To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Corporate governance Corporations, Government.
Journal articles on the topic 'Corporate governance Corporations, Government'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Corporate governance Corporations, Government.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lisowski, Piotr. "Skargi korporacyjno-samorządowe a samodzielność jednostek samorządu terytorialnego – kontekst samorządowych form demokracji bezpośredniej." Studia Iuridica, no. 85 (March 15, 2021): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-85.5.
Full textAbstract:
The independence of the entities of territorial self-government (of the bodies of these self-governing associations) should assume corporateness and self-governance as both the basic and intended features of territorial self-government. As the members of relevant territorial corporations, commune (district, province) inhabitants should have the legal ability to emphasise that territorial self-government derives “from” a territorial corporation, should create opportunities for acting “through” this corporation and “for” the corporation and its members. The legal remedies serving this end include the relatively unresearched and undeveloped measure of corporate and self-governmental complaints (that can be filed with the court by a member of a specific territorial corporation in regard with the in/activity of their home territorial self-government entity).
2
CIEPLEY, DAVID. "Is the U.S. Government a Corporation? The Corporate Origins of Modern Constitutionalism." American Political Science Review 111, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000041.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Constitution is best understood not as a “social contract,” but as a popularly issued corporate charter. The earliest American colonies were literal corporations of the Crown and, like all corporations, were ruled by limited governments established by their charters. From this, Americans derived their understanding of what a constitution is—the written charter of a sovereign that ordains and limits a government. The key Federalist innovation was to substitute the People for the King as the chartering sovereign. This effectively transferred the “governance technology” of the corporation to the civil government—including the practice of delegating authority via a written charter, charter amendment, and judicial review. Federalists used these corporate practices to frame a government that united seeming irreconcilables—a government energetic yet limited, republican yet mixed, popular yet antipopulist—yielding a corporate solution to the problem of arbitrary rule. Leading founders considered this new government a literal chartered corporation of the People.
3
Malkawi, Bashar H. "Editorial: Corporate governance and COVID-19 in the context of coming drastic changes." Corporate Board role duties and composition 16, no. 3 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv16i3editorial.
Full textAbstract:
Corporate governance faces a new set of challenges in light of COVID-19. Corporations would have to reduce their finance by assuming more debt and providing dividends for shareholders. This will lead to a stable financial environment. Corporations might choose among diverse interests that would include a mix of government interests and concentrated ownership. Also, as a result of increase in the use of technology, there will a shift in the bargaining power between capital and labor as corporations will have a wide spectrum in hiring employees worldwide. As we have seen over the past few years, there is increasing pressure to limit foreign investment in strategic sectors and focus on national security screening for foreign corporation accruing domestic firms. This trend is expected to continue as a result of COVID-19 as countries are trying to shore up their economics against external shocks. Moreover, there would be an increase in government ownership in corporations and other types of controls. The presence of the COVID-19 health crisis is likely to push the debate toward stakeholder perception of the corporation, shifting away – over the next few years – from shareholders’ interests. There could be even more focus on employees and the role they play in the corporation. Employees are expected to act as active players in running the affairs of the corporation. Overall, these topics are addressed in the current issue of Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition.
4
Mugarura, Norman. "The juxtaposition of success and failure of corporate governance procedures." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 379–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-07-2013-0047.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The paper aims to explore a multiplicity of corporate governance issues in the narrow purview of different corporate governance systems and procedures across jurisdictional contexts. It shows a correlation between proper implementation of rules and procedures in a corporation for determining the success or failure of corporations. The paper also posits that however robust internal corporate rules and procedures are, the recent experiences have demonstrated that the fate of corporation could also be dictated beyond the remit of individual corporations by extraneous factors such as globalisation. This was vividly underscored by the recent global financial crisis (2008-2010) and its devastating consequences on well-managed corporation worldwide. The author has structured the paper into two parts – part one and part two. Part one is designed to explore the dynamics of corporate governance in fostering the success or failure of corporations. In part two, the paper examines the interplay between rules and practices in the context of two corporate governance examples –MTN in Uganda and the defunct BCCI (1991) in the UK in corporate success or failure. The former underscores a correlation between effective corporate governance mechanisms in fostering corporate success, whereas the latter underscores how the practice of overlooking corporate rules and procedures could trigger catastrophic consequences for corporations. The paper also tries to tease out how poor corporate governance could be exploited for criminal purposes. This was underscored in the case of the BCCI. The last part underscores how two distinctive corporate governance approaches in MTN (Uganda) and defunct BCCI could proffer a lesson for change of modern corporate governance systems and procedures. Design/methodology/approach The paper was written by way of a comparative analysis of different corporate governance approaches in different jurisdictions and their different implications for the success or failure of corporations. It has examined recent corporate scandals with a view to delineate how lax governance procedures and lack robust oversight of corporation could have played in precipitating conditions for criminal exploitation. Findings The findings of the paper clearly demonstrate a close correlation between good corporate governance and corporate success. It also correlates how lack of robust corporate governance procedures could provide an environment for exploitation of corporation by executives who may have criminal inclination. The lax corporate environment can also be exploited by criminals to perpetuate other forms of criminal activities such as money laundering and fraud. Research limitations/implications The paper was largely undertaken by the analysis of secondary data sources. Because there were no interviews carried to corroborate the foregoing data, it is possible that some of it could have been biased. Undertaking interviews would have mitigated the potential for bias and infused the paper with first-hand experiences from different stakeholders Practical implications The paper underscores how two distinctive corporate governance approaches gleaned in the context of MTN (Uganda) and defunct BCCI (1991) could proffer different approaches for a change in modern corporate governance systems and procedures. Social implications The paper has demonstrated that lack of proper corporate governance procedures and oversight could provide a recipe for criminal exploitation to perpetuate crimes such as money laundering in a corporation. This could have far-reaching implications not only for individuals corporations but also local communities in form of job losses), governments and markets. Originality/value The originality of this paper is manifested that there are no comparable studies undertaken in its purview. It is, therefore, a must-read for both academic and policy purposes.
5
Eberlein, Burkard. "Who Fills the Global Governance Gap? Rethinking the Roles of Business and Government in Global Governance." Organization Studies 40, no. 8 (May 31, 2019): 1125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840619847720.
Full textAbstract:
Political CSR has made great strides towards a better appreciation of the political involvement of corporations in global governance. However, its portrayal of the shifting balance between business and government in the globalized economy rests on a central, yet largely uncontested, assumption: that of a zero-sum constellation of substitution in which firms take on public responsibilities to fill governance gaps left by governments. This conceptual paper expands the political CSR perspective and makes three contributions to the debate on the political role of business and the role of government in global governance. First, it deconstructs the problematic assumptions underlying the zero-sum notion of governance gaps filled by corporations. Second, it offers a variable-sum mapping of how private and public authority interact in global governance where substitution is only one of four constellations. The mapping identifies ‘soft steering’ as a prominent mode of governments governing business conduct. Third, the paper theorizes ‘orchestration’, a ‘soft steering’ tool discussed in the global governance literature, from an organizational, corporate perspective. It identifies the mechanisms through which orchestration may address the barriers to corporate engagement with the public good and applies these mechanisms to the case of the Global Reporting Initiative.
6
Al-habshan, Khalid Saad. "The Current Rights of Minority Shareholders in Saudi Arabia." International Law Research 6, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v6n1p185.
Full textAbstract:
The preceding articles examined the legal framework of corporate governance in Saudi Arabia and the important elements of the institutional framework for Saudi corporate governance. The discussion in this chapter first focuses on government and government-regulated institutions established to enforce compliance and see that the actions of corporations are in line with corporate governance law. This chapter then examines minority shareholdings interests and rights and investigates minority shareholder protection under the CL. In addition, the board of directors is described, which controls and guides firm operations in compliance with corporate governance standards and regulations.
