Dissertations / Theses: 'Corporate governance in the public sector'

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Pieterse, Cornelius Louwrens. "A public sector integrated financial governance framework /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1223.

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Brink, Jeanetha. "Corporate governance in public-private partnerships : a public sector management perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17443.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment deals with the relevance of Public-Private Partnerships in the South African context and particularly the role it can play in realising the developmental goals of the economic policy. The value of the unique relationship that is possible between the public and the private partner goes beyond the formalised legal agreement as the mix of cultures and different managerial approaches hold benefits for both parties. There are many aspects of the PPP, especially as a management tool, which grow beyond the boundaries of a work of this length and which will hopefully entice the reader to further reading. However, in this work the main thrust of the argument is that the PPP offers an alternative, or maybe rather a supplementary vehicle to address a number of managerial problems experienced in the public sector.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk handel met die relevansie van die sogenaamde “Public-Private Partnership” in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks en meer spesifiek die rol wat dit kan speel om die ontwikkelingsdoelwitte van die ekonomie te bereik. Die waarde van die unieke verhouding wat moontlik is tussen die publieke en die private party venoot verder as die formele regsverhouding aangesien die vermenging van die kulture en verskillende bestuurstyle voordele vir beide partye inhou. Daar is vele aspekte van die PPP, veral as ‘n bestuursmeganisme, wat buite die grense van ‘n werk van hierdie lengte gaan en hopelik word die leser gestimuleer om verder oor die onderwerp op te lees. Die vertrekpunt van hierdie werk egter is dat die PPP ‘n alternatiewe, of selfs ‘n bykomende meganisme om verskeie bestuursprobleme wat in die publieke sektor ervaar word, aan te spreek.

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Kelleher, Deirdre. "Public sector corporate governance revisited : the ROI's non-commercial semi-state sector." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706992.

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In 2009, the Republic of Ireland (ROI) revised its Code of Practice for the Governance of State Bodies. Despite a review of the literature revealing a considerable body of work on codes of practice, few studies were observed to systematically analyse the impact of codes and none to do so in a public sector context. Furthermore, the literature indicated that although the significance of boards was generally accepted, agreement as to the attributes that determine their effectiveness was lacking. This issue was adjudged to be compounded in the ROI context, where public sector agentification was revealed to be particularly unique. This thesis explores whether a series of variables, identified in the public sector literature as determinants of board effectiveness, are significant in the ROI Non-Commercial Semi State Bodies (NCSSB) context. The research employed a board governance questionnaire conducted amongst a purposeful sample of NCSSBs. The empirical analysis indicates mixed findings: where no relationships between board member demographics and board effectiveness are identified while, some evidence in support of associations between certain board practice and board structure variables are revealed. Relative to the Code of Practice implementation indicators, the results suggest significant relationships between board effectiveness and board size and relationship with parent department, while no association was observed with the method of board member appointment. The key findings of the descriptive analyses suggest that the sector’s board members emerge from a select coterie of Irish society and that training and orientation uptake is at odds with participants reported governance awareness levels. This study contributes to our understanding of public sector board effectiveness as it treats of board effectiveness from nuanced and context sensitive perspectives. It is anticipated that the results of this study will stimulate future research, which may focus on, in particular, the anomalies revealed by this study’s findings.

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Pieterse, C. L. "A public sector integrated financial governance framework." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1223.

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Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning ))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Using an investigative approach the study starts by outlining the governance quandary that exists within the public sector, with observations made over the past decade by scholars and active role players in the governance arena both in the private sector and in the public sector. It continues to show a growing need for good governance in the public sector, especially in the developing economies of emerging democracies. It uses South Africa as an example in this regard, although the discussion can just as well be applied to other countries finding themselves in a similar situation. It places the governance debate in perspective and provides the background for the development of the Public Sector Integrated Financial Governance Framework (IFGF). A brief look is taken at the reasons for the growing focus on governance in general, governance in the private and public sector, the need for governance, the basic dynamics of governance, stakeholder relationships, the regulatory framework and the role of the judiciary. It then places this understanding of governance – from a financial perspective – within the South African context. Using the South African context the study discusses the need for an IFGF, the basic requirements for such an IFGF and then as a response proceeds to discuss the role of values and principles, functional application areas and governance-related activities in an IFGF. It develops a financial governance universe, which provides an overview of the various subsections within these aspects. From this basis the study proceeds to develop the IFGF by identifying specific principles and values applicable to South Africa, followed by a description of functional application areas consisting of leadership, management and control practices required as a minimum to ensure healthy public sector financial governance. It continues to develop governance-related activities based on existing frameworks recognised by public sector agencies globally and in some instance, designed for the private sector. The study proceeds to develop these areas to enable employees in the public sector to discharge their duties in a manner that can form the cornerstone in governance excellence. Having used a deductive approach during the first few chapters to develop the IFGF, the study then proceed using an inductive process to construct the conditions and the related activities required by the IFGF. It develops detailed information on specific activities that must be in place for the IFGF to be functional. These activities provide the “how” and are grouped together based on a recognised framework. Governance effectiveness depends on a situation where all areas are considered. Lastly the study focuses on the conclusions regarding the IFGF outcomes and therefore discusses the implementation of the IFGF and the impact on the accounting system, measuring governance and keeping the IFGF updated with developments internally and externally. The study shows the growing importance for developing countries and emerging economies to demonstrate healthy governance processes and practices. However, no consensus yet exists on the approach or methodology, particularly with regard to building national ownership of and political commitment to governance (Landell-Mills, 2003:369). Fortunately similar initiatives have been forthcoming from a number of countries and, although they are each focussed differently, they provide a base for developing a public sector IFGF for South Africa in particular, but can also be used as a guideline for other emerging democracies. Developing the governance universe facilitates the process of keeping track of a multitude of possibilities that are relevant in day-to-day management. The study determined the applicable criteria that an IFGF must satisfy to attract attention when funding is required from the donor community and to provide assurance to stakeholders with limited skills and knowledge that objectives are achieved effectively and efficiently in an ethical environment. The benefit of this framework is that it has passed the first scrutiny in South Africa namely that of the Provincial Treasury of the Provincial Government Western Cape (PGWC) public sector audit committees in the public sector (PGWC) and is currently being subjected to a four-year implementation process, starting with an awareness phase in all Departments of the PGWC. During this process the senior management of all the departments are being exposed to the principles contained in the IFGF and their practical observations and suggestions will be applied towards formulating an updated version of the Governance Framework of PGWC (Draft version 2.20e). This is significant, because it represents a healthy interaction between academic research and practical application, a process that is more often than not balanced, but appears to be in favour of either the one or the other.

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Meyer, Renate, Markus Höllerer, and Stephan Leixnering. "A question of value(s): Political connectedness and executive compensation in public sector organizations." Taylor&Francis, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2015.1094162.

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While the de-politicization of public sector management was a core objective of past reform initiatives, more recent debates urge the state to act as a strong principal when it comes to public sector unity and policy coherence - and consequently make a case for reinvigorating links between the political and managerial sphere. Using data from Austrian public sector organizations, we test and confirm the causal relationship of political connectedness of board members and executive compensation. Differentiating between value-based and interest-based in-groups, we suggest that only value-based political connectedness has the potential to restore patronage as a control instrument and governance tool. Self-interested and reward-driven patronage, on the other hand, indicated by a strong association of political connectedness and executive pay, refers to the type of politicization that previous public sector reforms promised to abolish.

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Hovey, Martin, and n/a. "Corporate Governance in China: An Empirical Study of Listed Firms." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061018.143503.

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Corporate governance has gained considerable prominence in the last decade as it has become a much more widely discussed and debated issue. The debate as to which model of corporate governance China should adopt continues as China forges a new era of interaction with the global market, especially since its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. The state-owned enterprise (SOE) sector in China is a significant contributing factor in China's endeavour to continue to develop its economy, provide employment and reduce poverty. Therefore, the success of SOE reform is important to China's future economic prosperity and ability to contend with social justice issues. The commencement of the reform process began in the late 1970s and many SOEs have attained significant progress in some important areas. However, all too many SOEs experience poor overall performance. Thus, the consequence of the corporate governance model and corporate structure selected will be considerable, especially as the country's market economy gains momentum. This thesis contributes to the ongoing body of work relating to corporate governance in China, and some clear results have been found. It also reviews the institutional setting in China and elements of the corporate governance literature in detail. As the ownership of firms is considered to be one of the key elements to enhance corporate governance, the empirical study considers issues relating to changes in ownership, concentration and ownership structures. It conducts an empirical study of the ownership and performance of listed corporations in China and based on these analyses, the thesis provides policy recommendations as to which model of corporate governance may best be suited to China during this transitional phase. The findings suggest that the ownership structure is a key element to enhancing corporate governance in China. The wealth affects of changes in listed firm ownership, which for the most part had the effect of reducing state ownership, were found to be positive. Concentration ownership structures per se were not found to enhance listed firm performance. The most significant findings were the following. Firstly, that institutional ownership, through the Legal Person holding companies, have a positive bearing on listed firm performance and thus by implication, upon improving corporate governance. Secondly, medium levels of Legal Person ownership were found to be the most effective. Thirdly, foreign institutions and individual investors were found to be positively correlated to performance. Similar results were found for offshore ownership, but to a lessor extent. Conversely, state ownership was found to be negatively correlated to performance. Other issues that were identified in the empirical analysis are that size does matter, in that large firms were found not to perform as well as smaller firms. Leverage appears to matter also, as highly leveraged firms were found not to perform well. The industry in which a firm operates was also found to have an affect on performance. The policy recommendations are based on the findings and observations of this thesis. The assumption is made that the present gradualist approach and regime will continue. As state ownership is shown to have a negative bearing on listed firm performance, the recommendation is that the state, at its various levels, should divest its holdings. This could be achieved through a privatization program in which the state denationalises a large proportion of its holdings. One of the keys would then be managing the change of ownership. Based on the observations and findings of this study, it is recommended that a privatization program should be instigated that supports blockholders and institutions, and does not focus purely on dispersing large proportions of holdings to diverse small shareholders. In addition, mergers and acquisitions that embrace economic efficiency should be encouraged and supported. The empirical study demonstrates that the ultimate ownership and control of tradeable shares ought to be channelled to pension funds, private institutional investors that should be encouraged to take strong stakes in the firms, to strategic investors, especially minority blockholders, and a proportion to international investors. This strategy would be in China's best interests in its present stage of development.

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Truter, Mark Christopher. "Implementation of enterprise risk management as a tool for improving corporate governance within the public sector." Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/58.

