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1
Yusuf, Muhammad. "DETERMINAN CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE DI INDONESIA." JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN AUDITING 17, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 131–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jaa.17.1.131-157.
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Global and uncontrolled climate change has caused a variety of problems and has become one of the biggest environmental issues in recent years. Indonesia is the fifth largest carbon emitting country in the world and as a country that has signed the Kyoto Protocol must participate in efforts to reduce carbon emissions. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, industry is one of the biggest contributors to carbon emissions. This is one of the reasons why companies (industries) must contribute to reducing carbon emissions. Efforts made by companies are to do carbon emission disclosure. Carbon emission disclosure in Indonesia is still a voluntary disclosure so that not all companies make disclosures in their financial statements. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the factors that drive companies to conduct carbon emission disclosure. The determinant variables of carbon emission disclosure in this study are profitability, leverage, environmental performance, company size, and corporate governance, by taking samples of companies listed on the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) for the period 2007-2017. Determination of the research sample using purposive sampling method and data analysis techniques using the multiple linear regression method. The results showed that profitability, environmental performance, company size, and corporate governance had a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure while leverage had no effect on carbon emission disclosure. This research contribution provides empirical evidence about profitability, environmental performance, company size, and corporate governance are factors that drives companies to do carbon emission disclosure in Indonesia.
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Kılıç, Merve, and Cemil Kuzey. "The effect of corporate governance on carbon emission disclosures." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2017-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether corporate governance characteristics impact the voluntary disclosure of carbon emissions. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research was carried out in two stages. Initially, the carbon disclosures data were sourced from the annual and stand-alone sustainability reports of Turkish non-financial companies listed on Borsa Istanbul during 2011-2015. Later, the corporate governance characteristics that influence carbon disclosures were examined using panel data regression models. Findings The empirical findings of this study suggested that entities with a higher number of independent directors on their boards were more likely to respond to the Carbon Disclosure Project. In addition, board nationality diversity and the existence of a sustainability committee had a significant positive impact on the propensity to disclose carbon emissions and the extent of those disclosures. Originality/value This research provides empirical evidence of the determinants of carbon emission disclosures, which could be useful for organizations and regulatory bodies. Such an understanding is crucial to specify necessary policies that will provide emission reduction practices and policies for entities. This paper fills some of the gap in the literature by concentrating on the association between corporate governance characteristics and disclosures of a more specific environmental issue, being carbon emissions.
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Witri Astiti, Ni Nengah, and Dewa Gede Wirama. "Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 30, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i07.p14.
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Global warming is one of the environmental problems that causes climate change, especially related to corporate carbon emissions. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the disclosure of carbon emissions. This research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that revealed information related to carbon emissions in the annual report in 2018. The sample in this research was selected purposively, producing samples with 37 companies. The data analysis technique in this research is multiple linear regression. The analysis shows that company the type of industry and good corporate governance has a positive effect, while leverage has a negative effect on disclosure of carbon emissions. Company size and profitability do no affect carbon emissions disclosure.
Keywords: Global Warming; Climate Change; Carbon Emission Disclosures.
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Liesen, Andrea, Andreas G. Hoepner, Dennis M. Patten, and Frank Figge. "Does stakeholder pressure influence corporate GHG emissions reporting? Empirical evidence from Europe." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 28, no. 7 (September 21, 2015): 1047–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2013-1547.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek to shed light on the practice of incomplete corporate disclosure of quantitative Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and investigates whether external stakeholder pressure influences the existence, and separately, the completeness of voluntary GHG emissions disclosures by 431 European companies. Design/methodology/approach – A classification of reporting completeness is developed with respect to the scope, type and reporting boundary of GHG emissions based on the guidelines of the GHG Protocol, Global Reporting Initiative and the Carbon Disclosure Project. Logistic regression analysis is applied to examine whether proxies for exposure to climate change concerns from different stakeholder groups influence the existence and/or completeness of quantitative GHG emissions disclosure. Findings – From 2005 to 2009, on average only 15 percent of companies that disclose GHG emissions report them in a manner that the authors consider complete. Results of regression analyses suggest that external stakeholder pressure is a determinant of the existence but not the completeness of emissions disclosure. Findings are consistent with stakeholder theory arguments that companies respond to external stakeholder pressure to report GHG emissions, but also with legitimacy theory claims that firms can use carbon disclosure, in this case the incomplete reporting of emissions, as a symbolic act to address legitimacy exposures. Practical implications – Bringing corporate GHG emissions disclosure in line with recommended guidelines will require either more direct stakeholder pressure or, perhaps, a mandated disclosure regime. In the meantime, users of the data will need to carefully consider the relevance of the reported data and develop the necessary competencies to detect and control for its incompleteness. A more troubling concern is that stakeholders may instead grow to accept less than complete disclosure. Originality/value – The paper represents the first large-scale empirical study into the completeness of companies’ disclosure of quantitative GHG emissions and is the first to analyze these disclosures in the context of stakeholder pressure and its relation to legitimation.
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Saka, Chika, and Tomoki Oshika. "Disclosure effects, carbon emissions and corporate value." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-09-2012-0030.
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Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of corporate carbon emissions and disclosure on corporate value, especially regarding whether disclosure helps to reduce uncertainty in valuation as predicted by carbon emissions using a unique data set on Japanese companies. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical analysis of the relations between corporate carbon emissions using compulsory filing data to Japanese Government covering more than 1,000 firms, corporate carbon management disclosure (CDP disclosure), and the market value of equity. Findings – The authors find that corporate carbon emissions have a negative relation with the market value of equity, the disclosure of carbon management has a positive relation with the market value of equity, and the positive relation between the disclosure of carbon management and the market value of equity is stronger with a larger volume of carbon emissions. Practical implications – The results may be important when considering the inclusion of carbon disclosure as a component of nonfinancial disclosure. In addition, the findings encourage Japanese companies to reduce carbon emissions and to disclose their carbon management activities. Originality/value – The authors provide the first empirical evidence of an interactive effect between the volume of carbon emissions and carbon management disclosure on the market value of equity. And, the results concerning the relation between environmental performance, disclosure, and market value are readily generalizable, especially as all companies emit carbon, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the results are arguably free of problems with sampling bias and endogeneity as the authors employ data obtained from the compulsory filing of carbon emissions information.
