Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corporations – France'
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Hamon, Thierry. "Les corporations en Bretagne au dix-huitième siècle (étude statutaire et contentieuse)." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN11006.
Full textAfter describing the general position of the corporation movement in brittany in the last century of the monarchy, this study concentrates on the internal processes of professional trades communities, in particular access to the position of master-craftsman, the subsequent practice and the relationship between mastercraftsman and the orther actors in the hierarchy of professional activities, (companions, itinerants and craftsmen outside the guild). This analysis is conducted throughout from two parallel standpoints: that of normes (guild statutes, edicts and police regulations), and that of litigation (police sentences and judgements of the parliament of brittany). The second part focuses on the relationships between royal power and the public instances of authority in general, and the guild system, using brittany as an example. A historical trend is observed, which shows a move from recognition (standardisation and approval of the statutes), towards condemnation (attempts to suppress, then reform the trades communities in brittany in the second half of the 18e century)
Andersson, Elizabeth. "Les Corporations du textile à Caen au dix-huitième siècle." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN0027.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, lower normandy is considered as an agricultural area, but this characteristic does not exclude the existence of sime manufactories. In this respect, in caen, the textile industry holds a privileged place on account of its importance and the tradition on which it in founded. The textile branch is in the hands of masters grouped into corporations within which they whish to keep their privileges as well as the monopoly of the production and sale of various kinds of material and hosiery articles. Essentially based on the analysis of the documents kept in the record office of the "departement du calvados", the present study aims at apprehending the different aspects of the activity of these communities of trades at a time when the reforning spirit questions again the very principle of corporative organization. The radical measures taken by turgot temporarily pull down these century-old structures which are immediately restored, only undergoing superficial alteration, so eager are their supporters to defend them yet. Unadapted to a waning production condement either to modernize or to be in jeopardy, they escape the first measures of the revolution but fade out unnoticed in 1791
Caron, Frédéric. "Organisation du travail, métiers et corporations à Douai et à Valenciennes (de Louis XIV à la Révolution)." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30041.
Full textFourré-Clerc, Janique. "Dynamiques professionnelles dans une corporation compagnonnique : définitions de la formation et usages de la tradition chez les tailleurs de pierre." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2010.
Full textGallinato, Bernard. "Les corporations à Bordeaux à la fin de l'ancien régime : vie et mort d'un mode d'organisation du travail." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D013.
Full textThe french revolution made a clean sweep of the centuries old institutions of the old france. One of them : the guilds or corporations is considered here in the last decades of the old regime in one of the most important ports of the epoch : bordeaux. How dynamic were the guilds at a time when commercial capitalism was making bordeaux's fortune? what was their actual place at the heart of the working world? after having presented the guilds by describing their regulations which show the permanent institutional characteristics of the corporations, the author studies the other types of work in this great trading city; he takes an interest in the behaviour of man at work and analyses the economic choices of the urban authorities. In doing this he sets out to prove that the guilds only slightly encompassed the economic activity and that they projected the image of the dying old regime
Ting, Antony K. F. (Antony Ka Fai). "The taxation of corporate groups under the enterprise doctrine : a comparative study of eight consolidation regimes." Phd thesis, Sydney Law School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11993.
Full textLascombe, Michel. "Les ordres professionnels." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30010.
Full textThis study is dealing with the particular organisation of nine professions, which are architects, barristers, surgeon dentists, midwives, landsurveyors, chartered accountants, physicians, chemists this historical study from the babylonian civilisation up to now is focusing on the french revolution and the IIIrd republic (1875-1940). The present structure originates from the vichy government ; it has a rule-making-power and a disciplinary power. Efficiency is based on the compulsary membership of each professional ; the democratic aspect is preserved by the election of the leaders. This institution is though an oddness in the french law, that leads to questioning about its general characteristics and about a possible reform of it
Waboe, Jean-Pierre. "Le statut juridique de l'artisanat en france." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010287.
Full textLunel, Alexandre. "L'organisation des professions médicales sous l'Ancien régime : entre corporatisme et autorité royale : XVIe siècle-XVIIIe siècle." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020017.
Full textDuclos, Nathalie. "La fin des violences paysannes : les transformations à l'oeuvre dans les mobilisations d'agriculteurs sous la Vème République." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010326.
Full textThe author demonstrates that french peasants are less violents now than in the sixties. Many sociological, political and psychological explanations are mobilized. The concept of relative deprivation developped by Ted Gurr, applied to agricultural modernization beginned after the second world war, makes us understand the reasons of violence in the sixties. Secondly, the transformations of peasants identities explain why demonstrations are going moderated : peasants's hostility against the city and the polity is weakened. An other reason is that political opportunities to be violents are decreasing. More and more people protest against violent demonstrations. So, trade-unionist leaders try to control more firmly their adherents
Brossault, Henri. "Arts et métiers en Franche-Comté aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles : le cuir." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010717.
