Academic literature on the topic 'Corn meal Fluid dynamics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Corn meal Fluid dynamics"
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Ivan, M., T. Entz, P. S. Mir, Z. Mir, and T. A. McAllister. "Effects of sunflower seed supplementation and different dietary protein concentrations on the ciliate protozoa population dynamics in the rumen of sheep." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 4 (2003): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-052.
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The effects of feeding a linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed supplement and different levels of dietary protein on protozoal numbers and fermentation parameters in rumen fluid were determined in an 84-d experiment with rumen-cannulated sheep. The experiment comprised four treatments, two with low crude protein diets [12% of dietary dry matter (DM)] and two with high protein diets (16% of DM). On both low and high protein diets, one treatment was without (Control) and one with the sunflower seed (high linoleic acid variety 6150) supplement (14% of dietary DM). The four diets used were based on corn silage and corn grain, and soybean meal was used to achieve the desired concentration of dietary protein. The sheep were fully fed each morning and rumen fluid samples were taken 2 h later on various days of the experiment (daily during the first 14 d for enumeration of protozoa). In addition, rumen fluid was sampled at different hours after feeding on day 43 of the experiment. Results showed a protozoa-decreasing effect (P < 0.001) of sunflower seeds causing a decline in protozoa numbers after 2 d of supplementation. The effect of protein on protozoa numbers was dependent on the presence of sunflower seed supplement. Measurements on day 43 showed increased protozoa numbers (P < 0.05) and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.001) due to higher dietary protein, and decreased protozoal numbers (P < 0.05) and ammonia nitrogen (P < 0.001) due to the sunflower seed supplement, without significant effects (P > 0.05) on volatile fatty acid concentrations. The linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed supplement was highly effective in reducing both protozoa numbers and ammonia nitrogen concentrations in rumen fluid. Key words: Rumen ciliate protozoa, sunflower seeds, dietary protein, sheep
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Salles, Márcia Saladini Vieira, Suelen Correa Silva, Luiz Carlos Roma, et al. "Detection of heat produced during roughage digestion in ruminants by using infrared thermography." Animal Production Science 58, no. 11 (2018): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16011.
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The present study aimed to establish the relationship of infrared thermography (IRT) with fermentation dynamics in ruminants, and to initiate the development of a method that allows associating these images with the heat produced during feed digestion. The experiment was conducted at APTA, Brazil. Twenty-four Jersey heifers (mean liveweight of 221.25 ± 59.41 kg) were subjected to the following treatments: 30R (30% corn silage and 70% concentrate), 50R (50% corn silage and 50% concentrate) and 70R (70% corn silage and 30% concentrate) in a Latin square design. The diet (corn silage + concentrate) was offered at 3% of liveweight from 0800 hours to 1400 hours. Infrared images were collected from the whole body on the left and right sides, from the eyes, from the left foreleg on the cranial and caudal side, and from the forehead. IRT images were taken at 2-h intervals for 12 h (from 0600 hours to 1800 hours) and 24 h (0600 hours of the following day) after the beginning of feeding and so on. Physiological parameters were obtained at the same time as the IRT were taken. Ruminal parameters were collected after 4 h of feeding. The thermograms of the right (P < 0.001) and left flank (P < 0.001) differed among sampling times, with an increase in temperature until 1400 hours and a reduction thereafter. The temperatures on the right (P = 0.037) and left (P = 0.017) flank were higher in animals consuming the 50R diet and lower in those consuming the 70R diet. When the 50R diet was offered, the heifers exhibited higher dry-matter intake (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.001), non-fibrous carbohydrates (P < 0.001) and total digestible nutrients (P < 0.001). A decrease in the concentrations of butyric acid (P = 0.042), isobutyric acid (P = 0.001), isovaleric acid (P = 0.019) and ammonia nitrogen (P = 0.001) in the rumen fluid of heifers was observed with an increasing dietary roughage level. Infrared thermography was able to detect differences in the body temperature of animals associated with different fibre proportions in the diets. However, the magnitude of these differences was small and further research is needed to investigate the application of IRT to the detection of possible differences in the body temperature of ruminants as part of the digestive process.