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Giannarakis, Grigoris, George Konteos, and Nikolaos Sariannidis. "Financial, governance and environmental determinants of corporate social responsible disclosure." Management Decision 52, no. 10 (November 11, 2014): 1928–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2014-0296.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the vital determinants on the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in a US context. The selected variables are CEO duality, the presence of women in the board, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, emission reduction initiatives, company's risk premium, financial leverage and industry's profile. Design/methodology/approach – The environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure score is used as a proxy for the extent of CSR disclosure calculated by Bloomberg. The influence of plausible variables on the ESG disclosure score and its sub-categories was examined by using the least squares dummy variable model (LSDV) incorporating 100 companies listed on Standard & Poor's 500 Index for the period 2009-2012. Findings – The results show that the emission reduction initiatives and GHG emissions influence positively the extent of ESG score. In addition, slight differences exist concerning the determinants of different types of disclosures. Furthermore, it is illustrated that a company's industrial profile seems to have differences among the extent of the different types of disclosure. Research limitations/implications – The sample of companies is based on the US companies incorporating only large-sized ones. Originality/value – The study extends previous studies with the inclusion of both traditional and innovative determinants of the CSR disclosure in USA taking into account four years of corporate data. A third party rating approach was adopted in order to calculate the extent of CSR disclosure. Finally, both the shareholders’ and the investors’ attitudes in relation to CSR disclosure are presented.
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Nasih, Mohammad, Iman Harymawan, Yuanita Intan Paramitasari, and Azizah Handayani. "Carbon Emissions, Firm Size, and Corporate Governance Structure: Evidence from the Mining and Agricultural Industries in Indonesia." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092483.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between firm size, corporate governance, and carbon emission disclosure (CED) in Indonesia, a country with rich natural resources. This study focused on the mining and agricultural industries to better capture the disclosure behavior of companies directly engaged in natural resources. Using a sample of 305 firm-year observations of listed firms in Indonesia spanning from 2011 to 2016, the results show that larger firms and firms with larger board sizes are more likely to have higher disclosure on CED. We also showed that firms with a higher percentage of independent commissioners and directors are less likely to disclose information related to carbon emissions. These findings indicate that a greater number of commissioners and directors sitting on the board will stimulate a firm’s decision to make a higher number of disclosures related to carbon emissions. However, the increased percentage of independent commissioners and directors will cause more conservative disclosure outcomes to the firms. In addition, firms in the mining industry are more likely to have a higher level of CED relative to firms in the agricultural industry. These findings remained robust even after we corrected the standard errors.
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Rahmadhani, Sari, and Rahayu Indriyani. "Impact of Emissions Intensive Industries And Financial Distress On Voluntary Carbon Emission Disclosure." AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 11, no. 1 (October 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v11n1.p1-8.
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This study aims to examine factors affecting voluntary disclosure of carbon emissions. Factors affecting the disclosure of voluntary carbon emissions consist of emissions-intensive industries and financial distress represented by leverage. The sampling method used is pruposive sampling with the following criteria, companies that have received a corporate governance rating index during the observation period and published annual reports during the observation period (2013-2016). Based on the corporate governance index determined 66 sampled research. The analysis technique used to test the hypothesis of this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that emissions-intensive industries have a significant positive impact on the disclosure of voluntary carbon emissions. Financial distress has a significant negative impact on voluntary carbon disclosure.
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Firmansyah, Amrie, Pramuji Handra Jadi, Wahyudi Febrian, and Eta Fasita. "RESPON PASAR ATAS PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON DI INDONESIA : BAGAIMANA PERAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN?" Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti 8, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v8i2.9789.
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Positive responses from investors indicate the company's success in providing information to the public. It reflects the stock prices increase in the capital market. Information that is responded to positively provides investor confidence that it contains decision-making usefulness, and managers can ensure its sustainability in the future. This study aims to examine the association of carbon emissions disclosure with firm value in Indonesia. In addition, this study also examines the role of corporate governance in the association between carbon emissions disclosure and firm value. This study employs secondary data sourced from financial statements available at www.idnfinancials.com and stock price data from www.finance.yahoo.com. The sample employed in this study is a manufacturing company from 2016 to 2019. By using purposive sampling, the sample obtained in the study is 260 observations. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression for panel data. This study concludes that the carbon emissions disclosure is negatively associated with firm value. In addition, corporate governance has not succeeded in strengthening the positive effect of carbon emission disclosures on firm value. This study suggests that the Indonesia Financial Services Authority (OJK) should re-examine the regulation on sustainability disclosure, which includes carbon emissions, which is one of the current dynamic issues in the world. In addition, companies need to improve the quality of disclosure of information related to sustainability to the public.
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CUNNINGHAM, STACEY, and DAVID GADENNE. "DO CORPORATIONS PERCEIVE MANDATORY PUBLICATION OF POLLUTION INFORMATION FOR KEY STAKEHOLDERS AS A LEGITIMACY THREAT?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 05, no. 04 (December 2003): 523–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333203001474.
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In recent decades several researchers have investigated the relationship between corporate environmental performance and environmental disclosures. A number of these studies have also investigated the positive/negative content of the disclosures, particularly following the occurrence of negative environmental events or media coverage. Limited research has investigated the usefulness of regulated public external disclosures of corporate environmental performance information as a driver of annual report environmental disclosure behaviour. The mandatory Australian National Pollutant Inventory now provides interested parties with access to information on corporate pollution emissions. This represents a change to the corporate operating environment and represents a potential threat to corporate legitimacy. This paper reports the results of research investigating the release of corporate pollution emission information on the National Pollutant Inventory and changes in corporate environmental disclosures in annual reports.
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Devi Utami, Meilani. "Factors influencing the carbon emissions disclosure in basic and chemical industrial companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 9 (December 25, 2022): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2219.
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This study aims to determine the factors influencing carbon emissions disclosure in basic and chemical industrial companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019. The research approach used in this study is a quantitative approach of the Explanatory Research type to explain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables through hypothesis testing. The sample selection was used using a purposive sampling method with the following criteria. Data in the form of financial reports and company annual reports were obtained from the website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange ICMD (Indonesian Capital Market Directory), and www.finance.yahoo.com. The data used in this study are time series and cross-section data. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the Good Corporate Governance variable has a positive and significant effect on Carbon Emissions Disclosure; Managerial Ownership Variables have a negative and significant effect on Carbon Emissions Disclosures; firm Value Variables do not affect Carbon Emissions Disclosures, Leverage Variables do not affect Carbon Emissions Disclosures, Company Size Variables have a positive and significant effect on Carbon Emissions Disclosures, Good Corporate Governance Variables, Managerial Ownership, Firm Value, Leverage and Firm Size jointly influence Carbon Emissions Disclosure. The results of this study can provide information for regulators, company management, investors, creditors, and other interested parties to understand the importance of the supervisory function in a company.