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This purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between the implementation of an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and corporate governance within the public sector. Furthermore, the study focused on the role of internal audit in ERM implementation as well as the relationship between ERM and risk communication. Questionnaires designed to collect data were e-mailed to risk managers; internal auditors and senior managers. The survey confirmed a positive association between the implementation of an ERM framework and corporate governance as well as risk communication. The majority of respondents further confirmed that corporate governance concerns were the main driving force behind the implementation followed by the impact of HIV/AIDS on their respective organisations. Of those surveyed 38% confirmed that their ERM process is embedded and they have also created the position of chief risk officer or similar. However, it is important to note that the role of internal audit in ERM implementation is not fully integrated.

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Abdula, Mohamed Omar. "An exploration into factors and influences towards increased effectiveness of Public Sector Boards (PSB'S) in Abu Dhabi." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2013. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8841/.

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Mello, Gilmar Ribeiro de. "Governança corporativa no setor público federal brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-28072006-093658/.

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O setor público representa um papel importante na sociedade e a efetiva governança nesse setor pode encorajar o uso eficiente de recursos, a exigência de responsabilidade em prestar contas para o administrador dos recursos, melhorar a administração e entrega dos serviços e, portanto, contribuir para tornar melhor a vida das pessoas. Atualmente, muitos países estão passando por uma reavaliação completa do papel do governo na sociedade. Surge disso uma redefinição da relação político-administrativa projetada para assegurar maior responsabilidade e uma redução do poder dos administradores. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral verificar a aplicabilidade dos princípios e recomendações de governança corporativa para o setor público, indicados no estudo 13 do PSC/IFAC, ao setor público federal brasileiro. Para a realização desse propósito, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, a qual foi dividida em pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A técnica de coleta de dados utilizada na pesquisa de campo foi a entrevista, dividida em duas partes: a primeira, utilizando a entrevista não estruturada, consistiu em deixar o entrevistado relatar a situação dos planos de gestão dos governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Lula; a segunda, utilizando a entrevista estruturada, consistiu em aplicar o questionário sugerido no estudo 13, do PSC/IFAC, com questões relacionadas às recomendações de governança para o setor público. A entrevista foi realizada na administração pública federal, em especial na Secretaria de Gestão, do Ministério de Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. De uma forma geral, no que diz respeito aos princípios destacados no estudo 13, que deram origem às recomendações de governança, eles estão em consonância com os principais eixos da administração pública brasileira. Portanto, os princípios são perfeitamente aplicáveis ao setor público federal brasileiro. Quanto às recomendações de governança, percebe-se, também, a sua plena aplicabilidade, entretanto, deve-se considerar que os procedimentos checados estão a um nível mínimo de governança e que algumas recomendações precisam ser mais bem adaptadas ao setor público, pois estão com um enfoque muito privado.
The public sector plays an important role in society, and its effective governance may encourage the efficient use of resources, the demand for responsibility of reporting to the administrator of the resources; enhance administration and the delivery of goods, thus contributing to improve peoples lives. Many countries have gone through a complete re-evaluation of the role played by the government in society. This gives rise to a redefinition of the political-administrative relationship, which is devised to ensure that administrators face an increase in responsibility and a decrease in power. Within this context, the present dissertation aims at verifying the applicability to the public sector, of the principles and recommendations of corporative governance, as indicated in study 13 of PSC/IFAC, to the Brazilian Federal Public Sector. The qualitative approach, which comprised bibliographic and field research, was used in order to reach the intended purposes. Interviews were used for the data collection in the field research, and they presented two distinct parts: one using non-structured interview, which consisted of allowing the interviewee to report the situation of the management plans run under the presidency of Mr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Mr. da Silva; the other, based on structured interview, consisted of applying the questionnaire suggested by study 13, of PSC/IFAC, with questions on the governance recommendations for the public sector. The interview was carried out within the federal public administration, in special the Management Secretary an organ within the Ministry of Planning, Budgeting and Management. In general terms, it is possible to state that the same principles that gave rise to the recommendation of governance, and that are emphasized in study 13, are in agreement with the basics of the Brazilian Public Administration. Therefore, the principles are absolutely applicable to the Brazilian Federal Public Sector. As far as governance recommendations go, it is noticeable that its thorough applicability is possible; however, one must take into account that the procedures verified are at a minimum level of governance, and that some recommendations have to be better adapted to the public sector, because they are still excessively focused on the private sector.

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Rudebeck, Thérèse. "Corporations as custodians of the public good? : exploring the intersection of corporate water stewardship and global water governance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275840.

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This thesis is about Global Water Governance (GWG) – an overarching normative framework by which water management practices across all scales may be guided. More specifically, it seeks to develop an understanding of how Corporate Water Stewardship (CWS), and its facilitation of the inclusion of companies’ perspectives to address water issues, affects GWG. Understood as a form of market environmentalism – a doctrine premised on mutual synergies between environmental conservation and economic growth – CWS provides a channel for companies to participate in, as well as spearhead, a quest for more sustainable water management within and beyond their own operations. Despite a proliferation of activities undertaken by companies, CWS has attracted limited scholarly attention, and an overarching analysis of the effects that mounting corporate involvement has had on the global water discourse has so far been absent from scholarly debates. This research draws on over 500 documents published by companies, NGOs, and other organisations, alongside 50 interviews with key practitioners. It specifically questions: (i) the empirical context through which CWS emerged; (ii) the manner in which companies from various sectors conceptualise water and its management; (iii) the way CWS endeavours are legitimised and; (iv) the mechanisms through which companies exert influence. Chapters 4 to 8 comprise an analysis of the main research findings. Chapter 4 investigates why companies are interested in water issues, how companies frame them, and how CWS could materialise. Chapters 5 and 6 address how companies from different sectors engage in CWS in the contexts of water resources management, and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). Chapter 7 turns attention to how companies draw on non-conventional sources of authority to legitimise their activities, and Chapter 8 analyses how CWS influences GWG. When taken holistically, the thesis attests to the key point that the inclusion of companies in solving water issues matters; their presence changes the status quo of water governance. More importantly, the thesis goes beyond such assertions by pointing towards how it matters. It finds that, as a result of corporate involvement, water is being reconceptualised from an environmental and social risk to society, to an economic risk for businesses. Moreover, although companies may not be doing this in an ill-intentioned way, the research suggests that when they participate in water interventions, they alter GWG by promoting the commercialisation of water management, the valuation of water risk, and the liberalisation of water governance. Thus, although the involvement of companies may contribute to improving the management and governance of water across all scales, their involvement has to be matched with proper ‘checks and balances’ to ensure that CWS serves the public good, rather than simply contributing to private profit.

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Sibert, Ronald I. "Privatization and corporate governance mining synergy from conflict across sectors, a case study /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.02 Mb., 264 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200537.

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Dyballa, Katharina [Verfasser], Kornelius [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraft, and Philip [Gutachter] Jung. "Corporate governance in the private and public sector : Empirical studies on the determination of managerial incentives in the private sector and efficiency and quality in the public sector / Katharina Dyballa ; Gutachter: Philip Jung ; Betreuer: Kornelius Kraft." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149920440/34.

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Parker, Nazima Begum. "Employee perception of public sector compliance with corporate governance principles : case of the Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/982.

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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Greater emphasis has in recent years been placed on the fiduciary duties of managers vis-a-vis Chief Financial Officers, Accounting Officers and political representatives. The exposure has given rise to the shift in focus to overarching activities promoting social responsibility, ethics, discipline, transparency, fairness, independence and most importantly, accountability. Previous research (Burger & Goslin, 2005) focused on the rising incidence of mismanagement of public funds within government departments which has been credited to non-compliance in good governance or best practices. The rising interest by the media and the public on governanace and the role of public officials may be attributed to the various high-profile televised media releases; which includes the alleged alliance of Jacob Zuma with Schabir Schaik as emerged in the Schabir Schaik trail, the "Travelgate Scam", the 'Oilgate Saga' and the 'Arms Deal', which are but a few media reports. Corporate governance is thus understood as the method of control and accountability prevailent within the management and directorship of an organisation. The seven principles as propagated by the King Report on Governance, 2002 (referred to as the King II report), namely discipline, transparency, independence, accountability, responsibility, fairness and social responsibility is examined in this paper so as to establish whether there is an understanding and application of corporate governance within the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport, Western Cape Provincial Government or whether good governance is integrated throughout the Provincial Department in question. In addition, the paper presents the analysis and findings of the employee perception survey conducted on public sector compliance to corporate governance principles, within the above provincial department, who were utilised as the case-study for this paper. The survey findings has reveals that the application of corporate principles exist in terms of the perceptions of the employees within the Provincial Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport. However, the study further revealed that there exists opportunities for improvement. The paper will detail the recommendations for the said department to promote corporate governance.

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Awa, Avendaño Jhonatan Martin, and Castro Melissa Jenny Malla. "Propuesta de modelo de gestión corporativa para una empresa familiar del sector transporte público en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622224.

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La investigación está orientada al planteamiento de una propuesta de gestión corporativa para empresas familiares del sector transporte, puesto que al analizar este sector se encontró la necesidad de las empresas por plantear estrategias que las ayude a sostenerse en el tiempo, debido a que sus operaciones no las realizan de manera eficiente y por ello no les permite crecer en el mercado. A lo largo de esta investigación se tomó como referencia a diversos autores en temas administrativos que permitieron desarrollar el marco teórico, el cual servirá de base para plantear la propuesta de modelo de gestión corporativa para una empresa familiar con giro de negocio el transporte público en Lima, además como parte del análisis del sector se consultó estudios y datos informativos por parte del ministerio de transportes y comunicaciones, entidad reguladora del sector, para tener un panorama exacto del rubro, además de observar la situación del transporte público en la ciudad y cómo operan en la actualidad. En cuanto a la empresa, el grupo de investigación tuvo contacto con el gerente general de la empresa San Antonio S.A., la cual cumple con las características fundamentales para el desarrollo del trabajo. Finalmente, el proyecto llega a la conclusión que la empresa necesita realizar una correcta gestión corporativa, por ello podría tomar en cuenta la propuesta planteada con la finalidad de poder sostenerse en el tiempo y diferenciarse de la competencia.
The research is oriented to the approach of a company of corporate management for familiar companies of the sector of transport, since to analyze this sector was found the necessity of the companies for the posing strategies that help them to be sustained in the time, because their operations do not perform efficiently and therefore do not allow them to grow in the market. Throughout this research was taken as reference to several authors in administrative subjects that allow to develop the theoretical framework, which serves as a basis to propose the proposal of corporate management model for a family business in business of public transportation in Lima. In addition, as part of the analysis of the sector, studies and informative data were consulted by the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the sector regulator, to have an accurate view of the area, as well as to observe the situation of public transport in the city and how they operate now. As for the company, the research group had contact with the general manager of San Antonio Company., which meets the fundamental characteristics for the development of the work. Finally, the project concludes that the company needs to carry out a proper corporate management, so it could take into account the proposed proposal with the aim of being able to be sustained over time and differentiate itself from the competition.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

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Camargo, Guilherme Bueno de. "Governança republicana como vetor para a interpretação das normas de direito financeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-19112010-080857/.

