Academic literature on the topic 'Coronary arteries – Anatomy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coronary arteries – Anatomy"
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Kurosawa, Hiromi, Yasuharu Imai, and Masaaki Kawada. "Coronary arterial anatomy in regard to the arterial switch procedure." Cardiology in the Young 1, no. 1 (January 1991): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100000093.
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SummarySince the success of the arterial switch procedure is dependent on the successful translocation of the coronary arteries, a thorough understanding of the anatomic variations of the coronary arteries is essential. We reviewed the anatomy of the coronary arteries encountered in 140 consecutive cases undergoing the arterial switch procedure for complete transposition at the Heart Institute of Japan. The anatomic variations, described using the Shaher and Puddu classification, varied significantly, requiring alteration in the surgical technique.
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Kulkarni, JyotiP. "Variant anatomy of coronary arteries." Heart India 1, no. 2 (2013): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-449x.118582.
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Lee, Wen-Jeng. "Segmental Anatomy of Coronary Arteries." Radiology 244, no. 1 (July 2007): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2441061365.
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Freire, Grace, and Michelle S. Miller. "Echocardiographic evaluation of coronary arteries in congenital heart disease." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 8 (December 2015): 1504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115002000.
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AbstractAmong populations of patients with the congenital heart disease, there is considerable diversity in the anatomy of the coronary arteries. Understanding these anatomical differences is vitally important in directing interventions and surgical repair. In this report, the authors describe the echocardiographic evaluation of the variants of coronary artery anatomy in the following lesions: transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, double-inlet left ventricle, common arterial trunk, tetralogy of Fallot, and double-outlet right ventricle.
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McMahon, Colin J., Howaida G. El Said, Timothy F. Feltes, Carmen H. Watrin, Beth A. Hess, and Charles D. Fraser. "Preoperative identification of coronary arterial anatomy in complete transposition, and outcome after the arterial switch operation." Cardiology in the Young 12, no. 3 (May 2002): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951102000537.
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Background: Perceived correlation between the coronary arterial anatomy in patients with complete transposition, and the outcome of the arterial switch procedure, has made preoperative identification of their patterns standard practice. Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the accuracy of preoperative echocardiographic identification of coronary arterial patterns, to evaluate the necessity of preoperative imaging by angiography, and to determine the impact of the coronary arterial anatomy on outcome. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients referred for an arterial switch operation between August 1995 and January 2000. The anatomy as described at the time of the operation using the Leiden convention was compared to the preoperative echocardiographic and angiographic findings. Results: The procedure had been performed in 67 patients, at a mean age of 9 days, with a range from 3 days to 15 months. In 42 patients, the ventricular septum was intact, while 21 patients had a ventricular septal defect, and the other four had double outlet right ventricle with the aorta anterior and rightward. In 52 patients, the left coronary artery arose from sinus #1, and the right from sinus #2. In 8 patients, the interventricular branch of the left coronary artery arose from sinus #1, with the circumflex coronary artery arising together with the right coronary artery from sinus #2. In three patients, all three coronary arteries arose from sinus #1, while in the remaining individual patients, a large conal branch arose with the left coronary artery from sinus #1, the right coronary and left anterior descending arteries arose from sinus #1, all three coronary arteries took origin from sinus #2, and the left anterior descending and right coronary artery arose from sinus #1 with no circumflex coronary artery identifiable, respectively. In two patients (4%), we identified an intramural coronary arterial course. Echocardiography and angiography were comparable (81% versus 86%) in delineating the coronary arterial anatomy. Patients with a single arterial orifice, or an atypical coronary arterial anatomy, had a slightly longer stay on the intensive care unit, and in the hospital, but showed no difference in mortality. In fact, there was no early mortality (70% confidence limits; 0–2.9%), while two patients died late (2.9%). Conclusion: We conclude that complex coronary arterial anatomy does not preclude a successful arterial switch procedure, although patients with a single coronary artery, or other arterial patterns, had a slightly longer hospital course. Preoperative echocardiographic evaluation is comparable to non-selective coronary angiography. Irrespective of complexity, nonetheless, the coronary arteries can successfully be translocated, obviating the need for preoperative coronary angiography.
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Muyldermans, Luc L. C. M., Paul A. C. B. M. v. d. Heuvel, and Sjef M. P. G. Ernst. "Epicardial crossing of coronary arteries: a variation of coronary arterial anatomy." International Journal of Cardiology 7, no. 4 (April 1985): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(85)90097-x.
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Pidvalna, U. Ye, and L. R. Mateshuk-Vatseba. "Coronary arteries: normal, variant anatomy, anomalies (literature review)." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(3)-25.
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Annotation. Qualitative analysis of the condition of the coronary arteries requires an understanding of the anatomy, histology, embryology, and topographic anatomy of the coronary arteries. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search for information. The search results were 10 Ukrainian-language and 31 English-language sources, of which 25 met the conditions of the query. Normally, the heart is supplied with blood by the right and left coronary arteries, which originate from the corresponding coronary sinuses of the aorta. Variants and anomalies of coronary artery discharge are the result of disturbances in morphogenic processes at different periods of intrauterine development. The source of development of coronary arteries is the cells of the coelomic epithelium of the transverse septum. The cells of the capillary plexus surrounding the aortic bulb form the orifice of the coronary arteries by penetrating the aortic wall. In violation of the processes of embryogenesis, dislocation of the formation of the orifices occurs. Possible abnormal discharge of the coronary arteries from the branches of the aortic arch, pulmonary trunk or pulmonary arteries, left ventricle, internal thoracic artery. The article presents data on the norm, variants and abnormalities of coronary artery discharge, as well as a brief description of the embryology and histology of the coronary arteries.
