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Journal articles on the topic 'Corn maize weevil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bbosa, Denis, Thomas J. Brumm, Carl J. Bern, Kurt A. Rosentrater, and D. Raj Raman. "Effect of Blending Amaranth Grain with Maize Kernels on Maize Weevil Control during Storage." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 2 (2020): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13614.

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HighlightsMixing amaranth grain and maize is a promising pesticide-free method for controlling maize weevils in stored maize.A 1:1 mixture by volume of maize and amaranth reduced the number of live weevils by 66% after 160 d of storage as compared to maize stored without amaranth.A further reduction in live weevils could be achieved by completely covering all maize kernels with a layer of amaranth.Insect-infested maize-amaranth mixtures had reduced spoilage due to mold during storage as compared to insect-infested maize stored without amaranth.Abstract. Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is used as a vegetable, food, forage, and sometimes an ornamental. Amaranth grain has higher protein content than other cereals, making it a good choice for human consumption. Maize is among the three most widely grown grains in the world, but it can experience large postharvest losses during storage due to infestation by the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). Due to the small size of amaranth seeds, this study postulated that amaranth grain can be blended with maize during storage to fill the intergranular spaces between maize kernels, reducing the overall void volume to minimize maize weevil movements to access the kernels, and thereby controlling the maize weevil population. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on maize weevil control of blending maize with amaranth grain during storage versus storing maize alone. Three 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were loaded with 160 kg (353 lb) of maize, and three were loaded with a maize-amaranth mixture (1:1 by volume), all with initial weevil populations of 25 live weevils per kg of maize. Blending maize with amaranth for storage reduced the number of live weevils after 160 days by 66% compared to storing maize alone. Additional reduction of live weevils could be accomplished if the maize were completely covered by amaranth grain, further restricting maize weevil access to the maize kernels. Keywords: Broken corn and foreign material, Insects, Insect infestation, Mechanical damage, Moisture content, Postharvest losses, Relative humidity, Temperature, Test weight.

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2

Dix, D. E., and J. N. All. "INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MAIZE WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTATIONS AND INFECTION BY ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AND OTHER FUNGI IN STORED CORN." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.2.108.

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Thirty adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, were placed in six glass-fronted wooden grain storage bins filled with 7.2 kg of shelled corn at 14% moisture content. An auger plug containing a heavily sporulating culture of Aspergillus flavus Link was added to the center of three infested bins and three noninfested bins. Another three bins of corn were untreated controls. All of the bins were stored for 16 weeks at 24°C. Weevil-infested corn began significantly heating (2°C) within nine weeks and began losing weight within 12 weeks. The distribution of fungal growth, high moisture grain, corn dust caking, and maize weevils coincided, being initially restricted to the lower edges of the containers and gradually migrating upward. An unidentified species of Penicillium (bright blue) was observed sporulating within 11 weeks in weevil-infested bins. The bins containing S. zeamais lost an average of 2% of their initial wet weight, and increased in grain moisture and temperature by 20% and 5°C, respectively. Pencillium (bright blue) comprised > 95% of the inoculum present on kernels, however A. flavus comprised > 90% of the inoculum recovered from surface sterilized maize weevils. Increased mortality of teneral adults occurred in A. flavus-inoculated bins. Corn from weevil-free bins, whether inoculated with A. flavus or not, failed to support fungal growth, heat, or lose weight.

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3

Bbosa, Denis, Thomas J. Brumm, Carl J. Bern, Kurt A. Rosentrater, and D. Raj Raman. "Evaluation of Hermetic Maize Storage in 208 Liter (55 Gal) Steel Barrels for Smallholder Farmers." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 3 (2017): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12044.