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Cobb, Bonnie F., Joseph Kallenbach, Clifford A. Hall, and Scott W. Pryor. "Optimizing the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Corn Gluten Meal." Food and Bioprocess Technology 11, no. 4 (2018): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-017-2052-7.
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Gvozdenac, D. D. "Analytical Solution of the Transient Response of Gas-to-Gas Crossflow Heat Exchanger With Both Fluids Unmixed." Journal of Heat Transfer 108, no. 4 (1986): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247004.
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The dynamic response of a single-pass crossflow heat exchanger with both fluids unmixed to arbitrary time varying inlet temperatures of fluids is investigated analytically. The initial spatial temperature distribution of the heat exchanger core is arbitrary as well. Analytical solutions for temperature distributions of both fluids and the wall as well as the mean mixed fluid temperatures at the exit are presented. The solutions are found by using Laplace transform method and special functions in the form of series of modified Bessel functions.
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Xiaohua, Li, Zheng Guo, Grecov Dana, and Zhongxi Hou. "Efficient reduced-order modeling of unsteady aerodynamics under light dynamic stall conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 6 (2018): 2141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018773628.
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In this research, a reduced-order modeling is developed to predict the unsteady aerodynamic forces under light dynamic stall conditions at low-speed regimes. The filtered white Gaussian noise is selected as input signals for computational fluid dynamics solver in order to generate training data, containing the information of reduced frequency and amplitude. Because of the time history influences, the reduced-order modeling combines the Kriging function and recurrence framework together in this approach. An airfoil NACA0012 undergoing pitching motions with different reduced frequency, amplitude, and mean angle of attack is designed to illustrate the methodology. The developed model can predict the lift, drag, and moment coefficients in seconds on a single-core computer processor. To reduce the prediction errors between reduced-order modeling predictions and computational fluid dynamics simulations, the aerodynamic loads in static conditions are applied as initial inputs. The predictions via the proposed approach are in agreement with the results using a high precision computational fluid dynamics solver over the designed ranges of amplitude and reduced frequency, which is suitable for engineering applications, such as fluid-structure interaction, and aircraft design optimizations.
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Giddings, D., C. N. Eastwick, S. J. Pickering, and K. Simmons. "Computational fluid dynamics applied to a cement precalciner." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 214, no. 3 (2000): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650001538353.
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This paper describes a study of the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the performance of a precalciner vessel at a cement works, In this vessel, limestone, held in suspension, is calcined to calcium oxide and the endothermic reaction is supported by the combustion of coal. Results are presented from a CFD model that contains all the essential features of the precalciner as operated when burning coal. The model fully represents the reactions and fluid dynamics of the precalciner. Previously unidentified features are illustrated. Certain key features at points in the precalciner, where some limited measurements can be made, are compared with the parameters indicated by the computational model. The measurements are consistent with the results calculated by the model indicating fair validation. The CFD data show the following 1 The gases undergo distinct recirculation. 2 The coal particles entering at one inlet have significantly different trajectories and temperature histories from those entering at the second diametrically opposed inlet. 3 There is 90 per cent completion of coal combustion at the exit. 4 73 per cent limestone in the raw meal is calcined to calcined to calcium oxide at the exit from the precalciner. 5 The highest reaction rate of the raw meal is closer to one side of the vessel due to interaction with the gas flows. Future work is proposed which, firstly, will provide further validation of the results so far attained by selective measurements on the precalciner and, secondly, will model the combustion and aerodynamic behaviour of waste-derived fuels in the precalciner vessel, commencing with shredded car tyre chips.
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MAHADEVAN, S., F. D. SAUER, and J. D. ERFLE. "PREPARATION OF PROTEASE FROM MIXED RUMEN MICROORGANISMS AND ITS USE FOR THE IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF THE DEGRADABILITY OF TRUE PROTEIN IN FEEDSTUFFS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 1 (1987): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-007.