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Anderson, Robert H., Ing-Sh Chiu, Diane E. Spicer, and Anthony J. Hlavacek. "Understanding coronary arterial anatomy in the congenitally malformed heart." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 6 (December 2012): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112001485.
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AbstractWith the development of three-dimensional techniques for imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to demonstrate the precise sinusal origin and epicardial course of the coronary arteries with just as much accuracy as can be achieved by the morphologist holding the heart in his or her hands. At present, however, there is no universally accepted convention for categorising the various patterns found when the heart is congenitally malformed. In this review, we show how, to provide such a convention, it is necessary to take note not only of the sinusal origin of the three major coronary arteries, but also the relationship of the aortic root relative to the cardiac base. We summarise the evidence showing how the proximal portions of the developing coronary arteries grow into the aortic valvar sinuses subsequent to the separation of the aortic root from the subpulmonary infundibulum. We also discuss the evidence showing that the subpulmonary myocardium is impervious to the passage of epicardial coronary arteries, and suggest that the process of septation itself plays an integral role in guiding the arteries into the two aortic sinuses that are adjacent to the pulmonary root. We then show how marriage of convenience between the epicardial coronary arteries and the aortic valvar sinuses provides a good explanation for the known variations found in the setting of transposition. We point out that it is the absence of septation that likely governs the patterns seen in the setting of a common arterial trunk.
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Wendel, Martina, Wolfgang Kummer, Lilla Knels, Joachim Schmeck, and Thea Koch. "Muscular ETB Receptors Develop Postnatally and Are Differentially Distributed in Specific Segments of the Rat Vasculature." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 2 (February 2005): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.4a6474.2005.
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The endothelin/endothelin-receptor system is a key player in the regulation of vascular tone in mammals. We raised and characterized an antiserum against rat ETB receptor and investigated the distribution of ETB receptors in different vascular beds during postnatal development (day 0 through day 28) and in the adult rat. We report the tissue-specific and age-dependent presence of vasoconstrictor ETB receptors. At the time of birth, vascular smooth muscle cells from all tissues examined did not exhibit ETB receptor immunoreactivity. The occurrence of ETB receptor immunoreactivity in the postnatal development was time dependent and started in small coronary and meningeal arteries at day 5, followed by small mesenteric arteries as well as brachial artery and vein at day 14. At day 21, ETB receptors were present in the media of muscular segments of pulmonary artery, large coronary arteries, and intracerebral arterioles. At day 28, ETB receptor immunoreactivity was evident in interlobular renal arteries, vas afferens, and efferens. Large renal arteries, mesenteric artery, and elastic segments of pulmonary arteries, as well as coronary and mesenteric veins, did not exhibit ETB receptor immunoreactivity. These data demonstrate the age-dependent and tissue-specific presence of ETB receptors, mainly on arterial smooth muscle cells in the vascular system of the rat.
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Spicer, Diane E., Deborah J. Henderson, Bill Chaudhry, Timothy J. Mohun, and Robert H. Anderson. "The anatomy and development of normal and abnormal coronary arteries." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 8 (December 2015): 1493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115001390.
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AbstractAt present, there is significant interest in the morphology of the coronary arteries, not least due to the increasingly well-recognised association between anomalous origin of the arteries and sudden cardiac death. Much has also been learnt over the last decade regarding the embryology of the arteries. In this review, therefore, we provide a brief introduction into the recent findings regarding their development. In particular, we emphasise that new evidence, derived using the developing murine heart, points to the arterial stems growing out from the adjacent sinuses of the aortic root, rather than the arteries growing in, as is currently assumed. As we show, the concept of outgrowth provides an excellent explanation for several of the abnormal arrangements encountered in the clinical setting. Before summarising these abnormal features, we draw attention to the need to describe the heart in an attitudinally appropriate manner, following the basic rule of human anatomy, rather than describing the cardiac components with the heart in the “Valentine” orientation. We then show how the major abnormalities involving the coronary arteries in humans can be summarised in terms of abnormal origin from the pulmonary circulation, abnormal aortic origin, or fistulous communications between the coronary arteries and the cardiac cavities. In the case of abnormal aortic origin, we highlight those malformations known to be associated with sudden cardiac death.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coronary arteries – Anatomy"
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McHarg, A. D. "The effect of endothelial removal on the contractile responses of canine coronary arteries and their inhibition by the calcium channel inhibitors." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382305.
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Cavalcanti, Jennecy Sales. "Estudo morfofuncional sobre o seio coronario no homem adulto." [s.n.], 1986. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288934.