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Abstract. Maize is an important crop for many smallholder farmers in the world. Maize weevils () cause a significant loss in quality and quantity during maize storage, especially in tropical regions. Hermetic storage of maize has been shown to be effective in controlling maize weevils in laboratory and field settings. The objective of this research was to test the effectiveness of steel barrels that could be used by smallholder farmers for hermetic storage. Six 208 L (55 gal) steel barrels were each loaded with 170 kg (375 lb) of maize at an average moisture of 13.4% w.b., with initial weevil population densities of 25 live weevils kg-1 (11 live weevils lb-1) of maize. All six barrels were stored at 27°C (81°F) under non-hermetic conditions for 120 d, corresponding to approximately three weevil lifecycles. After 120 d, weevil population densities had increased to an average of 99 live weevils kg-1 (45 live weevils lb-1) in all six barrels. Three of the six barrels were subsequently hermetically sealed. After an additional 30 days (150 days since experiment start), the weevil population densities were zero in every hermetically sealed barrel (100% mortality) and averaged 141 live weevils kg-1 (64 live weevils lb-1) in the non-hermetic barrels. All barrels where then exposed to non-hermetic conditions for an additional 40 days (approximately one weevil lifecycle). The barrels previously under hermetic conditions had zero live weevils, while the other barrels averaged 214 live weevils kg-1 (98 live weevils lb-1), demonstrating that all stages of weevils (eggs, larvae, and pupae) were killed. Means of barrel oxygen content, test weight (TW), moisture content (MC), temperature, and humidity were significantly different between the hermetically sealed and control treatments. In contrast, broken corn and foreign material (BCFM) and mechanical damage (MD) were not significantly different. Hermetically sealed steel barrels may be an effective maize storage option for smallholder farmers. Keywords: BCFM, Maize weevil, Mechanical damage, Moisture content, Mortality, Mycotoxins, Test weight.

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4

Dix, D. E., and J. N. All. "POPULATION DENSITY AND SEX RATIO DYNAMICS OF OVERWINTERING MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTING FIELD CORN." Journal of Entomological Science 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-21.4.368.

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Natural infestations of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) were monitored in selected corn fields located in each of five major climatic or edaphic environments of Georgia. The population density and sex ratio of each population was recorded on a monthly basis during the fall and winters of 1982–83–84. Females suffered higher winter mortality than males, resulting in increasingly male-skewed sex ratios (from 0.8/1.0 to 1.6/1.0) as winter progressed. The degree of male-skewedness was positively correlated with the amount of subzero weather experienced by each population. Surviving weevil populations decreased in size as winter progressed, with the greatest reductions at the higher latitudes. No weevils survived through spring north of 33° 57′N where winter weather extremes of −15°C occurred. No true diapausing stage was found; however, cold tolerance tests indicated that winter-collected weevils were significantly more cold hardy than laboratory-reared weevils.

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5

Arthur, Frank H. "Residual Efficacy of Cyfluthrin Applied Alone or in Combination with Piperonyl Butoxide or Piperonyl Butoxide + Chlorpyrifos-methyl as Protectants of Stored Corn2." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.2.276.

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Pioneer variety ‘3320’ seed corn, treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifosmethyl, was stored for 10 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia. Every 2 months the corn was sampled and bioassayed with maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Maize weevil survival on corn treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm cyfluthrin ranged from 39.5 to 76.0%, 4.0 to 29.5%, and 1.0 to 11.5%, respectively. Weevils did not survive exposure on corn treated with 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + chlorpyrifos-methyl. F1 progeny and dockage (ground corn flour and insect frass) in incubated bioassays were correlated with initial survival. Red flour beetle survival on corn treated with cyfluthrin alone or cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide was variable throughout the test, although survival at any bioassay usually decreased as the rate of cyfluthrin increased. However, no F1 adults or dockage was detected in any incubated bioassay from the 12 chemical treatments.

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6

Paneru, Ram B., and Resham B. Thapa. "Screening of promising maize genotypes against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulky) in storage condition." Journal of Maize Research and Development 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v3i1.18927.

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The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is a serious pest of economic importance in stored grains. It causes major damage to stored maize grain thereby reducing its weight, quality and germination. An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications to screen 32 maize genotypes against maize weevil in no-choice and free-choice conditions at Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur (Room temperature: Maximum 24-32°C and Minimum 18-27°C). The findings showed that the maize genotypes had different response to maize weevil damage ranging from susceptible to tolerance. The genotypes Manakamana-3, Lumle White POP Corn and Ganesh-2 showed their tolerance to S. zeamais as evidenced by lower number of weevil emerged/attracted, lower amount of grain debris release and lower proportion of bored grains, while the genotype ZM-627 was the most susceptible to weevil damage in both tests. The other remaining genotypes were intermediate types. This information is useful to improve grain protection in storage and varietal improvement/release program.

