Journal articles: 'Corporations – Chile'

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Vergara, Sebastián M. "The performance of transnational corporations: Evidence for the manufacturing industry in Chile." CEPAL Review 2013, no. 111 (2014): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/ca7ae8bf-en.

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Bielschowsky, Ricardo A., and Giovanni Stumpo. "Transnational corporations and structural changes in industry In Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico." CEPAL Review 1995, no. 55 (1995): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/8b6dcfa6-en.

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Rojas, Gonzalo Islas. "Does Regulation Matter? an Analysis of Corporate Charters in a Laissez-Faire Environment." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 31, no. 1 (2013): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610913000025.

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AbstractAre laws that protect minority investors a necessary condition for the development of stock markets? This paper attempts to answer this question using data on the origins of the corporate sector in Chile to construct an empirical analysis of the contractual provisions included in charters of corporations in the 19th century. Our findings indicate that, even though corporate law at the time was silent with respect to governance rules and investor protection, a significant number of corporations were created and their shares traded. The empirical analysis of the corporate charters reveals that these contracts frequently included provisions favourable to outside investors and the use of these provisions is consistent with the predictions of a simple agency model.

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González, Felipe, Mounu Prem, and Francisco Urzúa I. "The Privatization Origins of Political Corporations: Evidence from the Pinochet Regime." Journal of Economic History 80, no. 2 (2020): 417–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050719000780.

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We show that the sale of state-owned firms in dictatorships can help political corporations to emerge and persist over time. Using new data, we characterize Pinochet’s privatizations in Chile and find that some firms were sold underpriced to politically connected buyers. These newly private firms benefited financially from the Pinochet regime. Once democracy arrived, they formed connections with the new government, financed political campaigns, and were more likely to appear in the Panama Papers. These findings reveal how dictatorships can influence young democracies using privatization reforms.

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O'Brien, Thomas F. "“Rich beyond the Dreams of Avarice”: The Guggenheims in Chile." Business History Review 63, no. 1 (1989): 122–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115428.

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This article focuses on the roles of business-government relations, technology, financing, entrepreneurship, and management in the evolution of multinational corporations. It describes the Guggenheims' successive involvements in Mexican silver, Chilean copper, and Chilean nitrates and stresses the brothers' strategic use of technical innovation and relations with host governments to accomplish these major changes in the focus of their business. The essay's findings suggest the need for a more sophisticated treatment of business-government relations and for the incorporation of entrepreneurship and organizational structure as dynamic variables in theories of the MNE. It also points to the importance of historical conjunctures that shape technology in understanding the emergence of the MNE.

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Ureta, Sebastián, Patricio Flores, and Linda Soneryd. "Victimization Devices: Exploring Challenges Facing Litigation-Based Transnational Environmental Justice." Social & Legal Studies 29, no. 2 (2019): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663919841121.

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With the emergence of global mechanism for toxic harm accountability, a transnational environmental justice regime is slowly rising. One of the ways in which its taking form is through transnational litigation schemes where corporations are being locally sued by the alleged victims of their overseas misbehaviours. Using a science and technology studies approach, this article deals with one of the most central components of those schemes: victimization devices. Such concept refers to the highly varied sociotechnical assemblages through which claims about toxic victimhood are mobilized in litigation-based schemes, usually including components such as toxicological evidence and testimonies from the affected people. In order to explore the complexities involved in transnationally mobilizing these devices, this article analyses the lawsuit presented in Sweden by inhabitants of Arica, Chile, against the local mining corporation Boliden for its alleged responsibility in dumping toxic waste near their homes in the late 1980s.

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Bucheli, Marcelo. "Multinational Corporations, Business Groups, and Economic Nationalism: Standard Oil (New Jersey), Royal Dutch-Shell, and Energy Politics in Chile 1913–2005." Enterprise & Society 11, no. 2 (2010): 350–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700009083.

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This article analyzes the long-term strategies employed by multinational oil corporations in a late industrializing country with powerful business groups when faced with economic nationalism. I study the case of Royal Dutch-Shell in Chile from 1913 to 2005, where two oil multinationals controlled 100 percent of the Chilean market until forced by the government to accept a domestic private company, COPEC, into a new three-member cartel. The multinationals accepted this arrangement reluctantly, but in the long term it proved beneficial. COPEC's involvement in Chilean business groups protected the multinationals from hostile actions by the government and gave legitimacy to the cartel. These benefits ended when Chile abandoned its import substitution industrialization strategy in the 1970s.

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Bucheli, Marcelo, and Erica Salvaj. "Reputation and Political Legitimacy: ITT in Chile, 1927–1972." Business History Review 87, no. 4 (2013): 729–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680513001116.

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The literature on multinational corporations argues that a foreign firm can legitimize its activities, improve its reputation in a host country, and reduce the risk of hostile actions by the host government (including expropriation) by approaching and incorporating influential members of the domestic elite in its business. By using the concept of obsolescing political legitimacy, we argue that this legitimating strategy can lead to a loss of reputation and eventual illegitimacy when the host country undergoes significant social and institutional changes. When these changes take place, the domestic society can perceive that the multinational benefited from a previous social and institutional order increasingly considered as illegitimate. Under these circumstances, the new order will question the legitimacy of the multinational's operations, increasing the risk of expropriation. We illustrate our hypothesis with the case of the political strategies of the International Telephone and Telegraph Company (ITT) in Chile in the twentieth century.