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Orientador : Armando Mancio de CamargoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T03:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcanti_JennecySales_M.pdf: 1936109 bytes, checksum: c94d7938b4b6b882761e7221c857d7ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 1986
Resumo: Os mecanismos que participam da oclusão do óstio de desembocadura do s.c, e que impedem o refluxo venoso durante a sístole atrial, ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos; como também é ainda desconhecido ? arranjo dos elementos fibrosos que compõem a sua parede. 0 presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise morfofuncianal, em nível mesoscópico, do s.c, considerando de maneira integrada o arranjo dos elementos muscular, colágeno e elástico que compõem a parede deste vaso, bem como sobre a participação destes elementos no mecanismo de a bertura e fechamento do seu óstio de desembocadura na cavidade atrial direita. Para executar o que nos propomos, foram u-tilizados 24 corações oriundos de cadáveres adultos, b feito uso de métodos de dissecção fina, com auxílio de lupa e este-reomicroscópio, de técnicas histológicas e de cortes espessos e microscopia de luz polarizada. Com base nos resultados obtidos, julgamos poder emitir as seguintes conclusões alusivas a este trabalho: a parede do s.c, em toda sua extensão, é constituída por três estratos: adventícia, média e íntima; a túnica média da parede do s.c. é constituída por feixes de fibras musculares semelhantes aquelas do miocárdio, e que originam-se, na sua maioria, da parede do átrio esquerdo; d 5 feixes musculares dispo em -se em forma de espirais alongadas que se agrupam em dois planos; os feixes musculares ao nível do óstio de desembocadura do s.c, são predominantemente semicirculares, formando uma espécie de esfíncter; os feixes de fibras colágenas formam redes de malhas alongadas nas túnicas adventícia e íntima, na túnica média elas dispõem-se entre os feixes musculares; as fibras elásticas também formam redes de malhas alongadas e na túnica média constituem camadas aproximadamente concêntricas que envolvem os feixes musculares; o s.c. encontra-se rodeado, em toda sua extensão, por uma quantidade variável de tecido adiposo. Portanto, baseados em nossos resultados, podemos suge rir que durante a sístole atrial ocorreria a fechamento do óstio do s.c, através da contração das fibras musculares que o envolve, complementado pela atuação da válvula de Thebesius, o que impediria o refluxo sanguíneo. Em seguida, pela contração das fibras espirais da sua parede, haveria um aumento da luz e um encurtamento do órgão e posteriormente, através da contração destas fibras, agora com disposição anular, ocorreria uma diminuição da luz do s.c. As fibras colágenas presentes na parede do s.c teriam por função evitar a sua distensão excessiva, enquanto que o componente elástico seria responsável por manter um certo grau de distensibilidade contra aumentos da pressão sanguínea, e auxiliar na fase esfinctérica da musculatura
Abstract: The mechanisms yhich contribute to the closing of the ostium of the coronary sinus and that impede the venous reflux during the atrial systole are not fully understood. The arrangement of the fibrous elements which make up the wall of the sinus is also unknown. The purpose of this paper is to present a morpho-functional analysis at a mesoscopic level, of the coronary sinus, considering, in an integrated way, the arrangement of the muscular, collagen and elastic elements which compose the wall of the vessel, as well as the participation of of these elements in the opening and closing mechanism of the ostium in the right atrial cavity. To carry out our proposal 24 adult cadaver hearts were analyzed fay means of fine dissection, with the aid of a magnifying glass and of stereo microscopy, of histological technics and of thick cuttings as yell as polarized light microscopy. Based on the results, we believe we are able to draw the following conclusions from our study; the tunica media of the coronary sinus wall is entirely composed of bundles of muscle fibers similar to those of the myocardium; these bundles originate mainly in the wall of the left atrium; the muscular bundles are found in the form of elongated spirals that come together on two planes; the muscular bundles of the ostium of the coronary sinus are predominantly semicircular creating a type of sphincter; the collagenous fiber bundles form a network of elongated mesh in both the tunica intima and the external coat; in the tunica media, the fibers are found between the muscular bundles; the elastic fibers also form an elongated meshwork and, in the media, constitute almost concentric layers which envelop the muscular bundles; the coronary sinus is almost completely surrounded in a varying quantity of adipose tissue. Consequently, supported by our results, we can suggest that during an atrial systole the ostium of the coronary sinus closes by the contraction of its surrounding muscular bundles, complemented by the action of the Thebesius valve thus impeding the reflux of blood. Afterward, by the contraction of the spiral fibers in its wall, an expansion of the lumen and a shortening of the organ occurs after which another contraction of the fibers, now with an annulate disposition, occurs resulting in a decrease in the size of the lumen of the coronary sinus. The collagenous fibers present in the wall of the coronary sinus prevent excessive distension, while the elastic component is responsible for maintaining a certain degree of expandability during increase of blood pressure as well as helping in the sphincteric phase of the musculature
Mestrado
Mestre em Odontologia
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Teles, Cláudia Patrícia Souza. "Predição de eventos cardiovasculares em hipertensos e normotensos com anatomia coronariana conhecida e isquemia miocárdica." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3904.