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O mundo corporativo desenvolveu mecanismos para atenuar os conflitos de agência, decorrentes das divergências entre os interesses dos acionistas e dos gestores profissionais. A adoção de práticas de governança corporativa nas sociedades empresariais, em que o capital está pulverizado entre milhares de acionistas que não participam da gestão do negócio, impõe aos gestores um comportamento ético, pautado pela boa-fé, pela transparência, pela prestação de contas, pela eficiência e pela responsabilidade pelos atos de gestão. De outro lado, permite que os acionistas acompanhem e participem do estabelecimento das diretrizes da administração do empreendimento, sempre sob o pressuposto de que o gestor age em nome dos interesses dos proprietários da empresa. No regime republicano estabelecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 os cidadãos são os titulares da res publica, cabendo ao gestor público a administração da coisa pública em prol dos interesses da sociedade. A gestão dos recursos públicos, regulada pelo Direito Financeiro, deve seguir rigorosamente a lógica republicana, mas neste ponto é possível identificar potenciais conflitos de agência entre os gestores públicos e os cidadãos. Com o objetivo de garantir a melhor aplicação dos escassos recursos financeiros arrecadados junto à sociedade, a Constituição Federal institucionalizou um complexo sistema de preservação do interesse público na gestão financeira estatal, sistema esse descrito neste trabalho, aqui denominado de governança republicana. Esse complexo, constituído de normas e princípios constitucionais, normas infraconstitucionais, mecanismos de controle e planejamento, além de formas de participação social, formam um sistema institucional de proteção à boa aplicação dos recursos financeiros do Estado e devem servir aos aplicadores do direito como vetor para a interpretação das normas de Direito Financeiro.
The corporate world developed mechanisms to lessen agency conflicts due to divergences between shareholders and professional managers interests. The adoption of corporate governing practices in corporate businesses (where the capital is spread out among thousands of shareholders, who do not participate in the administration of the business) requires an ethical behavior from the managers; this ethical behavior should be guided by good-faith, transparency, accountability, efficiency and responsibility for the administrative actions. On the other hand, it allows the shareholders to accompany and to participate in the establishment of guidelines for the administration of the enterprise, always under the presupposition that the manager acts on behalf of the interests of the company owner. Under the republican regime, established by the 1988 Federal Constitution, the citizens are the holders of the republic; thus, it is the responsibility of the public administrator to manage the public thing on behalf of the interests of society. The administration of the public resources, which is regulated by the Financial Law, must strictly follow the republican logic, but in this sense it is possible to identify potentials agency conflicts between public administrators and citizens. With the objective of ensuring the best application of the scarce financial resources collected from society, the Federal Constitution institutionalized a complex system of preservation of the public interest in the state financial administration, and this system is described in this work and is here denominated of Republican governance. This complex (which is constituted of norms and constitutional principles, infra-constitutional norms, planning and control mechanisms, besides forms of social participation) forms an institutional protection system for the good application of the State financial resources and it should also be useful to those who apply the law as a vector for the interpretation of Financial Law norms.

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Agyenim-Boateng, Cletus. "Examining the structuration processes in the financial accountability and governance practices pertaining to the public private joint venture partnerships (LIFT) in the UK health sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/examining-the-structuration-processes-in-the-financial-accountability-and-governance-practices-pertaining-to-the-public-private-joint-venture-partnerships-lift-in-the-uk-health-sector(96d755d2-22e4-48ac-8324-f4e9c603d8b9).html.

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Shaoul et al. (2012) state that the accounting, scrutiny and oversight of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) remain areas of concern. Also, there have been calls for a more socio-technical and multidisciplinary approach to accounting and governance studies (Broadbent, 2012; Broadbent and Guthrie 2008), especially in relation to the empirical study of PPPs (Hodge et al., 2010). This thesis responds to these calls in part by drawing on Giddens’ structuration theory to examine the financial accountability and governance concerns that are created in PPP joint venture structures. The empirical work focuses on the health sector, which is identified as one of the sectors inundated by PPP activities, particularly in the UK (Treasury, 2012; Whitfield, 2010). It adopts a case study approach, based on qualitative methodology, which involves documentary analysis of secondary data and interviews in relation to two PPP schemes under the Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) scheme in the UK’s health sector.The thesis investigates: the extent to which the corporate structures of the LIFT scheme do complicate financial accountability and governance including external scrutiny; the extent to which the LIFT scheme does enhance partnership working between the public and private sector partners; the structures in financial accountability and governance in the LIFT scheme; the human agents that provide agency in financial accountability and governance in the LIFT scheme and; whether and in what ways structures and human agency in financial accountability and governance interact in the LIFT scheme and what the implications are.The thesis finds firstly that the complex corporate structure of the LIFT scheme is very complicated and the joint venture mechanism cannot be relied upon to deliver transparency of reporting. Secondly, as limited companies, all financial reporting follows private sector accounting regulations and Company Law and there is minimal disclosure in terms of information available to the general public. This is worsened by lack of information sharing between partners as evidenced in one case study group. Thirdly, there was considerable inconsistency in the reporting due to multiplicity of interpretive schemas between the two case study groups. Fourthly, there was considerable change in the reporting due both to changes in accounting regulations and changes in organisational structure and interpretive schemas throughout the period. Fifthly, there is lack of continuity of public sector oversight and monitoring as the public sector, in practice, restricts its activities to pre-operational phase and limited oversight after construction phases. Moreover, partnership working is very difficult in the context of profit seeking under the LIFT structure. Partnership working and success of the LIFT scheme may depend on trust, key personalities working together as well as leadership. From the structuration perspective, the study finds structural contradictions and conflicts of interests in financial accountability and governance practices. Therefore, transparency, public accountability, oversight and scrutiny are necessarily undermined and, policy makers should pay attention to not only the private sector technologies but also the manner in which they are used to benefit finance capital.

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Torpey, John F. "The Influence of Regulatory Oversight on Environmental, Social, and Governance Ratings." Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank1586421855928535.

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Toledo, Davis Wilian Graciano de. "Viabilidade de implantação do 1o nível de governança corporativa no IFSP – campus Hortolândia – sob a ótica do institucionalismo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9211.

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Não recebi financiamento
The Corporate Governance is current topic with a great relevance for organizational management. In the public sector, the Corporate Governance has gained a prominent role with the movement called New Public Management (NPM), started in the 1980s, during the Margaret Thatcher’s terms as British prime minister. This movement was intended to bring the methods and tools developed and employed successfully on the private sector for the public administration, in order to streamline the state apparatus, making its most effective and creating accountability mechanisms for the public agents actions in the exercise of his functions. In Brazil, these changes gained momentum during the government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in 1995, with the reform of the state apparatus promoted by the minister Bresser Pereira. It was in this context that the Corporate Governance arises in our country. In 2000, the Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo – BOVESPA, established the Novo Mercado, whose goal was to create a high level standard of Corporate Governance in the brazilian stock market. Within this new context arise the levels of Corporate Governance (level I and level II), which, through a set of rules, aim to provide greater transparency on the management of companies that are subject to this system. The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of implementing the level I of Corporate Governance in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, specifically on campus Hortolândia, a local school that belongs to the federal network of professional, scientific and technological education. To achieve this purpose, the present research deals with a case study, in which a descriptive-qualitative research was carried out through observations of the material obtained through semi-structured interviews and documentary research. Documentary research, based on the analysis of laws, normative acts and the institution’s statute allowed us to conclude that the institution has legal and normative bases that provide support for the implementation of this management model. In the semi-structured interviews, 12 individuals were interviewed, including members of campus administration, counselors and a manager who works at the Rectory. Through the analysis of interviews, it was also possible to conclude that the implementation of the Campus Council (CONCAM) has brought great progress to the practice of shared management within the organization, but that there are still several aspects to be improved to consolidate this management model in the institution, such as the improvement of transparency, accountability and social participation promotion tools, which enables the implementation of a corporate governance system with the characteristics of the BOVESPA's Corporate Governance Level I.
A Governança Corporativa é um assunto atual e de grande relevância para a gestão organizacional. No setor público, a Governança Corporativa ganhou papel de destaque com o movimento denominado New Public Management (NPM), iniciado nos anos 1980, durante a gestão de Margaret Thatcher frente ao parlamento do Reino Unido. Este movimento tinha por objetivo trazer métodos e ferramentas desenvolvidos e empregados com sucesso no setor privado para a administração pública com a finalidade de enxugar o aparelho estatal, tornar sua operacionalização mais eficaz e criar mecanismos de responsabilização do agente público por suas ações no exercício de suas funções. No Brasil, essas mudanças ganharam força durante o governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, em 1995, com a reforma do aparelho de Estado promovida pelo então ministro Bresser Pereira. Foi neste contexto que a Governança Corporativa surgiu em nosso país. No ano 2000 a Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo – BOVESPA, instituiu o Novo Mercado, com o objetivo de criar um padrão diferenciado de Governança Corporativa no mercado brasileiro de ações. Dentro deste novo contexto surgem os níveis diferenciados de Governança Corporativa (nível I e nível II), que, através de um conjunto de regras, conferem maior transparência à gestão das empresas que se submetem ao sistema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade de implementação do Nível I de Governança Corporativa no campus Hortolândia do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), uma autarquia da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica. Para atingir este intento, a presente pesquisa trata de um estudo de caso, no qual empregou-se uma pesquisa descritiva-qualitativa realizada através de observações do material obtido por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa documental. A pesquisa documental, que se assentou sobre a análise de leis, atos normativos e do estatuto da instituição, nos permitiu concluir que a instituição possui bases legais e normativas que provêm sustentação para a implementação deste modelo de gestão. Nas entrevistas semiestruturadas foram entrevistados 12 indivíduos, entre eles, membros da administração do campus, conselheiros e um gestor vinculado à Reitoria. Através da análise destas entrevistas também foi possível concluir que a implantação do Conselho de Campus (CONCAM), trouxe grande avanço à prática de gestão compartilhada dentro da organização, mas que ainda existem diversos aspectos a serem aprimorados para que o modelo de gestão venha a se consolidar dentro da instituição, tais como o aprimoramento das ferramentas de transparência, prestação de contas e de promoção da participação da comunidade, o que torna viável a implantação de um sistema de Governança Corporativa com as características do Nível I de Governança Corporativa da BOVESPA.