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Zebryte, Ieva, and Hector Jorquera. "Chilean tourism sector “B Corporations”: evidence of social entrepreneurship and innovation." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 23, no. 6 (2017): 866–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2017-0218.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the question of how social entrepreneurs achieve the desired impact-based model of business. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research design included semi-structured in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs of three Chilean Tourism B Corporations (B Corps), participant observation of the Latin American B Movement, and print, digital and social media clippings. Findings This research unearths the practices by which entrepreneurs implement their aspirations of balancing profit and social impact obligations within their business models. Research limitations/implications Though an intentional sample is not representative in quantitative terms, the employed research design allowed the authors to deepen the understanding of the processes which are taking place in Chile, Latin America, and on the Global scale. The authors concluded that social benefit commitment guides innovation in business models of Chilean entrepreneurs seeking to have a broader positive impact on vulnerable communities and the society at large. Practical implications This research shows that traditional businesses have the possibility of hybridizing management, combining the necessary organization that defines its mission with social or environmental purposes. The latter is likely to open up new markets for traditional businesses. Social implications Social entrepreneurship is the principal means for new generations of entrepreneurs to make changes in businesses and in vulnerable local communities through global aspirations. But the need for more open political discussion within the B Movement is clear, especially regarding the nexus between the “negative externalities” of the traditional economy and social or environmental problems which the B Corps intend to solve. Such debate would allow companies and the movement to more easily identify new courses of action. Originality/value This study gives account of regional nuances of social entrepreneurship and social innovation phenomena. In particular, there has been a surge of impact-oriented rather than profit-oriented innovation initiatives in neoliberal-oriented Latin American states, such as Chile. These initiatives offer us a wealth of empirical information about the development of alternative business models.

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Arenas Torres, Felipe, Roberto Campos Troncoso, and Valentín Santander Ramírez. "Adoption of corporate governance practices of the chilean market in triennium 2015 – 2017." Visión de Futuro, no. 23, No 2 (Julio - Diciembre) (July 1, 2019): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36995/j.visiondefuturo.2019.23.02.008.en.

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The present research describes the degree of adoption of corporate governance practices of 203 Chilean open anonymous corporations during the 2015-2017 triennium, in compliance with the Norm of General Character N°385. The aforementioned practices must be reported annually to the securities market regulator in Chile, called Comisión para el Mercado Financiero (Commission for the Financial Market). The data analysis, within a confidence interval of 95%, was divided into two stages. First, with a descriptive statistical analysis, and secondly, the presentation of the levels of adoption at the market level, categories and principles for the periods 2015, 2016 and 2017. In both stages, it was established that the degree of adoption is low (close to 30%), and that in the three years of study no interest to make significant improvement in the adoption of corporate governance practices has been evidenced by the corporations.

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Maher, Rajiv, Francisco Valenzuela, and Steffen Böhm. "The Enduring State: An analysis of governance-making in three mining conflicts." Organization Studies 40, no. 8 (2019): 1169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840619847724.

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This article investigates the profound ambiguity of the state in the organization of contemporary business–society relations. On the one hand, there has been a decisive shift from government to governance, encouraging private actors, such as corporations, communities and NGOs, to address social and environmental concerns themselves, i.e. without the state’s involvement. On the other hand, however, the continued importance and relevance of the organized state is difficult to ignore. In this article we examine the role of the state in three cases of mining conflicts in Chile, one of the world’s most important mining countries. Through longitudinal, qualitative research of conflictive mining governance relations between state organizations, large corporations and local communities, we show that the modes of influence conducted by the Chilean state oscillate between direct, central steering (‘cathedral’) and indirect, dispersed vouching (‘bazaar’). Elaborating on Foucault’s concept of governmentality, we offer a hybrid theory of state organization, where the dematerialization of the state’s responsibility is seen not as the norm but rather as a particular mode of governance that sits alongside the underestimated, yet enduring, material involvement of the state.

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Maher, Rajiv, David Monciardini, and Steffen Böhm. "Torn between Legal Claiming and Privatized Remedy: Rights Mobilization against Gold Mining in Chile." Business Ethics Quarterly 31, no. 1 (2020): 37–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2019.49.

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ABSTRACTMany academic authors, policy makers, NGOs, and corporations have focused on top-down human rights global norm-making, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). What is often missing are contextual and substantive analyses that interrogate rights mobilization and linkages between voluntary transnational rules and domestic governance. Deploying a socio-legal approach and using a combination of longitudinal field and archival data, this article investigates how a local, indigenous community in Northern Chile mobilized their rights over a period of almost two decades. We found that rights mobilization was largely shaped by tensions between the different logics of legality and the business organization. In our case, the UNGP implementation process has been ineffective in giving rightsholders access to genuine remedy. On the contrary, it has led to weakened rights mobilization, dividing the local community. We conclude that greater attention to rights mobilization and domestic governance dynamics should be given in the business and human rights debate.

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Dolan, Catherine, and Dinah Rajak. "Introduction." Focaal 2011, no. 60 (2011): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2011.600101.

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As the global community confronts increasing economic, social, and environmental challenges, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) movement has demonstrated a powerful capacity to offer itself up as a solution, circulating new ethical regimes of accountability and sustainability in business. This article introduces five contributions that explore ethnographically the meanings, practices, and impact of corporate social and environmental responsibility across a range of transnational corporations and geographical locations (India, South Africa, the UK, Chile, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). In each of these contexts corporations are performing ethics in different ways and to different ends, from the mundane to the ritualistic and from the discursive to the material, drawing a range of actors, interests, and agendas into the moral fold of CSR. Yet across these diverse sites a set of common tensions in the practice and discourse of CSR emerge, as the supposedly “win-win” marriage between the social and the technical, the market and morality, and the natural and the cultural becomes routinized in global management practice. By tracing the connections and conflicts between the local micropolitics of corporate engagement and the global movements of CSR, the collection reveals the ambiguous and shifting nature of CSR and the ways in which social and environmental relations are transformed through the regime of ethical capitalism.