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Hoştut, Sibel, and Seçil Deren van het Hof. "Greenhouse gas emissions disclosure: comparing headquarters and local subsidiaries." Social Responsibility Journal 16, no. 6 (April 29, 2020): 899–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-11-2019-0377.
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Purpose This paper aims to highlight the greenhouse gas emissions disclosures in sustainability reports of the automotive industry both from headquarters and Turkish subsidiaries. Further, it aims to understand to what extent these corporations disclose greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Design/methodology/approach The sample of the research consists of the global brands Ford, Honda, Hyundai, Daimler and Fiat. Global and national sustainability reports from headquarters and local subsidiaries are examined. To determine the disclosure for emissions content analysis is conducted. The GRI 305: Emissions standard, which sets out the reporting requirements on the issue emissions is used to identify the disclosures both from headquarters and subsidiaries. Findings The sector-specific findings show that all sustainability reports from headquarters disclose much more specific information on greenhouse gas emissions than the reports from subsidiaries. Corporations that offer the most comprehensive sustainability reports disclose the least pages in environmental information. However, presenting the least information does not mean that these reports are rare in quality. Especially, two corporations who offer the least pages on environmental issues fully disclosed the classification of GRI 305: Emissions standard. It can be stated that these corporations emphasize the quality and not the quantity of disclosure. Although, local subsidiaries are not reporting to the extent as headquarters do good applications together with specific information are applied. Originality/value The investigation contributes to the research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) by exploring the GHG emissions disclosures across borders by analyzing sustainability reports of both the headquarters of the automotive industry and their local subsidiaries as the actual production units in Turkey.
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Asare, Emmanuel Tetteh, King Carl Tornam Duho, and Edmund Narh Amegatcher. "Climate Change Reporting and Corporate Governance among Asian and African Energy Firms." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 997, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/997/1/012005.
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Abstract This paper examines the extent of climate change disclosure among energy firms operating in Africa and Asia, as well as the firm, country and global determinants of the disclosures. A quantitative approach was applied to evaluate an unbalanced panel data of 31 firms in 18 countries across Africa and Asia for 2015 to 2020. Data was collected from the GRI database and a composite index was constructed to measure the extent of climate change disclosure using “GRI 305: Emissions” indicators. The study used a regression model to find the nexus between climate change disclosure and its determinants. Comparatively, Asian energy firms disclose more than their African counterparts. The determinants of climate change disclosure are board size, board diversity, multinational status, profitability, cross-listing status, membership to the United Nations Global Compact and the Human Development Index of the countries within which firms operate. This study provides insights about the extent of GRI 305: Emissions usage by energy firms in Africa and Asia. It also adds to the limited knowledge on climate change disclosure in Africa and Asia. With the recent COP26 conference in mind, this study extends knowledge on how businesses are taking action in line with the Agenda 2030 (specifically Sustainable Development Goal 13), the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
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Sra, Jaspreet K., Annie L. Booth, and Raymond A. K. Cox. "Voluntary carbon information disclosures, corporate-level environmental sustainability efforts, and market value." Green Finance 4, no. 2 (2022): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2022009.
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<abstract> <p>Based on global 500 companies, this study examines whether the market incorporates the corporations' voluntary carbon emissions disclosures as part of their environmental sustainability efforts, thus increasing their market value. Proxies used to measure the corporations' ecological sustainability efforts include the choice of voluntary carbon disclosures, carbon emissions amounts, carbon intensity, and carbon disclosure quality. During the study period, those companies that chose to disclose their carbon information to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), saw the market value their efforts towards environmental sustainability by increasing their market value. This study also compared the market value of disclosing and non-disclosing firms and found that non-disclosing companies had higher market value than did disclosing firms. However, this relationship was statistically insignificant. This study uses the more extensive data set, extended period, and more robust econometric approach (Difference GMM) and extends the boundaries of accounting research to incorporate environmental-related disclosures. Therefore, this most recent study can provide new insights to researchers, investors, and policymakers in the present context of environmental sustainability and business sustainability.</p> </abstract>
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Mujiani, Sari, Juardi Juardi, and Feni Fauziah. "DETERMINAN CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2017." JIAFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi) 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34204/jiafe.v5i1.1542.
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Carbon emission disclosure is one of the corporate responsibility forms for environmental preservation that is presented in the financial statements. So that it raises carbon accounting, which is the companies to recognize, measure, record, present and disclose carbon emissions. This study aims to examine and obtain empirical evidence on determinants of carbon emissions disclosure at BUMN companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Several factors involved in this study, there are profitability, leverage, and firm size. In addition, population of this study is 20 BUMN companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Meanwhile, sample is selected using purposive sampling technique which produced 75 unit of analysis. This study also uses content analysis techniques on annual reports and/or sustainability reports in 5 years to measure carbon emission disclosure. Data collection is conducted by documentation technique. Moreover, panel data regression with Eviews version 9 applications to select panel estimation technique including chow test, hausman test and langrange multiplier test. Results indicate that profitability have significant and negative effect on carbon emission disclosure. While the leverage and firm size have significant and positive effect on carbon emission disclosure.
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Gagné, Vincent, and Sylvie Berthelot. "The evolution of corporate reporting on GHG emissions: A Canadian portrait." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 5, no. 2 (2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv5i2p2.
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This paper examines the evolution of the extent to which firms with a high greenhouse gases (GHG) emission impact complied with Chartered Professional Accountants (CPA) Canada guidelines on climate change disclosures, as well as the factors that influenced these disclosures. The sample is comprised of Canadian firms in the mining, energy, and chemical sectors. The study measures the influence of the firms’ political exposure and media visibility, their audit firm, the presence of an environment committee, their ownership structure, and their financial performance on their GHG emissions disclosures. Our findings show that these disclosures considerably evolved over the 10 year period from 2007 to 2017 and that this evolution was in the form of a leap rather than a slow and steady learning curve. We also confirmed the significant influence of the environment committee, political exposure, and media visibility on this evolution. Our empirical results corroborate the work of DiMaggio and Powell (1983), outlining the important role normative pressures play in voluntary GHG emissions disclosure firms make in order to secure the legitimacy conferred by society (Suchman, 1995)
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Sariannidis, Nikolaos, George Konteos, and Grigoris Giannarakis. "The effects of greenhouse gas emissions and governance factors on corporate socially responsibility disclosure." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 2 (2015): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i2p8.