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Mixed rumen microorganisms present in bovine rumen fluid were extracted with butanol-acetone to provide a dry powder which retained 75–80% of the proteolytic activity of strained rumen fluid (SRF). Sixty percent of the proteolytic activity of the powder was extracted with water and concentrated on an Amicon XM-300 filter to give a protease preparation which had about 30% of the activity present in the SRF. The protease preparation was used for the determination of the rates of feed protein degradation in vitro by incubating at pH 6.8 in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer and measuring the rate of amino acid (and ammonia) production by the ninhydrin method. The relative degradation rates of the true proteins from feedstuffs tested were: soybean meal > fish meal > linseed meal and blood meal > canola meal > corn gluten meal. Substituting Streptomyces griseus protease for the rumen protease gave results which were very different from those obtained with the rumen enzyme. The advantages of using the rumen protease over other in vitro methods and the practical applicability of the procedure are discussed. Key words: Rumen, protease, preparation, in vitro, feed protein degradability
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O'Hara, A. S., A. Tanner, T. A. McAllister, D. J. Gibb, F. van Herk, and A. V. Chaves. "Effect of low and high oil corn distillers' grain on rumen fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs." Animal Production Science 51, no. 8 (2011): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11023.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing a mixture of canola meal and barley grain in the diet with (low and high oil) corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) or wheat DDGS on rumen fermentation, feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits in lambs. Seventy Canadian Arcott lambs (24.7 ± 3.21 kg) were used in a completely randomised block design over a 14-week trial. Experimental diets were provided ad libitum as pelleted total mixed rations. In the treatment diets, canola meal and barley grain were replaced with 200 g/kg of dietary DM of either high oil corn DDGS, low oil corn DDGS or wheat DDGS. A positive control diet was added to match the lipid content of 39 g/kg DM of the high oil corn DDGS diet. An in vitro rumen digestibility trial was conducted using ruminal fluid obtained from three non-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Rumen contents were also collected from each lamb at the time of slaughter for testing in vivo rumen fermentation. Data from both the in vivo and in vitro results were analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The in vitro incubations revealed both corn DDGS diets produced less microbial N and microbial DM than control and wheat DDGS diets; however, this difference was too minimal to affect growth performance. Similarly, there was no dietary effect on (P > 0.05) on in vivo ruminal fermentation or carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.19) of the lambs. Lambs fed low oil corn DDGS had lower average daily gains (P < 0.03) than those fed either high oil corn DDGS or wheat DDGS however they did not differ from those fed the control. This research demonstrated that replacing canola meal and portions of barley grain with 200 g/kg DM of either high oil corn DDGS, low oil corn DDGS or wheat DDGS in finishing lamb ratios could effectively maintain healthy rumen function, growth performance and carcass characteristics.
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McKeown, L. E., A. V. Chaves, M. Oba, M. E. R. Dugan, E. Okine, and T. A. McAllister. "Effects of corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles on in vitro fermentation, growth performance and carcass traits of lambs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, no. 1 (2010): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas09084.
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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing a mixture of canola meal and barley grain with corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) at 20% of dietary dry matter (DM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation in bovine ruminal fluid and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs. Sixty ram lambs (22.6 ± 3.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments and given individual ad libitum access to feed until they attained slaughter weight. The control diet consisted (DM basis) of 54% barley grain, 16% sunflower hulls, 11.5% beet pulp, 10% canola meal, 2.5% canola oil and 6.0% molasses, vitamins and minerals mixture. For the three DDGS dietary treatments, 10% barley grain and 10% canola meal were replaced with 20% corn-, wheat-or triticale-DDGS. The source of DDGS did not influence (P > 0.51) dry matter intake (DMI) or average daily gain (ADG). Feed conversion (feed:gain) of lambs fed wheat DDGS was approx. 12% poorer (P < 0.05) than that of lambs fed control or corn DDGS diets. In vitro data suggest that the inefficient gain may have been attributable to greater (P < 0.05) ammonia concentration at 24 h and lower digestibility of wheat DDGS. Carcass traits, including hot carcass weight, body wall thickness and saleable meat yield, were not affected (P > 0.60) by dietary treatment. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat were also not affected by DGGS source (P ≥ 0.13). There was no treatment effect (P = 0.33) on concentrations of t11-18:1, but feeding triticale DDGS increased the concentration (P = 0.04) of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In conclusion, DDGS from corn, wheat or triticale can replace a mixture of barley grain and canola meal at 20% of dietary DM without adversely affecting DMI, ADG or carcass characteristics of growing lambs, although wheat DDGS may reduce feed conversion ratio (feed:gain). Including triticale DDGS may also improve the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat.Key words: Lamb, corn, wheat, triticale, distillers’ grains, performance, carcass characteristics
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Peixoto, Eduardo Lucas Terra, Mirton José Frota Morenz, Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca, et al. "Citrus pulp in lamb diets: intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 5 (2015): 3421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n5p3421.