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Salas, Millaray. "The codes of ethics of Chilean corporations: An investigation of the functions they serve." Text & Talk 38, no. 5 (2018): 605–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2018-0016.

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Abstract In the last seven years, several corporate scandals have shaken public confidence in Chilean corporations. Considering this scenario and the fact that business ethics is an under-researched area in Chile, this study set out to examine one corporate genre, namely, codes of ethics. The codes of ethics from eight Chilean companies were analyzed. This sample offers both typicality and systematic variety as the eight texts have been produced by large-sized companies, five of which have been involved in media scandals. Each sentence was analyzed in order to determine what function it serves. The functions that exhibit the highest occurrence frequency in the corpus are educational (35.8% of sentences) and regulatory (33.9%). The other functions which emerge from the data are self-promotional (8.8%), inspirational (8.5%), commissive (7.8%), and aspirational (4.9%). The predominance of educational and regulatory functions evidences a deontological, compliance-based approach, while the striking salience of the self-promotional function, which ranks third, suggests the strong sense of pride which, according to some Chilean scholars, characterizes the Chilean entrepreneurial class. A critical analysis of the quantitative results and the language used in these documents points to some rhetorical flaws, which may render these texts ineffective.

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Muñoz, Estevan Felipe Pizarro, Paulo André Niederle, Bernardo Corrado de Gennaro, and Luigi Roselli. "Agri-Food Markets towards Agroecology: Tensions and Compromises Faced by Small-Scale Farmers in Brazil and Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063096.

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One of the main dilemmas faced by small-scale farmers’ movements advocating for agroecology in Latin America lies in the trade-offs between the economic opportunities arising from the organic food market expansion, and the political principles at the core of their action. To provide insights on this issue, a survey was performed in Brazil and Chile. Between March 2016 and December 2018, data were collected through direct and participant observation, documentary analysis, and interviews conducted to peasant organizations’ leaders, technicians and policymakers. In Brazil, the research focused on the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (The Landless Movement); while in Chile, due to the absence of such a national social movement, it considered a wider set of actors, including the Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario (National Institute for Agricultural Development). The results show how social movements are navigating between the mainstreaming pressures of the conventional markets, dominated by the leading agri-food corporations, and the political efforts they have been doing to build civic food markets as alternatives to conventionalization patterns. Finally, we argue that social scientists should better explain the tensions and compromises the social movements go through in order to coordinate different and complementary marketing strategies.

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Makin, Guillermo A. "Britain and the Dictatorships of Argentina and Chile, 1973‐1982: Foreign Policy, Corporations and Social Movements ‐ by Livingstone, Grace." Bulletin of Latin American Research 38, no. 5 (2019): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/blar.13054.

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Mahenthiran, Sakthi, David Cademartori, and Tom Gjerde. "Mandatory Dividend Policy, Growth, Liquidity and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Chile." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, no. 03 (2020): 2050025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500253.

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Chilean publicly listed companies are required by law to pay out a minimum 30% of distributable earnings after taxes as dividends on common stock. The study extends Lintner’s [Lintner, J (1956). Distribution of incomes of corporations among dividend retained earnings and taxes. American Economic Review, 46, 97–113.] model of dividend smoothing and Banerjee [Banerjee, S, VA Gatchev and PA Spindt (2007). Stock market liquidity and firm dividend policy. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 42(2), 369–398.] logistic model of the likelihood of a firm paying a dividend to investigate the signaling, liquidity, corporate governance, and information risk-based theories of dividends. The results show that Chilean firms’ excess dividends are smoothed in relation to the prior period level of excess dividends, and lagged earnings do not drive excess dividends even though the mandatory minimum dividend is defined in terms of lagged earnings. This insight establishes that dividend decisions regarding the size of the excess dividend and the likelihood of paying an excess dividend are distinct from the mandatory dividend payment. Additionally, the size of excess dividends and their likelihood are higher at firms with higher growth opportunities, a result consistent with the use of excess dividends as a signaling device. Results also demonstrate that greater transparency is associated with a greater likelihood of paying an excess dividend, but transparency does not drive policy regarding the size of the excess dividend. Moreover, the corporate governance mechanism creditor monitoring influences the size of excess dividends but not the likelihood of paying excess dividends. These results have implications for securities regulators evaluating the pros and cons of a mandatory dividend policy to protect minority shareholders in emerging markets.

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Bucheli, M. "Multinational Corporations, Business Groups, and Economic Nationalism: Standard Oil (New Jersey), Royal Dutch-Shell, and Energy Politics in Chile 1913-2005." Enterprise and Society 11, no. 2 (2010): 350–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khp109.

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Cotroneo, Marcela Mandiola, and Paula Ascorra Costa. "Chilean management education: rhetoric of pragmatism, consumerism, individualism and elitism." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 8, no. 2 (2010): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-39512010000200012.

