective is the design of a waste collection, selection and separation plant, which includes opening to the city through spaces, green areas, and, at the same time, helping to disseminate knowledge related to recycling and care environmental, in addition to creating a more personal link between this industry and the user, all this is achieved by the custom inclusive design of the project where it integrates offices, industry and park. In addition, a better concept of industrial architecture would be shown, it will no longer be seen as the industry apart from everything but as the industry that is involved with a teaching and recreation environment, as well as being ecologically friendly. The project is self-sustainable since a wastewater treatment plant is planned, with this there is water for maintenance of green areas and for the toilets of the park facilities, on the other hand, clean energy to supply the project facilities and Low maintenance materials and environmental impact.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Smith, Arthur J. "Implementing Core Values in the High-Tech Industry." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/853.
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Previous research has indicated that the path-goal theory is an effective way to study leadership behavior; however, a gap exists in the literature with respect to its achievement-oriented and participative leadership dimensions in high-tech organizations. In this quantitative study, the effects of a core values intervention on the four leadership dimensions of House's path-goal theory were evaluated at a semiconductor manufacturer with a focus on the differences between supervisors and non-supervisory personnel. Data were gathered from the validated, company-developed Corporate Culture Survey that was administered pre and post intervention. Data were also gathered from a categorization task that sorted the Corporate Culture Survey items into leadership dimensions to form the dependent measures. ANOVA was used to determine whether significant changes in perceptions of leadership behavior by supervisors and non-supervisory personnel occurred on House's four leadership dimensions as a result of the values intervention. Results of a two-way ANOVA on the directive supervision subscale show an interaction between the pre-post intervention factor and supervisors/non-supervisory factor in addition to a main effect for the pre-post intervention factor. Analysis of the simple effects for directive leadership shows a significant pre-post intervention gain on mean score for non-supervisory personnel. Implications for social change include recognizing perceptions of enhanced directive leadership that can help remove manufacturing interruptions to increase productivity and decrease costs.
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Bustamante-Rivera, Katherine, and Adriana Ortega-Fernández. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de fideos integrales enriquecidos con linaza." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2015. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3214.
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En el presente trabajo de investigación se presentará el estudio de pre factibilidad para la implementación de un planta procesadora de fideos integrales enriquecidos con linaza.The current research job will describe the pre-feasibility study to implement a whole noodle production plant enriched with linseed.
Trabajo de investigación
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Barrientos, Ramos Nicole Jonika, and Cayetano Luz Milagros Tapia. "Modelo Lean Manufacturing de reducción de mudas aplicando el trabajo estandarizado para reducir la cantidad de productos con defectos en Mypes textiles." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653024.
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En la actualidad, la industria textil equivale al 7.2% del PBI de las empresas manufactureras y es el segundo grupo con mayor participación en el mercado, pues tiene un impacto significativo en la economía del país. Sin embargo, ha sufrido gran inestabilidad en sus ventas debido a la alta competitividad proveniente sobre todo del sudeste asiático, quienes han llevado consigo producciones de alto volumen con costos operativos por debajo del mercado, frente a ello, muchas compañías han optado por la tercerización de diversas etapas de la producción con la finalidad de disminuir sus costos. La baja productividad, la variabilidad de sus procesos, los sobrecostos operativos, los largos tiempos de producción, entre otros, son las principales causas de la brecha que existe en el sector y a las cuales se debe atacar. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta investigación es aportar a la industria textil con metodologías y herramientas que le permitan ser competitiva en el sector, logrando disminuir los sobrecostos operativos. Se analizará un estudio de caso real aplicado a una empresa denominada TEXTIL S.AC. siguiendo la aplicación del trabajo combinado que permita integrar mano de obra, método de trabajo y máquinas y con ello las mudas como los productos con defectos que incurre en gastos para la compañía. Los principales resultados permitieron concluir que las herramientas Lean son efectivas para normalizar el proceso y con ello lograr reducir la variabilidad y aumentar la productividad de una empresa textil.Currently, the textile industry is equivalent to 7.2% of the GDP of manufacturing companies and is the second group with the largest market share, as it has a significant impact on the country's economy. However, it has suffered great instability in its sales due to the high competitiveness coming especially from Southeast Asia, who have carried out high-volume productions with operating costs below the market, compared to this, many companies have opted for outsourcing of Various stages of production with the proposal of reducing their costs. Low productivity, the variability of its processes, operating cost overruns, long production times, among others, are the main causes of the gap that exists in the sector and which must be attacked. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to contribute to the textile industry with methodologies and tools that will be competitive in the sector, reducing operating costs. A real case study applied to an affected company TEXTIL S.AC. will be analyzed. following the application of the combined work that allows integrating labor, work method and machines and with it the changes as products with defects that incur costs for the company. The main results led to the conclusion that Lean tools are effective in normalizing the process and thereby reduce variability and increase the productivity of a textile company.