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7

Brown, Steve L., and R. Dewey Lee. "Effect of Planting Date, Variety and Degree of Ear Maturation on the Colonization of Field Corn by Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.2.137.

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A 3-yr study evaluated the effect of planting date, variety and degree of ear maturation on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motchulsky), colonization of corn in the field. Within each plot, paper bags were used to prevent oviposition during one of three consecutive 2-wk periods beginning at the 3/4-milk-line stage. Adult emergence from bagged ears was compared to that from unbagged ears. Maize weevil adults emerged from 15.6% of all ears tested. Numbers of adults emerging from infested ears ranged from 1 to 135 with a mean (±SE) of 11.9 ± 18.5. A greater percentage of Mycogen 7559 ears were infested than those of Pioneer 3167 or Pioneer 3146, and the infested Mycogen 7559 ears also supported the emergence of a greater number of adults. A significant planting date effect was found each year of the study, but the nature of that effect was not consistent. A significant planting date-by-year interaction may have been due to weather affecting the date maize weevils were available for colonization, or more likely, to interference from earlier planted corn near our plots that attracted the first overwintering weevils. Oviposition resulting in successful emergence was found to occur during all 3 of the 2 wk exclusion periods with the last period having the greatest impact on the percentage of infested ears and the second period having the greatest impact on the number of emerging weevils per 500 g of kernels.

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8

Thủy, Vì Thị Xuân, Lò Thị Mai Thu, Hồ Mạnh Tường, Lê Văn Sơn, Nguyễn Vũ Thanh Thanh, and Chu Hoàng Mậu. "Characteristics of defensin1 gene and designing structure to create resistant transgenic corn lines to weevils." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/2/9353.

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Plant defensins are multifunctional proteins, inhibiting the growth of fungal, anti-bacterial, altering membrane channels, inhibiting activity of trypsin and α-amylase. Plant defensin consists of 18 groups in which the group 1 includes defensins to inhibit either α-amylase enzyme or trypsin. Defensins bind to the active site of α-amylase in the weevil gut, thus inhibit starch digestion in weevils. In this report, we present the results of cloning and determining the ZmDEF1 gene sequence isolated from mRNA and DNA of Sonla province local maize and LVN99 hybrid maize cultivar. The coding region of ZmDEF1 gene isolated from some maize samples had the size of 243 nucleotides, encoding 80 amino acids. Gen ZmDEF1 isolated from DNA had the size 345bp consists of two exons and one in tron (102 bp). The nucleotide sequences of ZmDEF1 gene (DNA) of the samples have 6 positions nucleotide difference, on exon 1 has two points difference (position 43, 53), on intron has a difference (position 150), on exon 2 has 3 nucleotide site difference (203, 263 and 297 position). Deduced amino acid sequences of defensin of the Sonla local maize sample has 8 cysteines to make 4 disulfide bridges, while LVN99 hybrid maize has 7 cysteines, which can formed only 3 disulfide bridges. Transformation vector pBetaPhaso-ZmDEF1 has been designed successfully, in which ZmDEF1 is controlled by seed specific Phasoline promoter. The correct insertion and expression of ZmDEF1 was examinated in transgenic tobacco plants throught PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. These results provide an firm evident for using the designed transformation vector to produce transgenic maỉze lines with an improved resistant ability to weevils.

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9

Sedlacek, John D., Paul A. Weston, Bryan D. Price, and Patti L. Rattlingourd. "Survey of Insect Pests in Shelled Corn Stored On-Farm in Kentucky." Journal of Entomological Science 33, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-33.2.171.

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Shelled corn stored in metal bins was sampled for insects on farms in the three westernmost crop reporting districts of Kentucky during 1989 and 1990 to identify pest insects present, determine the relative abundance of insect pests, and determine their geographic distributions. Thirty-six species or species groups were found in this survey. The most abundant insects were maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky; Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier); flat grain, rusty grain, and flour mill beetles, Cryptolestes spp.; sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl); red and confused flour beetles, Tribolium spp.; and hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.). Greater densities and numbers of species were caught later during the storage season and greater numbers were captured from the center versus edges of bins. The unexpectedly high abundance and widespread distribution of maize weevil and Angoumois grain moth suggests that greater care needs to be taken to manage these pests because of direct feeding damage and the resulting increased susceptibility of grain to secondary insect pests (e.g., Cryptolestes spp., sawtoothed grain beetle, Tribolium spp., foreign grain beetle, and hairy fungus beetle, which were commonly found) and fungi.