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The aim of this paper is to understand the character and the role of higher education in business in relation to the wider institutional and structural contexts within which they function. Being loyal to that widespread background, business schools in Chile have become efficient providers of appropriate goods and services for their respective clients and consumers, behaving more like corporations and businesses rather than educational institutions. From this perspective, business education's alignment with the wider political and socio-economic shifts associated with the developments of market economies and economic globalization is a necessary reflection. In this paper we will provide an account of our problematization of management education practices in Chile. This practice was pictured as one of the main characters at the forefront of the Chilean neo-liberal revolution during the final years of the last century. In particular, we will unravel more closely the chain of signifiers articulating the meaning of Chilean higher business education. This articulation is recuperated mainly around how those involved in the management education practice talk about (our)themselves. As well as specialised press writings, some academic accounts and fragments from our own 'ethnographic' involvement are used for this purpose. Particular attention is paid to the social, political and fantasmatic logics (GLYNOS; HOWARTH, 2007) as key elements of our own explanation of this practice, which in turn informs our critical standpoint.

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Saimima, Ika Dewi Sartika, Fransiska Novita Eleanora, and Widya Romasindah. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI PENYEDIA KONTEN PORNOGRAFI ANAK (Studi Kasus Official Loly Candy’s Group)." Perspektif Hukum 19, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/phj.v19i1.188.

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The rise of child crime is increasing, even using networks on social media (Facebook), the culprit is not only personal, but also the corporation, in handling it using Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE), by looking at forms of criminal liability corporation in child pornography content providers. the purpose of the study is to find out the criminal liability of the corporation providing the content of child pornography, and to know the obstacles in the prevention of child sexual crime (social media) through internet media. The results obtained were more emphasizing and directing the accountability of corporations providing child pornography content (official loly candy; s group case studies), and the penalties given to perpetrators could provide: deterrent effects and were given punishments in the form of actions and rehabilitation to perpetrators, and the law Indonesia in tackling child crime on social media

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Lorenzo, M. F. "Kythe Flying: A Strategy for Donor Retention." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 189s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.44400.

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Amount raised: $21,765.00 (2016 to 2018/$1:Php51.00). Background and context: Kythe Foundation Inc. is an NGO which supports the Child Life Program for children with cancer in eight partner-hospitals. Aside from acquiring grants, the foundation needs to raise unrestricted funds to support operation costs. It is a challenge to recruit donors, but what is more challenging, is how to retain these donors. Aim: Kythe Flying was conceptualized in 2016 to retain corporations who have engaged Kythe in previous years. The corporations who participate in Kythe Flying have either donated cash, or conducted corporate social responsibility activities in and out of the hospital. Strategy/Tactics: The strategy is to invite corporations to buy a big corporate kite for $295.00. Prior to flying the kites, they are given an opportunity to play outdoor games with the children, which serves as a team-building activity for the corporation as well. Program process: The Kythe team gets a list of corporations from its database. Marketing letters are sent, and upon receiving $295.00 with their company logo, the Kythe team forward the logo to the kite manufacturer. Other corporations are invited to give away their products (e.g., water bottles). On the day itself, 60 children from partner-hospitals go to Amoranto stadium, and are given lunch and snacks. After which, they are assigned to each corporation. Kythe core volunteers facilitate the games. After an hour of outdoor activity, each corporation is called, and given the go signal to fly their corporate kites, together with the children. Photos of each corporation´s activities are then posted on Kythe's social media platforms. Costs and returns: There are at least 20 corporations who join the event per year. An average cash amount of $6274 is raised annually, less $2940.00 to cover logistical costs, for a total of $3334. In-kind donations like water bottles, ice cream, toys, etc. amount to $3921. We are therefore able to raise an average of $7255 a year. What was learned: In 2016, we implemented the project in July. There was a typhoon and we almost cancelled the event. We have moved up the event to the first quarter of the year ever since. Here are some feedback from our participating donors in the 2018 Kythe Flying event: “Our synchrony volunteers who joined last Saturday are still raving about the wonderful time they had with the kids at the kite-flying event”- Christine Briones Plata, AVP Synchrony Financial. “I look forward to seeing you and the team next year, but hopefully before, for a hospital visit”- Ian Wilson Country Manager, Cormant Technology. To enjoin more corporations, Kythe in the future, will collaborate with hot air balloon festival organizers. This will entail at least one year planning due to its scale. This is challenging but quite exciting!

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Bradbury, Pablo. "Grace Livingstone, Britain and the Dictatorships of Argentina and Chile, 1973–1982: Foreign Policy, Corporations and Social Movements (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), pp. ix + 280, £79.99, hb, £22.99, pb, £17.99, E-book." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 4 (2020): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x20001030.

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Rode, Sanjay. "Financing capital expenditure through municipal bond market in Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation." Public and Municipal Finance 8, no. 1 (2019): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.08(1).2019.02.

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In India, the urban local bodies do not have decentralization in various functions. Therefore, municipal corporations find various issues in functioning and revenue generation. It has resulted into either shortfall or low quality infrastructure services to people. The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation is developed as modern municipal corporation. Municipal corporation invested financial resources in development for civic infrastructure. Therefore, population, industries, educational institutions, markets, transport and other facilities are expanding very fast. The ordinary least square regression results shows that the municipal corporation has positive co-relation with revenue receipts from LBT, property tax and town planning. The revenue expenditure is positively co-related with municipal estate, public health and hospitals, primary and secondary education. The engineering work for poor is negatively correlated with revenue expenditure. The capital receipts are positively co-related with fire brigade, auditorium, sports and cultural programs and security deposits and water supply. The capital expenditure is positively co-related to women and child welfare schemes, primary education, environment monitoring. It is negatively co-related with dumping grounds. The municipal corporation must raise funds from capital market through municipal bonds. More investment must be made in civic infrastructure. Similarly, corporation must spend more funds on poor, welfare of women and children. Municipal corporation must monitor and protect environment. It must give more priorities for processing of solid and e-waste, protect local culture, primary and secondary education, health care for all and technology in provision of civic services. It must develop human resource and create best place to live in metropolitan region.