7
Seng, Cheaseth. "Board governance index, financial performance and accountability-emphasis in government business corporations." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1p9.
Full textAbstract:
This study contributes to the growing literature on corporate governance index (CGI) by investigating the impacts a board governance index (BGI) developed in context of government business corporations (GBCs) on their financial performance. In addition, the study tests relevant corporate governance theories, namely agency, networking and resource dependence theories, in the context of GBCs. Concurrently, the study also conducts an exploratory investigation of the relationship between board governance arrangements and emphasis provided by GBCs’ management to processes and systems for discharging accountability requirements (accountability-emphasis). The study found that the current board governance arrangement of GBCs is positively related to financial performance. This finding is consistent with majority of prior studies in context of private sector entities. However, there isn’t any significant relationship found between board governance index and accountability-emphasis.
8
Amonboev, Makhammadsidik. "Increasing the Effectiveness of Investment Management by Introducing Corporate Governance in Joint-Stock Companies." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 5 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.45.3001.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this research is to analyze investment capability of various Joint Stock Companies (JSC) in the territory of the Uzbekistan Republic. It includes current economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Also, this research analyzes important priority of corporations in Uzbekistan which are following: private and public enterprises, corporate organizations and government organizations and corporations itself. Moreover, evaluates each organization briefly and assesses their role in developing economic situation in Uzbekistan.
9
Cihon, Peter, Jonas Schuett, and Seth D. Baum. "Corporate Governance of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Interest." Information 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12070275.
Full textAbstract:
Corporations play a major role in artificial intelligence (AI) research, development, and deployment, with profound consequences for society. This paper surveys opportunities to improve how corporations govern their AI activities so as to better advance the public interest. The paper focuses on the roles of and opportunities for a wide range of actors inside the corporation—managers, workers, and investors—and outside the corporation—corporate partners and competitors, industry consortia, nonprofit organizations, the public, the media, and governments. Whereas prior work on multistakeholder AI governance has proposed dedicated institutions to bring together diverse actors and stakeholders, this paper explores the opportunities they have even in the absence of dedicated multistakeholder institutions. The paper illustrates these opportunities with many cases, including the participation of Google in the U.S. Department of Defense Project Maven; the publication of potentially harmful AI research by OpenAI, with input from the Partnership on AI; and the sale of facial recognition technology to law enforcement by corporations including Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft. These and other cases demonstrate the wide range of mechanisms to advance AI corporate governance in the public interest, especially when diverse actors work together.
10
Cherkasova, Oxana, and Sergey Sosnovskikh. "Legal and social aspects of the state participation in the governance of the large corporations in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022206004.
Full textAbstract:
This paper evaluates the legal status of the Russian federal government as a corporate governance participant using the example of large sectorial companies. The state commonly regulates economic processes and focuses on pursuing the public interest. It also acts as a guarantor of social responsibility, and this affects decision-making processes in state-owned corporations. In Russia, the federal government has always played an essential role in the business activities of enterprises. Many companies are known to be state-owned or have close links to the state authorities and policymakers. This raises an academic debate concerning the development of market competition, state participation, and business environment. We propose approaches to understanding the participation of the state and unitary enterprises in corporate governance in Russia. By employing secondary data analysis as well as examining the Russian legislation in corporate law, we attempt to determine the legal and social status of the federal government in managing large corporations. This study addresses the issues of the duality of the legal status of the government in corporate governance and its impact on managerial decision-making.
11
VORONTSOV, Pavel G. "An action plan to protect and strengthen corporate governance practices in Russian corporations." Digest Finance 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/df.26.1.26.
Full textAbstract:
Subject. The article considers the corporate governance implementation in Russia under modern conditions and evaluates its efficiency. Objectives. The aim is to identify key areas for strengthening and developing the corporate governance practices in Russian companies that will enable to improve the existing corporate governance model. Methods. The study draws on comparative analysis, ranking, classification, formation of ratings on the basis of sociological surveys. Results. The paper includes recommendations on creating a single standard to assess corporate government practices, which should involve three parties, i.e. the business, rating agencies and the State, and consider their interests. I offer a methodology for overall assessment of components investigated by rating agencies that may help investors understand the business activity of companies. Conclusions. Public companies and State-owned corporations demonstrate the best results in the sphere of corporate governance. It is critical to enhance corporate governance in Russia, which implies developing the corporate legislation, improving the law enforcement practice. Companies should be willing to take measures to perfect corporate governance.
12
Bartley, Tim. "Transnational Corporations and Global Governance." Annual Review of Sociology 44, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053540.
Full textAbstract:
Scholars and critics often lament that corporations rule the world, but predominant accounts of global governance imply almost the opposite: With theories populated by national governments and intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, it might appear that nearly everyone except corporations writes the rules that govern across borders. This article compiles research on the varied ways in which multinational and transnational corporations have shaped global governance, drawing attention to the contours and limits of corporate power. Corporations can be seen variously as sponsors, inhibitors, and direct providers of global governance. They have, for example, been sponsors of neoliberal trade rules, inhibitors of some labor and environmental regimes, and providers of private standards for finance, safety, sustainability, and human rights. Scholars may be tempted to focus on just one of these roles or to presume unified corporate dominance, but it is important to grapple with all three and to investigate the conditions under which corporate actions are more or less unified and decisive.
13
Avdasheva, S., and Yu Simachev. "State Corporations: Can We Assess Corporate Governance?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2009): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-6-97-110.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines state corporations as one of the options to organize the governance of state-own assets. The basic legal rules of state corporations contain imbalance between the complexity and diversity of goals and concentration of resources within state corporations, on the one hand, and weak capacity of control over their activity on the ground of formal rules, on the other hand. In these circumstances the direct control by the highest level of governmental authorities over the corporations activity is critical for achieving the state objectives. The important role of the principal and relatively low demand for corporate governance rules are common features of state corporations and modern Russian private companies.
14
Shkilniak, Mykhailo. "Management in the corporate governance system." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(88) (June 6, 2018): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.02.007.
Full textAbstract:
The article points out that the process of introducing market relations in Ukraine and the growing role and importance of joint-stock companies in the economic development of the country and well-being of its citizens have created the need of corporate governance that emerged due to changing ownership structures and transition to market relations. The study shows that the corporate form of business organization is a new and complex phenomenon in Ukraine. Corporations (joint-stock companies) are the most widespread and significant form of business organization in the current conditions. It is emphasized that the defining feature of a corporation is that it is owned by shareholders who bought stock. This requires a completely different approach to management and control. The nature, role and principles of corporate governance framework are described. It is reasoned that since management and ownership are separated, there is a need to balance interests of shareholders and management. It is stressed that corporate governance is an important factor in the company’s activity and development, the primary purpose of which is to provide owners with the opportunity to organize and exercise effective control over management. The essence of corporate governance is to achieve a balance of interests for participants of corporate governance, namely: shareholders, managers, supervisory board and other groups and individuals (suppliers, consumers, creditors, government authorities, etc). The role and place of management in corporate governance, their interests and powers are highlighted. The following responsibilities are associated with executive bodies, or management: solving currents problems related to the corporation’s activities, ensuring decision-making by general meeting of shareholders and supervisory board, planning, organizing, motivating, coordinating, and monitoring. It is substantiated that management and corporate governance are different concepts. The key difference is that corporate governance is a wider concept, and management is an integral part of it. The effectiveness of corporate governance rests on the organization of the work of management.