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This paper investigates the impact of a plausible set of determinants, namely, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), anti-bribery policy, the industry’s profile and the company’s size on the extent of CSR disclosure in the United States (US). The Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure score is used as a proxy for the extent of CSR disclosure calculated by Bloomberg, incorporating different - in terms of importance - disclosure items. The relationship between the extent of CSR disclosure and its determinants was examined using multiple linear regression analysis incorporating 133 companies listed in S&P Composite 1500 Index for the year 2011. The results illustrate that the company’s size, GHG emissions, DJSI and anti-bribery policy are significantly positively associated with the extent of CSR disclosure. In addition, there are significant differences among the industries’ profile concerning the extent of CSR disclosure. The results cannot be generalized because the sample is based on US listed companies for the year 2011. This study presents initial empirical data investigating different types of disclosures and determinants which extend the scope of previous studies
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Ratmono, Dwi, Darsono Darsono, Nur Cahyonowati, and Triana Chaerun Niza. "Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Disclosure, Corporate Characteristics and Governance: An Empirical Investigation on Indonesian Firms." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13487.
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Currently the world is facing global warming, one of the causes of which is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For these reasons, the disclosure of GHG emission information is one of the interesting research areas. However, previous research generally focused on developed countries with inconsistent findings. In this sense, this study aims to contribute to GHG disclosure by analyzing the characteristics of firms as determinants of GHG emission disclosure in a developing country, Indonesia. This study also analyzed the role of corporate governance consisting of the structure of the board of commissioners and the effectiveness of the audit committee in moderating the effect of corporate characteristics on GHG emission disclosure. The sample consisted of 69 firms-years companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results of testing with Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that the structure of the board of commissioners; consisting of indicators of independence, women representation, and the number of members of the board of commissioners; strengthened the leverage effect on GHG emission disclosure. The results of the moderation test also showed that the effectiveness of the audit committee can encourage firms with high leverage and poor performance to reveal more GHG emissions.
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Li, Shouhao, Weiquan Cheng, Jingjing Li, and Hao Shen. "Corporate Social Responsibility Development and Climate Change: Regional Evidence of China." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111859.
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This study analyzed Chinese companies’ behavior regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, and its impact on national and regional climate change measured by carbon emissions. CSR disclosure, supported by existing theories, is considered a powerful tool to curb climate change issues. We combined data of companies’ publicly traded annual financial reports and CSR reports from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database and provincial macroeconomic statistics from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics to run panel regressions. The results verify the following: (a) China is in a relatively early stage of CSR development, and Chinese firms’ internal incentives to adopt CSR projects are low since none of the internal factors researched contribute to CSR disclosure. (b) External factors work slightly better for CSR practices, but at the same time, the CSR regulations still need further improvement. (c) The current CSR disclosure practices do not have a clear impact on carbon emission reduction, contrary to some predictions that CSR could help reduce carbon emissions.
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Firmansyah, Amrie, Pramuji Handra Jadi, Wahyudi Febrian, and Deddy Sismanyudi. "PENGARUH TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON DI INDONESIA." JURNAL INFORMASI, PERPAJAKAN, AKUNTANSI, DAN KEUANGAN PUBLIK 16, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jipak.v16i2.9420.
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<p><em>The company has a significant contribution to industrialization, which results in global warming and climate change in the world. This condition can threaten the future of the world, including in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance on the disclosure of carbon emissions in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data sourced from financial statements available at www.idnfinancials.com. The sample used in this study was a manufacturing company from 2016 to 2019. By using purposive sampling, the sample obtained in the study is 260 observations. The research data were analyzed using multiple linear regression for panel data. This study concludes that the implementation of good governance and firm size are positively associated with emission carbon disclosure. The implementation of good corporate governance can increase the transparency of information provided to the public voluntarily, including information on carbon emissions produced by companies. Besides, the large companies tend to be transparent in their carbon emissions disclosure to the public. This research indicates that the government needs to regulate policies related to managing carbon emissions produced by companies to encourage companies to implement sustainability issues. In addition, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) needs to carry out monitoring related to the implementation of corporate governance implemented by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. </em></p>
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Ganu, Josephine, and Hannah Fosuaa Amo. "A systematic review of corporate carbon accounting and disclosure practices: Charting the path to carbon neutrality." Journal of Research in Emerging Markets 2, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/jrems.v2i4.547.
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The study examined the theoretical motivation for carbon disclosure and its adequacy for deliberate responsible action. Generally, there is an increase in corporate carbon disclosures in the business sector. Organizations are mostly disclosing their carbon emissions through annual reports, integrated reports, or stand-alone sustainability reports for different reasons and motives. However, the study infers that the quality and adequacy of the current disclosures are debatable due to a lack of consistency and technical details. The causal reason may be due to the inherently voluntary nature of the corporate carbon disclosure. The study finds that there is less research on carbon accounting and disclosures in developing countries especially, in Africa. There is a need for organizations to streamline the application and approaches to carbon accounting. The study suggests the necessity for government regulators and standard setters in accounting to provide a framework that will guide carbon disclosure practices.
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Rusli, Yohanes Mardinata. "ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ASEAN: SOCIAL DISCLOSURE AS MODERATING." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND GOVERNANCE 6, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36766/ijag.v6i2.299.
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This study discusses the factors of environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and corporate social disclosure that affect corporate financial performance. The current global warming is worrying enough that the country's leaders are committed to reducing the level of carbon emissions in each country. Environmental disclosures and social disclosures that must exist during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been implemented due to large-scale social restriction regulations from the government, so they cannot be disclosed. The research subject is a mining company in one of the largest ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia. Meanwhile, the object of this research is the Annual Report and Sustainability Report for the period 2018-2021 published on each ASEAN country's Stock Exchanges website. The study results show that Environmental Disclosure significantly influences the Financial Performance of mining companies listed on the IDX in 2018-2020
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Widagdo, A. K., B. A. Rahanyamtel, and S. R. Ika. "The impact of audit committee characteristics, financial performance, and listing age on greenhouse gas emission disclosures of highly emitted industry in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012047.
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Abstract Greenhouse gas or carbon emissions produced by manufacturing operations and other highly emitted industries are causes of global warming. Therefore, either in the sustainability reporting or in the corporate social and environmental reporting section, as stated in the annual report, the company usually discloses its activities related to carbon emission handling for sustainable business. In Indonesia, however, the extent of carbon emission disclosures is voluntary. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of audit committee characteristics, financial performance, and listing age on carbon emissions reporting of highly emitted companies in Indonesia. Audit committee characteristics were measured by the number of audit committee members and the number of audit committee meetings, while Altman financial distress model measured financial performance. A checklist based on the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions disclosures. This study uses 99 companies of highly emitted industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Results of multiple regression analysis indicate that the number of audit committee meetings positively affects the greenhouse gas emissions report. The result suggests that the more active the audit committee in the company in conducting meetings, the higher the company’s incentives to disclose carbon emission in the company’s annual report or the sustainability reporting. The study provides insight into the regulation released by the capital market authority agency regarding strengthening factors that may influence listed companies to report their carbon emission.