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Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. They account 18 million deaths a year; coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) account for 2/3 of these, and about 22% of the 55 million deaths from all causes. Among its modifiable risk factors, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is considered of great value. However, there is a linear relationship between the risk of death because of vascular causes and blood pressure values, even within the normal range. Objectives: Evaluate the prediction of major cardiovascular events (ECM) in normotensive (Nts) and hypertensive (Hts) patients, with known coronary anatomy and myocardial ischemia detected by the exercise stress echocardiography (ESE ); and compare clinical characteristics, anthropometric, ergometric, echocardiographic and coronary angiography between groups. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of 423 patients (Nts = 143 and Hts = 280) who underwent ESE from January 2001 to November 2014 and subsequently underwent to a coronary angiography. The event search was conducted by telephone calls and active search for information in outpatient medical records of their physicians. On the statistical analysis, categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test. Numeric variables presented in mean and standard deviation. For normal distribution, we used the Student t test. Were also used survival Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test and Cox regression models. We adopted two-tailed value significance criterion of p <0.05. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.8 ± 10.9 years, and 208 (49.2%) men and 215 (50.8%) women. When comparing Nts and Hts, there was difference in age (55.76 ± 11.4 and 60.36 ± 10.39; p <0.0001), BMI (26.44 ± 3.6 and 28.42 ± 4.53; p <0.0001), diabetes mellitus [17 (22.97%) and 57 (77.03%); p = 0.03], dyslipidemia [(82 (27.06%) and 221 (72.94%), p <0.0001], previous myocardial revascularization [(7 (17.07%) and 34 (82, 93%), p = 0.01], family history of CAD [(79 (28.83%) and 195 (71.17%), p = 0.003], use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs [5 (2.04% ) and 240 (97.96%), p <0.0001] and beta-blockers [26 (22.61%) and 89 (77.39%);. p = 0.003] The Hts had higher left ventricular mass index (89.86 ± 23.88 and 96.94 ± 24.99, p = 0.005), lower stage reached in treadmill (3.03 ± 1.05 and 2.68 ± 0.97, p = 0.004) and an increased prevalence of CAD (28.57% vs. 71.43%, p = 0.008). There were 103 events, 25 (24.3%) in Nts and 78 (75.7%) in Hts whereas dichotomous variable event, Hts had frequently than Nts (17.48% vs. 27.86%, p = 0.019). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a significantly worse prognosis not only in Hts group, but also in patients with CAD. In log-rank test to stratify occurrence of events for CAD, the difference between Nts and Hts disappeared. In Cox regression stratified for CAD, only males were statistically significant. Conclusion: Although Hts have presented more events, independent of blood pressure levels in both predictors of cardiovascular events and CAD groups were males.Introdução: As doenças do aparelho circulatório são as principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo. Elas são responsáveis por 18 milhões de mortes ao ano, sendo a doença arterial coronária (DAC) e doenças cerebrovasculares (DCV) responsáveis por 2/3 destes, e por aproximadamente 22% dos 55 milhões de óbitos/ano por todas as causas. Dentre seus fatores de risco modificáveis, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica é considerada de grande importância. Entretanto, existe uma relação linear entre o risco de morte por causa vascular e valores da pressão arterial, mesmo dentro do espectro considerado normal. Objetivos: Avaliar possíveis preditores de eventos cardiovasculares maiores em normotensos (Nts) e hipertensos (Hts) com anatomia coronariana conhecida e isquemia miocárdica detectada mediante ecocardiografia sob estresse físico (EEF); e comparar características clínicas e antropométricas, ergométricas, ecocardiográficas e cineangiocoronarioráficas entre os grupos. Pacientes e Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de 423 pacientes ( Nts= 143 e Hts = 280) que foram submetidos à EEF entre janeiro de 2001 a novembro de 2014 e posteriormente realizaram cineangiocoronariografia. A pesquisa de eventos foi realizada mediante contato telefônico e busca ativa de informações em prontuários ambulatoriais dos médicos assistentes. Na análise estatística, variáveis categóricas foram analisadas mediante teste do qui-quadrado. Variáveis numéricas apresentaram-se em médias e desvio-padrão. Para distribuição normal utilizou-se teste t de Student. Foram utilizadas também curvas de sobrevida Kaplan-Meier, teste de log-rank e Modelos de regressão de Cox. Adotou-se como critério de significância valor bicaudal de p < 0,05. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi 58,8± 10,9 anos, sendo 208 (49,2%) homens e 215 (50,8%) mulheres. Observou-se diferença quanto à idade (55,76 ± 11,4 anos X 60,36 ± 10,39 anos; p<0,0001), IMC (26,44 ± 3,6 Kg/m2 X 28,42 ± 4,53Kg/m2; p < 0,0001), diabetes mellitus (22,97% X 77,03%; p= 0,03), dislipidemia (27,06% X 72,94%, p<0,0001); revascularização miocárdica prévia (17,07% X 82,93%; p=0,01), história familiar de DAC (28,83% X 71,17%; p = 0,003), uso de IECA ou BRA (2,04% X 97,96%; p<0,0001) e uso de betabloqueadores (22,61% X 77,39%; p=0,003). Os Hts apresentaram maior índice de massa ventricular esquerda (89,86±23,88 g/m2 X 96,94±24,99g/m2; p=0,005), atingiram menor estágio na esteira ergométrica (3,03±1,05 X 2,68±0,97; p=0,004) e apresentaram maior freqüência de DAC (28,57% X 71,43%; p=0,008). Ocorreram 103 eventos, 25 (24,3%) nos Nts e 78 (75,7%) nos Hts, p=0.019. A curva de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier demonstrou prognóstico significativamente pior no grupo de Hts e também nos portadores de DAC. No teste de log-rank, ao estratificar ocorrência de eventos para DAC, a diferença entre os grupos desapareceu. Na regressão de Cox estratificada para DAC, apenas o gênero masculino apresentou significância estatística. Conclusão: Embora os Hts tenham apresentado mais eventos, independente dos níveis pressóricos, em ambos os grupos os preditores de eventos cardiovasculares foram DAC e o gênero masculino.