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10

Setyaningrum, H., M. I. Munir, V. Bimantara, S. Mubarok, and I. Rohimin. "The Effect Fogging of Corn Kernels to Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Population." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 209 (December 19, 2018): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/209/1/012005.

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11

Arrahman, A., and M. S. Saenong. "Controlling maize weevil in corn plants by improving cultivation technology and postharvest handling." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012034.

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12

Tipping, P. W., K. L. Mikolajczak, J. G. Rodriguez, C. G. Poneleit, and D. E. Legg. "Effects of Whole Corn Kernels and Extracts on Behavior of Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 80, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.5.1010.

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13

Santos, J. P., P. E. O. Guimaraes, J. M. Waquil, and J. E. Foster. "Relative Index of Susceptibility To the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, Among Some QPM Corn Lines." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2006): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v5n2p159-169.

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14

Dix, D. E., and J. N. All. "Invasion Patterns and Sex-ratio Dynamics of the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infesting Field Corn." Journal of Economic Entomology 78, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 1072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/78.5.1072.

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15

Fagundes, Henrique Delevati, Rafael Gomes Dionello, Lauri Lourenço Radünz, and Francisco Wilson Reichert Júnior. "CONTROL OF MAIZE WEEVIL WITH APPLICATION OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH IN CORN GRAINS STORED IN DIVERSE TEMPERATURES." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 27, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v27i5.948.

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The insect known as maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the most important pests of stored corn in Brazil. Among the various forms of control, one can highlight the use of inert powders, which has advantages of not providing risk to the environment or to human and animal health, besides not having reports of insect resistance. Thus, this work evaluated the effect of different doses of diatomaceous earth on the development of Sitophilus zeamais on two temperature conditions on corn grain storage. A completely randomized design was adopted in a factorial 4x2x4 (diatomaceous earth dose x storage temperature x storage time) dosage, with three replicates. The diatomaceous earth doses were: 0, 250, 500 and 1000 g t-1 and subsequently stored at temperatures of 22 and 30°C for 90 days. The bulk density decreased during the storage for all diatomaceous earth doses applied, but in inverse proportion to the dose increment. Diatomaceous earth has proven better efficiency in the control of S. zeamais, with increase in dose and storage temperature. Dry weight decrease was observed in all doses and storage temperatures evaluated, but it was more pronounced in those grains that have not received the application of diatomaceous earth.

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16

Smith, Lincoln. "Temperature Influences Functional Response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Maize Weevil Larvae in Shelled Corn." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.849.

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17

Vieira Ribeiro, Arthur, Carlos Eduardo Almeida Luz, Cristina Schetino Bastos, Yann Schmidt Teichmann Krieger, Nathalia Henriques da Silva, and Weslley Brandão da Silva. "Toxicity of botanical and synthetic formulations to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 43, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5938.

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Maize is attacked by various pest species, including the key-pest of stored maize, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). This study determined the LC50 and LD50 of neem-based insecticides (AzaMax® and Natuneem®) in comparison to a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide (Decis® 25 CE) to S. zeamais. The bioassays consisted of insects’ exposure alone (topical application with microsyringe) and exposure of both insects and seeds treated simultaneously. The final bioassays used four to six concentrations of each formulation per bioassay, diluted in distilled water. The bioassays were run with the use of 10 non-sexed adults of S. zeamais per replication and mortality was assessed after 48 h of exposure. The data regarding concentration and dose-mortality were analyzed by probit analysis. Both LC50 and LD50 were used to calculate LCR and LDR’s and their respective confidence interval (CI). After using topical application, the bioassays yielded LD50-values of 51.32, 76.76 and 42.75 μL of AzaMax, Natuneem and Decis/g of insects, respectively. The bioassays with simultaneous exposure of both insects and seeds yielded LC50-values of 4.01, 4.46 and 0.41 μL of AzaMax, Natuneem and Decis/g of seeds, respectively. Regarding the fact that there were no significant differences between the LC50-values of the botanical insecticides, both of them can be used to manage S. zeamais infesting stored corn. The cost to treat maize and to obtain effective control of S. zeamais is cheapest for Decis<Natuneem<Azamax. The LC50-values found in our study would be equivalent to use 8.02, 8.92 and 0.82 L of AzaMax, Natuneem and Decis/ton of seeds.