Trabajo de investigación
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Pickman-Sánchez, Selem, and Adolfo Hablutzel-Murga. "Estudio de pre-factibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de filtrantes de maíz morado para el mercado local." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3224.
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El presente estudio busca determinar la viabilidad comercial, técnica, económica y social sobre la instalación de una planta productora de filtrantes de maíz morado para el mercado limeño, usando las herramientas y los conocimientos aprendidos a lo largo de la carrera. El producto llevará el nombre de “Runakay” y se venderá en cajas de 25 sobres. El mercado objetivo está conformado por el segmento A – B de Lima Metropolitana, de todas las edades y de ambos sexos. De acuerdo al estudio, se proyecta para el año 2020 una cantidad de 876.466 cajas de filtrantes de maíz morado vendidas, a un valor venta a los distribuidores (supermercados) de S/. 3,70 la unidad y al consumidor final de S/. 6,06.This study seeks to determine the commercial, technical, economic and social viability of installing a filter production plant of purple corn to the Lima market, using the tools and knowledge learned throughout the career. The product will be called "Runakay" and sold in boxes of 25 sachets. The target market consists of the segment A - B of Lima, all ages and both sexes. According to the study, it is planned by 2020 an amount of 876,466 boxes of purple corn filters sold at a sale value to distributors (supermarkets) of S/. 3,70 each unit and S/ .6,06 to the final consumer.
Trabajo de investigación
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Bergeling, Gustav, and Zulkiflee Binadam. "Material Supply Chain in the Construction Industry." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43972.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the reason behind why it occurs a large number of pickups each year in the construction industry. In the case company alone, it occurs 160 000 pickups per year and an estimated loss of 50 MSEK. This thesis will try to investigate and explain why the pickups occur, and also what the underlying factors are that could influence the number of pickups. Methodology The data in the thesis was collected from semi-structured interviews with eight employees within the case company. We chose to interview four employees from the construction department and four employees from the construction service department. The reason to that was that different departments works differently to each other, and we wanted to know what the differences were. The employees all had management or supervisor positions and were based in different geographical areas. In the thesis, we applied a mix of content analysis and grounded analysis method. Findings The findings made during the thesis, were that the different departments work with pickups very differently when comparing to each other, one department had almost all their supplier contact at the beginning of the projects and didn’t require more supplier contact during the production. While the other department, due to their nature required regular supplier interaction which created an increase number of pickups. The main reasons behind the pickups were to inadequate planning and the organizational culture. Conclusion The conclusion provides areas where the company can improve on regarding the pickups and recommendation of how the case company can reduce the number of pickups, based on the gathered data and the theoretical frame of references. The recommendations were: enhance the supplier relationship, re-evaluate the contracts with the suppliers, education regarding planning and work-method.
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Espírito, Santo Edson Francisco do [UNESP]. "Comparação entre técnicas de secagem para a obtenção de biomassa de rubrivivax gelatinosus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94694.