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Lachman, Nirusha. "A clinically applied anatomical study of the coronary arteries in the South African population." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3350.
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Interest in the anatomy of the coronary arteries dates as far back as the early 1500's, at a time when anatomical inquiry was being cautiously aroused. Whilst the later 1700's encouraged academic domination of anatomical study, significant documentation of the coronary arteries was only been established by the late 1800's to early 1900's. There is no doubt that this topic continues to remain dynamic, favoured for its value in applied clinical research. Indeed, technological advancement in the 21 st century has transformed modem day anatomy into more than just a simple descriptive exercise. Whether to update standard literature, create ethnically specific banks of anatomical data, abate technical difficulties associated with coronary artery surgery or provide exciting interventional possibilities for clinicians, revisiting the anatomy of the coronary arteries is clearly warranted. The objective of this investigation was to review the anatomy of the coronary arteries using a clinical approach in order to investigate the morphologic presentation of these vessels within the South African population. On a more clinically universal level, this study aimed to elucidate two focal areas of anatomical interest: extra-cardiac collaterals and myocardial bridges. The investigation was conducted by means of micro-dissection, angiography, histology and scientific evaluation. A total of 323 sets of coronary arterial patterns consisting of patient angiograms (n=212) and cadaveric dissections (n=95) were studied. Specimens were harvested at post-mortem and angiograms and surgical reports were obtained from clinical centers within KwaZulu-Natal. Results of this study confIrmed the standard anatomical description of the coronary arteries as documented. Within the South African population, the ramus marginalis artery was found to be present in 13.3% (Females: 10.7%; Males: 5.6% and Blacks: 18.0%; Indians: 6.6%; Whites: 1.4%). The LAD and LCX arteries arose from independent aortic ostia in 14.5%, (Females: 7.5%; Males: 15% and Blacks: 6.5%; Indians 50%; Whites: 35%). Right dominance was observed most frequently in 85.9% (Blacks: 82.3%; Whites: 83.6% and Indians: 86.4% and Males: 82.6%; Females: 89.2%). A bifId LAD artery was noted in 52%, (Females: 6.2%; Males: 8.7% and Blacks: 17.6%; Indians: 6.3 %; Whites: 4.5 %). In 27.7%, (Females: 24.0%; Males: 28.8% and Blacks: 29.5%; Indians: ·50%; Whites: 20%) the LCX artery failed to continue along the atrioventricular groove. The conus artery arose from a high position off the RCA in 19.2%, (Females: 16%; Males: 21% and Blacks: 19.7%; Indians: 100%; Whites: 10%); and from an independent ostium in 3.61%, (Females: 4.0%; Males: 3.8% and Blacks: 4.9% only). The LCA measured 0.82cm (0.27-2.4cm), (Females: 0.84cm, Males: 0.96cm and Blacks: 0.88cm; Indians: 0.53 cm; Whites: 0.78cm). Myocardial bridges were recorded on the RCA in 2.5% and on the LAD in 50.6%. The bridge pattern depicted myocardial loops to complete arterial investment and ranged in length from 3.0 to 20.02 mm. Scientiftc evaluation of the intramural LAD indicated positive correlation between a straight appearance ofthe LAD on angiogram and a deep myocardial position upon surgical observation (mean "tortuosity index" = 1.147 [1.373-1.045] where 1= baseline for straightness). Results were confIrmed in the correlated cadaveric investigation. Extra-coronary collaterals were observed in 100% (n=9). The arterial pattern consisted of 1 to 2 main stems with secondary anastomotic branches. The average external diameter was measured to be 0.6mm (OA-0.7mm), length 52.5mm (1883mm) with at least 5 secondary branches (3-9) of external diameter O.3mm (0.20.5mm). Results of the histopathological investigation (n=20) indicated the presence of atherosclerotic disease within the intramural LAD artery segment (15%). A 60% incidence was recorded in the pre-mural segment and 25% incidence in the post-mural arterial segments. When analysed in terms of severity, the intramural segment reflected only mild signs of intimal alteration. Although not statistically significant, mean values for coronary artery size differed between sexes. The findings were similar when evaluated in terms of the coronary artery anomalies studied. There were signifIcant differences between ethnic groups in terms of the length of the LCA. Mean values showed that Indians had the shortest LCA's when compared with Blacks and Whites. The highest incidence of the ramus marginalis branch was recorded amongst Blacks. Separate origin of the LCX and LAD was highest amongst Indians and high in comparison to reports documented in other countries. A high origin ofthe conus artery was found to be dominant amongst Blacks. A low incidence of separate origin of the conus from the aorta was recorded in the South African population. These findings are significantly lower than that reported in the literature. A right dominant system has the highest occurrence within this population. Statistical evaluation confirmed that neither sex, ethnicity, age nor height influenced dominance in a coronary arterial pattern. The presence and description of the bifid LAD has been recorded. Its occurrence is highest amongst Blacks. The anomalous path of the LCX has been documented and described. The significantly high occurrence of this disposition of the LCX within the South African population appears to be the highest reported fmd in the literature. In terms of the presence and patterns of myocardial bridges, there are no observable differences between ethnic groups or sex. Results ofthis study confirm a relationship between the straight appearance of the LAD on angiogram and its anatomical presence. Extra coronary collaterals have been successfully investigated and observed. Measurements of vessel dimensions and patterns have been recorded. Results of the histopathological investigation illustrate that the intra-mural LAD artery is relatively protected from vascular disease. It does not however support the theory that in such a sub-myocardial position, the LAD artery is never prone to the damaging effects of atherosclerosis. The "cardio-protective" effect of a muscular bridge, whilst prevalent, is dependant on the thickness and extent ofthe bridge itself The anatomy ofthe coronary arteries has been successfully documented and a bank of data, specific for a South African population has been presented. Significant aspects of coronary arterial patterns have been discussed and interpreted in terms of its clinical relevance. This study presents an original method for the investigation of EeC's using technologically advanced materials and equipment. In addition, a scientific method for confirmation of a "straight" appearance of the LAD artery has been developed in this study. Findings contribute to the bank of diagnostic indicators that may be used to predict myocardial bridges pre-operatively. Through the dissection experience of more than 150 hearts and observation of more than 200 angiograms, this study has been able to contribute to the anatomical description o fthe coronary arteries. In some ways new perspectives were afforded and on the same note, already existing concepts have been verified. The value of this study IS enhanced by the potential clinical impact that such data is envisaged to create.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2003.