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Depoers, Florence, Thomas Jeanjean, and Tiphaine Jérôme. "Voluntary Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Contrasting the Carbon Disclosure Project and Corporate Reports." Journal of Business Ethics 134, no. 3 (November 8, 2014): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2432-0.
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Luo, Laura Le, and Qingliang Tang. "Does National Culture Influence Corporate Carbon Disclosure Propensity?" Journal of International Accounting Research 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51131.
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ABSTRACTThis study examines the influence of culture on management's response to the challenge of climate change, as manifested in firms' voluntary participation in carbon disclosure via the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). We argue that national culture impacts managerial attitudes and philosophies about environmental protection and thus affects the willingness as well as the extent to which managers recognize the need for emissions control and disclosure. Based on a sample of 1,762 firms from 33 countries, we find that cultural dimensions of masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance are strongly and consistently related to carbon disclosure propensity, regardless of whether G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede, and Minkov (2010) or Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) culture measures are used. Our results also show individualism and long-term orientation has significant impact under the Hofstede measure, although not under GLOBE measures, after controlling for other compounding factors. In addition, our evidence implies that national culture may moderate the effect of carbon control mechanisms, such as emissions trading schemes. Finally, the empirical evidence indicates that the impact of culture is not sensitive to national wealth and industry membership. The findings suggest culture exerts incremental influences beyond economic and regulatory incentives and therefore should be adequately considered in the combat against global warming and particularly in negotiations for an international climate agreement that is more acceptable to societies with disparate cultural backgrounds.
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Nowlan, Aileen, James Fine, Timothy O’Connor, and Spencer Burget. "Pollution Accounting for Corporate Actions: Quantifying the Air Emissions and Impacts of Transportation System Choices Case Study: Food Freight and the Grocery Industry in Los Angeles." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810194.
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Credible corporate commitments to environmental and sustainability outcomes build upon reasonable estimates of corporate impacts and realistic plans to ameliorate those impacts. Although many companies have already begun to account for their goods movement emissions, the vast majority of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures do not. This report creates and critically evaluates two complementary accounting mechanisms for air pollution emissions resulting from local transportation systems—for use in ESG disclosure and impact mitigation planning. These mechanisms are applied to a case study of businesses involved in food freight in Los Angeles: demonstrating the scope of local goods movement impacts on air quality and climate, and paving a path for additional analyses to follow. By quantifying the scope of impact from certain business and supply chain operations, this analysis makes the case for enhanced corporate responsibility by documenting and then reducing transportation system emissions from supply chain and logistics systems.
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Monica, Monica, Fransiskus Eduardus Daromes, and Suwandi Ng. "The Role of Women on Boards as A Mechanism to Improve Carbon Emission Disclosure and Firm Value." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p11.
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This study investigates the role of women on boards as a mechanism to improve carbon emission disclosure, as a mediating effect influence on firm value. The population includes 122 nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019. The results of path analysis reveal that women on boards have a positive and significant effect on carbon emission disclosure, a positive but insignificant effect on firm value, and that carbon emission disclosure is pivotal in mediating women on boards and firm value. This study provides insights that persuade companies to maintain relationships with stakeholders by implementing environmental awareness and disclosing sustainability reports. Carbon emission disclosure as part of the sustainability report is a form of good corporate action in maintaining the balance of living systems on earth.
Keywords: women on boards, carbon emissions disclosure, firm value
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Lee, Hyunah, and Jaehong Lee. "Industry Competition, Corporate Governance, and Voluntary Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Information: Evidence from South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 16272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316272.
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This study investigates the relationship between industry competition and managers’ voluntary disclosure policies and examined how the corporate governance structure affects this relationship in South Korean companies. The fiercer the competition within the industry to which the company belongs, the higher the incentive for managers to perform strategic actions to improve their competition status. This increase in the strategic incentives of managers can be seen through voluntary disclosure policies. The empirical results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that there was a negative relationship between the degree of industry competition and the level of voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions information. This means that managers perform less disclosure to maximize the value of the company because the more competition within the industry intensifies, the higher the proprietary cost of disclosing information on greenhouse gas emissions information. Second, it was found that the corporate governance structure weakened the relationship between the degree of industry competition and the level of corporate voluntary disclosure. These results can be interpreted as that a good governance structure supports such managers’ disclosure decisions because managers are more likely to choose disclosure policies to maximize the value of the company than personal benefits even in the fierce industry competition.
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Mia, Parvez, Tarek Rana, and Lutfa Tilat Ferdous. "Government Reform, Regulatory Change and Carbon Disclosure: Evidence from Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 13282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313282.
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This paper examines the effect of two Australian environmental regulatory changes, specifically the Clean Energy Act (CEA) 2011 and the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) Act 2007 with reference to voluntary corporate carbon disclosure practices. In doing so, it describes the brief history of this carbon-related regulatory change, its scope, enforcement criteria and corporations’ disclosures. This is a longitudinal analysis of 219 annual reports of 73 listed corporations in Australia which were subjected to carbon tax and report carbon emissions as per the CEA 2011 and NGER Act 2007 accordingly. Any corporation or facility that emitted scope 1 emissions of 25,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) or more were liable for a carbon tax in accordance with CEA 2011. Drawing on stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory, this study uses content analysis to examine corporate carbon disclosure. The findings suggest there is a considerable increase in the number of carbon-related disclosures following these regulations being enacted as law. In addition, carbon-specific communication has become much more prevalent and accounts for a larger proportion of the sampled organisations’ reported environmental information. The results of this study enrich the validity of the hypothesis that organisations would seek to legitimise their operations to stakeholders by increasing their environment-related declarations. The evidence presented in the analysis confirms the assertion that government environmental legislation/regulation has a positive impact on corporate behaviour and accountability. These findings have significant consequences for the government, decision-makers and the accounting profession, indicating that regulatory guidance enhances both mandatory and voluntary disclosure. It also offers key insights into the possible impacts of the carbon regulatory change for future research to consider.