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espiritosanto_ef_me_araca.pdf: 607997 bytes, checksum: b1cd5bfcd6380a159d28631a6bc8de1e (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A cor de um alimento é de suma importância para a sua aceitação, pois serve como critério de qualidade. Os pigmentantes, ao serem adicionados na produção animal melhoram a coloração dos produtos e a aceitação pelo mercado consumidor. Tais aditivos podem ser elaborados a partir de diversas origens, inclusive de resíduos industriais, e podem ser processados por diferentes técnicas de secagem. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar dois métodos de retirada de umidade da biomassa de Rubrivivax gelatinosus produzida em efluente de indústria de processamento de pescado, liofilização e atomização, em relação a rendimento do processo e recuperação, cor, composição químico-bromatológica e concentração de oxicarotenóides dos produtos. A bactéria foi cultivada nas águas residuárias citadas, sob condições de anaerobiose, temperatura e luminosidade controladas. Ao final do processo, a biomassa bacteriana foi processada por microfiltração e transformada em pó por meio de liofilização ou atomização. As técnicas não diferiram entre si em relação ao rendimento. A maior recuperação do produto (p = 0,004) e a mais elevada umidade (p = 0,0022) foram obtidas pela técnica de liofilização. As porcentagens de matéria mineral (p < 0,0001) e todos os parâmetros de cor (p < 0,0001) foram maiores para o produto obtido por atomização. Os outros constituintes analisados não diferiram significativamente entre as técnicas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, apesar de resultar em menor recuperação, a atomização foi um processo mais rápido que a liofilização, apresentou rendimento equivalente a esta e originou um produto semelhante ao liofilizado em relação à composição químico-bromatológica e pigmentante. Este novo produto pode ser alvo de estudos posteriores para avaliar sua aplicação como componente pigmentante de ração animal
The color of a food is parameter of acceptance, because it serves as a quality criterion for the consumers. Pigments are added to animal feeding in order to improve the color of the products and, so, its acceptance. These additives can be made from various sources, including industrial wastes, and can be processed by different drying techniques. This study aimed at comparing two methods of water removal from Rubrivivax gelatinosus biomass produced in the effluent from fish processing industry, lyophilization and spray drying. Parameters analyzed were: process yield, recuperation, color, proximate composition and oxycarotenoids concentration of the products. The bacterium was grown in the wastewater under anaerobiosis and controlled temperature and light conditions. At the end of the process, the bacterial biomass was prepared by microfiltration and dried by freeze and spray drying. No difference was detected for yield between the drying techniques. The higher recuperation of the product (p = 0.004) and the higher moisture content (p = 0.0022) were achieved with lyophilization. The percentages of ash (p < 0.0001) and all color parameters (p < 0.0001) were higher for the product obtained by spray drying. The other constituents analyzed did not differ significantly. The results showed that, although resulting in less recuperation, the spray drying process was faster than lyophilization, had the same yield and produced a biomass similar to the lyophilized one in relation to composition and pigment concentration. This new product can be subjected to further studies to evaluate its use as a pigmenting component of animal feed
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Albuquerque, Carolina Maria [UNESP]. "Clarificação de suco de laranja core wash por processo de flotação auxiliado por enzimas pectinolíticas e agentes clarificantes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90771.
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albuquerque_cm_me_sjrp.pdf: 2192673 bytes, checksum: 95c4d486da5e0308e967a8ea5475dd6c (MD5)A recuperação dos sólidos solúveis presentes na membrana central da laranja, separada durante a etapa de extração industrial do suco, normalmente produz um suco contendo de 5 a 6ºBrix e uma série de outros compostos insolúveis (cerca de 9%), muitos dos quais contribuem para a baixa qualidade do suco, sendo responsáveis pelo amargor e adstringência. O presente trabalho propôs-se a clarificar esse suco contendo sólidos recuperados, empregando um pré-tratamento com enzimas pectinolíticas seguido por tratamento por flotação por injeção de ar comprimido auxiliada por agentes clarificantes: bentonita, sílica sol e colágeno hidrolisado. Constituíram-se os objetivos: (i) a determinação das melhores condições (tipo de enzima pectinolítica, duas hidrolases e duas pectinases, e tempo de incubação) para a degradação enzimática da pectina presente; (ii) a determinação da melhor combinação dos agentes clarificantes visando obter um subproduto clarificado através do monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos (capacidade floculante e transmitância) e (iii) a avaliação do processo de flotação com diferentes concentrações de bentonita (500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L-suco-1 e pressões (490, 680 e 880 kPa) pela determinação do grau de clarificação através de monitoramento da transmitância do clarificado, pela determinação da velocidade de flotação/separação das fases, através da verificação das frações volumétricas das fases separadas (clarificado, sedimentado e flotado), em intervalos de tempos regulares durante o processo de flotação e pela análise do produto final clarificado. Os produtos clarificados foram analisados com relação ao conteúdo de sólidos solúveis e insolúveis, pH, acidez titulável, polpa, transmitância, cor (parâmetros L*, a*, b*) proteína, pectina total, sódio, hesperidina, polifenóis e bioflavonóides. Para o tratamento...