Full textSurun, Michel. "Marchands de vin en gros à Paris au XVIIe siècle : Recherches d'histoire institutionnelle et sociale." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020023.
Full textDjeffel, Samira. "Corporations et pouvoirs publics au XVIIIème siècle à Nancy : étude institutionnelle et contentieuse." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20014/document.
Full textGuilds establish the privileged mode of work organization which dominates the late Middle Ages and the Ancien Régime. They are abolished during the Revolution by the Allarde's decree of the March 2-17th, 1791 and the Le Chapelier's law of June 14th, 1791. Even today for the public opinion, Guilds symbolize conservatism, monopolistic activities and restraining practice of trade. The development of workers association practicing the same business or related ones, is strictly connected to the urban emancipation which affects the kingdom of France since XIIth century, the Trois-Évêchés in XIIIth century and duchies of Lorraine and Bar near the middle of XIVth century. Because of the longevity of corporate bodies, we have chosen to study the XVIIIth century, which is a period of disruptions for Lorraine. A turning point starts with the return of duke Leopold in his duchies of Lorraine and Bar after the signature of the treaty of Ryswick in October, 1697 with Louis the XIVth. Then come French occupations and the final annexation of the duchy after the death of king Stanislas in 1766. Finally, the French Revolution condemns the corporatism of the Ancien Régime. These various stages have effects on Lorraine?s fate, both in the political, institutional life and in the trading activities. Transposed into the guilds world, these turnovers have consequences on their administrative and professional organization as well as their relationship with public authorities. We suggest studying in this special context the connections between corporations from Nancy and public authorities in both institutional and dispute aspects
Shaik, Nuortahn. "Le droit de la pharmacie sous l'Ancien Régime." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082994.
Full textUnder the Old System, the exercise of the pharmacy is fixed by the society's general rules related to the other trades. The apothecary practice his trade within the corporative framework whom allowing him to profit from an exclusive right of drug's sales, which, remainder, is confirmed by the authorities. However, he undergoes a competition on behalf of other people exerting pharmacy in a derogatory or lawful way by diverting the texts of laws. This faintness is explained on the one hand why the apothecary's activity is much vaster than nowadays. He exerts parallel to his principal activity, an additional activity of grocer from the pharmacy and to recognize with the latter its erudite character. In addition, medical science's diffusion is not homogeneous in all the Kingdom of France. The apothecary, like the doctor, is especially concentrated in the cities while the campaigns are foresaken with the empirical ones and with the monks. It results from it from the abuses such as a reform is essential on the hand of 18th century. The declaration of 1777 bring a new era for the pharmaceutical profession
Thillay, Alain. "La liberté du travail à Paris sous l'Ancien Régime : l'exemple du faubourg Saint-Antoine." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040037.
Full textCarvais, Robert. "La chambre royale des bâtimentsJuridiction professionnelle et le droit de la construction à Paris sous l'Ancien Régime." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020073.
Full textFinance, Olivier. "Les villes françaises investies par les firmes transnationales étrangères : des réseaux d'entreprises aux établissements localisés." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H047/document.
Full textTransnational corporations, which are amongst the major players in the contemporary global economy, integrate and exclude territories at various scales, due to their specific location strategies. These inequalities are well known at an international scale, yet the knowledge of this diverse integration is much more limited regarding urban levels, although cities and metropolises are considered as being the major nodes of the globalized networks. France and the OECD countries certainly appear in central positions in the networks that characterize these corporations, but observations made at the urban level remain very partial due to the lack of localized data. This thesis suggests to both approach and localize conventional data about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the French case by mobilizing data about financial links connecting economic units. The detailed breakdown of transnational corporations affiliation networks has been conducted up to the level of the establishments, which are the real individual economic and geographic cells of these transnational networks. An original database about localized inward FDI stocks has been built and explored to appreciate how far foreign transnational corporations integrate the 355 main cities into the French urban system. These data revealed the diverse integration of French cities, between dependence and attractiveness for the investors. The mobilization of scaling laws, which constituted a major analytical tool in this work, allowed us to identify the major factors explaining the diverse integration of French cities into the whole system of cities, reflected both by inequalities of hierarchical and regional order
Guilois, Bruno. "La communauté des peintres et sculpteurs parisiens : de la corporation à l’Académie de Saint-Luc." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL098.
Full textThe community of Parisian master painters and sculptors went through important evolutions between the 17th and 18th centuries. The creation of the Royal Academy in 1648 corresponds to a time of upheaval: the old and the new profession then came together and tried to coexist within the same structure. In the late 17th century, the population of the maîtrise increased and the list of its members as well as its statutes were published, in an overall re-ordering of the community. Thus, in 1705, the guild was strong in numbers and well-organised when it obtained a declaration from Louis XIV allowing it to open a drawing school based on live models : the brand-new Academy of St Luke became established in the artistic landscape of the early 18th century. It purchased new premises on rue du Haut-Moulin-en-la-Cité. From there, it significantly altered its statutes, giving an important role to a body of artists who was put in charge of teaching within its school. In the years 1750 to 1775, things moved faster for the Academy of St Luke. Several well-attended exhibitions put members of the Academy of St Luke on the map and involved the small academy in mid-18th century artistic debates. The improvement in the life-drawing school in the years 1765-1775 led to an even better recognized status for artists within the community. Over more than a century, this spectacular evolution shows the remarkable adaptation of the old guild, which thus managed to integrate its academic functioning to the hierarchical organization of a professional community
Branthome, Thomas. "La genèse des libertés sociales : le droit de s'associer face à l'impératif d'ordre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020068.