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18

Tipping, P. W., J. G. Rodriguez, C. G. Poneleit, and D. E. Legg. "Feeding Activity of the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Two Dent Corn Lines and Some of Their Mutants." Journal of Economic Entomology 81, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.3.830.

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19

Arbogast, R. T., and M. A. Mullen. "Interaction of Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in a Small Bulk of Stored Corn." Journal of Economic Entomology 83, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 2462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.6.2462.

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20

Arthur, Frank H., James E. Throne, Dirk E. Maier, and Michael D. Montross. "Impact of Aeration on Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations in Corn Stored in the Northern United States: Simulation Studies." American Entomologist 47, no. 2 (2001): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/47.2.104.

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21

Smith, Lincoln. "Effect of Temperature on Life History Characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Maize Weevil Larvae in Corn Kernels." Environmental Entomology 21, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/21.4.877.

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22

Barney, Robert J., Bryan D. Price, John D. Sedlacek, and Maya Siddiqui. "Fungal species composition and abundance on stored corn as influenced by several management practices and maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Crop Protection 14, no. 2 (March 1995): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(95)92871-j.

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23

Pascutti, T. M., J. C. Guerreiro, A. P. Azevedo, R. R. Espessato, and P. J. Ferreira Filho. "Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) extracts bioactivity against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Scientific Electronic Archives 9, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/952016293.

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The insect attack is one of the main factors responsible for the loss of corn grain stored after harvest, thus sustainable strategies such as natural extracts can be used as cheap methods of control. This study evaluated the effects caused by Spathodea campanulata nectar extracts on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais to the preference test and mortality was used completely randomized design with 10 replications and treatments solutions of 0, 5, 10, 30 to 50% nectar under study. He noted that the preference index was lower in the first 3 hours of evaluation and the highest concentration of extract (50%), resulting in a possible repellent effect, but with the potential loss in subsequent evaluations. Already mortality was increased from the concentration of 30%, but the number of dead insects was low, indicating low efficiency. However, the percentage of perforated grains was reduced at the highest concentration and decreasing interfering insect feeding.

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24

Smith, Lincoln. "Effect of Humidity on Life History Characteristics of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae in Shelled Corn." Environmental Entomology 22, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/22.3.618.

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25

Ukpai, Oninye M., Briandavis N. Ibediungha, and Collins N. Ehisianya. "Potential of seed dusts of Jatropha curcas L., Thevetia peruviana (Pers.), and Piper guineense Schumach. against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage of corn grain." Polish Journal of Entomology 86, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjen-2017-0014.

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Abstract A laboratory evaluation was carried out to determine the efficacy and phytochemical composition of powdered seeds of Physic nut Jatropha curcas, Yellow oleander Thevetia peruviana and West African black pepper Piper guineense at different dosages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g) for the management of Sitophilus zeamais. Treatments were mixed with 50 g of maize and infested with 10 adult S. zeamais in 200 ml air-tight glass vials and kept under ambient conditions (25-30°C and 70-90 RH) for a period of 28 days in August 2015. The trial was laid out in a completely randomized design in four replicates. Results from data analyses showed that treated maize grains in storage recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean mortality levels of adult S. zeamais than the untreated controls. However, there were no significant differences in mean mortality of the weevil at 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAT, except on those stored only for 1 DAT. Batches treated with higher doses (10.0, 7.5, 5.0 g) suffered a higher total mortality of adult S. zeamais; this was significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared with treatments using smaller dosages (2.5 and 0.0 g). Phytochemical analysis of treatments revealed high levels of alkaloids, tannins and phenols in all the plant extracts. The flavonoid contents were also high in Piper guineense and Permethrin, but lower in Jatropha curcas and Thevetia peruviana. These compounds are known to possess insecticidal properties that may have been responsible for the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais.