Core membrane of the orange fruit separated during the juice extraction step in the citrus processing industrial plant, is currently submitted to a soluble solids recovery process, normally producing a by product (secondary) juice containing about 5 to 6º Brix and other insoluble components (about 9%), which contribute to the juice’s low quality, since many are responsible for the bitterness and adstringency. This research aimed to clarify this by-product juice containing recovered solids, by enzyme pre-treatment with pectic enzymes, followed by a flotation treatment with compressed air injection using fining agents: bentonite, silica sol and hydrolyzed collagen. The objectives were (i) to determine the best conditions (enzyme type, two hydrolyses and two pectin-liases and incubation time) for the enzyme treatment for pectin degradation; (ii) to determine the best combination of the fining agents to obtain a clarified by-product through monitoring physical chemical parameters (flocculating ability and product transmittance); and (iii) to evaluate the flotation process and the effects of bentonite concentration (500, 1.000 and 1.500 mg L-juice-1) and saturation pressure (490, 680 and 880 kPa) by determining the degree of clarification through monitoring the product transmittance and by determining the flotation rate (and phase separation) through measurements of volumetric fractions of the separated phases (clarified, floated and sediment) over time during the flotation and phase separation processes. Both untreated and clarified juices were analyzed for soluble and insoluble solid contents, pH, total titratable acidity, pulp content, transmittance, color (parameters L*, a* and b*), protein and pectin contents, sodium, hesperidine, poliphenols and bioflavonoids. The results indicates a purified poligalacturonase as the adequate for the enzyme treatment in 1 hour, 45ºC, with 0,05 mL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Chire, Sarayasi Lino Antonio, Alzate Beatriz Elena Gil, Romero Ángela Zaida Paredes, Siccha Carmen Flor Salinas, and Montesinos Henry Sánchez. "Plan estratégico Delta / Signal Corp. 2019-2022." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2477.
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A nivel global, la importancia de la industria automotriz en la economía mundial por su papel como propulsor para el desarrollo de otros sectores de alto valor agregado, ha provocado que tenga como uno de sus principales objetivos el desarrollo y/o fortalecimiento de esta industria. Delta / Signal Corp. es una empresa constituida en 1992 en Ohio, dedicada a la fabricación y distribución de autopartes eléctricas y electrónicas para sus clientes, fabricantes de equipos originales (OEM, por las siglas en inglés de original equipment manufacturer).
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Malca, Pérez Carlos Daniel, Chacón Nathalie Ivonne Minaya, Romualdo Oscar Leonard Mondragón, Tapia Luis Ernesto Recines, and Picoaga Arlette Cynthia Ticona. "Plan estratégico Delta/Signal Corp. 2019-2022." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2573.
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El presente informe propone una solución al problema de desaceleración de ventas por la que atraviesa la corporación Delta/Signal al año 2018, mediante la formulación de un plan estratégico para el periodo 2019-2022 enfocado en el crecimiento comercial en el mercado estadounidense.
Actualmente, la empresa enfrenta a un entorno externo complicado, marcado por las políticas proteccionistas de la administración de Trump y las guerras comerciales con China y Europa. Sin embargo, pese a dichas políticas, existen oportunidades significativas en el mercado de autopartes electrónicas gracias a las tendencias del sector a la comercialización de vehículos eléctricos y la mejora de la conectividad de autos con su entorno; tendencias que implican una mayor demanda de componentes electrónicos.
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Cabeza, Izaguirre Julio César, Bellido Juan Carlos Calderón, Tamanaja Gustavo Miyashiro, Bellido Patricia Judith Paredes-Paredes, and Freiin von Hammerstein Gesmold Carolina Paredes. "Plan estrategico Delta/Signal Corp. 2019-2022." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2704.
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Del 2015 al 2018, se tomaron decisiones para implementar la estrategia de intimidad con el cliente, cuyos resultados se presentan en este documento. Con miras a dar sostenibilidad al negocio, se propone continuar con la estrategia de intimidad con el cliente durante el periodo 2019 al 2022.
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Batlle, Linares Oriol. "International Competitiveness of Wind Power Industry: : the case of GAMESA Corp. S.A." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91325.