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Mookerjee, Rajen, and Annalisa Orlandi. "Multinational Corporations and Child Labor." Global Economic Review 33, no. 4 (2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12265080408449859.

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Gomes da Silva, Jonas. "Thailand Performance and Best Management Practices that saved lives against Covid-19: a comparison against ten critical countries." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 11 (2020): 119–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss11.2725.

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After 265 days, since the first reported case of Covid-19, the world has reported the lost of almost one million (969.018) precious lives (WORLDOMETERS, 2020). The pandemic is a challenge for all countries, most of them eager to learn from nations that are successful against the virus. In addition, an international survey, published on April/20, by Silva (2020, p. 600), concluded that although no country is prepared to face epidemics and pandemics (NTI, JHU, and EIU, 2019), among the 16 countries investigated, Thailand, Finland, Australia, South Korea, Denmark, and Sweden are cases that Brazil could study so as not to repeat the scenarios of China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Thus, this study investigates the performance and the best management practices adopted in Thailand to save lives against Covid-19, during the first 180 days facing the pandemic. The research is useful for academy, government policymakers and authorities. It is descriptive, with the application of an online questionnaire, bibliographic and documentary research, involving the study of official sites, articles, reports, manuals, and other technical documents. A new indicator was developed (Fatality Total Index), which allowed to identify that among 20 nations with the highest number of fatal cases, the ten most critical are 1st) Mexico; 2nd) Peru; 3rd) Italy; 4th) Ecuador; 5th) Iran; 6th) Chile; 7th) UK; 8th) Belgium; 9th) Colombia; and 10th) Brazil. Some conclusions are: first) Thailand`s FTI180 is the very low, indicating that this country has learned from the lessons of the past, reason by which is the best at saving lives against the Covid-19; Third) for 86 respondents living in Thailand, wear mask, not shake hands, not hug in public, wash hands, and not wearing shoes in the house, were the five most decisive cultural practices that saved lives; Fourth) For 96 respondents living in Thailand, the ten main policy measures adopted by Thailand Government that saved lives against the Covid-19 are: first) international travel control; 2nd) public event cancellations; 3rd) schools closures; 4th) restriction on internal movement; 5th) workplaces closures; 6th) public information campaigns; 7th) effective public-private collaboration; 8th) increase the medical and personal equipment capacity; 9th) support the expansion of testing system, and 10th) wage subsidies for workers; Fifth) to save lives against Covid-19, 28 innovative products or services were identified in Thailand, with majority led by Corporations, Universities, followed by Public Sector, Start Ups, and Others.

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Liwanga, Roger-Claude. "Economics of Child Mining Labor: Estimation of Corporation’s Profits." Slavery Today Journal 1, no. 2 (2014): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22150/stj/momn7156.

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This article estimates the contribution of child labor to the production of mined minerals and calculates the profit made by manufacturers involved in the supply chains of child- labor minerals. Several thousands of children in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) work in the artisanal and small-scale mines under dangerous conditions to extract a variety of minerals, including those used in the fabrication of modern electronics. But there is no detailed data on the scope of productivity of child-miners, the value of their production at the world market, and the profit made by those buying and using their minerals. The lack of data on this issue is occasioned by the quasi-secrecy surrounding the supply chains of child-labor minerals. The paper uses a simple method of estimation based on economic assumptions and available data to calculate the contribution of child-miners in the DRC to the cobalt production at the national and international level, and to estimate the profit made by electronic manufacturers that use cobalt tainted with child-labor in their products.

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Auerbach, Judith D. "Corporations and child care: Dynamics of the work-family intersection." Qualitative Sociology 11, no. 1-2 (1988): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00988695.

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Richardson, Erik. "When I Was a Child, I Thought as a Child: Corporations as Morally Equivalent to Children." Journal of Social Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2001): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0047-2786.00076.

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Atkinson, Evelyn. "Creating the Reasonable Child: Risk, Responsibility, and the Attractive Nuisance Doctrine." Law & Social Inquiry 42, no. 04 (2017): 1122–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12304.

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In common law, trespassers could not sue for injuries. In the early 1870s, however, courts exempted child trespassers injured by industrial machinery from this rule. The development of the hotly contested “attractive nuisance” doctrine illustrates turn-of-the-twentieth-century debates about how to allocate the risk of injury from industrial accidents, which linked responsibility to the capacity to understand danger and to exert self-control. Although at first courts in attractive nuisance cases perceived children as innocent, irrational “butterflies,” they gradually reconceived child plaintiffs to be rational, risk-bearing individuals, a change reflected and accelerated by the Safety First campaign launched by railroad corporations. This reframing of children's ability to bear risk created the standard of the “reasonable child,” which transferred responsibility for industrial accidents to children themselves. Although by the 1930s the attractive nuisance doctrine had been widely accepted, in practice the “reasonable child” standard posed a difficult hurdle for child plaintiffs to overcome.

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Castillo, Alejandra. "Democracia elitista, universidad y contraescrituras." Re-presentaciones. Periodismo, Comunicación y Sociedad 5, no. 15 (2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35588/rp.v1i15.5093.

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Este artículo busca describir a la universidad en Chile desde el marco de una democracia elitista y corporativa. Para ello se presentará, primero, la definición de democracia elitista. Segundo, se volverá explícita la relación entre Universidad y la idea de excelencia, palabra clave en las democracias elitistas y corporativas. Y en tercer lugar, se presentarán a las editoriales independientes como máquinas de contra escritura universitaria.