Books on the topic "Coronary arteries – Anatomy"
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Lüdinghausen, M. von. The clinical anatomy of coronary arteries. Berlin: Springer, 2003.
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von Lüdinghausen, M. The Clinical Anatomy of Coronary Arteries. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55807-8.
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Muresian, Horia. The clinical anatomy of the coronary arteries: An anatomical study on 100 human heart specimens. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedica, 2009.
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Smuclovisky, Claudio. Coronary Artery CTA: A Case-Based Atlas. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag New York, 2009.
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Ła, L. A. Bokerii. Khirurgicheskai Ła anatomii Ła venechnykh arterii. Moskva: Izd-vo NT ŁSSSKh im. A.N. Bakuleva RAMN, 2003.
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Lüdinghausen, Michael von. The Clinical Anatomy of the Coronary Arteries. Springer, 2003.
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Rigo, Fausto. Ultrasound Atlas of Coronary Arteries: From Anatomy to Diagnosis. Springer, 2008.
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Rakusan, K. Coronary Angiogenesis (Advances in Organ Biology). Elsevier Science, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Coronary arteries – Anatomy"
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Berdajs, Denis, and Marko I. Turina. "Coronary Arteries." In Operative Anatomy of the Heart, 161–243. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69229-4_4.
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Fioranelli, Massimo, Carlo Gonnella, Stefano Tonioni, Fabrizio D’Errico, and Mariantonietta Carbone. "Clinical Anatomy of the Coronary Circulation." In Imaging Coronary Arteries, 1–11. Milano: Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2682-7_1.
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Varchetta, Francesco, Natale Minervino, and Mariano Scaglione. "Heart and Coronary Arteries." In MDCT Anatomy — Body, 53–59. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1878-5_8.
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Yates, Martin T., and Vipin Zamvar. "Anatomy of Coronary Arteries." In PanVascular Medicine, 2325–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_229.
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Yates, Martin T., and Vipin Zamvar. "Anatomy of Coronary Arteries." In PanVascular Medicine, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_229-1.
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James, Thomas N. "Anatomy and Pathology of Small Coronary Arteries." In Coronary Circulation, 13–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3369-9_2.
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Faletra, Francesco F., Marco Araco, Laura A. Leo, Giovanni Pedrazzini, Tiziano Moccetti, Marco Moccetti, Elena Pasotti, and Siew Yen Ho. "The Coronary Arteries and Veins." In Atlas of Non-Invasive Imaging in Cardiac Anatomy, 107–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35506-7_7.
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von Lüdinghausen, M. "Introduction." In The Clinical Anatomy of Coronary Arteries, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55807-8_1.
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von Lüdinghausen, M. "The Significance of the Proper Vessels of the Human Heart in Statistics and Diagnostics." In The Clinical Anatomy of Coronary Arteries, 5–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55807-8_2.
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von Lüdinghausen, M. "Nomenclature." In The Clinical Anatomy of Coronary Arteries, 9–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55807-8_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Coronary arteries – Anatomy"
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Itu, Lucian, Puneet Sharma, Xudong Zheng, Viorel Mihalef, Ali Kamen, and Constantin Suciu. "Patient-Specific Modeling and Hemodynamic Simulation in Healthy and Diseased Coronary Arteries." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80524.
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Coronary Artery Disease is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, with an estimated 7.2 million deaths each year. In spite of the improvements in imaging and other diagnostic modalities, the incidence of premature morbidity and mortality is still very high, the main reason being the lack of accurate in-vivo and in-vitro patient-specific estimates for diagnosis and disease progression. Recently, CFD-based models have been proposed for analyzing the coronary circulation [1, 2]. The main challenges for such methods are the lack of patient-specific data (anatomy, boundary conditions), inefficient multi-scale coupling and computational resources. These challenges limit the scope of such methods in a routine clinical setting.
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Valenzuela, Thomas, Michael Bateman, Tinen Iles, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Simulating Blood Flow in Healthy Swine Coronary Arteries After Bifurcation Stenting Procedures." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3292.