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Lee, Jaehong. "CEO Overconfidence and Voluntary Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: With a Focus on the Role of Corporate Governance." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116054.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between overconfident CEOs, voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions and firm value, and whether corporate (internal and external) governance affects this association. Using logistic regression and a firm-fixed effect model, I analyzed a sample of voluntary disclosing firms with the fiscal year in December that are listed in the Korean stock market for the period from 2011 to 2019, measuring corporate governance based on female representation within boards and industry-level competition. As a result, this study finds that, on average, CEO overconfidence is positively related to voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, in firms with more female representation on boards, the positive relationship between CEO overconfidence, voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, and firm value is more pronounced, implying that women directors effectively monitor overconfident CEOs. Similarly, this positive relationship is also strengthened according to the degree of industry-level competition, which indicates that the external governance role of competition can alleviate CEO overconfidence. This study is meaningful as the first study to examine the effect of voluntary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure on investors’ valuation in the Korean capital market, taking the characteristics of managers and governance structure into account.
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Pencle, Nadra. "Voluntary Disclosure of GHG Emissions: Contrasting the CDP with Corporate Reports." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 37, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.2017.1376910.
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Vozykova, S., and Y. A. Kustikov. "Current trends and key limitations of climate-related disclosure by Russian companies." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 866, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/866/1/012030.
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Abstract Climate-related disclosure and reporting have become major topics of the discussion among the key players influencing business decisions in the past few years. The United Kingdom and other countries’ plans regarding mandatory climate-related disclosure for the major listed companies, investors’ enquires about CDP questionnaires to be filled and European Union actively promoting its carbon neutral plans influence Russian business community decisions. In order to comply with the latest trends and future demands it is critical to assess corporate carbon footprint correctly, especially for the most carbon intensive companies specialising in mining and steel production, which can be seriously affected by the forecasted EU Carbon Border Tax towards carbon intensive imported products. Although, currently there are some limitations which may misrepresent some of the Russian companies’ greenhouse gas emissions calculation results, and further decarbonisation initiatives. One of the key reasons is a lack of national methodological guidelines and emissions factors provided by the Russian ministries and research centres, which have to guide Russian companies in the field of regional-based emissions assessment. This article examines the current trends of climate-related disclosure based on the CDP scores of Russian companies and discusses the potential ways of improving the national methodological support in order to provide quality and credible data connected with the climate risk management and disclosure. The most important drawbacks were identified, such as the lack of methodological guidelines and emission factors for calculating direct greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1), regional emissions factors for calculating indirect energy emissions (Scope 2) for the Russian Federation, as well as the lack of both methodological guidelines and emissions factors database for calculating other indirect emissions (Scope 3). Finally, the expected consequences of such methodological disadvantages were described, and the recommended steps to improve the effectiveness of this climate-related disclosure practice were proposed.
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Ararat, Melsa, and Borhan Sayedy. "Gender and Climate Change Disclosure: An Interdimensional Policy Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 7217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247217.
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This paper investigates the impact of corporate boards’ gender diversity on voluntary public disclosure of climate change risks in an emerging economy context in which environmental regulations are weak and markets are ineffective. The investigation relies on data from the CDP (formerly known as the Carbon Disclosure Project) as a corporate sustainability reporting initiative supported by institutional investors, based on a sample of Turkish firms that were invited to disclose their climate change risks and greenhouse gas emissions over the period of 2010–2019 through the CDP platform. We report that the presence of women on board committees, as a proxy for their active involvement in corporate governance, increases the likelihood of voluntary climate change disclosure. We, on the other hand, found no evidence of a positive impact on climate change reporting with women’s overall representation in boards. These findings lend support to board reforms that aim to increase effective representation of women on boards for the better management of sustainability risks and responsiveness to stakeholder demands in countries where legislators are reluctant to introduce climate change reforms.
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Lee, Jaehong. "Voluntary Disclosure of Carbon Emissions Information, Managerial Ability, and Credit Ratings." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 7504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127504.
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This paper examines the relationship between the voluntary disclosure of carbon emissions information and credit ratings, and whether managerial ability affects this association. I examine a sample of 7996 non-financial companies with fiscal year-end in December listed in the Korea Stock Exchange Market (KSE) for the period of 2011–2019. Using CDP reports to measure the voluntary disclosure of carbon emissions information, this study reports that, on average, credit ratings can be increased through the proactive disclosure activities of environmental problems in South Korea. Moreover, in companies managed by competent managers, the positive association between the voluntary disclosure of carbon emissions information and credit ratings is pronounced, implying that competent managers encourage the disclosure of qualitative information to assess the intrinsic corporate value. These results are robust even after analyses with different empirical models.
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Tang, Yongjun, Jun Zhu, Wenchao Ma, and Mengxue Zhao. "A Study on the Impact of Institutional Pressure on Carbon Information Disclosure: The Mediating Effect of Enterprise Peer Influence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074174.
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Enterprises should bear the main responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions. Disclosing carbon emission information is one of the important ways for enterprises to deal with climate change. Taking China’s A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2018 as the research sample, we study the impact of external explicit institutional pressure and implicit institutional pressure on corporate carbon information disclosure and analyze the mediating effect of enterprise peer influence in carbon disclosure. The empirical results show that external institutional pressure, namely environmental regulation and Confucian culture, has a significant positive impact on enterprise carbon information disclosure. Enterprise peer influence has a certain mediating effect between external institutional pressure and carbon information disclosure. The government should formulate and improve the carbon information disclosure institution and strengthen external supervision through the joint participation of all sectors of society.
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Datt, Ragini Rina, Le Luo, and Qingliang Tang. "Corporate voluntary carbon disclosure strategy and carbon performance in the USA." Accounting Research Journal 32, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-02-2017-0031.
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Purpose This study aims to examine whether good carbon performers disclose more carbon information overall than poor performers, and if yes, how firms select different types of carbon information to signal their genuine superior carbon performance. Design/methodology/approach The level of disclosure is measured based on content analysis of Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) reports. The study sample consists of 487 US companies that voluntarily participated in the CDP survey from 2011 to 2012. The authors use the t-test and multiple regression models for analyses. Findings The results consistently indicate that firms with better carbon performance disclose a greater amount of overall carbon information, supporting the signalling theory. In addition, in contrast to previous studies that merely consider the overall disclosure level, the authors also investigate disclosure of each major aspect of carbon activities. The results show that good carbon performers disclose more key carbon items, such as goods and services that avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, external verification and carbon accounting, to signal their true type. Research limitations/implications This study has some limitations. The authors rely on CDP reports for analysis and focus on the largest companies in the USA. Caution should be exercised when generalising the results to other countries, smaller firms or voluntary carbon information disclosed in other communications channels. Practical implications Because carbon disclosure has already been moving from a voluntary to mandatory requirement in many jurisdictions, the format and content of CDP reports might be considered for a formal standalone GHG statement. Based on the results, the authors believe that there should be industry-specific disclosure guidelines, and more disclosure should be made at the project level. Originality/value In the context of climate change, this study provides support for the signalling theory by utilising the relationship between voluntary carbon disclosure and performance. The study also provides empirical evidence on how companies may use different types of carbon information to signal their underlying carbon performance.