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Pereira, Rosania Nascimento. "Governança Corporativa no modelo da Organização Social de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1115.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Part of the Reform Plan of the State's strategy was to transfer at the end of the 90s, to the non public sector producing services such as health, education and culture, seeking to promote greater efficiency and quality services. A key strategy was the creation of social organizations (OS). Since 1998, the State Health Department of São Paulo (SES) transferred the management of hospitals to these organizations through management contracts that discriminated objectives and targets to be achieved for the production of health services. Due to the fact that it was the management of public money, the corporate governance issue was relevant to public administration. The research evaluates the governance in the social organization of health SPDM - Association for the Development of Medicine as the criteria for accountability (account responsibility) and transparency through the analysis of existing, contracts and reports that regulate OSS legislation. The research results show that the criteria for accountability and transparency - important to ensure good governance in the public sector elements - according to the literature examined were not achieved considering that: the government of Sao Paulo is the main buyer, payer and performance controller of these organizations; in compliance with the time limits due to law enforcement for accountability; the quality of information of the S.E.S. to the departments of external control and the difficulty of access to information for stakeholders
Parte da estratégia do Plano Diretor da Reforma do Estado foi transferir, no final da década de 90, para o setor público não estatal a produção de serviços tais como saúde, educação e cultura, procurando promover maior eficiência e qualidade dos serviços. Uma das principais estratégias foi a criação das organizações sociais de saúde (OSS). A partir de 1998, a Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo (SES) tem repassado a gestão de hospitais para essas organizações mediante contrato de gestão que discrimina objetivos e metas para a produção de serviços de saúde. Por se tratar da gestão do dinheiro público, o tema governança corporativa é relevante para a administração pública. A pesquisa avalia a governança na organização social de saúde SPDM - Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Medicina - quanto aos critérios de accountability (responsabilidade em prestar conta) e transparência por meio da análise da legislação vigente, contratos e relatórios que regulam as OSS. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que os critérios de accountability e transparência - elementos importantes para garantir uma boa governança no setor público , de acordo com a literatura examinada, ainda não foram alcançados tendo em vista que o governo de São Paulo é o principal comprador, pagador e controlador do desempenho dessas organizações; que há necessidade do cumprimento dos prazos previstos na lei para prestação de contas; que a qualidade das informações pela S.E.S. junto aos órgãos de controle externo é primordial, e que há dificuldade de acesso às informações para os stakeholders

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Paiva, Paulo Roberto de. "Estudo exploratório sobre gestão ambiental municipal e a influência dos prefeitos no desempenho dos municípios no Programa Município Verde Azul, observados sob a ótica dos interlocutores e da teoria do agenciamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-01112016-110552/.

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Com o aumento da população mundial no século XX, houve incremento no consumo de bens duráveis e produtos alimentícios, favorecido e facilitado pelo processo de expansão das indústrias em todo o mundo, principalmente devido ao processo de globalização. No intuito de recuperar os danos causados durante décadas ao Meio Ambiente, alguns países optaram por adotar políticas públicas de gestão ambiental. O foco principal foi a gestão estratégica ambiental das cidades. Nasceram assim, na Europa, alguns programas voltados para a gestão ambiental das cidades, tendo como destaque o prêmio \"Capital verde Europeia\". A exemplo da iniciativa europeia, o Governo do Estado de São Paulo criou, por meio da secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado, programa que visa auxiliar os gestores municipais no sentido de direcionar estrategicamente a gestão ambiental, dado que inexistia uniformidade na condução das políticas ambientais dos municípios. Trata-se do Programa Município Verde Azul. Nasceu daí o interesse em estudar a relação existente entre os conceitos de governança no setor público e a teoria do agenciamento e sua relação com o Programa Município Verde Azul, onde há a classificação do desempenho apresentado pelos municípios por meio da pontuação (ranking) do programa. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi efetuar estudo exploratório sobre gestão Ambiental municipal e a influência dos prefeitos no desempenho dos municípios no Programa Município Verde Azul, observados sob a ótica dos interlocutores e da Teoria do Agenciamento. Os objetivos específicos foram explorar as características do papel dos gestores ambientais (interlocutores), e do principal executivo (Agente) com a finalidade de identificar seu grau de comprometimento com a gestão ambiental, expressa por meio de sua vontade política e participação na elaboração, condução e acompanhamento da gestão ambiental, enquanto agente contratado. Por meio de questionário (survey) enviado aos interlocutores do programa foi possível o agrupamento de fatores (análise fatorial) para as diretrizes que foram posteriormente utilizadas em análise de regressão linear múltipla, no intuito de comprovação do modelo estimado. Como resultado desta pesquisa foi possível identificar que o Agente influencia o sistema de gestão ambiental do município, bem como as notas obtidas no ranking do PMVA.
With the increase in world population in the twentieth century, there was an increase in the consumption of durable goods and food products, favored and facilitated by the process of expanding industries throughout the world, mainly due to the globalization process. In order to recover the environmental damage produced in deccades, some countries have chosen to adopt public policies for environmental management. The main focus was the Strategic Environmental management of cities. So were developed, in Europe, some programs for the environmental management of cities, having as a highlight the \"European Green Capital\" award. Following the example of the European initiative, the Government of the State of São Paulo created, through the state\'s environment secretary, a program which aims to help municipal managers to strategically direct the environmental management, due to the nonexistent uniformity in the conduct of environmental policies of the municipalities. It was called the Green Blue City Program. This was the origin of the interest in studying the relationship between the concepts of governance in the public sector and the theory of agency and it\'s relationship with the Green Blue City Program, where there is a classification of the performance presented by the municipalities through the score (ranking) of the program. The general objective of this research was to make exploratory study on environmental management and the influence of municipal mayors in municipalities in the Green Blue City Program from the perspective of the environmental managers (talkers) and Agency theory. The specific objectives are to explore the characteristics of the role of the environmental managers (talkers), and the Main Executive Officer (Agent) in order to identify their degree of commitment to environmental management, expressed through their political will and participation in the preparation, conduct and monitoring of environmental management, as an agent hired by the population. Through a questionnaire (survey) sent to the program\'s interlocutors, it was possible to group factors (factor analysis) to the guidelines that were later used in multiple linear regression analysis, intending to prove the estimated model. As a result of this research it was possible to identify that the agent influences the environmental management system of the municipality, as well as the marks obtained in the ranking of PMVA.

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Dyrmose, Morten. "Markets and how they work : a comparative analysis of fieldwork evidence on globalisation, corporate governance, institutional structure and competition in Russia, India and China, supported by a quantitative worldwide cross-section study of market anomalies." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3233.

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This thesis examines the efficacy of markets, using both quantitative and qualitative methods in a complementary way. Specifically, it starts (in Part II) by using the results from a quantitative analysis of initial public offering (IPO) underpricing as a barometer for corporate governance failure. This quantitative work identified Russia, China and India as extreme outliers. The data set used for this work was the cross-section sample of 45 countries developed by Loughran, Ritter & Rydqvist (2008). More broadly (in Part III), the thesis takes the lead of the quantitative evidence to examine, in a qualitative framework, possible sources of corporate governance failure in China, India and Russia. This was done categorically, under the headings of Globalisation, Corporate Governance, Institutional Structure and Competitive Strategy. Data were gathered by eldwork in China, India and Russia, and these findings were then benchmarked against findings from further fieldwork in the United Kingdom. This created a unique 56,000 word database, which was used for both cross-site and within-site analysis. This indicates how both unique attributes (e.g. rule of law, transparency, regulation, etc.), and common attributes (e.g. transition from a socialist/Marxist regime, market immaturity, asymmetric information etc.), combine to explain the different morphologies of corporate governance in these three countries. The quantitative analysis (Part II) consists of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and econometric work. The exploratory data analysis establishes, through graphical means and regression techniques, a negative correlation between IPO underpricing and globalisation (as measured by the KOF index, see Dreher, 2006). Building on this, the subsequent econometric modelling suggests that economic, demographic and institutional factors are all significant determinants of IPO underpricing. The qualitative analysis carried out in Part III of the thesis, builds on and extends the quantitative analysis of Part II. This is consistent with the multiple method approach, which combines both quantitative and qualitative analysis to achieve a synthesis of findings. The qualitative analysis uses evidence from semi-structured interviews with finance professionals and opinion makers, as well as evidence from additional primary and secondary sources, which was also made available through fieldwork contacts. This analysis emphasises the especial importance of board composition, information flows, the judicial system, the stock exchanges, and financial regulators for forms of corporate governance.

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Chung, Chun Pong Thomas. "Corporate governance in the banking and finance sector." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621335.

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The focus of this thesis is an examination of certain weaknesses in the corporate governance at UK and US banks which constituted an underlying cause of the crisis. It considers the regulatory responses to these identified weaknesses and assesses to what extent these have led to improvements in corporate governance at banks. This research is based on an examination of all the failures at UK and US banks during and after the crisis, and of its related responses. In addition to UK and US responses, several solutions to the weaknesses identified at UK and US banks are addressed through EU legislation. The conclusions are that board effectiveness was low due to a lack of knowledge and of challenging of senior management; there was a culture placing growth and profit over risk management; and remuneration was structured leading to unacceptable risk taking resulting in scandals. It is concluded that the mechanisms to limit the impact of a failure of a bank on its stakeholders were inadequate. A case study of the financial crisis in US during the 1990s is undertaken to consider whether the US regulatory response offers lessons to UK regulators and legislators. The finding is that analysis of regulation and corporate governance at banks is problematic. There were similarities between the two financial crises, the organisation and culture of the UK and US banks is so different that different regulatory responses follow.

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Lundström, Viktoria. "Doing Buisiness in the Public Sector : The Cross-Sector Interactions Between CSR and Public Priorities in Denver." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160467.