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<p>This study aimed to evaluate the viability of replacing corn meal with citrus pulp (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % dry matter of corn meal) by evaluating several nutritional parameters such as intake and digestibility of nutrients, and ruminal fermentation parameters. The diets were formulated to be isoproteic with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Five crossbred lambs with an initial average weight of 26.1 ± 1.8 kg were used and distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. For digestibility of nutrients was carried out to feed, orts, and feces collection. The evaluated nutrients were dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, fiber acid detergent and lignin. Were determined nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions, and ruminal fermentation parameters (N-NH 3 and ruminal pH). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis (t-test; ? = 0.05). Citrus pulp inclusion in the diets did not affect intake and digestibility of nutrients, or the pH and the NH3-N content of the rumen fluid. Citrus pulp can be used as a total substitute for corn in concentrate or up to 26.5% in the total ration for lambs (dry basis). </p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corn meal Fluid dynamics"
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Xie, Wei. "Numerical analysis of corn flour melt flow in extruder die and extrusion of corn puffs with wheat starches /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946317.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Corn meal Fluid dynamics"
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Li, Han, Huhu Wang, Yassin A. Hassan, and N. K. Anand. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Two Parallel Rectangular Jets Using OpenFOAM." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61046.
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Two or multiple parallel jets are an important shear flow that widely existing in many industrial applications. The interaction between turbulence jets enables fast and thorough mixing of two fluids. The mixing feature of parallel jets has many engineering applications, such as, in Generation IV conceptual nuclear reactors, the coolants merge in upper or lower plenum after passing through the reactor core. While study of parallel jets mixing phenomenon, numerical experiments such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are extensively incorporated. Validation of varied turbulent models is of importance to make sure that the numerical results could be trusted and served as a guideline further design purpose. Many commercial CFD packages in the market such as FLUENT and Star CCM+ can provide the ability to simulate turbulent flow with predefined turbulence model, however, such commercial solvers may lack the flexibility that allow users build their own models for R&D purpose. The existing solvers in OpenFOAM are developed to fulfill both academic and industrial needs by achieving large-scale computational capability with a variety of physical models. Moreover, as an open source CFD toolbox, OpenFOAM grants users full control of the source code with complete freedom of customization. The purpose of this study is to perform CFD simulation using OpenFOAM for two submerged parallel jets issuing from two rectangular channels. Fully hexahedron multi-density mesh is generated using blockMesh utility to ensure velocity gradients are properly evaluated. A generalized-multi-grid solver is used to enhance convergence. Based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS), the realizable k-ε and k-ε shear stress transport (SST) are selected to model turbulent flow. Steady state Finite Volume solver simpleFoam is used to perform the simulation. In addition, data from experiments run in Thermal-Hydraulic Lab at Texas A&M University using particle image velocity (PIV) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) methods are considered in order to compare and validate simulation results. A number of turbulence characteristic such as mean velocities, turbulent intensities, z-component vorticity were compared with experiments. It was found that for stream-wise mean velocity profile as well as shear stresses, the realizable k-ε model exhibits a good agreement with experimental data. However, velocity fluctuation and turbulence intensities, simulation results showed a certain discrepancy.
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Kobayashi, Akihiro, Shuichiro Miwa, and Michitsugu Mori. "Analytical Evaluation of Debris Cooling and Spreading Behaviors at Molten Core in Severe Accident." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30035.