15
Aljaaidi, Khaled Salmen. "The effectiveness of the internal corporate governance mechanism and the ownership of the government and agencies." Accounting 7, no. 7 (2021): 1655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.5.005.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the impact of the government and its agencies’ ownership on the effectiveness of one the main internal governance mechanisms, namely; board of directors, for a sample of 140 energy and petrochemical Saudi listed firms over 2012-2019. The Saudi Arabia provides an interesting context due to the domination of government-linked corporations’ ownership. This setting arranges for the impact of such ownership on the board of directors’ monitoring and advisory roles. The board of directors’ effectiveness is measured as an interaction term of the board size and meetings of the board of directors. The study finds that government-linked energy and petrochemical corporations’ ownerships are inversely related to the board of directors’ effectiveness. This result is sensitive to the measurement of the board of directors’ effectiveness as each variable consisting of the board of directors’ effectiveness was examined individually. The study also finds that government-linked corporations’ ownership had a strong negative impact on the board size. In contrast, the proposed model does not provide any evidence supporting the relationship of the government-linked corporations’ ownerships with board meetings. Overall, the evidence supports the substitution hypothesis on the relationship of government-linked corporations and board of directors’ effectiveness.
16
Offor, Emeka. "Corporate governance reforms in banks: Lessons from Nigeria?" Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 2 (2011): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8si1p5.
Full textAbstract:
In Sub-Saharan Africa, and indeed in most emerging economies, national governments have in one way or the other (in varying degrees) intervened in the running of corporations. These interventions (usually referred to as reforms) have been eliciting discourses on whether Governments should show interest, be involved in the running of corporations, and also on the effectiveness of those interventions. This paper reviews the subject of this discourse with base reference on banking reforms initiated by various administrations in Nigeria over the decades, articulates lessons from the reforms, raises questions for further research and argues that corporations and markets should be self regulated. National governments should provide operational guidelines, enabling framework and put in place a sustainable mechanism for monitoring, and intervene only when the need arises. The paper also calls for the development of new governance architecture for banks and corporations in order to address emerging corporate governance realities.
17
Boozang, Kathleen M., and Simone Handler-Hutchinson. "“Monitoring” Corporate Corruption: DOJ's Use of Deferred Prosecution Agreements in Health Care." American Journal of Law & Medicine 35, no. 1 (March 2009): 89–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880903500103.
Full textAbstract:
It has become a truism to cite Enron as the new millennium’s watershed impetus for government assertion of power to improve corporate governance. While indictment of corrupt corporations and their executive leadership seems an obvious corrective to corporate norms that have gone astray, the unsuccessful prosecution and demise of Arthur Andersen proved a stunning backfire of such a blunt weapon. The public accounting industry shrunk even further, to the detriment of clients, and thousands lost their jobs. Arthur Andersen taught that an indictment itself may be sufficiently damaging to close the doors of a public corporation.
18
Uzma, Shigufta Hena. "Embedding corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in emerging countries." International Journal of Law and Management 58, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2015-0015.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to examine how the governance structure incorporates corporate social responsibility (CSR) into corporate behaviour in the perspective of the external environment within emerging countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the various CSR legislations enacted in the global context and in particular reference to the Indian Companies Act 2013. Findings The embedded relationship between CSR and corporate governance (CG) is an outcome of extensive dimensions such as ownership structure, stakeholder approach and other external environmental factors such as the government regulations and legislation, legal enforcement and corporate disclosure culture. Originality/value The enactment of the Companies Act 2013 in India has infused a new direction for the corporations in implementing CSR and CG practices. This paper throws light on the coverage of the Companies Act 2013 and various challenges faced by the companies in the applicability of the CSR and CG framework in the Indian context.
19
Lelia Voinea, Cosmina, Cosmin Fratostiteanu, and Bas Romein. "The Influence of Governance and Ownership on CSR Practices in Romania." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p313.
Full textAbstract:
Ownership structure represents the distribution of equity with regard to votes and capital but also by the identity of the equity owners. These structures are of major importance in corporate governance because they determine the incentives of managers and thereby the economic efficiency of the corporations they manage. This papers analyzes the relationship between governance, ownership structure and CSR practices among companies in Romania. The results of this study allows corporates and the public to formulate a well substantiated opinion on the way particular organizations carry out their businesses in Romania regarding CSR where CSR practices reflect culture and are partially county and ownership specific. The CSR practices implemented in Romania may not always reflect the societal views but rather the public ownership / government views, on what is thought to be important. Keywords: governance, ownership, emerging economies, Romania, corporate social responsibility, CSR practices
20
Adegbite, Emmanuel, Philip Shrives, and Timothy Nichol. "The role of government in corporate governance: Perspectives from the UK." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 1 (2011): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i1c2art3.
Full textAbstract:
Incessant corporate failures have led to increasing governmental participation in the governance of the modern corporation. In this conceptual paper, we examine and propose that the role of government in the UK corporate governance system is four fold, namely: to enhance competitive advantage; to compensate for the failure of self-regulation; to prevent corporate scandals and restore investors’ confidence; and owing to significant public pressures and associated political undertones, to suggest to the public the government is still an effective overseer in the existing prominence of self-regulation. We contribute to the literature on corporate governance, politics, policy making and regulatory institutions, whilst raising important issues that are of practice and policy relevance.
21
Fu, Hsiu-Jen, and Shu-Yi Ho. "Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance impact on finance performance." Acta Oeconomica 64, Supplement-2 (November 1, 2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.suppl.6.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored, from the angle of corporate social responsibility and corporate governance, the extent to which the governance of listed companies in Taiwan affected and implemented, and understood its relation with corporate value. The method of statistics using SPSS 17.0 was employed and secondary information was gathered to probe the subjects. Empirical results with data were provided herein to present substantial recommendations for reference by the industry, academia, and governments in providing right tracks for corporate development, increasing intention to invest in market, and reinforcing investors’ confidence in good corporations for making investment.
22
Waweru, Nelson. "Business ethics disclosure and corporate governance in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-07-2019-0091.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between business ethics practices disclosure and corporate governance characteristics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study uses multiple regression to investigate the association between business ethics disclosure (BED) and corporate governance characteristics in SAA. The study sample is based on 573 non-financial corporations listed on the national stock exchanges of Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe as of 31 December 2015. Findings The findings show that corporate governance characteristics (including the proportion of government ownership, board independence and board gender diversity) are positively and significantly related to BED. Originality/value The study contributes to the limited literature by analyzing the relationship between BED practices and corporate governance characteristics in the sub-Sahara African context, which is significantly different from the Anglo-Saxon world.
23
Al-Bassam, Waleed M., Collins G. Ntim, Kwaku K. Opong, and Yvonne Downs. "Corporate Boards and Ownership Structure as Antecedents of Corporate Governance Disclosure in Saudi Arabian Publicly Listed Corporations." Business & Society 57, no. 2 (October 16, 2015): 335–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315610611.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates whether and to what extent publicly listed corporations voluntarily comply with and disclose recommended good corporate governance (CG) practices, and distinctively examines whether the observed cross-sectional differences in such CG disclosures can be explained by ownership and board mechanisms with specific focus on Saudi Arabia. The study’s results suggest that corporations with larger boards, a Big 4 auditor, higher government ownership, a CG committee, and higher institutional ownership disclose considerably more than those that are not. By contrast, the study finds that an increase in block ownership significantly reduces CG disclosure. The study’s results are generally robust to a number of econometric models that control for different types of disclosure indices, firm-specific characteristics, and firm-level fixed effects. The study’s results have important implications for policy makers, practitioners, and regulatory authorities, especially those in developing countries across the globe.
24
Sukdeo, Vanisha. "Transnational Governance Models: Codes of Conduct, and Monitoring Agencies as Tools to Increase Workers' Rights." German Law Journal 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 1559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017983.