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The aim of the thesis is to analyze local Corporate Social Responsibility and how this relates to local political priorities in Denver, Colorado to provide insights both in the US context but also in the midst of the Swedish debate regarding the role of private provision of welfare. The research questions are threefold: 1. Are private engagements addressing welfare issues as identified by the public sector?, 2. What is the interaction between public and private sector in social engagements in Denver? and 3. What expressions of a governance network prevails in the cross-sector interactions in social provisions in this case study? The empirical material used in this case study consist of data collected by conducting semi-structured interviews from Denver-based corporations and individuals working for the City and County of Denver. Theories of governance; network governance and interactive governance have been applied in structuring and in the analysis of the empirical data. The results indicate that due to the internal incapacity as a result of the fiscal- and spending restrictions of the public sector in the provision of social services, the public sector lacks the capacity in providing social services for the constituents. This has opened up for a need of nontraditional governance solutions which includes a dependence of private-sector provision of welfare. Furthermore, there are expressions which indicate that CSR does play a role in the local provision of social services by filling the gap of provision which is left as a result of the institutional incapacity of the public sector. However, there are indicators of large variations in the connectedness of the linkages within the network, varying from close connections and comanagement between CSR and public initiatives to activities expressed as the self-governance of corporations in the provision of social services, making top-down goal sharing such as incentives crucial for the public sector to get corporations to address local priorities. Keywords: governance, interactive governance, network governance, welfare provision, cross-sector, CSR

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Nfuka, Edephonce Ngemera. "IT governance in Tanzanian public sector organisations." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-70412.

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In many public sector organisations, the use of Information Technology (IT) has become important for sustaining and extending public service delivery. This has caused there to be a critical dependency on IT, which calls for a specific focus on effective IT governance. Accordingly, the success factors for effective IT governance must be determined and adhered to if an organisation wishes to increase the contribution of IT towards achieving its objectives. Much research has been carried out on IT governance effectiveness and the necessary success factors, but not with a focus on organisations from a developing country such as Tanzania. The context in these organisations is characterised by IT resources, knowledge and culture constraints as well as by an increasing level of IT investment and applications. In this research, we analyse how IT governance practices are implemented in Tanzanian public sector organisations (TaPSOs) and benchmark their levels of maturity. Furthermore, we analyse and identify the critical success factors (CSFs) that contribute to effective IT governance in TaPSOs. Subsequently, we analyse the effects of these CSFs on IT governance performance and develop and evaluate a CSFs framework for implementing effective IT governance in TaPSOs. We find weak IT governance practices, especially in terms of processes. This was also pointed out by the lower level of IT governance maturity in TaPSOs in contrast to public sector organisations in developed countries. Furthermore, we find that the identified CSFs have a significant effect on IT governance performance in TaPSOs. In addition, the designed CSFs framework is found to be important for providing guidelines to be used by IT and business management personnel for implementing effective IT governance. This CSFs framework for implementing effective IT governance in TaPSOs consists of the IT governance focus areas, CSFs, activities, roles, IT resources and environment in which it should be implemented. In contrast to existing frameworks from the research literature, the designed CSFs framework offers a holistic view by focusing on the five IT governance focus areas.

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Mambondiani, Lance. "Corporate governance of banks : evidence from Zimbabwe's banking sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corporate-governance-of-banks-evidence-ftom-zimbabwes-banking-sector(8a924bd2-09e5-42b9-a9a4-70c9064d60f6).html.

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Banks play a primary role in the intermediation of savings and investments. As a result, the stability and development of the financial sector is of paramount importance to most countries. In developed countries, the global financial crisis which led to the shocking collapse of Lehman Brothers and distress in other global financial giants such as AIG, Merrill Lynch, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Northern Rock have raised concerns about corporate governance in the financial sector and more specifically, the importance of a stable banking sector worldwide. In developing countries, financial systems are heavily reliant on banking firms since they are the largest intermediaries. The institutional environment which includes substantial ownership by insider owners, poor legal and regulatory systems, corruption and the existence of distributional cartels underscore the need for effective regulation and sound corporate governance aimed at curbing excessive risk taking by owners. The effects of different ownership structures on banks have received little attention particularly in developing countries. Literature suggests that whether the ownership rights of a bank are held by just a few shareholders or by many and whether these shareholders are insiders or outsiders has differing effects on corporate governance. This study analyses the effects of ownership structure on corporate governance in Zimbabwean banks. The Zimbabwean banking sector has experienced major changes since the liberalisation of the financial markets in 1991. The sector expanded due to the entry of a significant number of private indigenous banks in a market previously dominated by foreign banks. Following this expansion, the sector suffered a near-systemic crisis in 2003 which resulted in the collapse of 13 of these newly registered banks and the arrest of several owner managers for abusing depositor’s funds. After the financial sector crisis, the central bank implemented new corporate governance regulations in 2004 which introduced a separation between ownership and management. The objective of the regulation was to address the problems relating to insider ownership concentration address corporate governance weaknesses in banks. The findings from this study indicate ownership concentration in all the banks across ownership types, and insider ownership concentration in private indigenous banks before and after the 2004 regulations. The empirical evidence also find that banks with insider ownership concentration suffered corporate governance weaknesses which resulted in problems such as related party transactions, frauds, tunnelling and abuse of depositor’s funds compared to those with outside ownership concentration. In this regard, the study finds that in developing countries, insider ownership concentration may result in corporate governance weaknesses whilst outsider ownership concentration can result in increased monitoring. The study also finds evidence of a weak legal and regulatory framework, poor enforcement and regulatory forbearance as some of the institutional arrangements which affected ownership structure and corporate governance in banks. The analysis in this study also indicate that the regulatory changes introduced by the central bank in 2004 have not been ineffective in tackling the corporate which resulted from insider ownership concentration. As a result, the study questions the a wholesome adoption of Anglo-Saxon type provisions relating to separation between ownership and management without an empirical analysis of their appropriateness to developing countries in developing countries.

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Jiang, Yi. "Corporate governance across institutional contexts." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150918766.

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Lam, Wai-nang Robin, and 林偉能. "Corporate governance of public companies in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126539X.

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Bosman, Estelle. "Public corporate governance with specific emphasis on accountability." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95639.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Corporate governance systems have evolved over centuries, often in response to corporate failures or system crises. From the early 1990s in South Africa, corporate governance began to reach prominence, prompted by losses from fraudulent activities within corporate entities such as Masterbond, Fidentia and Enron. Corporate governance is aimed at curtailing such fraudulent behaviour. In 1994, the elected democratic majority government of South Africa found that there were no standard rules or principles in place to either control or govern the delivery of services and the carrying out of policies. Government then made corporate governance a significant part of their strategic vision of restructuring. A protocol on corporate governance was published to provide guidance, specifically to the public sector in South Africa. In line with the protocol, policies and procedures were put in place in order to assist the public sector to meet corporate governance standards and best practice. It is apparent that the lack of systematic accountability can cost the public sector and the taxpayers of South Africa millions in terms of redoing work, inefficiency, workplace conflicts and misunderstandings. This in turn leads to ineffective work practices and leadership. This research study set out to establish how accountable the public sector is, specifically the Western Cape Government, concerning the protocol and the policies and procedures that are in place. The study aimed to evaluate the accountability of project coordinators within the Western Cape Government, specifically on construction projects. The literature review in the research report identifies the roles and responsibilities, stipulated in the policies and procedures, that the public sector needs to adhere to in order to be accountable. A scorecard was compiled to cross check the accountability of staff within the Western Cape Government in line with the policies and procedures in place. A construction project was used as an example on the scorecard and the outcome thereof is published in the report. This research report reveals the shortcoming of governance and specifically accountability within governance and determines how it could be addressed.

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Kimani, Danson. "Investigating factors which influence the practice of corporate governance within the Kenyan corporate sector." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/51777/.

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This thesis examines the compatibility of Kenya’s (Anglo-American-originated) CG code with the country’s institutional environment. Its inspiration arises from researcher’s observation that Kenyan firms continue to experience various CG challenges despite the adoption of an international code of CG practices. The study is further motivated by analysis of existing literature, which identifies three important gaps in literature addressed in this thesis, namely: (a) scanty understanding concerning the applicability of foreign CG codes within LDCs institutional environments, (b) limited literature on CG in the context of Africa, and (c) insufficient qualitative CG research notwithstanding mixed results from quantitative studies. A multi-method approach was utilised in gathering data including: twenty-one interviews with representative CG stakeholders, field observations of six listed firms’ AGMs, and archival evidence (annual reports and corporate websites, records of AGM proceedings, official documents and policy publications). The study then employs thematic and content analysis to investigate factors which influence the practice of Kenya’s CG code within the corporate sector. This thesis’s findings demonstrate that despite the merits of the Anglo-American governance model, the present code of CG practice in Kenya is incompatible with the country’s institutional environment. Analysis of data establishes the source of this incompatibility as arising from various ambits including: highly concentrated ownership structure of firms, absence of shareholder activism, powerful traditional norms and culture, outdated corporate statutes and weak regulatory environment, and uncertainties within the country’s economy. Contrary to expectations following adoption of Kenya’s CG code, this thesis finds that Kenyan firms continue to experience severe CG challenges. These include erosion of shareholder wealth, bankruptcy risk, and conflicts between firms and local communities. This thesis makes as least two contributions to the theory and practice of corporate governance in developing countries, such Kenya. Firstly, it develops and tests a theoretical framework for examining the practice of CG in Kenya. The framework demonstrates that to understand the way CG codes are practiced in a developing country, requires awareness of factors which characterised the development of the code(s) along with the country-specific implementation process. Secondly, by providing empirical evidence of the incompatibility of the Anglo-American CG model in Kenya, the study reveals how the actions of CG practitioners are defined by a powerful institutional environment, including traditional customs and culture, notwithstanding the existence of explicit CG regulations developed internationally (e.g. in western countries). This was also found to be the principal cause for variance between the provisions of the CG code and actual practice. Finally, this thesis provides both immediate and long-term suggestions for policy. Immediate policy intervention may include a review of conflicting corporate sector regulations and adequate resourcing of relevant regulatory bodies. Long-term policy consideration should focus on reviewing the current CG code with due regard to the ‘ecosystem’ of firms to avoid tensions occasioned by the institutional environment; including conflicts with non-shareholding constituencies.