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On March 11, 2011, severe accident occurred at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and Units 1 to 3 of the plant have led to core melt. That is to say, melted fuel rods and core internals fell to the bottom of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). It is also believed that molten core has leaked into the reactor containment vessel. In order to plan for a safe molten core removal from the reactor, it is important to estimate the conditions of molten core by conducting analysis. Particular importance of the analysis is to understand the mechanisms of molten core spreading-cooling processes. However, sufficient understanding of this process has not been obtained yet. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate molten metal spreading-cooling phenomena and subsequently, estimate the conditions of the molten metal. In order to achieve the purpose, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for thermal fluid analysis, STAR-CCM+ was utilized. In the simulation of the unsteady two-phase flow, the volume of fluid model was applied for the spreading and interfacial surface formation of molten metal with the surrounding air. The key parameter for the molten metal spreading is the temperature dependent viscosity of molten metal. To assess the validity of this model, the analysis of the VULCANO VE-U7, molten metal spreading experiment, has been compared with simulation results.
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Bakhtiyarov, Sayavur, Ruel A. Overfelt, Amit Suryawanshi, and Johnathon Capps. "Numerical Simulations and Experimental Study of Hot Core Distortion Phenomenon in Aluminum Casting." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56510.
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This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies of hot distortion phenomenon in the phenolic urethane cold box systems. Dual Pushrod Dilatometer has been used to measure a thermal expansion/contraction of phenolic urethane cold box sand core specimens at temperature range from 25° C to 800° C. The high temperature tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of the phenolic urethane cold box silica sand cores is significantly affected by the bench life, temperature and binders level. High temperature hot distortion furnace tests on cylindrical cores showed that some aluminum coatings increase the temperature limit when distortion starts, but can’t prevent it. The hot distortion test aluminum castings showed that regardless of the application of coating, the type of coating, and anti-veining additives, all cores (silica sand) with density less than the density of the molten metal (aluminum alloy) were significantly distorted. Numerical simulations of the liquid metal flow around the cylindrical sand core and analysis of dynamic forces acting on the core during fill process showed that a buoyancy force is the major contributor to the hot distortion. It is concluded that the one of the solutions in preventing the hot distortion of sand cores is increasing their weigh, which will balance the buoyancy force and will bring the resultant force to the minimum. The hot distortion test castings using zircon sand cores (both coated and non-coated) with density almost equal to the density of the molten aluminum proved our predictions, and hot distortion has been prevented.
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Hamblin, M., D. Murray, D. Maynes, and A. Hawkins. "Transient Filling of Sacrificially Etched Nanochannels by Capillarity." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78548.
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In this paper we present results of an experimental investigation that explores the transient filling of nanochannels due to capillarity. The nanochannels explored here were fabricated using sacrificial metal cores and were designed to mimic the parallel-plate channel geometry. Channels of heights ranging from 41 to 91 nm were utilized in the experimental program and both aluminum and chromium were utilized as the sacrificial metal from which the channels were formed. The filling dynamics of channels that were closed on one end were also explored. The data reveal that the channels fabricated with aluminum as the sacrificial core yield marked departure from expected behavior, with the apparent frictional constant significantly elevated above classical values. Potential reasons for the departure are discussed. Channels fabricated with chromium cores result in behavior that yields much less deviation from anticipated Stokes flow behavior. However, for these channels the meniscus speed is observed to vary markedly across the channels transverse width. Channels that are closed on one end yield behavior that is significantly different from the open-ended channel results. Here the meniscus becomes destabilized as it approaches the capped channel end and the trapped air becomes entrained by the liquid and dispersed without evidence of bubble existence.
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Oh, Keon-Je, and Tim Colonius. "Large Eddy Simulation of the Compressible Flow Over an Open Cavity." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31352.
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Large eddy simulation is used to investigate the compressible flow over a open cavity. The sub-grid scale stresses are modeled using the dynamic model. The compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the sixth order accurate compact finite difference scheme in the space and the 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme in the time. The buffer zone techniques are used for non-reflecting boundary conditions. The results show a typical flow pattern of the shear layer mode of oscillation over the cavity. The votical disturbances, the roll-up of vorticity, and impingement and scattering of vorticity at the downstream cavity edge can be seen in the shear layer, while the flow inside the cavity is relatively quiescent. The predicted acoustic resonant frequencies are in good agreement with those of the empirical formula. The mean flow streamlines are nearly horizontal along the mouth of the cavity. The pressure has its minimum value in the vortex core inside the cavity. The variation of the model coefficient predicted by the dynamic model is quite large between 0 and 0.3. The model coefficient increases in the stream-wise evolution of the shear layer and sharply decreases near the wall due to the wall effect.