Full textAbstract:
This paper critically explores how to implement changes to corporate behavior in regard to labor-related issues through codes of conduct (“code” or “codes”) that would strengthen the rights of workers. The corporation essentially allows for its own reformation from within. There are many ways the link between corporate governance or corporate social responsibility (“CSR”) and workers' rights can be explored. The term CSR is used to differentiate from the alternate shareholder primacy model of a corporation existing solely for its shareholders and to increase profit. It stands for the idea that corporations have duties to other stakeholders beyond shareholders. Those stakeholders include, but are not limited to, employees and those who produce goods and provide services, environmental agencies, and government. Codes are a soft law mechanism that may be used to create a voluntary standard or set of rules to which corporations are bound. While this may be viewed as rather insubstantial compared to legislation, codes have value in terms of allowing the two (or more) parties that are bound by the code to have direct input in drafting the code. While the inherent imbalance of power involved in the dynamics of the employment relationship between management and workers must be acknowledged and must have an impact on the creation of the code, it does allow for involvement at a level which legislation does not. Part two of this paper examines governance models, Part three discusses codes of conduct as a private regulatory framework, and Part four shows how monitoring agencies are used to ensure compliance with codes.
25
Lakmal, K. A. Darshana. "Some issues in ownership structure and corporate governance." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 3 (2014): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i3c1art6.
Full textAbstract:
Corporate governance is a process that aims to allocate corporate resources in a manner that maximizes value for all stakeholders — shareholders, investors, employees, customers, suppliers, environment and the community at large and holds those at the helms to account by evaluating their decisions on transparency, inclusivity, equity and responsibility. Corporate governance has been commonly defined as the rules and procedures in place for governing an organization. It is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled. Corporate governance also includes the relationships among the many stakeholders involved and the goals for which the corporation is governed. Corporate governance principles and codes have been developed in different countries and issued from stock exchanges, corporations, institutional investors, or associations (institutes) of directors and managers with the support of governments and international organizations. As a rule, compliance with these governance recommendations is not mandated by law, although the codes linked to stock exchange listing requirements may have a coercive effect. However, given the rapid developments within the field and the increasing prominence of corporate governance in the modern world, this definition may be considered too narrow. Corporate governance, while a topic that has been examined in considerable depth in many areas, is widely applicable to a vast array of topics and issues. This study contributes to the literature by extending the mainly based on board literature to where there are important institutional differences and issues in ownership structure and corporate governance system and seeks to address new and emerging issues which have yet to be closely examined and have, to a degree, been overlooked.
26
Mi, Chuanmin, FangKai Chang, ChingTorng Lin, and YuHsuan Chang. "The Theory of Reasoned Action to CSR Behavioral Intentions: The Role of CSR Expected Benefit, CSR Expected Effort and Stakeholders." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124462.
Full textAbstract:
During the past several years, many governments and non-government organizations in the world made efforts to promote policies and activities regarding corporate social responsibility and proposal of relevant regulations. However, scandals of international financial organizations and transnational corporations are enduring issues, which threaten to reduce social responsibility to a mere corporate slogan. This is not only the basis for sustainable operations but, also it is a vital academic issue. Understanding the factors behind the intention of a corporation’s social responsibility practice is a problem that governments and other governance organizations urgently need to solve and is also an issue that scholars and other relevant workers need to pay attention to and investigate. This study tries to discuss the behavioral intention behind social responsibility practices, and to point out exogenous factors, corresponding with theory of reasoned action, among the factors proposed by literature regarding corporate social responsibility. Then we apply structural equation modelling to analyze each hypothesis of the study. Finally, the results show several determinants which empirically affect behavioral intentions towards social responsibility practices. This study serves as a supplement for present literature, which did not clearly explain the reason why corporations hesitate to put social responsibility into action. In addition, although the theory of reasoned action was widely used to discuss the motive of various reasoned actions, the current study might be a pioneer in using theory of reasoned action to discuss the behavioral models for corporate social responsibility practices and discussing the applicability of the theory of reasoned action based on empirical data.
27
Thabane, Tebello, and Elizabeth Snyman-Van Deventer. "Pathological Corporate Governance Deficiencies in South Africa's State-Owned Companies: A Critical Reflection." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 21 (January 10, 2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a2345.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, states use state-owned companies (SOCs) or public corporations to provide public goods, limit private and foreign control of the domestic economy, generate public funds for the fiscus, increase service delivery and encourage economic development and industrialisation. Particularly given its unique socio-political and economic dynamics, a country such as South Africa clearly needs this type of strategic enterprise. Yet, that does not mean that everything at our SOCs is as it should be. The beleaguered South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) has recently seen the resignation of board members, shareholder interference in its operational affairs, and a high turnover of chief accounting officers and other executive management members. Due to non-performance, it has also received several cash injections from its shareholder to enable it to continue to deliver its services. In addition, the shareholder minister took it upon herself to amend the SABC's memorandum of incorporation, conferring upon herself the authority to appoint, suspend or even dismiss key executive members. South African Airways (SAA), in turn, has had seven CEOs in less than four years, has had to be bailed out at a cost of R550 million, and has in addition been granted a R5 billion guarantee by the shareholder for a restructuring exercise. Other SOCs such as Eskom, the Post Office and Telkom have also experienced high board and executive management turnover, perennial underperformance necessitating regular bailouts, and challenges regarding the division of power between their boards and the various shareholder ministers. Another issue that seems to plague South Africa's SOCs is the appointment of board members and executive officials with questionable qualifications. By critically examining the corporate governance challenges besetting the SABC, SAA and Eskom in particular, this article seeks to explore the root causes of the corporate governance deficiencies of SOCs, and how their corporate governance can be enhanced. It is concluded that the challenges faced by the country's SOCs are twofold: firstly, the SOCs boards' lack of appreciation of the cardinal corporate governance rules, and secondly, the role of government as a single or dominant shareholder, which results in substantial political interference in the running of the SOCs. This dual problem requires a dual solution. To arrest the problem of poor corporate governance in SOCs, government as the shareholder should firstly appoint fit and proper directors, having followed a sound due-diligence process. Once it has established such properly skilled and competent boards, however, government should adopt an arm's-length approach to the affairs of the SOCs as a way of insulating these corporations from political interference
28
Pyatanova, V. I., and I. A. Pyatanov. "Responsible finance: application and challenges for society, governments and corporations." Upravlenie 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2020-1-57-62.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of Responsible Finance is becoming an important issue in the functioning of our financial systems. There are many interesting developments in social, governmental and corporate perspectives that promote more ethical and sustainable principles of making financial decisions, allocating resources and capital. The boom in ESG investing (taking into account Environmental, Social and Governance factors) over the last 10 years suggests the great importance of this topic for funding allocation worldwide. Investment proj ects are now assessed on a variety of metrics, not only based on their potential financial gains. Governments also have a role to play, as they support private initiatives and reconsider a huge variety of their projects to account for these additional factors that eventually impact population’s welfare. All economic agents should pay attention to this transformation to not miss out on the new standards of financial responsibility. These changes present great opportunities for the world of finance, whilst having few drawbacks. In this article a closer look at the founding principles of financial responsibility is taken. Authors examine how these principles shape the financial policy with concrete examples from social, corporate and government perspectives. Authors also emphasize the factors that potentially limit the unitary acceptance of such practices around the world.
29
Yaacob, Hisham, and Jefri Basiuni. "Corporate governance model of a state-owned enterprise: evidence from an Asian emerging market." Corporate Governance 14, no. 4 (July 29, 2014): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-12-2012-0097.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine a state-owned enterprise corporate governance model in an Asian emerging market. Corporate governance has attracted much attention and is still a hot topic among shareholders, directors and company regulators. Failure of large corporations in the past decades not only affected the shareholders and investors, rather it adversely affects all the stakeholders. Good corporate governance practices are argued to curb company’s failures due to fraudulent activities, collusion schemes and mismanagement. Design/methodology/approach – The study took the qualitative approach. It utilized case study method. The company is designated as Company R, as the study is not allowed to reveal the company’s real name. Findings – The study found that the corporate governance structure of the board is of unitary or one-tier board, which is common in the Anglo-American settings. The board members are selected and appointed by the government. They are chosen from highly capable and trustworthy government officers to represent and safeguard the government’s interest in the company. As for the ownership structure, it is a typical company with the other Asian state-owned enterprises where the state has full ownership and control of the company. Originality/value – The study fills the gap in the corporate governance model literature, especially in the context of Asian emerging economies’ state-owned companies. Furthermore, the authors believe that this study is among the first to examine the corporate governance model in this country. It shed lights on the corporate governance model in terms of governance structure, the ownership and shareholders’ right, roles of the board, regulatory framework and control mechanism and, finally, disclosure and transparency.