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Islas, Rojas Gonzalo Andres. "Essays on corporate ownership and governance." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495960821&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Terblanche, Judith. "An information technology governance framework for the public sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18007.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Information technology (IT) has an impact on the accomplishments of the entity (Kaselowski, 2008:83). Traditionally, public sector entities struggle to gain any value from the IT environment and regularly overspend on IT projects. In South Africa the Third King Report on Corporate Governance (King III) introduced ‘The governance of IT’ (IODSA, 2009) applicable to both private and public sector entities. Although generic IT frameworks such as ITIL and COBIT exist and are used by private and public entities to govern the IT environment, public sector entities require a specific IT governance framework suited to the unique characteristics and business processes of the public sector entity. Taking into account the unique nature of the public sector entity, the purpose of this study was to assist public sector entities in their IT governance efforts through the development of a framework to be used to govern IT effectively, since sufficient guidance for the public sector does not exist. Leopoldi (2005) specifically pointed out that a top-bottom framework could be limiting for entities operating in a diverse field and having complicated organisational structures, both characteristics integral to the public sector environment. Since a topbottom and a bottom-top approach fulfil different purposes, both are needed for IT governance in the public sector entity. By combining the two approaches and focusing on the unique environment of the public sector entity, a governance framework can be established. This will ensure that insight has been gained into the IT environment and the business processes and that true alignment between the business and the IT environment for the public sector entity has been achieved. This framework developed will assist the public sector entity in governing the IT environment unique to this industry and will equip public sector management with a framework to govern IT more effectively, while under pressure of public scrutiny.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Informasietegnologie (IT) het 'n impak op die prestasies van 'n entiteit (Kaselowski, 2008:83). Openbare sektor entiteite sukkel tradisioneel om enige voordeel uit die IT-omgewing te behaal en oorspandeer gereeld op IT-projekte. Die Derde King Verslag oor Korporatiewe Beheer (King III) het beheerbeginsels vir IT omskryf wat vir beide die private en openbare sektor entiteite in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks toepaslik is (IODSA, 2009). Alhoewel generiese IT raamwerke, soos ITIL en COBIT, deur beide private en openbare sektor entiteite gebruik word om die IT-omgewing te beheer, benodig openbare sektor entiteite 'n toepaslike IT-beheerraamwerk wat die unieke eienskappe en besigheidsprosesse van die openbare sektor entiteit ondersteun. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing was gerig op die identifisering van ’n IT-beheerraamwerk vir die openbare sektor, om openbare sektor entiteite te ondersteun in die beheer van IT. Aangesien die aard van ’n openbare sektor entiteit verskil van dié van ’n private sektor entiteit, moet die beheer wat toegepas word ook verskillend van aard wees en geen toepaslike riglyne vir die openbare sektor is tans beskikbaar nie. Entiteite wat in 'n diverse omgewing bedryf word en aan 'n komplekse organisatoriese struktuur blootgestel is, mag moontlik deur gebruik te maak van 'n top-bodem beheerraamwerk beperk word (Leopoldi, 2005). Beide hierdie eienskappe is integraal tot openbare sektor entiteite. 'n Top-bodem en bodem-top beheerraamwerk vervul verskillende funksies en in die openbare sektor is beide aanslae noodsaaklik vir die beheer van IT. Deur gebruik te maak van ’n gekombineerde aanslag en op die unieke eienskappe verwant aan die openbare sektor entiteite te fokus, kan effektiewe beheerraamwerk ontwikkel word. Dit sal verseker dat insig in die IT-omgewing en die besigheidsprosesse verkry is en dat belyning tussen die besigheid en die IT-omgewing vir die openbare sektor bereik is. Die beheerraamwerk wat ontwikkel is sal die openbare sektor entiteit ondersteun om die IT omgewing, uniek aan die sektor, doeltreffend te beheer. Die openbare sektor is blootgestel aan skrutinering en bestuur sal nou toegerus wees met 'n beheerraamwerk om die IT omgewing meer effektief te bestuur.

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Atuahene, Richmond Akwasi. "Corporate governance and financial performance : evidence from the Ghanian banking sector." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15020.

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Due to widespread bank scandals and failures around the world, there has been renewed interest in the effect of corporate governance on bank performance. The majority of research concerning corporate governance and its effect on bank performance has been undertaken in developed countries and markets, particularly the USA and European Union but relatively little evidence is provided in Sub Saharan Africa, specifically, Ghana. This study investigates the effects of corporate governance on financial performance of Ghanaian universal banking companies during the period 2006- 2014. This study primarily employs relevant governance theories to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and bank performance. Multiple regression panel data analysis and other appropriate methods are the main tools of analysis in this study. The empirical investigation revealed a mixed set of results. The findings showed that board size, board composition, bank size and foreign ownership are positively but insignificantly related to profitability in terms of return on asset and return on equity, while board committees have a positive and statistically significant impact on financial performance which is consistent with the monitoring hypothesis of agency theory which argues that board committees are an important mechanism of corporate governance in Ghana which impact on bank performance. This study contributes to the increasing number of research studies on the link between bank performance and corporate governance. The lacked of clarity, mixed and permanent relationships provided, show that the association the association between bank performance and different corporate governance mechanisms is complex and dynamic optimal governance arrangements may differ from bank to bank in relation to governance characteristics.

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Atuahene, Richmond A. "Corporate governance and financial performance: Evidence from the Ghanian banking sector." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15020.

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Due to widespread bank scandals and failures around the world, there has been renewed interest in the effect of corporate governance on bank performance. The majority of research concerning corporate governance and its effect on bank performance has been undertaken in developed countries and markets, particularly the USA and European Union but relatively little evidence is provided in Sub Saharan Africa, specifically, Ghana. This study investigates the effects of corporate governance on financial performance of Ghanaian universal banking companies during the period 2006- 2014. This study primarily employs relevant governance theories to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and bank performance. Multiple regression panel data analysis and other appropriate methods are the main tools of analysis in this study. The empirical investigation revealed a mixed set of results. The findings showed that board size, board composition, bank size and foreign ownership are positively but insignificantly related to profitability in terms of return on asset and return on equity, while board committees have a positive and statistically significant impact on financial performance which is consistent with the monitoring hypothesis of agency theory which argues that board committees are an important mechanism of corporate governance in Ghana which impact on bank performance. This study contributes to the increasing number of research studies on the link between bank performance and corporate governance. The lacked of clarity, mixed and permanent relationships provided, show that the association the association between bank performance and different corporate governance mechanisms is complex and dynamic optimal governance arrangements may differ from bank to bank in relation to governance characteristics.

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Mova, Al'Afghani Mohamad. "The role of legal frameworks in enabling transparency in water utilities' regulation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e7d76ec4-3479-4d12-8fce-9a9f01ca442b.

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This thesis evaluates transparency in the context of water utilities’ regulation by comparing legal frameworks in three jurisdictions: Victoria (Australia), England (United Kingdom) and Jakarta (Indonesia). Each of these jurisdictions is selected because of their particular ownership and regulatory model. The thesis analyses whether specific ownership or regulatory models will have implications for transparency. The terms “transparency” and “water utilities’ regulation” are first defined and form the thesis’ analytical framework. This is then applied against the three jurisdictions compared. By evaluating each of the three jurisdictions, the thesis expects to provide explanation on how transparency is enabled or inhibited by the legal frameworks. The thesis recommends a solution by comparing the three jurisdictions and generating “lessons learned”.

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Wang, Yong. "Institutional Investors and Corporate Governance." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/68464.

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Business Administration
Ph.D.
The role of Institutional investors in alleviating the agent problem of management and its valuation effect has been studied extensively in corporate finance. We complement this stream of research by exploring management's control over institutional investors with misaligned objectives, particularly public pension fund, and the consequential valuation effect. We investigate the politic motive of public pension fund's shareholder activism and its impact on the target firms' operational performance, address the control of a strong management on public pension funds' self-serving agenda, and finally we compare the ownership adjustment pattern of public pension funds to other institutional investors to conclude public pension funds' ownership adjustment reflects their private pursuit. The first chapter explores the politic facet and performance effect of shareholder activism sponsored by public pension fund. In this study, we show that having a public pension fund as the leading sponsor of a shareholder proposal significantly improves the proposal's likelihood of being accepted by the target firm. The increased acceptance rate sources from the subset of proposals addressing a social responsibility issue, and targeting firms with weak insider control. An investigation of the public pension board reveals that the board's political profile is the primary determinant of public pension fund's propensity to lead a proposal, and the target firm's acceptance rate. We also assess the performance impact of shareholder proposals. For target firms with strong insider control, the performance impact of accepted social responsibility proposals is significantly positive; that of governance proposals is negligible. For target firms with weak insider control, the performance impact associated with public pension funds is either negative or negligible. These results suggest that the motive driving public pension funds' dominant presence in shareholder activism is not market based, but laden with purpose other than value creation. In the second chapter, we postulate that the widely documented negative valuation effect of ownership by public pension will be weak on firms with extra managerial control mechanism and/or whose managerial ownership of cash flow is high. For firms with high level managerial ownership of cash flow, management bears higher cost for a concession made with public pension fund's misaligned objective. An efficient market will expect this effect and value the managerial control over public pension fund to the extent that the management's benefit is aligned with outside shareholders. Consequently, the cross section valuation difference of firms held by public pension funds can be explained by the managerial ownership of cash flow, managerial control derived from extra mechanism such as dual class share, however, has no explanative power. The last chapter investigates the link between private benefits and institutional holding change. We assume the cross section equilibrium of block holding will break when market sentiment is high. Consequently, block holder tends to shed more shares loaded with less private benefits by taking advantage of opportunities available in a high sentiment market. The empirical results support this conjecture. When the market sentiment is high, Institutional block holders tend to shed more private benefits meager dual-class share than private benefits affluent non-dual class share. This pattern does not exist when the market sentiment is low. Most importantly, public pension fund is identified as the major driver of this effect.
Temple University--Theses

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Chua, Franceen T. "A Global Perspective on Corporate Governance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/785.

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As globalization increases at a fast pace, more and more companies are diversifying their presence in foreign capital markets to gain access to capital. Today, strong corporate governance is an important element to a company’s long-term success. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Cadbury Report and King Report from the US, UK and South Africa provide recommendations for good corporate governance. Corporate governance practices and guidelines vary greatly from country to country because of differences in economic, culture, and other factors. This study examines ten companies across different regions around the world analyzing each company’s board structure, committee structure and code of ethics. Results show that the prevalence of concentrated ownerships through family and group dynamics in Asian and Latin American companies convey the need for more independent directors in the board and committees to protect the interests of minority shareholders. European companies are leading the way in incorporating sustainability as part of corporate governance. As the world becomes more interdependent, successful corporate governance requires companies to adopt an inclusive approach to economic, social and environmental issues. Internalizing these issues as part of business strategy are essential for companies to be profitable, sustainable and respected in the future.