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Guo, Liancheng, Koji Morita, Hirotaka Tagami, and Yoshiharu Tobita. "Validation of a 3D Hybrid CFD-DEM Method Based on a Self-Leveling Experiment." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30618.
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The postulated core disruptive accidents (CDAs) are regarded as particular difficulties in the safety analysis of liquid-metal fast reactors (LMFRs). In the CDAs, core debris may settle on the core-support structure and form conic bed mounds. Heat convection and vaporization of coolant sodium will level the debris bed, which is named “self-leveling behavior” of debris bed. To reasonably simulate such transient behavior, as well as thermal-hydraulic phenomena occurring during a CDA, a comprehensive computational tool is needed. The SIMMER code is a successful computer code developed as an advanced tool for CDA analysis of LMFRs. It is a multi-velocity-field, multiphase, multicomponent, Eulerian, fluid dynamics code coupled with a fuel-pin model and a space- and energy-dependent neutron kinetics model. Until now, the code has been successfully applied to simulations of key thermal-hydraulic phenomena involved in CDAs as well as reactor safety assessment. However, strong interactions among rich solid particles as well as particle characteristics in multiphase flows were not taken into consideration for its fluid-dynamics models. Therefore, a hybrid computational method was developed by combining the discrete element method (DEM) with the multi-fluid models to reasonably simulate the particle behaviors, as well as the thermal-hydraulic phenomena of multiphase fluid flows. In this study, 3D numerical simulation of a simplified self-leveling experiment is performed using the hybrid method. Reasonable agreement between simulation results and corresponding experimental data demonstrated the validity of the present method in simulating the self-leveling behavior of debris bed.
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Guo, LianCheng, Shuai Zhang, Koji Morita, and Kenji Fukuda. "Numerical Simulation of 3D Liquid Sloshing Motion With Solid Particles Using Finite Volume Particle Method." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29617.
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Sloshing dynamics of a molten core is one of the fundamental behaviors in core disruptive accidents of a liquid-metal cooled reactor. In addition, solid particle-liquid mixture comprising molten fuel, molten structure, refrozen fuel, solid fuel pellets, etc. could lead to damping of its flowing process in a disrupted core. The objective of the present study is to investigate the applicability of the finite volume particle method (FVP), which is one of the moving particle methods, to 3D motion of liquid sloshing processes measured in a series of experiments. In the first part of this study, a typical sloshing experiment of single liquid phase is simulated to verify the present 3D FVP method for sloshing characteristics that include free surface behaviors. Second, simulations of sloshing problems with solid particles are performed to validate the applicability of the FVP method to the 3D motion of solid particle-liquid mixture flows. Some good agreements between the simulation and its corresponding experiment demonstrate applicability of the present FVP method to 3D fluid dynamics of liquid sloshing flow with solid particles.
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Tianxing, Zhang, Nabil Kharoua, Lyes Khezzar, Mohamed Alshehhi, and Shrinivas Bojanampati. "Experiments and Large Eddy Simulation of Swirling Flow in a Pipe." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83067.
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Swirling flows in pipes are encountered in several industrial applications for separation or mixing purposes. In this work turbulent swirling flow is generated using a new swirl generator in the form of thick-walled pipe with multi-radial holes which is lodged inside a larger cylindrical housing, called the Swirl Cage. The swirling flow exiting from the Swirl Cage feeds into a long pipe where the Reynolds number based on the pipe diameter and average velocity is equal to 40836.67. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used to calculate the swirling flow and explore its characteristics in conjunction with the Dynamic Kinetic Energy Subgrid-Scale model. Experiments were conducted using LDV and the results are used for validation purposes and for the discussion of the flow features. The results are discussed in relation with the mean fluid velocity and its RMS component. Profiles of the mean tangential velocity reveal a Rankine vortex swirling flow type along the whole axial distance. The core flow was slightly oscillating exhibiting a processing vortex behavior reflected by the radial velocities at the centerline. The profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy were characterized by a peak at the centerline increasing in magnitude with the axial distance. The swirl number decayed from 1.5 right at the outlet of the swirl cage to unity close to the outlet of the pipe.