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The modern lifestyle is highly dependent on the electricity consumption, which demand is expected to continue growing worldwide, especially in those developing areas where the whole economy is transforming. Until now, most of this electricity demand had been supplied through the combustion of fossil fuels or nuclear power. But the utilization of these energy sources to power the human activity is unsustainable because of limitless of the resources and the hazardous emissions and wastes that they generate. That is why since few decades ago thewind power became one of the best-positioned renewable energy in terms of costs effectiveness as a viable alternative to the energetic model based on pollutant fossil fuels. This technology was firstly developed and implemented on those countries with a traditional environmental conscientiousness, but as the global warming issue increased new countries were interested to use wind power as a clean and sustainable energy source. The growing wind power demand of developing countries has changed in few years the entire industry, because new local manufacturers have appeared thanks to the government renewable policy, which main objective is to develop a strong domestic wind power industry capable of lead the world transformation to a clean energy model. The thesis defines the most commons renewable energy policies, and focus in the policy used in China with the aim to analyze if it is promoting or damaging the expansion of wind power use because of the priority is protect its own domestic wind power industry from international firms. The conclusions are that those protectionist policies are useful in the early stage of the industry development but the government must know the exact moment in which these subsidies and supporting mechanisms become counterproductive. If those are used during a prolonged period, then companies become dependent on subsidies and don’t act like in free markets where the innovation is the key to gain and maintain sustainable competitive advantage.
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"Economic risk as an impediment to the commercialisation of maize production in Lesotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11262.
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M.Com. (Economics)Although, approximately 80 percent of Lesotho’s population is dependent on agriculture, its grain output has continued to decline in absolute and relative terms. Average yields per hectare of maize are estimated to have dropped by 42 percent in 2006/07. It seems maize production is randomly and systematically impeded to change from subsistence to commercialised production - aimed at producing market surpluses according to principles and motives vested in specific abilities and formalised in law. Agriculture’s contribution to GDP is approximately 16 percent. In order to address poverty, the trend should be reversed. In a complete study, all the possible contributions, including costs and benefits for agriculture, the significance of impediments in Lesotho will be investigated. This study, examines risk impact on agriculture production, income and returns. It is standard to assume economic related factors underlie an inability to produce satisfactory and sustainable agricultural production. This study tests the significance of such an assumption. This paper proposes that the ground for such an assumption, one of underlying economic factors being instrumental in an inability to commercialise maize production, will be evident in the source of economic risk and pricing. Product price premiums, as measures in off-setting systematic economic and portfolio risk, are reviewed. Self-insurance and diversification are key instruments in managing the systematic and specific risk facing the agricultural sector in general, and maize production specifically. If collaboration prevails along with partial compensation and/or diversification for risk, then economic risk may not be the only factor preventing surplus maize production, or the only supporting factor or commercial motive in maximising returns through maize production. The finding of the study is that economics in general and economic risk are not significant impediments to the commercialisation of maize production. This study is different from other research in this field in that it moves away from the standard assumption that economic factors are central in impeding commercial agricultural production research has also to be focused on factors autonomous of the economy but which effect economic outcomes like cultural impediments in developing economies like Lesotho. The study indicates, by analysing the higher moments (economic risk) of the stochastic nature in economics as a specific attempt to prevent any ambiguousness, that economic decisions are to a great extend motivated by factors other than economic factors in many instances in great and in increasing conflict with economic principles. This founds a motivation for a shift in focus and is the study’s contribution to research in this field. It also contributes to the on-going debate in South Africa as to the problems and underlying factors in the commercialisation of subsistence agricultural production in South Africa.
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"Temperature-based weather derivatives as a technique for maize production hedging." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12272.
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M.Com. (Financial Management)This paper investigates the use of weather derivatives in the maize production industry of South Africa. The history, users and mechanics of weather derivatives and maize production are presented in the study. This study examines, by using experiential design, the potential revenue for a control and a test group of farmers using monthly, actual maize production and weather observations for the period 2000 - 2010. This study suggests, with reference to the results, an option strategy that ultimately results in the hedging of maize output risk for the farms investigated. Limitations of the study are basis risk, liquidity, the difficulties in pricing of the weather derivative and finally the reticence of agricultural business to explore these hedging instruments in practise. In conclusion the study presents suggestions for further research into the wider application of weather derivatives into other industries, the exploration of the effects of weather on changes in crop yield and the effects of a hybrid maize crop and its possible resilience to weather changes. This study also demonstrates the weather effects on maize output and suggests a hedging solution to yield.
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Kumpa, Ladawan. "The economics of production and international trade of Thai maize." Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130862.
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Maize has been one of the important export crops of Thailand
since the early 1960's. The main maize producing areas of Thailand
are in the North, Northeast and the Central regions. More than 70
percent of the total production of maize is exported while the rest is
used domestically for the animal feed industry. The main countries
which import Thai maize are Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, the
Middle East, the USSR and China.