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Sandman, James J. "The Role of the Legal Services Corporation in Improving Access to Justice." Daedalus 148, no. 1 (2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00543.

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The Legal Services Corporation is the United States' largest funder of civil legal aid for low-income Americans. The LSC funds legal-aid programs that serve households with annual incomes at or below 125 percent of the federal poverty guideline. Legal-aid clients face a wide variety of civil legal problems: wrongful evictions, mortgage foreclosures, domestic violence, wage theft, child custody and child support issues, and denial of essential benefits. This vital work is badly underfunded. The shortfall between the civil legal needs of low-income Americans and the resources available to address those needs is daunting. Federal funding is necessary because support for civil legal aid varies widely from state to state. The LSC uses the “justice gap” metaphor to describe the shortfall between legal needs and legal services. Narrowing the gap is central to the LSC's mission.

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Cohen, Rona, and Marsha B. Mrtek. "The Impact of Two Corporate Lactation Programs on the Incidence and Duration of Breast-Feeding by Employed Mothers." American Journal of Health Promotion 8, no. 6 (1994): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-8.6.436.

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Purpose. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of two corporate lactation programs on breast-feeding behavior among employed women. Design. Breast-feeding behavior was measured for up to one year among women who had given birth during 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992 and compared with national norms. Setting. The study was conducted at two corporations: a utilities company with 11,000 employees of which 22% were female with approximately 100 births each year and a space corporation with 3,900 employees of which 31 % were female with approximately 30 births per year. Subjects. Participants were 187 employees returning to work following maternity leave for a medically uncomplicated birth. Intervention. Participants collected and stored breast milk using the worksite breast pump room at scheduled times during the workshift and were counseled by a lactation professional throughout the study. Measures. A questionnaire was used to establish breast-feeding behavior. Duration was reported by the lactation professional. Results. Since program inception, 75 % of the participants who returned to work while breast-feeding continued until their child was six months old. This represented 139 of the 187 mothers at the two companies. Average duration of breast-feeding overall was 8.1 months. Discussion. Participants were able to maintain a breast-feeding regimen for at least six months at rates equivalent to the statistical norms for women who are not employed outside the home. This was not an experimental study. Participants were self-selected and there was no control group. On a year-to-year basis, the numbers of participants were relatively small. Results should be corroborated in other companies using true experimental methods before generalizations are attempted.

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Donoso, Vania, and Fernando Lopez. "Escándalos Corporativos en Chile: Impacto en los precios accionarios de las empresas involucradas." Gestión y Tendencias 1, no. 2 (2016): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/gesten.v2i1.10.

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En los últimos años, un grupo de empresas chilenas han protagonizado una serie de escándalos corporativos. Este estudio cuantifica el impacto de estos eventos en los precios accionarios de cinco empresas emblemáticas. Los resultados sugieren que a cuatro semanas del evento, el caso “La Polar” produjo una caída bursátil de 68,4%; los casos “Colusión de Papel Higiénico” (CMPC) y “Cascadas” (Soquimich) produjeron caídas bursátiles de 13,8% y 16,2% respectivamente; mientras que en los casos “Caval” (Banco de Chile) y “Colusión de Pollos” (Cencosud), sus precios accionarios no cayeron de manera significativa. Se presentan hipótesis que podrían explicar estos resultados.

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Akbar, Achmad Ardiansyah. "CORPORATE LIABILITY ON THE CRIME OF PRODUCING, DISTRIBUTING, AND UTILIZING NON-STANDARD VACCINES." Hang Tuah Law Journal 1, no. 2 (2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v1i2.27.

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Immunization is a mandatory program by government for every child in Indonesia. In 2016, however, the vaccine used for children’s immunization was found under standardized or unqualified. It was mixed with particular substances which might lead the users into some allergies, minor or severe injuries, trauma, and even danger their lives. Parents certainly fully entrusted their children’s immunization to the competent. The crime of producing, distributing, and using non-standard vaccines involved many parties both individuals and corporations, ranging from the task of producing, distributing, and up to injecting the vaccines into children. With the enormous profits of the crime, however, only private parties were sued while the corporations were still free from any accusation and thus, it made them have potential chances to redo such crime, violating medical laws, consumer protection laws, Money laundering legislation, and up to brand and geographical indications.This study was a legal research with statute and conceptual approaches. It aimed to investigate the provisions of producing and distributing non-standard vaccines by corporations and to analyze their liability on such crime. The results, conclusions, suggestions, and recommendations for the problem were discussed.

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de la Vega, Orlando. "Las prácticas de "doble rol" en los gobiernos corporativos de empresas chilenas." Cuadernos de difusión 10, no. 18-19 (2005): 177–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2005.v10n18-19.06.

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This project is an exploratory investigation on the malpractices of corporate government associated with the «double role» that some shareholders assume in a private or public company (totally or partially state-owned). We will try to discover the various generic forms that these malpractices adopt, as well as explore the positive or negative perceptions that they generate on the Chilean corporate or institutional shareholders. Next, we will examine various alternatives to confront them (by reducing their occurrence or eliminating them) in order to improve the practices of corporate government in Chile.

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Kanon, Naito, and Wasimul Bari. "Analyzing Malnutrition Among Children of Urban Areas in Bangladesh: Penalized Logistic Regression Model." Dhaka University Journal of Science 68, no. 1 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v68i1.54591.