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26

Arthur, Frank H., James E. Throne, Dirk E. Maier, and Michael D. Montross. "Feasibility of Aeration for Management of Maize Weevil Populations in Corn Stored in the Southern United States: Model Simulations Based on Recorded Weather Data." American Entomologist 44, no. 2 (1998): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/44.2.118.

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27

Arrahman, Ayyub, and Muhammad Sudjak Saenong. "SPICES PLANT AS BIOINSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING MAIZE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOSTCH) Pemanfaatan Tanaman Rempah sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Penanggulangan Hama Kumbang Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch)." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 39, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n1.2020.p1-10.

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<p>Indonesia has numerous and varied natural resources of spices plant which grow at almost all theregions. These plants can grow and adapt to the slightly diverse agroecological conditions and agroecosystems, from dry to wet. In general, the utilization of these plants by the community is still limited as ingredients and spices for culinary and flavoring instead of the potential of bioactive compounds contained therein. These resourcesare very useful and effective utilized asbioinsecticides to eradicate plant pests and diseases, as well as medicine for human. This paper discussed the benefits and efficacy of several spiceplants, namely lemongrass, shallots, garlic, sweet and chili peppers, clove, sand ginger (kencur), and pepper as herbicides at various levels of dosage and treatments. This manuscript also discussed the constraints and development strategies, and aimed to provide information on the science and technology in controlling the Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) pests in corn kernels during the storage period. It is expected that this paper would be useful for the policy makers, academicians, researchers and practitioners who have the competence to deal with beetle pest problems.</p><p>Keywords: Spices, bioinsecticides, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch), controlling</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman rempah yang tumbuh di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia sangat beragam. Tanaman ini beradaptasi pada berbagai agroekologi dan agroekosistem, mulai dari wilayah beriklim kering sampai beriklim basah. Pemanfaatan tanaman ini oleh masyarakat umumnya masih terbatas sebagai bahan rempah dan bumbu kuliner, penyedap masakan dan cita rasa, padahal senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk membasmi hama penyakit tanaman dan bahan obat kesehatan manusia. Tulisan ini membahas manfaat dan kemanjuran dari beberapa tanaman rempah, yakni tanaman sereh, bawang merah, bawang putih, lombok merah, cengkeh, kencur, dan lada sebagai pestsisida nabati dalam berbagai dosis dan ragam perlakuan. Kendala dan strategi pengembangan pestisida nabati bagi penggulangan hama kumbang bubuk perlu mendapat perhatian yang tidak saja untuk kepentingan masyarakat luas, namun diperlukan sebagai informasi ilmu dan teknologi penanganan hama secara terpadu.</p><p>Kata kunci: tanaman rempah, bioinsektisida, hama kumbang bubuk, pengendalian</p>

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Keever, D. W., B. R. Wiseman, and N. W. Widstrom. "Effects of Threshing and Drying on Maize Weevil Populations in Field-Infested Corn1." Journal of Economic Entomology 81, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/81.2.727.

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Throne, James E., James E. Baker, and Gene E. Scott. "Development of Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Corn Lines Resistant to an Aflatoxin-Producing Fungus." Environmental Entomology 24, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/24.4.944.

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McMillian, W. W., N. W. Widstrom, and D. M. Wilson. "IMPACT OF HUSK TYPE AND SPECIES OF INFESTING INSECTS ON AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PREHARVEST CORN AT TIFTON, GEORGIA." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.4.307.

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The use of plants that resist insects has been suggested as a potential means of reducing aflatoxin contamination in some crops. Dent corn, Zea mays L., germplasm possessing the characteristic of a relatively tight, complete husk cover and germplasm possessing the characteristic of a relatively loose, incomplete husk cover on the ear were evaluated for 3 years at Tifton, GA, for aflatoxin contamination. In two of the three test years, corn ears with tight, complete husk cover sustained significantly lower mean amounts of aflatoxin than ears with loose, incomplete husk cover following artificial inoculation with Aspergillus flavus Link spores. Ears hand-infested with maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), sustained significantly higher amounts of aflatoxin (329 ng·g−1) than ears infested with fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), (80 ng·g−1), European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), (71 ng·g−1), or corn earworms Heliothis zea (Boddie) (60 ng·g−1). Overall, ears in the check (inoculated with A. flavus only) sustained significantly lower aflatoxin (37 ng·g−1) amounts than ears from plots supplemented with insects. Although insects were not applied in the check plots, some damage was observed on the ears.