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Coronary artery disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Plaque buildup within an individual’s coronary arteries can lead reduced flows, local ischemia, angina, and even result in a myocardial infarction (heart attack). In the past two decades, coronary stents have become one of the ‘gold standards’ for treating such plaque buildups. Stents are designed to push the plaque up against the vessel walls, so to expand the vessels to its original dimensions; ie., keeping the lumen patent allowing for laminar blood flow. Using the Visible Heart® Laboratories (1) capabilities, we have implanted coronary stents using various clinical protocols in porcine hearts. These hearts were subsequently scanned with a micro-CT, so they could be modeled and rendered in various 3D programs as well as fluid simulations. The ability to render fluid simulations through coronaries which had stenting procedures performed within, may allow clinicians to prescribe which bifurcation technique may be best suited for a given patient’s specific anatomy.
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Biglino, Giovanni, Daria Cosentino, Matteo Castelli, Lorenzo De Nova, Hopewell N. Ntsinjana, Jennifer A. Steeden, Andrew M. Taylor, and Silvia Schievano. "Combining 4D MR Flow Experimental Data and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Study the Neoaorta in Patients With Repaired Transposition of the Great Arteries." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14456.
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Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart disease characterized by abnormal spatial arrangement of the two main vessels, with the aorta arising from the pulmonary valve and the main pulmonary artery arising from the aortic valve. TGA surgical repair with the arterial switch operation (ASO) involves physically repositioning the aorta and the pulmonary artery in their correct anatomical location, as well as separately moving the coronary arteries. Following ASO, decreased aortic distensibility and enlarged aortic root have been observed, together with late complications such as coronary artery obstruction, neoaortic valvar insufficiency, and arrhythmia [1]. Clearly, further knowledge of the hemodynamics in the neoaorta following ASO can be helpful in understanding the physiology of repaired-TGA. We suggest that engineering tools can provide access to such knowledge, both experimentally and computationally. 4D flow data from magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can generate excellent maps of velocity streamlines and — to our knowledge — has never been applied to this clinical problem. In addition, 4D MR flow data gathered in-vitro (hence more reproducible and more stable than in-vivo) can be a resourceful tool for validating a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the same problem. The experimental model, lacking respiration effects and concerns about scanning time, can also be used for exploring the optimal spatial and temporal resolution for improving the quality of the data. Ultimately, we suggest that a synergistic approach (experimental 4D MR flow + CFD study) carried out at a patient-specific level can provide knowledge about the hemodynamics in the neoaorta following ASO. For this purpose, we present two comparisons: (a) TGA anatomy vs. an age-matched healthy subject (b) in-vitro vs. in-silico.
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de Tullio, Marco D., Roberto Verzicco, Luciano Afferrante, and Giuseppe Pascazio. "Fluid Mechanics of Deformable Aortic Prostheses." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31148.
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The simultaneous replacement of a diseased aortic valve, aortic root and ascending aorta with a composite graft equipped with a prosthetic valve is a nowadays standard surgical approach in which the Valsalva sinuses of the aortic root are sacrificed and the coronary arteries are reconnected directly to the graft (Bentall procedure). In practice, two different polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron) prostheses are largely used by surgeons: a standard straight graft and a graft with a bulged portion that better reproduces the aortic root anatomy (Valsalva graft). The aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of the graft geometry, with its pseudo-sinuses, on the the flowfield, with particular attention to the coronary entry-flow, and on the stress concentration at the level of coronary-root anastomoses during the cardiac cycle. A bi-leaflet mechanical valve with curved leaflets is considered, attached to the two different prostheses. Two cylindrical channels, reproducing the very early coronary vasculature are connected to the grafts. An accurate three-dimensional numerical method, based on the immersed boundary technique, is proposed to study the flow inside deformable geometries. Direct numerical simulations of the flow inside the prostheses under physiological pulsatile inflow conditions are presented. The dynamics of the leaflets (considered rigid) is obtained by a fully-coupled fluid-structure-interaction approach, while a weak-coupled approach is employed for the deforming roots, in order to reduce the computational cost, using optimized solvers for both the fluid and structural problems. The Dacron material is modeled as orthotropic, with an inversion of the material properties in longitudinal and circumferential direction for the skirt region of the Valsalva prosthesis. Coronary perfusion is reproduced modulating in time the porosity, and thus the resistance, of the coronary channels. The results indicate that while the pseudo-sinuses do not significantly influence the coronary entry-flow, their presence allows for smaller levels of stresses at the level of coronary-root anastomoses, potentially reducing post-operative complications.
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Choi, Hyo Won, and Ghassan S. Kassab. "Effect of Non-Uniform Tissue Configuration on Conductance Catheter Measurement for Arterial Lumen Sizing." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53567.
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A novel approach of two bolus injections of saline solutions has been proposed for conductance catheter measurement of cross-sectional area (CSA) and parallel conductance for medium size arteries [1–2]. The parallel conductance or current leakage through surrounding tissue is dependent on how differently the combined configuration of lumen, surrounding tissue, and conductance catheter forms an electric field. Arteries have a variety of surrounding tissue geometries and electrical conductivities depending on their anatomic situations. Specifically, coronary/peripheral arteries are often characterized by their superficial anatomic positions so that surrounding tissue has asymmetric configurations. Such notions highlight the need for addressing the impact of anatomically relevant tissue properties on the performance of conductance catheter measurement. In the present study, we computationally probe how asymmetric surrounding tissue thickness and/or inhomogeneous/anisotropic electric conductivity of tissue can modulate the electric field and hence accuracy of CSA measurement for a medium size artery.