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This paper focused on the analysis of malnutrition of the children of Bangladesh urban areas in the presence of multicollinearity among the covariates. The ridge regression has been adopted under binary logistic model for analyzing malnutrition data extracted from Bangladesh Urban Health Survey 2013 (UHS 2013) dataset. The study reveals that city corporation slum area, mother’s age at birth, gender of child, birth order number, age of child, wealth index, mother’s education, access to media, toilet facility at household, taking antenatal care service, and place of delivery of index child have significant impact on the nutritional status of urban children of Bangladesh. Some recommendations have been suggested for policy makers to improve the child health of urban areas in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 68(1): 13-18, 2020 (January)

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Suárez, Andrés. "ÉTICA EMPRESARIAL Y RSE: TENDENCIAS DESDE CHILE." Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 13, no. 26 (2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v13i26.8866.

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El tema de este artículo es dar cuenta de algunas tendencias de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE), desde el caso latinoamericano y, especialmente, desde Chile. Algunas prácticas de RSE, como la publicación de reportes de sustentabilidad, podrían dar cuenta del compromiso con ella. Podría pensarse que existe una vinculación directa entre la aplicación de los estándares globales de RSE y lo que las empresas llevan a cabo, pero no siempre es así. En el mundo globalizado, organizaciones de alcance global como la OCDE, obligan a respetar normativas en el área de la RSE y los gobiernos corporativos de las empresas, como ya ocurre con México y Chile. Asimismo, la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia y El Vaticano coinciden con planteamientos de economistas como Joseph Stiglitz sobre la responsabilidad moral de las corporaciones. La RSE es de difícil comprensión porque involucra áreas de diferente origen como la ética empresarial, por un lado, y la sustentabilidad ambiental, por el otro. La RSE se enfrenta hoy a dos caminos muy diferentes. El de la obligatoriedad, con normas estrictas y taxativas, o el de la autorregulación, que se basa en la autonomía y la conciencia del empresario.

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Shandra, John M., Jenna E. Nobles, Bruce London, and John B. Williamson. "Multinational Corporations, Democracy and Child Mortality: A Quantitative, Cross-National Analysis of Developing Countries." Social Indicators Research 73, no. 2 (2005): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-004-2009-x.

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Kahr, Brett. "The woman who could not sing “Happy Birthday”: couple psychoanalysis at the baby grand piano." Musical Connections in Couple and Family Psychoanalysis 10, no. 1 (2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/cfp.v10n1.2020.93.

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This article describes the author’s work as a presenter on the four-part British Broadcasting Corporation television programme, 'Making Slough Happy', in which he used music and singing for therapeutic purposes. In particular, he offers a glimpse into how he helped a woman, gripped by long-standing vocal inhibitions, to achieve her dream of singing “Happy Birthday” to her child.

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Roteta, E., and P. Oliva. "OPTIMIZATION OF A RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFIER FOR BURNED AREA DETECTION IN CHILE USING SENTINEL-2 DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W12-2020 (November 6, 2020): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w12-2020-337-2020.

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Abstract. Due to the high variability of biomes throughout the country, the classification of burned areas is a challenge. We calibrated a random forest classifier to account for all this variability and ensure an accurate classification of burned areas. The classifier was optimized in three steps, generating a version of the burned area product in each step. According to the visual assessment, the final version of the BA product is more accurate than the perimeters created by the Chilean National Forest Corporation, which overestimate large burned areas because it does not consider the inner unburned areas and, it omits some small burned areas. The total burned surface from January to March 2017 was 5,000 km2 in Chile, 20 % of it belonging to a single burned area in the Maule Region, and with 91 % of the total burned surface distributed in 6 adjacent regions of Central Chile.

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Tienhaara, Kyla. "Regulatory Chill in a Warming World: The Threat to Climate Policy Posed by Investor-State Dispute Settlement." Transnational Environmental Law 7, no. 2 (2017): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102517000309.

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AbstractThe system of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) found in over 3,000 bilateral investment treaties and numerous regional trade agreements has been criticized for interfering with the rights of sovereign states to regulate investment in the public interest, for example, to protect the environment and public health. This article argues that while much of the public debate around ISDS has focused on a small number of cases that have arisen over the regulation of tobacco packaging, there is a far greater threat posed by the potential use of ISDS by the fossil fuel industry to stall action on climate change. It is hypothesized that fossil fuel corporations will emulate a tactic employed by the tobacco industry – that of using ISDS to induce cross-border regulatory chill: the delay in policy uptake in jurisdictions outside the jurisdiction in which the ISDS claim is brought. Importantly, fossil fuel corporations do not have to win any ISDS cases for this strategy to be effective; they only have to be willing to launch them. The article concludes with three options to reform trade and investment agreements to better align them with climate change mitigation efforts: (i) exclude ISDS provisions; (ii) prohibit fossil fuel industries from accessing ISDS; or (iii) carve out all government measures taken in pursuit of international obligations (for example, under the Paris Agreement on climate change) from challenge under ISDS.

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del Pilar Morales Mora, Lisbety, Alexis Marcelo Castañeda Ilabaca, Patricio Javier Espinoza Muñoz, Oscar Alejandro Moraga Urrea, Maximiliano Humberto Robles Valenzuela, and Moacyr Portes Júnior. "AUTOPERCEPCIÓN, PHYSICAL CONDITION AND FOOD BEHAVIOR OF WORKERS OF NATIONAL FOREST CORPORATION - CONAF, MAULE REGION, CHILE." Fiep Bulletin- Online 87, no. I (2017): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.16887/87.a1.55.