30
Amdanata, Donal Devi, Yusriadi Yusriadi, Noorhayati Mansor, and Nurul Nuzilah Lestari. "Implementasi Asas Transparansi Good Corporate Governance pada BUMD di Indonesia." Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 7, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/inovbiz.v7i2.1172.
Full textAbstract:
The Government of Indonesia finally issued a Government Regulation (PP) governing Regionally Owned Enterprises (BUMD), namely PP No. 54 of 2017 concerning BUMD. The PP is the government's answer to the debate about BUMD that has occurred so far. The government provides an opportunity for regional governments to optimize the wealth of their respective regions, but because local governments are not allowed to carry out business activities, establishing BUMD is one way that can be done by local governments to increase Regional Original Revenue (PAD). Even so, the government did not prepare regulations that govern BUMD. With PP No. 54, it is hoped that the parties involved with BUMD have guidelines on how to manage and oversee BUMD operations. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) guidelines on BUMD throughout Indonesia in the form of Regional Corporation (Perseroda). In this study, the scope of the research is limited to examining the implementation of the principle of transparency in the General Guidelines for GCG in Indonesia issued by the National Committee on Governance Policy (KNKG) in 2006. One of the main guidelines for the implementation of the transparency principle is that companies must provide information in a timely, adequate, precise, accurate, and comparable and easily accessible to stakeholders under their rights. To obtain this information, the first step taken is to inventory BUMDs in the form of Perseroda in Indonesia. BUMD data obtained through searching facilities from the internet. Based on the searching, 57 BUMDs were obtained that matched the research criteria. Based on this study, only 35% of BUMDs implemented the principle of transparency, 26% only implemented a part of the transparency principle, and the remaining 39% did not apply the principle of transparency.
31
Larichev, A. "The specifics of the corporate model of local self-government and the divergence of modern approaches to self-government at the local level in the Commonwealth countries." Law Enforcement Review 2, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(4).86-97.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the article is models of local self-government in Commonwealth countries.The purpose of this article is to substantiate or refute the hypothesis post-corporate model of local self-government is evolved.Methods of theoretical analysis are used, as well as legal methods, including the formal legal method and the method of comparative law.The main results and scope of their application. The corporate model of local government can be characterized by the following features: the lack of full constitutional recognition of local government as an independent form of public authority; formal institutional autonomy of municipal units as public (private-public) corporations of a special type that are not included into the system of state power; limited functional autonomy; lack of constitutional recognition of citizens’ or local communities’ right(s) to local self-government; limited accountability of local governments to the population, including the lack of sufficient legislative guarantees for the election of local authorities. These characteristics, grounded also in the historical specificity of local government development in Great Britain and its colonies, as well as in peculiarities of development of municipal units’ status in English law, are determined by the corporate character of municipal government, which does not arise from the power of communities, but is formed by the state "from above". The author also analyzes the differences in approaches to regulation and organization of local government in the Commonwealth countries.Overcoming the historical heritage, laid by the genesis of municipal corporations, in a number of Commonwealth states, indicates the formation of a new, post-corporate model of local government, which can be characterized by some features: the establishment of constitutional autonomy of local government as a special form of public power, its development as a form of democracy with greater control over the forms of self-government and governance at the local level by the population, as well as the establishment of a link between self-government and the local community. The proposed analysis may become a crucial point for future research in the field of post-corporate model of local self-government.Conclusions. Such countries as Australia and Ireland can presently be considered in a state of transition to the post-corporate model of local self-government.
32
Ceesay, Lamin B. "Exploring the Influence of NGOs in Corporate Sustainability Adoption: Institutional-Legitimacy Perspective." Jindal Journal of Business Research 9, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682120968969.
Full textAbstract:
This review seeks to examine the power and influence of Non-Governmental Organizations in the course of corporate sustainability adoption (i.e., sustainability reporting). Using the institutional-legitimacy and governance theories, our findings suggest that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have great potentials in sustainability discourse through two salient actions, namely (a) collaborative partnership, and (b) confrontational tactics. While the former promotes stakeholder involvement in corporate decision-making through dialogue, joint-projects on corporate social responsibility, and sustainability reporting, the latter, however, is the last resort—involving “naming and shaming” corporations for poor social and environmental performance. The objective of such action is to cause reputational damage to businesses. Finally, it is also observed that crucial to NGO power and influence is the collaboration with government and civil society organizations in the fight for environmental sustainability and accountability.
33
Ngoc Huy, Dinh Tran. "The Critical Appraisal of Limited North European Corporate Governance Standards after Global Crisis, Corporate Scandals and Market Manipulation." International Journal of Shari'ah and Corporate Governance Research 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijscgr.v2i1.264.
Full textAbstract:
This paper mainly analyzes principles and standards of some international and North European corporate governance frameworks which are issued during or after the global crisis.First, it looks at the United Nation Good corporate governance practices and analyzes its strengths and impacts on corporate governance model of a company.Second, it compared the UN standards to generally accepted governance standards of Sovereign Wealth Funds. The paper finds out that during the global crisis time 207-2008, despite taking care of risk management, there still lacks of certain governance standards in these 2 Codes. Then, it analyzes some relative good corporate governance standards in a few North European countries including: Norway and Finland.Third, this paper provides with a short summary of evaluation of these above 2 corporate governance principles in 2 groups which can enable corporations tocompare to their current codes.Last but not least, it aims to realize a limited general set of standards of corporate governance and give proper recommendations to relevant governments and organizations. Additionally, it includes a section for recommending corporate governance for developing countries including Viet Nam.
34
Euler, Dimitrij. "Standards on transparency of publicly listed corporations: Information owed to the public?" Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3c1p5.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is about domestic laws’ response to the greater need of publicly listed corporation to be accountable to the public in accordance with international law. The paper is dedicated to the transparency of multinational corporations listed and incorporated in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Switzerland. Under these applicable laws, transparency of publicly listed corporations has significantly changed in the last decade. Some countries oblige corporations to disclose non-financial and financial information immediately; others merely require periodic reporting of financial information. In particular, the connection between Impact Investor, an investor that invests based on social or environmental criteria in addition to the financial performance, and the investment target, publicly listed corporations contributed to some change. The applicable law provides a minimum standard of transparency. This minimum standard defines how the reasonable investor invests in the publicly listed corporation. Depending on this standard, the responsibility owed by the publicly listed corporation extends from the shareholder, several stakeholders to the public. Reasons for these differences lie in the greater accountability of publicly listed corporations from shareholders, to stakeholders or even the public. The OECD’s different standard on Corporate Governance, the Ruggie principles and other recommendations of non-governmental organisations (NGO) keep shaping the accountability under the applicable law. These standards provide guidance to corporations to voluntarily implement greater responsibilities beyond the minimum standard in the form of Corporate Governance. However, once publicly listed corporations implement these standards, the applicable law seem to not adequately impose duties on publicly listed corporations to disclose the information under its self-imposed standard to stakeholders or even the public. The paper researches the problem of transparency of publicly listed corporations in European Union, in particular Germany and the United Kingdom, as well as the United States and Switzerland wither regard to impact investors. Its hypotheses is that the applicable law lacks clear wording that transfers voluntary standards into binding law. The paper will not focus on obligations of corporation established under contracts with groups of shareholders. It will also not focus on stock market programmes to audit corporations based on environmental and social criteria. The paper excludes inter partes obligations because they give the contracting party merely a right to rely on the disclosure. The paper will also not look at methods for evaluation of non-financial information with regard to publicly listed corporations.