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ALMEIDA, FLAVIA GRIBEL DE. "CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL: CREATING VALUE THROUGH CORPORATE MANAGEMENT - A CASE STUDY IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1896@1.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar até que ponto as boas práticas de governança corporativa estão sendo adotadas pelas empresas brasileiras, em especial as do setor de telecomunicações, bem como quais são as percepções dos gestores destas empresas com relação ao uso de boas práticas de governança corporativa como ferramenta de criação de valor para os acionistas. O estudo inclui pesquisa de campo, com dados coletados por meio de desenvolvimento e levantamento de questionários junto aos sujeitos da pesquisa. Dos questionários enviados, foram respondidos o equivalente a 33% do total da amostra, representando 85% das empresas do setor de telecomunicações com ações negociadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. Os dados coletados foram trabalhados de forma essencialmente qualitativa, sendo apresentados de forma estruturada e analítica. Os resultados encontrados fundamentam a aplicabilidade e a relevância de boas práticas de governança corporativa no setor de telecomunicações brasileiro.
The aim of this study is to investigate to what extent the best practices of corporate governance are being adopted by Brazilian companies, especially in the telecommunications sector. The perceptions of the managers of these companies are studied as well, in relation to the use of best practices of corporate governance as a tool to create value to shareholders. The study includes field research, collecting data with specially developed questionnaires. Of the questionnaires sent, 33% were answered. They represent 85% of the companies of the telecommunications sector with shares traded on the Brazilian Stock Exchange. The data were qualitatively analyzed and are presented in an analytic and structured form. The results justify the application and relevance of the best practices of corporate governance in the Brazilian telecommunication sector.
EL presente trabajo tiene por objetivo investigar hasta que punto las buenas prácticas corporativas de gobierno están siendo adotadas por las empresas brasileras, en especial las del sector de telecomunicaciones, y cuales son las percepciones de los gestores de estas empresas en relación al uso de buenas prácticas corporativas de gobierno como herramienta de creación de valor para los accionistas. El estudio incluye uma investigación de campo, con datos recolectados por medio de cuestionarios. De los cuestionarios enviados, fueron respondidos el equivalente a 33% del total de la muestra, que representaba el 85% de las empresas del sector de telecomunicaciones con acciones negociadas en la Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. Los resultados encontrados fundamentan la aplicabilidad y la relevancia de las buenas prácticas corporativas de gobierno en el sector de telecomunicaciones brasilero.

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Tran, Bao Toan. "Analysis of the Vietnamese Banking Sector with special reference to Corporate Governance." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3412.

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Visintin, Francesca. "Corporate governance and product innovation in the machine-tool sector in Italy." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11116.

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In this thesis we study the influence of corporate governance on product innovation in the machine-tool sector in Italy. The theoretical framework employed in the analysis is part of the Systems of Innovation literature. It can be defined as a "national-technological system of innovation" type of approach as it distinguishes between countries with different systems of corporate governance and between sectors that employ different technologies. The main hypothesis is that variations in national systems of corporate governance can help to explain national patterns of sectoral specialisation. The thesis focuses on the Italian National System of Innovation from the point of view of its corporate governance. The main characteristics of the system are analysed in the first part of the thesis where it is also shown how they can help to explain the Italian industrial specialisation. The study proceeds with an application of the theoretical framework to the analysis of the machine-tool sector, its technology and its historical evolution. A particular focus is put on the decline of the US in the sector during the 1970s and 1980s and the corresponding upsurge of Japan. The final part of the thesis studies the Italian System of Innovation in the machine-tool sector. It highlights that firms are not the only actors in the System and that other stakeholders, such as customers and suppliers, play an important part in the innovation process. It shows also that the system presents some weaknesses, consisting mainly of the lack of financial resources, that need to be resolved. Our final argument, supported by an econometric analysis, is that one of the solutions suggested by the machine-tool builders association, namely a wave of mergers and acquisitions, is not necessarily the best answer. A stronger coordination and cooperation among competing and non-competing firms appears to be the most incisive solution from the point of view of innovation for this sector.

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Rugangira, Paul Kato. "Corporate governance, financial distress, and risk-taking in the USA banking sector." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7526/.

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This thesis investigates the role of corporate governance in US bank holding companies between 1998 to 2007. In the course of the thesis, four main contributions to extant literature are brought to the fore. First, the research facilitates a better understanding of the link between corporate governance and risk-taking. This is the main focus of the thesis and so this strand permeates the entire text. Second, it constructs a distance-to-default indicator, which is used to predict and compare financial conditions in banks that issued subordinated debt with those that did not. Third, it considers the impact of managerial incentives on bank risk-taking through board structure. Finally, the results provide a platform from which to view the various policy implications raised by the thesis. In analysing the extent to which distance to default is explained by bank risk fundamentals, it is shown that distance to default is predicted marginally better in sub-debt banks relative to non-sub-debt banks. For banks that issue sub-debts, again, it is found that charter values and bank capitalisation further increase the power of bank fundamentals to predict default risk. Turning to bank risk-related variables, capital to assets and non-performing loan ratios negatively and positively affect managerial ownership, respectively. This evidence is new. The percentage of independent directors is positively related to capital to asset and liquid asset ratios, and negatively related to the non-performing loans ratio. Capital to assets and non-performing loan ratios have an observed positive and negative correlation with the percentage of institutional ownership. Also, excessive risk-taking is evident in ex-ante and ex-post Sarbanes and Regulation and linked to board size. With respect to managerial incentives, equity- and cash-based compensation is positively related to bank risk. Finally, while leverage varies directly with stock options, it is inversely associated with cash compensation.

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Elbahar, Ehab. "Corporate governance, risk management, and bank performance in the GCC banking sector." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6556.

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The current study aims to contribute to Corporate Governance CG and Risk Management RM literature by providing empirical evidence of the relationship between the three construct: CG, RM and Bank Performance BP within the GCC banking sector. Furthermore, the Islamic data and conventional data have been separated to investigate the association between CG, RM and BP. To do so, 90 active banks (30 Islamic – 60 conventional) banks have been selected as a sample for ten years period from (2003 – 2012), and subsequently used the regression analysis (Ordinary Least Square OLS) for the four selected models as follows; Regarding the empirical results of Model (1) which investigate the relationship between CG’s variables and BP measured by ROE and ROA for all banks’ data; Islamic data and conventional data, the result indicate that the board size, gender diversity, role duality and audit committee are insignificantly associated with bank performance measured by ROE in all types of banks. In addition, in Islamic banks the Non-Executive Board Member NEBM and credit and investment committee are negatively and significantly associated with ROE, however, this association is insignificant in conventional banks. The capital ratio is positively and significantly associated with ROA in all types of banks. Furthermore, the gender diversity is insignificantly associated with bank performance measured by ROA in both Islamic and conventional banks. Interestingly, bank size is significant and positive with bank performance measured by both of ROE and ROA in all types of banks. Model (2) investigates the relationship between RM’s variables and BP measured by ROE and ROA for all banks’ data; Islamic data and conventional data. The results indicate that capital risk and liquidity risk are insignificant with BP measured by ROE in all types of banks. The association between non-performing loan and credit risk with ROE are insignificant in Islamic banks, however, this association is significant and negative in conventional banks. Interestingly, the capital adequacy ratio is positively and significantly associated with ROE and ROA in all types of banks. Furthermore, as per Model (3) which investigate the relationship between both of CG and RM’s variables and BP measured by ROE and ROA for all banks’ data; Islamic data and conventional data, it can be concluded that the NEBM is significantly and negatively associated with BP measured by ROE and ROA in all types of banks. In this model, it was noted that some variables are insignificantly associated with bank performance in both Islamic and conventional banks, those variables are gender diversity, role duality, Loan to Deposit Ratio LDR, NPL, credit risk, capital risk and liquidity risk. In Model (4) which investigate the relationship between CG and RM measured by NPL for all banks’ data; Islamic data and conventional data. It can be concluded that NEBM and CEO-turnover are insignificant with NPL in all types of banks. Furthermore, board size, Role duality, LDR and Risk committee are negatively and significantly associated with NPL in conventional banks, however, they are insignificant in Islamic banks. The gender diversity in all types of banks is negative and significantly associated with NPL. In addition to the above, the current study provides evidence that the determinants of bank performance in the GCC banking sector vary among the different independent variables. No single variable could explain the bank performance, this conclusion highlights that there is a need for additional analysis of the three constructs in different periods.

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Scagliusi, Cosimo. "Three essays on the political economy of public sector governance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3331.

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This Ph.D thesis is made up of six chapters: together with Introduction and Concluding Remarks, there are one extensive literature review and three main essays. The theme of this thesis is "The Political Economy of Public Sector Governance" and I explore it by analysing the two main actors in the interaction between citizens and politicians: Mass Media and Bureaucracy. The World Bank in several publications since early 2000 has brought to the attention of politicians, public servants, social scientists and, as far as an institution like the World Bank can do, the general public that what really is important and does make a difference in the economic growth and social development of nations are not policies but (political and social) institutional quality. In order to make institutions work well, so they are able to promote the greatest welfare for all the citizens, it is necessary to have good governance. One of the ingredients of an optimal governance arrangement is the possibility for the citizens to make their government accountable for what it does (not) and responsive to their needs. Therefore, in order to have good political institutions citizens have, on one hand, to control their government and, on the other hand, to voice their needs, preferences and ideas, also when the ballot box is not ready at hand. Mass Media has at least these two functions in the relationship between the citizens and the (incumbent) politicians. In the first essay I analyse citizens' voting decisions and collusion between media and politicians and how this phenomenon affects the behaviour of citizens towards disciplining and selecting the incumbent politician, when citizens have at their hands two sources of information about the quality of the incumbents and their performance: the quantity of a good publicly supplied by the government and a signal coming from the mass media on politician honesty. The setting comprises a two period game, where voters, in the first period, have to decide, observing the information available through media and good publicly produced, whether to vote off or reelect the incumbent politician to the second period electorate mandate. By employing both two signals, citizens manage to sort out honest politicians from dishonest ones more often than if they were relying on media information only. Moreover the existence of both signals makes collusion harder to achieve than in the case of one signal only. Furthermore, the welfare analysis reveals that, contrary to previous findings, the presence of media is not always welfare improving. The usefulness of media for citizens depends critically on the time discount factor between the two periods: when the time discount factor is larger than a certain threshold, it is optimal for the citizens to receive information from media; when the time discount factor is lower than the threshold, their optimal decision is not to get any information. Finally, I argue that when rules at the constitutional level are not possible and citizens cannot commit to have less information, then collusion between media and politician can be welfare improving for citizens, contrary to previous results in the literature. In the second essay I investigate the role of Mass Media as a bottom-up way of communicating dispersed information from citizens to incumbent. Citizens transmit useful information thanks to the newspapers they buy and read. However, these newspapers are produced by a third party (a Media Tycoon) that has his own incentives. In particular the Media Tycoon has to decide whether to produce a newspaper that allows the citizens to participate in the public debate (Broadsheet) or does not (Tabloid). Given the fact that this instrument can be bought but not directly produced by the citizens, there exists a tension between the benefit of using a newspaper to express citizens'views and the possibility that this newspaper can be actually produced. Results show that producing a Broadsheet always improves the quality of policy decision making on part of the incumbent. A notable result is that in order to enhance the quality of the public decision making it is better to have any Broadsheet than not having one, whatever is the public stance the newspaper takes about the issue at stake. In this essay I first assume that there is only one group of citizens which is interested in having the optimal policy adopted, i.e. the Middle Class and I assume the Middle Class citizens are the only one who read newspapers. Subsequently I analyse how the results change when citizens from the other classes read newspapers as well. I show how the "partisan readers", committed to buy the Broadsheet supporting the policy they prefer, can ease the production of the Broadsheet. In this case the existence of partisanship and of ideological readers make the implementation of optimal policy easier, not harder, contrary to conventional wisdom. In the work of the World Bank, and in all the scientific production about how to establish and foster the development of good governance, corruption is one of the main diseases that can affect the correct relationship between citizens and public officials. So it is important to study how good institutional quality can fight corruption in several different fields of the political and economic environment. The third essay evaluates the effect of corruption on the regulation of business entry. A theoretical agency model of bribes is introduced, with strategic interaction between the firm, the corruptible public sector employee and the government. This model allows the evaluation of reforms targeting business startup procedures with regards to the incentives of the various actors involved in this process. Findings show that corruption in equilibrium between entrant firms and public servants could be self-sustained in the absence of government intervention. When deriving the equilibrium outcomes of some reforms like performance wages, privatisation and full liberalisation of entry, results show that transaction costs related to bribes are central in determining the optimal reform strategy. Although liberalisation is the preferred reform option for firms, government fiscal revenues and overall social welfare, firms surprisingly would prefer performance wages implemented in public registry service rather than the privatisation of this service. This holds despite the additional tax burden on firms necessary to finance higher civil servants'wages.