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Afni, Zalida, Lindawati Gani, Chaerul D. Djakman, and Elvia Sauki. "THE EFFECT OF GREEN STRATEGY AND GREEN INVESTMENT TOWARD CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE." International Journal of Business Review (The Jobs Review) 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/tjr.v1i2.13879.
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This research aims to test the influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions. Global warming leads to extreme climate change in various places around the world including in Indonesia. There is strong evidence that it is caused by human activity, mainly from burning fossil fuels so as to have an impact on the increasing greenhouse gases. One of the company's efforts in reducing the impact of carbon emissions is by disclosure of carbon emissions. Research on the relationship of the disclosure of carbon emissions by a factor of green strategy and green investments at private sector organization is still relatively limited and there are differences in the methods used. This research contributes to providing empirical evidence about the influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions. Research on the relationship of the disclosure of carbon emissions by a factor of green strategy and green investments at private sector organization is still relatively limited and there are differences in the methods used. This research contributes to providing empirical evidence about the influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions. This research using a sample of companies listed on stock exchanges in the country which is included in the rate of carbon emissions in the world, namely Indonesia and German. This study uses data from the 2014-2016 period in the annual report and the corporate sustainability report. The results showed that there is a significant influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions
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Hardiyansah, Mohammad, and Aisa Tri Agustini. "CARBON EMISSIONS DISCLOSURE AND FIRM VALUE: DOES ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE MODERATE THIS RELATIONSHIP?" Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam (Journal of Islamic Economics and Business) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jebis.v7i1.24463.
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The objectives of this research is to examine the role of environmental performance in the relation between carbon emissions disclosure and firm value. A measurement tool using content analysis method to measure carbon emissions disclosure that adopts a checklist from the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). Firm value is proxies with Tobin's Q, while environmental performance is assessed based on the results of the environmental management performance appraisal program (PROPER). Sample of this study using 34 companies that listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) from 2014 to 2019. Moderated regression analysis (MRA) is used to test the hypothesis. The results indicate the carbon emissions disclosure has a positive and significant effect on firm value. This research also found that there is an evidence that environmental performance can strengthen the relation of carbon emissions disclosure to firm value, due to the company's efforts by participating in the PROPER program is a form of corporate responsibility in an effort to reduce the impact of environmental damage arising from the company's operational activities which have been responded positively by investors.
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Momin, Mahmood Ahmed, Deryl Northcott, and Mohammed Hossain. "Greenhouse gas disclosures by Chinese power companies: trends, content and strategies." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-07-2015-0054.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG)-related disclosure trends, content and strategies of the eight most high GHG-emitting Chinese power companies, over a period when government pressure to manage GHG emissions increased. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from the 2000-2009 annual reports, corporate social and environmental responsibility reports and websites of eight Chinese power companies. Content analysis results were supplemented with excerpts from documents written in English or Chinese. Legitimacy theory informed the interpretation of the findings. Findings GHG-related disclosures increased from 2002 when the Chinese Government ratified the Kyoto Protocol and promulgated stringent environmental regulations. However, some expected types of GHG-related disclosure were absent or rare. Disclosure practices were found to be underpinned by reputation management objectives and reflected a symbolic rather than substantive legitimation strategy. Research limitations/implications This study extends the literature on GHG-related disclosures by carbon-intensive firms and points to the need for future research to examine such disclosures in different countries to appreciate the variety in practice. Practical implications While the Chinese Government appears to have driven the emergence of GHG-related disclosure practices, companies can effect improvement by expanding the scope and content of what they disclose. Also, the growing emphasis on website disclosures may present challenges in ensuring the reliability and assurance of GHG disclosures. Originality/value This is the first study to examine GHG-related disclosure practices by Chinese power-generating companies, a sector crucial to managing the GHG effects of China’s significant economic growth.
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방시영 and Byungseop Yoon. "The Impact of Public Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Corporate Value." Journal of Business Education 32, no. 2 (April 2018): 181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.34274/krabe.2018.32.2.008.
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Kim, Eunsoo. "The Effect of Female Personnel on the Voluntary Disclosure of Carbon Emissions Information." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 13247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013247.
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This paper examines the effect of female personnel (female executives and female employees) on corporate voluntary disclosure policy on carbon emission information. The study is motivated from the recent fact that the laws and systems related to female workers are rapidly changing as the social and economic status of women in South Korea has recently improved. In a sample of 9406 firm-year observations over the period from 2014 to 2020, the higher the proportion of female executives, the higher the frequency of voluntary disclosure on carbon emission information. These results are the same even when the female workforce was measured as the proportion of general female employees. Therefore, it can be said that the existence of female personnel at the management and practice level plays a significant role in improving voluntary disclosure quality. By considering the impact of gender manpower composition on enhancing corporate transparency, it provides evidence that market participants can have a positive view on the quality of information environment provided by companies with a high proportion of female personnel.
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Yu, Jinhan. "Research on Carbon Cap-and-trade Policies and Corporate Low-carbon Value Creation." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 6, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v6i2.2779.
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With global warming, governments have introduced carbon emission reduction policies, among which carbon cap-and-trade policies have been implemented with remarkable effects. As the main carrier of carbon emissions, cap-and-trade policies greatly affect their operational objectives and decision-making environment. Through literature review, it can be determined that carbon information disclosure and increasing carbon assets can enhance the value of enterprises, and thus improve their competitiveness in the market. Finally, the limitations in the existing research are described and future research directions are provided.
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Luo, Le, and Qingliang Tang. "Carbon tax, corporate carbon profile and financial return." Pacific Accounting Review 26, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-09-2012-0046.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the impact of the proposed carbon tax on the financial market return of Australian firms. It also considers the differential tax effect on individual firms with different carbon profiles, including factors such as emissions costs, carbon disclosure and climate-change policies. Design/methodology/approach – Utilising the event-study method, the authors examine the market reaction to seven key carbon legislative information events that occurred from February 2011 to November 2011. The sample includes 48 different firms whose emissions-related data are available from Carbon Disclosure Project reports; thus, 336 firm-event observations are used for the cross-sectional analysis. Findings – The paper documents evidence that the proposed tax has an overall negative impact on shareholder wealth as measured by abnormal returns. The negative impact varies across sectors, with the most significant effect found in the materials, industrial and financial sectors. It was also found that a firm’s direct carbon exposure (as measured by Scope 1 emissions) is significantly associated with abnormal returns, whereas the indirect exposure (as measured by Scope 2 emissions) is not, because Scope 2 emissions are not covered by the tax. In addition, the findings suggest that the information content of the events is more notable during the early stages of the development of the carbon tax. Research limitations/implications – The sample is restricted to the largest firms with relevant carbon profile information. Thus, caution should be exercised when generalising the inferences. Practical implications – The introduction of the carbon tax was largely unexpected and most firms were unprepared for it; thus, their carbon policy appears inadequate and does not impress investors. An understanding of how the carbon tax affects shareholder value and welfare will encourage management to take proactive actions to mitigate the compliance costs of carbon legislation. Originality/value – The enactment of the Australian carbon tax perhaps represents one of the biggest social and economic restructuring events in the country’s history. Our results offer initial insight into its impact and suggest that investors would penalise firms with heavy direct operational emissions. In addition, Australian corporate carbon policy seems inadequate, so does not reverse the negative effect of the tax on the value of a firm.