35
Scott, Winifred D. "Investigating the Need for Transparent Disclosures of Political Campaign Contributions and Lobbying Expenditures by U.S. Private Prison Corporations." Accounting and the Public Interest 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/apin-51401.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Transparency is a fundamental principle of good corporate governance. A disclosure is an important mechanism that enhances corporate governance through increased transparency and better informed stakeholders. When a government operation contractually assigns prison services to a nongovernment for-profit entity, then that entity is fulfilling a public interest role of incarceration and should be accountable to the citizen taxpayers (i.e., the stakeholders). Accountability is important. But what happens to accountability when the mission statements and business strategies of the nongovernment for-profit entities diverge from the original government operation? The private prison industry, annually, spends thousands and sometimes millions of dollars toward political campaigns and lobbyists to influence and educate legislatures as a part of their corporate political strategy to ensure a steady stream of growing revenues. Consequently, various laws have been implemented resulting from successful lobbying efforts that affect the public interest. These nontrivial amounts are not disclosed in their annual reports or proxy statements. However, this information is reported in a disaggregated way in various non-SEC filings. This study shows that tracking federal and state lobbying expenditures and political campaign contributions is a complicated task for a trained staff of researchers, and would be quite difficult for most stakeholders; thus, current reporting obscures transparency. I thus argue for greater transparency by requiring mandatory disclosures of political contributions and lobbying expenditures in the financial statements of publicly held private prison corporations. Benefits of audited annual reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission would enhance the reliability of management assertions about expenditures related to political contributions and lobbying costs reported by private prison corporations and the detailed information would be presented in a single, complete disclosure. This new disclosure requirement would improve corporate governance, increase accountability, decrease information asymmetry that exists between the private prison corporations and stakeholders, and allow external stakeholders to make informed judgments about whether those in the business of incarceration are fulfilling their public interest role.
36
Tuokuu, Francis Xavier Dery, and Kwesi Amponsah-Tawiah. "Corporate social responsibility: is it an alternative to government?" Journal of Global Responsibility 7, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-05-2015-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained global prominence in recent years. This is because businesses have seen the need to consider the interests of stakeholders not only to enhance their corporate image but also to live good neighbourly lives with the communities in which they operate. The purpose of this paper is to examine the value of engaging stakeholders and recommend multinational corporations not to take over the governance of countries in which they operate as a result of their financial muscle but to play complementary roles to help in the development of those countries. Although CSR is no longer new in Africa according to recent studies, it is suffering from identity crisis, as it has been used generally and severally to refer to different issues. This conceptual paper discusses the notion of CSR practice in Africa and the major issues and debates around it. It looks at the role of government and civil society organisations that are at the forefront playing watchdog and vigilante roles for the benefit of the society. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper. Findings The paper argues that business and society cannot exist without working together and that responsible business is key to sustainable development. It traces the roots of CSR and the emergence of the concept. It advises that what is required in Africa is for the media and civil society organizations to play watchdog and vigilante roles in ensuring that businesses are socially responsible, accountable and transparent. If governments and businesses are transparent and accountable, then the citizens become the greatest beneficiary. The profit margins of businesses will also increase and there will be sustainable development. The paper also indicates that the concept of CSR is gaining grounds in Africa and is no longer new as indicated by previous studies. It recommends that Africa should have its own CSR programmes designed to fit into the African setting. The paper examines the major issues and debates on CSR and concludes that any attempt to introduce uniform laws to ensure responsible business operations universally will not work as situations differ from country to country. The overreliance on corporate entities, particularly Multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporation (TNCs), for the direct development of African economies is not sustainable, as these corporate entities cannot continue to fulfil these obligations meant for the development of infrastructure and still be expected to provide basic amenities for communities under the guise of fulfilling CSR. This process of national development is unsustainable. Originality/value The paper recommends a multi-stakeholder approach in designing and implementing CSR programmes. The government, civil society, community and the company should collaborate and constantly have stakeholder engagements as that are the only way of attaining a win-win benefit. MNCs and TNCs should see the government and other stakeholders as partners in development and not lord it over them as a result of their financial muscle. It is recommended that more research work be done in CSR education in Africa. This is to enable business operators and communities understand the true meaning of CSR and to know that the concept goes beyond philanthropy or donations. It will also help them understand that the concept goes beyond community relations to include issues such as human rights, child labour, environmental governance and corporate tax among others.
37
Zhou, Yankun, and Hongtao Shen. "Supervision of environmental enforcement and corporate environmental performance." Nankai Business Review International 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-06-2018-0036.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThis study aims to deem the new policy – talk for environmental protection – promoted in the second half of 2014 to be the exogenous event and adopts PSM and DID to verify whether and how the central government’s mechanism of supervision of environmental enforcement improves firm environmental performance and reveals the micro effect and working mechanism of the supervision of environmental enforcement.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers first select reasonable control groups for target districts by means of PSM, then apply DID to compare corporations in the treatment group with those in the control group for the change of environmental performance before and after the talk for environmental protection, so as to evaluate the micro-level effect of such talks on corporate environmental performance; after that, the research examines the working mechanism of such talks on corporate environmental performance; then, it goes a step further to find out the environmental impact of such talks on corporations of different natures of property right.FindingsIt is found from the research that the talk for environmental protection will effectively improve the environmental performance of corporations in the target districts, and the improvement of environmental performance in state-owned corporations in the target districts will be more evident. However, such improvements, to a certain extent, are achieved by reducing the output value, and corporations do not increase environmental investments from a long-term perspective.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the targets of the talk for environmental protection are mainly principals of municipal governments, but the research expands the scope to the whole province due to the small sample at the municipal level. Despite evidences showing that such a pressure of supervision impacts the whole province, the results obtained based on the data at the municipal level will be accurate. Second, the research selects a relatively short research period. Third, due to the limited data on corporate environmental performance in China, the research selects only listed companies from key monitored and controlled firms by state.Practical implicationsFirst, for the central government, environmental policy making is not the end of its job; it shall also supervise local governments’ work at environmental governance and properly handle its relationship with local governments. Second, for the local governments, in the course of implementing environmental policies, they should not only strengthen law enforcement but keep the continuity of law enforcement to avoid moving law enforcement. Third, in the long run, corporations must start from the source of production to enhance environmental governance and make cleaner production, so as to keep boosting corporate competitiveness and their ability of fighting risks.Originality/valueFirst, the research innovatively provides empirical evidence about the effect of China’s supervision of environmental enforcement. Previous studies on this topic are mostly theoretical discussions only, while this research makes the talk for environmental protection the exogenous event about the supervision of law enforcement and achieves breakthroughs in empirical studies of administrative enforcement supervision. Second, the research pushes the studies on the implementation effect of environmental policies from a medium level to a micro level. Third, the research achieves some breakthroughs in the data for measuring corporate environmental performance.
38
Fjell, Olav. "Corporate Citizenship: Statoil." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 13, no. 1 (May 2003): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/86qb-kky1-f27l-3khk.
Full textAbstract:
Open markets alone do not guarantee equitable and sustainable development. Income disparities are growing both within and between countries to the extent that the marginalization of the poor has become a key challenge of globalization. To meet this challenge, the global community must address the governance gap between global finance/economics and local or national politics in world affairs. This article discusses how globalization is shaping Statoil's approach to corporate citizenship. The Norwegian firm, with 17,000 workers in some 25 countries, is one of the major net sellers of crude oil and supplies Europe with natural gas. Statoil maintains that corporations can contribute to global governance by conducting business in a manner that is ethical, economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially responsible. This contribution can be achieved through development partnerships with national governments, multilateral institutions, and nongovernmental organizations.