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Sone, Jin. "Heat Changes in Maize Storage Influenced by Compound Factors; Different Levels of Maize Weevils, Broken Corn and Foreign Materials, and Moisture Contents." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 3, no. 2 (September 2000): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60064-3.

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Beti, Jajuk A., Thomas W. Phillips, and Eugene B. Smalley. "Effects of Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Production of Aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus in Stored Corn." Journal of Economic Entomology 88, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.6.1776.

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Sone, Jin. "Mold Growth in Maize Storage as Affected by Compound Factors: Different Levels of Maize Weevils, Broken Corn and Foreign Materials, and Moisture Contents." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 4, no. 1 (May 2001): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1226-8615(08)60096-5.

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Throne, James E. "Life History of Immature Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Corn Stored at Constant Temperatures and Relative Humidities in the Laboratory." Environmental Entomology 23, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 1459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.6.1459.

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Arthur, Frank H., James E. Throne, and Richard A. Simonaitis. "Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Degradation and Biological Efficacy Toward Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Corn Stored at Four Temperatures and Three Moisture Contents." Journal of Economic Entomology 84, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 1926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/84.6.1926.

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Wen, Biran, Lincoln Smith, and John H. Brower. "Competition Between Anisopteromalus calandrae and Choetospila elegans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at Different Parasitoid Densities on Immature Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Corn." Environmental Entomology 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.2.367.

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Arthur, Frank H. "Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl for Control of Maize Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Red Flour Beetles (Tenebrionidae) in Mixtures of Treated and Untreated Corn." Journal of Economic Entomology 85, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/85.2.554.

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Cook, Don, Meg Threet, Jeff Gore, Whitney Crow, and Angus Catchot. "Performance of Selected Grain Protectants Against Maize/Rice Weevil in Stored Field Corn, 2020." Arthropod Management Tests 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsab013.

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Cook, Don, Meg Threet, Jeff Gore, Whitney Crow, and Angus Catchot. "Performance of Selected Grain Protectants Against Maize/Rice Weevil in Stored Field Corn, 2019." Arthropod Management Tests 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsab107.

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Nuessly, Gregg S., and Susan E. Webb. "Insect Management for Sweet Corn." EDIS 2005, no. 14 (May 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ig158-2005.

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Foliar, ear and root feeding insects can routinely cause economic losses to sweet corn if left untreated. The most important pests of sweet corn in Florida are the fall armyworm, corn earworm, lesser cornstalk borer, cutworms, corn silk fly, cucumber beetles, aphids, and wireworms. Less common pests of sweet corn include grasshoppers, corn blotch leafminer, twospotted spider mites, sap beetles, stink bugs, maize weevils and billbugs, white grubs, and white fringed beetles. This document is ENY-472 (which replaces ENY-449), one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2001. Revised September 2005. ENY-472/IG158: Insect Management for Sweet Corn (ufl.edu)

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Tang, Qingfeng, Yuejin Wu, Binmei Liu, and Zengliang Yu. "Infochemical-mediated preference behavior of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, when searching for its hosts." Entomologica Fennica 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84443.

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Behavioral responses of S. zeamais to odours from pulverized wheat, brown rice, sorghum, buckwheat, peanut and cork were compared in a Y-tube-olfactometerbioassay. Results showed that both sexes responded to host volatiles and males were more sensitive than females. The strongest responses to grains of wheat and brown rice were found, and insects reared on these were dramatically heavier than on other tested materials (grain sorghum, buckwheat, peanut and cork). Multiple-choices tests, in which volatiles from males that were removed from the wheat within different minutes were simultaneously presented in the chamber, were used to study whether males can release aggregation pheromone if not on the grain. The pheromone was released by males within about 13 minutes after removal from the grains. Responses to pheromones produced by males were skewed toward females although both sexes were attracted. Both sexes responded most strongly to the odour source comprising pheromone with host volatiles.

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