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Hapsari, Cantika Anindya, and Andrian Budi Prasetyo. "Analyze Factors That Affect Carbon Emission Disclosure (Case Study in Non-Financial Firms Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2016)." Accounting Analysis Journal 9, no. 2 (September 27, 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v9i2.38262.
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The objective of this study is to find out what factors that can have an impact on carbon emissions disclosure in non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that publish sustainability reports for the year 2014-2016. The variables that would be tested in this study are independent variables consisting of industry type, company size, profitability, leverage and corporate governance, as well as the dependent variable which is the carbon emissions disclosure. Based on secondary data and purposive sampling methods, a total of 57 companies were obtained as research samples. Multiple linear regression is used as a model analysis of this study. Based on the test results, it has been found that the variables that have a significant influence on the level of carbon emissions disclosure are industry type, company size and leverage, while the remaining variables were found to have no significant effect.
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Hassan, Omaima A. G., and Peter Romilly. "Relations between corporate economic performance, environmental disclosure and greenhouse gas emissions: New insights." Business Strategy and the Environment 27, no. 7 (February 13, 2018): 893–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2040.
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Rizk, Mona Fathi, Hayah Mohamed Abouelnaga, and Sahar Ahmed Fallatah. "A Proposed Framework to Integrate Sustainability into Industrial Small to Medium Business Practices: Challenges and Expectations. A Field Study on Saudi Business Organization." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 01 (January 9, 2020): 1471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i01.em01.
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Purpose: Corporate Performance Evaluation Program (PROPER) has some objectives such as curbing carbon emissions. This program evaluates and assigns ratings to the companies' performance in managing environment. This study aims to (1) examine the effects of environmental performance (PROPER rating) on Carbon Emissions Disclosure (CED); and (2) identify the determinants of PROPER rating. Results: Reckoning with carbon emissions checklist from Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), data are gathered from 144 firms. The average of CED among Indonesian manufacturing companies is still relatively low (24%). Path analysis shows that CED is influenced by PROPER rating and Board Size, but not by Leverage and Profitability. Conclusion: Board Size and Profitability are important determinants of PROPER rating, but Leverage and Company Size are not. PROPER is considered effective to improve companies’ transparency in managing carbon emissions among Indonesian manufacturing companies.
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Melloni, Gaia. "Climate change reporting: a commentary on key issues." Die Unternehmung 74, no. 3 (2020): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0042-059x-2020-3-312.
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Firms are more and more considered key actors for the attainment of sustainable development goals, including climate change (CC) action. Corporate reporting on carbon emissions and CC related issues is considered fundamental not only to evaluate companies’ contributions to CC mitigation, but also to assess how CC affects organizations and how they are adapting to it. The importance of CC reporting has been acknowledged by the Financial Stability Board who has established, in 2015, the Task Force on Climate related Financial Disclosure (TCFD) to promote and set recommendations for an effective CC disclosure. Existing research documents conflicting results on the factors facilitating the implementation of CC reporting. In this commentary, I review prior literature on CC related disclosure with a particular focus on the most recent findings on the significant economic and ecological factors associated with it. I highlight that size bias, involvement of governance, relationship with emissions activity, integration in corporate reporting and assurance represent the key issues in such domain. I corroborate such findings in lights of early evidence on the TCFD implementation which points at the same factors representing challenges for an effective CC disclosure. This analysis could be of interest for academics, to develop future research on relevant although controversial areas, and for firms, policy makers and other stakeholders to unveil critical issues to be considered in the implementation of CC reporting.
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Salsa, Salsa Khairunisa, and Hotman Tohir pohan. "PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON, KINERJA LINGKUNGAN DAN BIAYA LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN." Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti 2, no. 2 (August 11, 2022): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jet.v2i2.14144.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the direct and indirect effects of carbon emissions disclosure, environmental performance and Environmental Cost on the company's financial performance. The population of this study is companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2017 - 2020.
The sample in this study werw 92 companies with a purposive sampling method. The types of data in this study are secondary data in the form sustainability reports, annual reports and financial reports contained on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website www.idx.co.id and related to the Corporate Performance Rating (PROPER) Program for 2017-2020 . The results show that Environmental Cost not been approved against ROS, environmental performance and carbon emissions disclosure against ROS
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Dragomir, Voicu D. "The disclosure of industrial greenhouse gas emissions: a critical assessment of corporate sustainability reports." Journal of Cleaner Production 29-30 (July 2012): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.01.024.
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Freedman, Martin, and A. J. Stagliano. "Accounting Disclosures of Toxics Release Inventory for 2002." Accounting and the Public Interest 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2008.8.1.21.
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The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), published annually by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, contains a rich collection of data about hazardous chemical emissions of American industrial facilities. Mandated by the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, the TRI is a novel attempt at stimulating pollution control through self-reported disclosure of environmental degradation activities. TRI data are collected and reported at the level of the emitting plant. For each reporting location, information is given by chemical type. This study attempts to determine whether mandated TRI disclosures are carried over to financial reports and other publicly available sources of information about the firm's performance. We examined disclosures of the 200 highest-volume emitters of toxic chemical wastes for 2002 and found no correlation between the level of such releases—as reported in the TRI—and extensiveness of company reporting in non-TRI sources. Separately, we tested for a relationship between the volume of carcinogenic compounds released and financial statement disclosure by these same firms. We found none. Larger companies in our sample (measured by asset size) did appear to be better reporters of their emissions in non-TRI sources than their smaller counterparts in the study. Companies have little motivation to provide an aggregation of the plant-level data they produce for the TRI. The evidence developed in this research is that stakeholders are not supplied with decision-relevant company-wide data regarding TRI-included data. Since firms do not disclose these data, we believe that the usefulness of the TRI would be significantly enhanced if each emitting facility were identified by its highest corporate-level owner.