39
Lamoreaux, Naomi R. "Scylla or Charybdis? Historical Reflections on Two Basic Problems of Corporate Governance." Business History Review 83, no. 1 (2009): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500000180.
Full textAbstract:
Shareholders in corporations face two very different types of governance problems: expropriation by controlling shareholders or managers; and expropriation by greedy rulers or, more generally, by the state. The problem is that the more successful investors are in protecting their capital from the grabbing hand of the state, the less they are able to call upon the state to protect it from the grabbing hand of corporate insiders. Conversely, the more investors are able to call upon government to restrain insiders, the more they are vulnerable to expropriation by the state. Although the terms of this tradeoff have changed over time as modern democratic polities replaced absolutist monarchies, both types of threats are still very much with us.
40
Ali, Manzoor, Lv Tao, Aftab Ahmed Shaikh Shaikh, and Muhammad Sajid. "The political leadership and corporate governance: an analysis of leadership theories and its influence." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6, no. 3 (July 5, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v6i3.7706.
Full textAbstract:
The Leaders and their leadership style possess strong influence on corporate sector and its overall working affairs. Effective political leadership is a benchmark for successful corporations as they follow the best strategies from political setup and move towards productivity and efficiency. This paper, therefore, highlights the importance of successful leadership theories and practices, which may follow by the corporate sector for better results. This study explores the influence of political leadership on corporate governance as a corporate sector has to remain under the policy and rule dominancy of the state, hence, this paper elaborates the research questions comprising of 20 items in order to know the influence of political leadership and to analyze the leadership theories and practices in Pakistan.This paper is quantitative in nature, and close ended questionnaire was used to collect the data from 100 samples comprising of government and private-sector employees working in Pakistan. The statistical tool's factor analysis and correlation are used, and according to the results by factor analysis, 5 components were retained or extracted out of 20 variables. All the variables show high level of correlation with components as cumulative correlation measured by Factor Analysis is .825, which is good in practice. As per results derived from KMO and Bartlett’s test, the overall sampling remained .796 that shows a good measurement. In addition to the results, respondents favor that political leadership, and corporate governances are essential ingredients for the organizational development. Majority of respondents were of view that political leadership put strong influence on the affairs of corporate governance.This paper will help the government and corporate sector to work in collaborative way to achieve their respective goals and run the country and organizations on sound economic track. In continuation, this study also helps the political governments to revisit their influence and ensure complete agreement and harmony with corporate sector, and thus help the corporate sector in performing its role in sustainable economic development.The necessity of this study was strongly felt as corporate sector in Pakistan has yet to revise its relations with the sitting political government for effective contribution to gross national production (GDP). The performance of corporate sector in terms of productivity and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not satisfactory at all in Pakistan, but working collaboratively and delegating powers to down level can really help both political and corporate sector to achieve their pre-specified objectives.
41
Uldam, Julie, and Hans Krause Hansen. "Corporate responses to stakeholder activism: partnerships and surveillance." critical perspectives on international business 13, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-07-2015-0029.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Corporations are increasingly expected to act responsibly. The purpose of this paper is to examine two types of corporate responses to these expectations: overt and covert responses. Specifically, it examines oil companies’ involvement in multi-stakeholder initiatives and sponsorships (overt responses) and their monitoring of critics, including non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and activist organisations (covert responses). Design/methodology/approach Theoretically, the paper draws on theories of visibility and post-political regulation. Empirically, it focuses on case studies of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), Shell and BP, drawing on qualitative methods. Findings The paper demonstrates that overt responses create an impression of consensus between antagonistic interests and that covert responses support this impression by containing deep-seated conflicts. Research limitations/implications Corporate responses have implications for the role of the corporation as a (post-)political actor. By containing antagonism and creating an impression of consensus, the interplay between overt and covert responses open up further possibilities for the proliferation of soft governance and self-regulation through participation in voluntary transparency and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Data on covert practices of corporations are difficult to access. This impedes possibilities for fully assessing their extent. The findings of this paper support trends emerging from recent research on covert corporate intelligence practices, but more research is needed to provide a systematic overview. Originality/value The paper contributes to the understudied area of covert corporate activity in research on the political role of multinational corporations.
42
Albassam, Waleed M., and Collins G. Ntim. "The effect of Islamic values on voluntary corporate governance disclosure." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 8, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-09-2015-0046.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The study aims to examine the effect of Islamic values on the extent of voluntary corporate governance (CG) disclosure. In addition, the authors investigate the effect of traditional ownership structure and CG mechanisms on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. Design/methodology/approach The authors distinctively construct Islamic values and voluntary CG disclosure indices using a sample of 75 Saudi-listed firms over a seven-year period in conducting multivariate regressions of the effect of Islamic values on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. The analyses are robust to controlling for firm-level characteristics, fixed-effects, endogeneities and alternative measures. Findings The authors find that corporations that depict greater commitment towards incorporating Islamic values into their operations through high Islamic values disclosure index score engage in higher voluntary CG disclosures than those that are not. Additionally, the authors find that audit firm size, board size, government ownership, institutional ownership and the presence of a CG committee are positively associated with the level of voluntary CG disclosure, whereas block ownership is negatively associated with the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. Practical implications The study has clear practical implications for future research, practice and broader society by demonstrating empirically that corporations that voluntarily incorporate Islamic values into their operations are more likely to be transparent about their CG practices and thereby providing new crucial insights on the effect of Islamic values on voluntary CG compliance and disclosure. Originality/value This is the first empirical attempt at explicitly examining the effect of Islamic values on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure. The authors also offer evidence on the effect of traditional CG and ownership structures on the extent of voluntary CG disclosure.
43
Limbasiya, Nailesh Rameshbhai. "Independent Directors, Key to Good Governance." Think India 16, no. 3 (October 15, 2013): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v16i3.7817.
Full textAbstract:
The collapse of high profile large corporations such as Satyam, Enron etc. while performing the governance practices has raised many issues regarding good governance mechanism. The independent directors are one of the important mechanisms for the good governance practices in an organisation. In India two-third of the companies are family owned and therefore presence of independent directors on the board is very important to protect the rights of minority investors and other stakeholders. Independent directors with independent thoughts and action may lead to a constructive value addition for the firm. The present paper discusses the importance of independent directors on the board. The paper also shows a glimpse of the current picture of corporate structure and corporate governance in India. Though the role of independent director is most important to detect and prevent the unethical practices still it fails to perform their roles in many cases. This paper identifies and explains the drivers on reasons, why independent directors still fail to perform their fiduciary roles in many cases. Finally the article concludes based on the functioning of the independent directors and challenges for having an implementable code of conduct for them. The diverse opinion of the corporate experts, government bodies, and industry apex bodies is the need of the hour to make one that is easy to implement.
44
Lane, Christel. "Changes in Corporate Governance of German Corporations: Convergence to the Anglo-American Model?" Competition & Change 7, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1024529032000146678.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the many changes which have transformed the German system of corporate governance during the last seven odd years. It concludes that it is in the process of converging towards the Anglo-American model and that this has fundamentally affected the way strategic decisions are made in firms. Convergence is not seen as a functional necessity, nor is it viewed as inevitable. The paper offers both a theoretical exploration of institutional and system transformation and an empirical study which substantiates the theoretical position taken with evidence about recent trends in capital markets, banks, government and firms. Empirical evidence from the pharmaceutical/chemical industry is supplemented by data on firms in other sectors, including the financial sector. The theoretical examination of institutional change focuses on the notions of system logic, institutional complementarity, functional conversion and hybridisation. It examines both external sources of change and internal powerful actors who promote the process of transformation. The notions of hybridisation of the German business system, as well as claims about functional conversion and the evolution of a new complementarity between institutions, are rejected in favour of a trend towards convergence. The transformation in capital markets and the rise to dominance of the notion of shareholder value is particularly affecting large international and quoted firms, but is gradually spreading also to other parts of the economy. This transformation is affecting labour and industrial relations in negative ways, as well as posing a threat to the German production model of diversified quality production.