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Tu, Rong, Qin Li, Haomiao Shui, Jian Yang, and Yongtian Wang. "3D reconstruction of coronary arteries from two X-ray angiograms based on anatomic model." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Qingming Luo, Lihong V. Wang, Valery V. Tuchin, and Min Gu. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.741330.
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Mahmoud, Ahmed M., Daniel H. Cortes, S. Jamal Mustafa, and Osama M. Mukdadi. "High Frequency Precise Ultrasound Imaging System to Assess Mouse Hearts and Blood Vessels." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192836.
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Genetically modified mice provide a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of human cardiovascular diseases like human atherosclerosis [1]. Numerous mouse strains are available today with phenotypes relevant to human cardiovascular diseases [1,2]. These mouse strains have prompted the development of techniques for assessing the cardiovascular function and morphology of living mice. Recently, several imaging techniques have been emerged as promising non-invasive imaging modalities, such as electron-beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, optical coherent tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) [3,4]. Although these systems are capable of detecting anatomic and functional information, they may not be suitable to image mouse heart vasculatures. The small size and rapid movement of mouse hearts require systems acquiring images using temporal resolution of less than 10 ms with spatial resolution of 100 μm or less [4]. However, in mice, which have extremely small coronary arteries and high heart rates, the coronary circulation constitutes a great challenge for these available imaging techniques.
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Fayssal, Iyad, Fadl Moukalled, Samir Alam, Robert Habib, and Hussain Ismaeel. "The Development of a Robust Low Computational Cost Diagnostic Tool to Evaluate Stenosis Functional Significance in Human Coronary Arteries." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51532.
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There is discordance between the anatomic severities of the coronary narrowing and their corresponding functional significance. Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is among the physiological parameters invasively measured to assess the hemodynamic significance of a stenosis during maximal hyperemia. FFR values ≤ 0.8 indicate that the downstream heart tissue perfused by this vessel is at risk for ischemia. While measuring FFR is an invasive procedure that is expensive, time consuming, and not without complications, recently, noninvasive estimation of FFR was shown to be possible from comprehensive predictive techniques allowing the computation of in-vivo FFR. However, these non-invasive methods are associated with high computational cost and require high performance computing technology, thus, reducing their wide adoption in clinics. This paper is steered to achieve two main goals: (1) to develop a fast numerical method to aid clinicians assessing ischemia level and determine if coronary revascularization (PCI) is required in human diseased coronary arteries with minimum time and computer resources; (2) to develop a robust method which allows predicting the patient FFR independently of the actual in-vivo physiologic conditions (mainly pressure) of the specific patient. The numerical framework was designed by adopting the finite volume method to generate the discrete model of the Reynolds average form of conservation equations used to predict blood hemodynamics. Two strategies were investigated to reduce computational cost while retaining solution accuracy. The first strategy is based on isolating the diseased artery from its branch tree and simulating it separately without implicitly integrating other arterial segments. A lumped dynamic model with special numerical treatment is coupled to the 3D domain outlet boundary to account for the downstream effects from the vascular bed. The second strategy is based on replacing a full transient simulation by a steady state one performed under mean conditions of pressure and blood volume flow rate. The strategy was applied on a healthy (hypothetical) and stenosed arterial segments with different stenosis severities simulated under rest and hyperemic conditions. An excellent agreement was achieved for FFR values computed from full transient simulations with the ones obtained from steady state simulation (error < 0.2 % was obtained for all test cases). The computational cost for the mean condition scenario was 0.1 that of a full transient simulation. The robustness of the method was tested by varying inflow conditions and reporting their effect on FFR. Interestingly, the predicted ischemia level was not altered when the inlet pressure was increased by 10 % from the base case. An analytical model was derived to explain the FFR independency of patient in-vivo coronary pressure. These promising findings from the numerical tests performed on idealized healthy and stenosed arterial models could significantly impact the applicability of the developed methodology and translating it into future practical clinical applications.
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Wilson, Nathan M., Ana K. Ortiz, Allison B. Johnson, Frank R. Arko, Jeffrey A. Feinstein, John F. LaDisa, and Alison Marsden. "A Public Repository of Image-Based Computational Models for Patient-Specific Blood Flow Simulation." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80916.
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Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made on increasing the realism and fidelity of image-based patient-specific blood flow simulation. A clear example of this progress is the first-of-a-kind multi-center clinical trial under way by Heartflow, Inc. (Redwood City, CA) attempting to utilize blood flow simulation in clinical decision making for coronary arterial disease. While recent applications of patient-specific blood flow simulation are impressive, numerous opportunities still exist for its application in advanced research in disease progression, design of better medical devices, and additional clinical applications for patient-specific interventional planning. Three core challenges face researchers in this space. First, state-of-the art techniques for patient-specific anatomic model construction and hemodynamic simulation require specialized, complex software. In recent years, open-source initiatives such as SimVascular and VMTK have addressed this need. Second, the access to clinical data has traditionally been limited to those with strong ties to research hospitals. Finally, public data for verification and validation of computational models for blood flow has also been limited.