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Guo, Liancheng, Koji Morita, Hirotaka Tagami, and Yoshiharu Tobita. "Numerical Simulation of Self-Leveling Behavior in Debris Bed by a Hybrid Method." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15483.
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The postulated core disruptive accidents (CDAs) are regarded as particular difficulties in the safety analysis of liquid-metal fast reactors (LMFRs). In the CDAs, the self-leveling behavior of debris bed is a crucial issue to the relocation of molten core and heat-removal capability of the debris bed. The fast reactor safety analysis code, SIMMER-III, which is a 2D, multi-velocity-field, multiphase, multicomponent, Eulerian, fluid dynamics code coupled with a fuel-pin model and a space- and energy-dependent neutron kinetics model, was successfully applied to a series of CDA assessments. However, strong interactions among rich solid particles as well as particle characteristics in multiphase flows were not taken into consideration for fluid-dynamics models of SIMMER-III. In this article, a developed hybrid method, by coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with the multi-fluid model of SIMMER-III, is applied in the numerical simulation of self-leveling behavior in debris bed. In the coupling algorithm the motions of gas and liquid phases are solved by a time-factorization (time-splitting) method. For particles, contact forces among particles and interactions between particles and fluid phases are considered through DEM. The applicability of the method in such complicate three phase flow is validated by taking the simulation of a simplified self-leveling experiment in literature. Reasonable agreement between simulation results and corresponding experimental data shows that the present method could provide a promising means for the analysis of self-leveling behavior of debris bed in CDAs.
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Miorini, Rinaldo L., Huixuan Wu, David Tan, and Joseph Katz. "Three-Dimensional Structure and Turbulence Within the Tip Leakage Vortex of an Axial Waterjet Pump." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-06052.
Full textAbstract:
The flow structure and dynamics of turbulence are investigated by means of three-dimensional stereo particle image velocimetry (Stereo-PIV) measurements within the tip leakage vortex (TLV) of an axial waterjet pump rotor. Both the blades and casing of the pump are transparent and their optical refractive indices are matched with that of the pumped fluid, providing unobstructed optical access to the sample area without image distortion. Data are acquired on selected meridional planes in the rotor passage as well as in three-dimensional domains obtained by stacking closely-spaced planes situated within the rotor passage. Presented data have been sampled in one of these 3D regions, at 67% of the blade tip chordlength. All components of velocity and vorticity are calculated, together with the whole strain-rate and Reynolds stress tensors. The entire set of contributors to the turbulence production-rate is also available. The TLV and associated flow structures are completely 3D and change significantly along the blade tip chordwise direction. The vortex originates from the rollup of a multi-layered tip leakage flow, and propagates within the rotor passage towards the neighboring blade. Because of layered backflow rollup, vorticity entrained in the TLV is convected along different paths and re-oriented several times within the vortex. As a result, the TLV consists of a core surrounded by a tube of three-dimensional vorticity that wraps around it helically. Propagation of tip leakage backflow into the passage and subsequent TLV rollup also cause flow separation at the casing endwall with ejection of boundary layer vorticity that is finally entrained into the outer perimeter of the TLV. This complex TLV flow dominates the tip region of the rotor and involves non-uniform distributions of strain-rate and Reynolds stresses resulting in well-defined peaks of turbulence production-rate. For instance, turbulence is produced locally both at the flow contraction point near the region of aforementioned endwall separation and in the shear layer that connects the vortex with the suction side corner of the blade tip. The spatial inhomogeneity of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) distribution within the TLV, and the mismatch between locations of TKE and production-rate peaks can be explained by analyzing the 3D mean flow advection of turbulence, for example from the region of endwall boundary layer separation towards the outer region of the TLV. In addition to being spatially non-uniform, turbulence is also anisotropic in both the shear layer and periphery of the TLV. Conversely, turbulence is intense and relatively isotropic near the TLV core, as well as monotonically increasing along the vortex centerline. This trend cannot be described solely in terms of local production of turbulence; it must also involve slow turbulence dissipation associated with the meandering of relatively large-size, interlaced vortex filaments in the TLV core region.