45
Mercille, Julien. "Inclusive Smart Cities: Beyond Voluntary Corporate Data Sharing." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 8135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158135.
Full textAbstract:
Smart cities mobilise technologically driven solutions toward urban governance and service delivery. The profitable opportunities and abundance of data made available by cities attract ICT corporations that possess the resources and knowledge to make cities smart. However, this often leads corporate actors to monopolise the data collected and generated. This poses risks for privacy and the ways in which personal data are used and commercialised. Existing work on business-to-government (B2G) data sharing and data collaboratives has explored the technical and organisational issues involved in corporate data sharing with public authorities. However, many studies remain focused on voluntary corporate data releases. This paper argues that the option of compelling companies to share data should be considered more attentively; it is one channel (among many) that has the potential to make cities more inclusive.
46
Wilson, Gary N., and Christopher Alcantara. "Mixing Politics and Business in the Canadian Arctic: Inuit Corporate Governance in Nunavik and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region." Canadian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 4 (December 2012): 781–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423912000996.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Over the past three decades, Inuit economic development corporations (IEDCs) have played an important role in preparing the Inuit regions of Nunavik in northern Québec and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the Northwest Territories for self-government. In addition to building vital capacity through the provision of services, programs and economic opportunities, IEDCs have also represented their respective regions in self-government negotiations with other levels of government. This corporate-led governance approach, which we call Inuit corporate governance, provides Aboriginal groups such as the Inuit with a de facto form of self-government and the opportunity to develop economic and political capacity in advance of adopting a more comprehensive and formal self-government arrangement. It also challenges existing assumptions about the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the liberal–capitalist order that underpins the Canadian state.Résumé. Durant les trois dernières décennies, les Institutions de développement économique des Inuits ont joué un rôle important en préparation à l'auto-gouvernance de la population Inuit du Nunavik, dans le Nord-du-Québec, et de l'Inuvialuit, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. En plus d'avoir permis le développement d'habiletés cruciales dans le domaine de l'offre de services, de programmes et d'opportunités de développement économique, les Institutions ont également contribué, à titre de représentantes de leurs régions respectives, lors de la négociation d'ententes portant sur l'auto-gouvernance avec divers paliers de gouvernement. Cette approche de gouvernance corporative Inuit fournit aux groupes autochtones, tels les Inuits, une forme d'auto-gouvernance de facto qui génère pour eux des opportunités de se développer économiquement et politiquement, en préparation à l'adoption d'un modèle d'auto-gouvernance plus élaboré et formel. Cette approche soulève également bien des questions quant aux fondements de la relation qui existe entre les peuples autochtones et l'ordre libéral capitaliste qui sous-tend l'État canadien.
47
Kampourakis, Ioannis. "CSR and the Public/Private Divide." Journal of Legal Anthropology 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2020.040208.
Full textAbstract:
Ellen Hertz’s manifold critique of corporate social responsibility (CSR) paradoxically begins by establishing common ground with the ardent defender of free market capitalism and an otherwise political opponent to her normative framework, Milton Friedman. Building on his analytical framework, according to which corporations and government operate on different principles, Hertz reinforces the idea that CSR cannot and should not replace democratic mechanisms in the determination of the public interest. In addition, following established critiques of CSR (e.g., Shamir 2008), Hertz highlights that CSR introduces the logics of the market in areas traditionally governed by different logics of action, while it also serves to obfuscate relations of power and to shape global governance in corporate-friendly directions.
48
Messo, Raude John O. "Alternative Method of Mitigating Risk on Medium and Large Corporations." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n11p164.
Full textAbstract:
High operating costs and complexity of risks are impacting negatively on corporations’ profitability despite practicing corporate governance. Corporate governance requires that the management develops frameworks, structures and guidance to manage enterprise risk. The traditional methods of mitigating risk has relied heavily on insurance as the only mean of protecting enterprise against risks. This is now becoming too expensive for corporations, and, is not able to cover all risk exposures. This forms the basis of the research problem in this study. The purpose and objective of this study is to establish alternative methods of mitigating risks in corporations and, develop models for computing benefits accruing to the corporations as a result of using the new alternative method. As such, this study identifies financial assets, sinking fund, ploughing back of premiums as possible investments where foregone insurance premiums can be invested and, develop a model for computing earnings resulting from such investments. This study applies Actuarial Theory, Financial Theory of Risk Transfer, Modigliani and Miller Theory and Agency Theory, and use both primary and secondary data collected from National Transport and Safety Authority, Kenya and Registrar of Motor vehicles, Kenya target populations, namely number of countries in Europe and North America and the number of insurance companies in Kenya. This study is of significance to the business communities, scholars and researchers, the government and the general public by: (1), providing a better understanding for designing and formulating risk management policy in their organizations, (2), providing mechanism for investing the foregone insurance premium and (3), strengthening knowledge and further research in this area. In summary this study is tenable and a better alternative to ever increasing insurance premiums.
49
Wardhana, Daniel Yudistya. "Good Corporate Governance Practices in Family Business: A Case Study in Indonesia." Petra International Journal of Business Studies 1, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ijbs.1.1.35-44.
Full textAbstract:
Good corporate governance (GCG) practices have been broadly acknowledged in both industry and government these days. In general, good execution and practice of good corporate governance indicate thehealth of corporations. The awareness of good corporate governance practice developed among familybusiness regardless the size of the business. Thus, this research aims to explore the general perception offamily business towards the good corporate governance practices and the importance of good corporategovernance in their business. The focus of this study is family business in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.This research uses descriptive and quantitative model. Every data that was obtained from the respondents willbe described in detail and explained with quantitative model to analysis the implementation of good corporategovernance in SMEs. The results from 60 family businesses show that mostly the SMEs understand thatcompany financial and non-financial report should be reported on regular basis (mean= 2.83) they alsodiscloses the internal salary system to the employee (mean= 2.68) it might be due to the directcommunication by the owner or management to the employees. SMEs agree that detailed job description isnecessary (mean= 2.97) as well as standard operational procedure document (mean= 2.67). Also, most ofSMEs agree that a regular payment period is important (mean= 3.58) and reporting the tax on time(mean=3.27). SMEs agree that the owners or family members should be independent in recruiting employees(mean=2.55) and deciding company strategies (mean=2.43) and SMEs perception of fairness showed thatfamily member have limited opportunity to work at the company (mean=3.30).
50
Dube, Hlupeko, and Zvitambo Kudakwashe. "The relevance of corporate governance codes to small and medium enterprises: The case of developing country." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 3, no. 1 (2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv3i1p2.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper was to examine the relevance of governance codes to Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in developing counties. The study was motivated by a lack of transparency, sound risk management and sustainability challenges faced by MFIs in developing countries. The study was important for the improvement of governance in MFIs, which are an important tool for the growth, and development of nations. In the paper, a theoretical literature review approach to governance in MFIs was adopted because it allowed the researcher to review critique and synthesize the literature on governance in MFIs. This, in turn, enabled the researchers to generate new frameworks and perspectives on the topic in microfinance. The study found that there was poor governance in Zimbabwean MFIs, governance codes in place were skewed towards large corporations and did not fit the context MFIs. Furthermore, the study established that financial statements for MFIs were not easy to access and the application of corporate governance in MFIs of developing countries was found to be difficult because of inadequate financial resources and lack of knowledge on governance issues. Therefore, the study concluded that corporate governance codes in developing countries needed to be adjusted to the context of MFIs. The study recommends that governance codes that suit the institutional set up of small firms including MFIs in terms of capital structure, ownership concentration and markets should be crafted and adopted. Furthermore, MFIs should implement governance training and increase transparency. The governance codes should be provided free to businesses and be accompanied by extensive training by government and institutions of higher learning.