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Choi, Dea Hun. "Political Suggestions on Enhancement of Public Role of Child Care Centers by Social Welfare Corporations." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 8, no. 6 (2017): 1165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.8.6.78.

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Rodríguez-López, Silvia. "Perpetrators or Preventers? The Double Role of Corporations in Child Trafficking in a Global Context." Oñati Socio-legal Series 8, no. 1 (2018): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0919.

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Brewer, Mark K., and Sue Turner. "Solving Child Statelessness: Disclosure, Reporting, and Corporate Responsibility." British Journal of American Legal Studies 8, no. 1 (2019): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjals-2019-0003.

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Abstract Statelessness affects around 10 million people globally, many of whom are children. Many public law initiatives to diminish and eradicate statelessness exist, yet the problem persists. This article explores the potential for the private law to contribute to a solution to this problem, leading to increased awareness of the plight of stateless children among the public, investors, governments, and multinational corporations. In doing so, the article examines the role of the private law in regulating the use of so-called “conflict minerals” in the United States and internationally. It recognizes the contribution made by conflict minerals legislation towards finding an effective solution to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The article proposes, amongst other initiatives, a legislative solution to the enduring problem of child statelessness, adapting provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street and Consumer Protection Act which requires corporate reporting and disclosure in relation to international supply chains of public limited companies in respect of conflict minerals, and applying them instead to the causes of child statelessness.

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Vujanic, Ana. "The future of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia’s ‘chilling’ mediascape." Australian Journalism Review 43, no. 1 (2021): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00060_7.

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Two decades after Pierre Bourdieu published On Television and Journalism chronicling the decline of French public broadcasting and serious news, Australia’s national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is in the throes of a similar decline. Besieged by a combination of funding cuts, allegations of political interference, pressure from the commercial media sector, nepotism and legislative frameworks at both federal and state levels that have sent a chill through Australian journalism, the ABC is facing challenging times. Through long-form interviews with journalists and senior bureau figures from the ABC Brisbane Bureau, this study seeks to gauge the extent to which the landscape for conducting public interest journalism in Australia has changed since 2018 and what the future of the ABC may look like.

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Gallardo Loaiza, José Antonio. "“Gobiernos corporativos”: comparación entre Chile, Perú y Colombia como socios del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano (MILA)." Revista de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Empresariales 3, no. 1 (2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/riace.2014.3.1.1819.

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La presente investigación consiste en una comparación entre Chile, Perú y Colombia como socios del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano, a partir del análisis de las estructuras que forman parte de los Gobiernos Corporativos, considerando mecanismos externos privados, mecanismos internos, y por último, mecanismos externos regulatorios. Dicho análisis se realiza mediante revisión documental y opiniones de directores de sociedades. El resultado del análisis destaca que la implementación del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano supone estandarización en materia de Gobierno Corporativo, y con ello la armonización de un concepto común de buen gobierno corporativo, que alinea incentivos y promueve el respeto a los derechos de los accionistas y grupos de interés que participan en la empresa, garantizando la distribución de rentas que incentiven la realización de las inversiones.

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Rezende, Vinícius De. "Totalitarismo empresarial: uma análise do sistema Bata no Brasil e no Chile (1940-1970)." Mundos do Trabalho 12 (June 2, 2020): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-9222.2020.e72518.

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A partir dos anos 1930, a Bata Shoes Corporation, empresa de origem checa, consolidou-se como uma organização multinacional que figurou entre os maiores produtores mundiais de calçados e foi precursora na realização de transformações de ordem econômica, organizacional e social nas suas instalações em mais de 40 países. Além da racionalização dos processos produtivos, fundou escolas industriais para formar seus dirigentes industriais e notabilizou-se por construir vilas operárias dotadas de aparatos assistenciais para os seus funcionários. Neste artigo, analiso como se deu a implantação do sistema Bata – conjunto de métodos de produção e de técnicas de gestão – no Brasil e no Chile, entre as décadas de 1940 e 1970, tendo como principal objetivo interpretar as características do projeto de controle social que buscava exercer um domínio praticamente total sobre os trabalhadores, indo além dos espaços e dos tempos de trabalho, ao adentrar as esferas domésticas e os períodos de ócio.

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&NA;. "Chattanooga Corporation Creates New $10,000 Scholarship." Pediatric Physical Therapy 3, no. 1 (1991): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199100310-00014.

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Carte, Lindsey, Álvaro Hofflinger, and Molly H. Polk. "Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile." Land 10, no. 3 (2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030283.

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Chile has embraced the expansion of monoculture forest plantations of exotic Monterey pine and eucalyptus as part of its development strategy. While forestry is considered financially successful and meets sustainability objectives, the increase in forest plantations across southern Chile has received harsh critiques for exacerbating conflict over Indigenous land rights, producing negative environmental outcomes, and increasing poverty and inequality. There are also claims that forest plantation expansion has led to an abandonment of the countryside. Migration is viewed as a result of the socioeconomic challenges that forest plantations produce at the local level; however, the linkages have not been explored. We examine the linkages between forest plantations and migration through two questions: Is there a relationship between forest plantation cover change and out-migration from rural areas? If so, what are the factors that explain this process? We use a difference-in-differences method analyzing panel data from the Chilean census and from CONAF, the Chilean National Forest Corporation, complemented by interviews, mapping workshops, and focus groups to answer these questions. Results indicate a statistically significant relationship between expanding forest plantations and population decline in rural areas. Qualitative data show that this expansion led to displacement of residents, declines in employment opportunities, and agriculture difficulties.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Corporations – Chile'

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