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Kelly, Kevin. "Corporate social responsibility for the knowledge intensive services sector." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/317216/.

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The following research examines current approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the knowledge intensive services sector of industry. The primary aim of this research is the development of a conceptual framework that informs the development and continuous review of the CSR process for businesses that operate in these sectors. It is anticipated that the framework can also play a role in facilitating compliance with section 172 of the Companies Act in the United Kingdom. To enhance the prospect of achieving the primary research aim the following supplementary objectives were also identified: 1) To critically evaluate current approaches to CSR in the knowledge intensive services sector. 2) To determine the appetite and expectation for stakeholder focused governance in the knowledge intensive services sector. 3) To evaluate responses to constraining and enabling characteristics of CSR in the knowledge intensive services sector. 4) To explore the potential role and implications of a CSR guidance framework for the knowledge intensive services sector. This research utilises a multiple case study approach with a focus on three case study subjects, each of whom are market leaders in their respective (knowledge intensive services) sectors of industry and each of whom have demonstrated significant investment and success in their approaches to CSR to date. Qualitative methodology was employed to collect the primary data whilst quantitative methods were employed for the collection of supplementary data for the purposes of triangulation. Using grounded theory methodology, the qualitative data was analysed and the findings conceptualised and coded. This resulted in four key categories being identified and linked to a core category and forms the basis of the ultimate framework. Grounded theory analysis also accounts for the compilation of the supplementary propositions which accompany the framework. This research evidences an acceptance of the need for a more stakeholder focused approach to corporate governance in the knowledge intensive services sector and the resultant framework provides a pathway through which this can be achieved.

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Mui, Tat-ming, and 梅達明. "The corporate governance of NGOs in social welfare sector in Hong Kongafter 2000." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38637054.

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Al-Farsi, Khalifa Ali Said. "Information Technology Governance in the public sector : to investigate, examine and analyse the institutional and indvidual dimensions that impact decision making in the public sector for the adoption of IT governance." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15312.

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Information Technology Governance (ITG) is one of the most innovative practices through its provision of support for decision-makers in organisations. Interestingly, it has increasingly become a de facto strategy for organisations that are seeking to optimise their performance. ITG has emerged to support agencies in the integration of information technology (IT) infrastructures and the delivery of high-quality services. On the other hand, decision-making processes in public sector organisations can be multi-faceted and complex, and decision-makers play a major role in the adoption of innovation and technology in the government agencies. While formally adopting IT governance (ITG) has numerous reported benefits, many studies have shown that few organisations have adopted the ITG practice, particularly in the government sector. Therefore, this study attempts to identify and understand the dimensions that hinder ITG adoption and its successful use. The main objective of this research is to investigate and develop a theoretical model of the obstacles preventing formal ITG adoption, from both institutional and individual perspectives. Based on empirical evidence gathered via semi-structured interviews (n=32) with IT directors in government organisations as a qualitative inquiry, this study attempts to investigate institutional and individual dimensions that impact decision making for the adoption of ITG in the context of the public sector in development countries such as Oman. Furthermore, this study focuses on combining institutional and individual perspectives to explain how individuals can make decisions in response to institutional impacts via the integration of theories such as Institutional Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). It also explores the key dimensions that influence decision-making in the public sector concerning the adoption of ITG. The findings of this study illustrate and analyse the institutional and individual dimensions that impact on decisions for the adoption of ITG and contribute to the body of knowledge by highlighting the dimensions impacting decision-making for adopting ITG in public sector organisations. In doing so, this study contributes to better understand the applicability of integrating both TPB and IS theories to explore and develop a model of ITG adoption in the public sector organization and advances the scholarship by developing a more holistic model. This adoption has benefits such as reaching organisations' strategic goals, improving performance and conferring other competitive advantages. As a final point, this study advises accelerating the adoption of ITG to increase the efficiency, productivity and transparency of government work as well as to make available integrated smart electronic services. Further studies on the adoption of ITG in the public sector in different contexts, or comparative research, may help to develop a deep understanding of the value of ITG innovation in government organisations to enable evaluation of its significance in enhancing e-government.

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Abdul, Wahab Nor Shaipah. "Tax planning and corporate governance : effects on shareholders' valuation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/162801/.

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Tax planning by large companies has been widely and publicly discussed due to its implications for the level of provision of public goods and more general social issues. In the U.K., tax avoidance, as estimated by Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs’ anti-avoidance group, leads to several billion pounds of lost revenue each year. Consequently, the authorities implement tax investigation through risk classification assessments. The prospect of an adverse assessment may influence company directors when making tax planning decisions and similar risk concerns may influence shareholders in valuing tax planning activities. This study reports the results of an investigation of the relationship between firm value and tax planning whilst simultaneously considering corporate governance as a moderating influence. The sample of firms examined consists of non-financial London Stock Exchange-listed companies from 2005 to 2007. The results indicate a negative relationship between firm value and tax planning activities which is unconditional upon corporate governance conditions for both persistent and non-persistent profit-making companies. This relationship can be further explained as being related to the permanent differences component of tax saving where firm value is reported as negatively related to permanent differences. The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge since there is a general dearth of published research study from outside the U.S. that investigates these relationships.

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Khaitan, Shrivats. "Hostile Takeovers and Corporate Governance in India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/742.

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The ability of outsiders to gain controlling interest in a firm has a large impact on managerial behavior. This threat has not been wielded in Indian corporations for the most part in spite of there being no direct regulatory hurdles in the execution of the same. This paper seeks to determine the reasons behind the lack of hostile takeover bids in India, as well as analyze the effect on corporate governance. The scrutiny of the Indian corporate sphere leads us to believe that corporate governance is in the process of being codified, but there are numerous motivations already in place to incentivize good managerial behavior, other than the threat of hostile takeover bids.

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Perlzweig, Benjamin. "Progressive governance at public sector institutions and NGOs the particular benefits." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/991165683/04.

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Kedzierska, Doreen. "Governance and public sector work : a case study in further education." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24760.

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Promises by consecutive governments to ’reform the public services’ carry the implication that few changes have taken place in this sector since its inception, and that the negative image of the public sector still exercises the mind of the people as well as that of successive governments. Despite extensive reform, the transformation of the public sector appears to have produced a form of public service that satisfies no-one. One of the debates about public services has been whether provision is best achieved through a welfare state, which plans and provides services, or through the ‘market’, which is sometimes represented as a more efficient way of allocating resources and delivering services. The way this issue has been address by governments over the past 20 years or so has led to extensive changes within the public sector. Sociologically, this research is located at the intersection of a number of debates that have exercised the sociological imagination for the last decades of the 20^th century. These include the forms and exercise of power in modern society, how society should be organised, and concerns about a social world that has become increasingly individualistic. However, the issues surrounding the reform of the public services also involve concepts and theories used in, and developed by, other disciplines from economics, politics, public administration and social policy to management. The argument made in this thesis is that the reform of the public sector is closely tied to issues of governance that stem from particular power relations. Those in power have governed through the development of specific rationalities and the thesis explores the concept of freedom both as a rationality and as a practice of government. These can be seen in the adoption of neo-liberal ideologies and practices in global and local contexts that have led to the introduction of market principles and mechanisms to aspects of social life that have changed the notion of collective provision for citizens to that of meeting the needs of individuals as consumers. In the research, Further Education is used as a case study to examine particular aspects of arguments. The incorporation of Further Education colleges in Scotland in 1993 demonstrated the application of the ideas and policies of the New Right through the introduction of market principles and as a result democratic representation, control, management, and governance within FE have changed in significant ways. To ascertain the significance of the reforms and ensuing changes, the merits and demerits of markets versus hierarchy; the extent and effects of decentralisation; new forms of control and scrutiny and the way processes and changes have been interpreted by key players will be evaluated. The forms of organisation that have emerged will be examined in terms of their intended and unintended consequences and it will be argued that despite the negative perceptions of reform, Further Education has used modifications in organisation to its own advantage. Finally, it will be shown that the particular form of governance that has been established can be used by different political administrations to meet their own objectives and that although Further Education has been criticised as some as being too adaptable, this very characteristic has, thus far, ensured its survival.

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Kolbe, Peter. "Public Corporate Governance : grundsätzliche Probleme und Spannungsfelder der Überwachung öffentlicher Unternehmen." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1245/.

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Der Artikel stellt grundlegende Aspekte der Steuerung von öffentlichen Unternehmen und damit verbundenen Herausforderungen dar. Zu diesem Zweck wird der zentrale Begriff der Untersteuerung sowie die Ursachen und Folgen betrachtet. Nachfolgend wird die Entwicklung privatwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen analysiert, um daraus Schlussfolgerungen für den öffentlichen Sektor zu ziehen. Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Untersteuerung als Herausforderung kommunaler Corporate Governance 3. Public Corporate Governance 4. Eigentumsrechte als zentrales Element einer Public Corporate Governance 5. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6. Literatur

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corporate governance in the public sector'

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