The remarkable increase in maize output during the past 20 years
has been due to significant increases in the area planted in maize
rather than the maize yield. Maize yield has been fluctuating without
any real growth trend. Maize yield has been largely dependent on
changes in weather conditions, variable inputs. The weather
conditions have proved the most important factor in the determination
of maize yield in all important producing areas of Thailand. The only
exception to that has been the Northeastern region where the variable
inputs have been the most important factor. At the same time, maize
yield in the Central region has fluctuated with weather conditions.
Although Thai maize farmers are responsive to price, estimated
price elasticity is low. Farmers in the Northeast region have the
highest price responsiveness. Maize farmers in the Central region and
in the North region seem to have lower responsiveness. Weather
conditions are also an important factor influencing the changes in
maize acreage as are competitive crops.
An estimate of import demand for maize, and more specifically for
Thai maize, has been attempted in four main maize importing countries;
Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. Because the price of maize
is found to significantly affect imports, an analysis of Thai maize
price based on the effects of the exchange rate and the cost of
production is attempted. Domestic demand for Thai maize has also been
looked at. The results of demand analysis indicate that the livestock
population in importing countries is the most important factor
explaining the import demand for Thai maize. This is followed by the
importing countries consumers' income and the price of Thai maize. In
the Singapore market price has no is not only dependent on its actual
price but also on the relative price from other exporters. Therefore,
in order to increase exports of Thai maize, it is necessary to lower
Thai maize price so that it can better compete with other exporters.
In the Japanese market, quality factors are also important.
To lower Thai maize prices, improvements in maize yield are
needed in order to lower cost of production per unit. This can be
obtained by increasing variable inputs such as high-yielding seeds,
fertilizer, insecticide and labour in maize production. This calls
for government assistance in yield improvement by encouraging the
private sector to produce high-yielding seed and educating farmers on
the importance of high-yielding seed, fertilizer, insecticide and
suitable production processes.
49
Kruger, Hendrik. "A suitable pricing strategy for hybrid maize seed in South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7676.
Full textAbstract:
M.B.A.A general increase in price elasticity on farming inputs as well as increasing pressure on South African subsidiaries of international companies makes it important for a well-planned pricing strategy. This is accentuated by the fact that pricing is normally done only once a year in seed companies in South Africa, and customers are unlikely to accept more frequent price changes. The aim of this study is to determine a suitable pricing strategy for hybrid maize seed for Monsanto in South Africa. The study has the following objectives: To determine through a literature study the factors influencing the decision to buy hybrid maize seed in South Africa. To determine the price range that producers would be willing to pay for typical hybrid maize seed products. To evaluate Mark-up Pricing, Target-Return Pricing, Perceived-Value Pricing, Value Pricing and Going-Rate Pricing and to determine the best method or combination of methods for the pricing of hybrid maize seed. To formulate a pricing strategy for hybrid maize seed for Monsanto in South Africa. Of the typical product characteristics, yield is the most important factor influencing the decision to buy a product. Products that are priced very high signal high quality to the customer. No significant price elasticity exists for low, medium or moderately high priced products. Grain quality and growth season length characteristics are of little importance in influencing the decision to buy a specific product. Customers want to have first-hand experience of a product, before being willing to buy a substantial amount of it. They need to confirm the potential of a new breakthrough product on their own farms and conditions, before buying it. The most important source of information is own experience, which consists of some form of farmer trial, followed by large plot trials conducted by seed companies. If an independent large plot set of trials is made available, it would be preferred over the large plot trials conducted by seed companies as a source of information to farmers. For products of average quality, farmers are willing to pay between R453.13 and R565.79, with an inelastic zone between R483.33 and R525.68 per unit of seed. For products of superior quality farmers are willing to pay between R555.56 and R686.36, with an inelastic zone between R591.67 and R652.27 per unit of seed. Monsanto employees generally underestimate the price customers are willing to pay for products of average quality, but there is a danger that they could overestimate the prices customers are willing to pay for products of superior quality. Sealed bid and negotiated pricing methods are not very suitable for pricing hybrid maize seed. Perceived-value pricing and going-rate pricing should be used for products of superior and average quality. For new breakthrough products, a market skimming approach should be followed and products should be priced very high, since an inflated price signals very high quality to customers. Monsanto needs more structured benchmarking with regards to competitor productions costs. A structured benchmarking approach for evaluating hybrid performance, pricing and market share is also discussed.
50
Zerbe, Noah. "International political economy and agricultural biotechnology : the case of Zimbabwe /." 2003. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR46023.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Political Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR46023