Full textThe expression "collective liberties", used until now to designate the liberties of the Second Generation, does not fully represent the content of those liberties. Those liberties are not the affirmation of the collective right over the individual right, but of the individual liberties becoming effective when applied collectively. To best feature their complexity, a new term should be proposed: social liberties. It is necessary, to justify this new term, to study the genesis of those liberties, through a legislative, jurisprudential, political and doctrinal analysis. The observation of the organic corporation of the Middle Age reveals a difference of nature with the free association. Its singularity will only appear at the end of the XIX century, through a modern definition and a renewal of the order paradigm
Dubois, Sylvie. "Métiers et société : artistes et artisans d'art à Dijon durant le second XVIIIe siècle." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL013.
Full textDijon in the late eighteenth century was hoisted to the rank of real artistic provincial capital through an embellishment of its space, accompanied by new connoisseurs. This world revolves around two main figures: the customer and the artists and craftsmen gathered in corporations. This study examines the functioning of corporation’s arts and crafts reserving a large spot in the trail of individuals within the traditional framework. This world is evoked in turn by its regulatory, educational, economic, commercial and social aspects, evoking a provincial city that shines in the heart of the "Age of Enlightenment. "
Riviere, Francois. "Travail et métiers en Normandie à la fin du Moyen Âge : institutions professionnelles et régulation économique." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0022.
Full textIn medieval Normandy, from the end of the XIIIth century, the word métier (craft) could refer to a category of profession-based institutions that were clearly identified by the contemporary society. Dating from that period, the documentation also sheds a new light on the modes of enforcement of the economic rules which are particular to these craft institutions. Among their main characteristics was the role of craft officers (gardes du métier) who were appointed in agreement with the craft group. This evolution goes with the second "writing revolution" which developed the use of written norms. In this study, craft rules are therefore defined as a type of source which sets the structures of craft organisations. The development of this type of source was only part of the expansion of more detailed professional rules, whose geographic diffusion reflects the urban hierarchy. Judicial sources and accounts completed those normative sources and broadened the spectrum of craft institutions by including small towns like Elbeuf or Neufchâtel-en-Bray, as well as rural activities like pottery or metallurgy. The quantitative analysis of sources covering over 60 jurisdictions shows their representativity and a growth that does not entirely come from documentary biases. The diversity of places and activities ruled by craft institutions grew at the end of the Middle Ages. Better sources make case studies possible not only in Rouen but also in the jurisdictions of Louviers, of Elbeuf, of Roncheville and of the mine of Beaumont at Saint-Rémy-sur-Orne. The comparisons reveal how limited the autonomy of craft organisations concerning the enforcement of rules could be, despite a few exceptions like the master of the ironworkers of Normandy or the provost of the tanners of Rouen who had jurisdiction over their peers. However, until the end of the 14th century, the authorities seemed to lack control over the expertise on the quality of goods and on qualification, as well as over the formalities required for becoming an apprentice or a master. Even in the 15th century, the superior courts did not always intervene in such cases. The identity of craft organisations revolved more around their officers, who were sworn before higher authorities, than it depended on the shifting boundaries of the working communities. As a consequence, the collective action of workers very slowly took a formal aspect and often took place outside the craft institutions. Nevertheless, craft communities were consulted as a group about their rules. The development of formal craft institutions at the end of the Middle Ages can be linked to the growing use of written laws that were claimed by professional associations or by the authorities according to the context
Pitou, Frédérique. "Métiers et boutiques à Laval au XVIIIe siècle : place du groupe des marchands, artisans et ouvriers dans une ville textile." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMAA001.
Full textHanne, Georges. "Le monde du travail entre XVIIIe et XIXe siècle : Toulouse et Saragosse, étude comparative." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20039.
Full textTowards 1770, Toulouse and Saragossa were two typical cities of the old regime that illustrate the same social and economic model as based on the complementary relationship between the crafts and the functions of supervision and social control. Here, the dominant role that emerges, both in economic and social terms, is that property ownership together with the strength of the religious institutions. The urban economies in these cities showed fairly similar corporative structures and were largely, though not exclusively, influenced by kinship in access to the crafts and trades. The local economy was, however, stimulated in Toulouse by a stronger demand from intermediary social categories that were more developed due to more favourable natural conditions and the more preponderant role of the judiciary. Half a century later, the gap in terms of economic dynamism between the two cities had widened considerably, with the productive sectors registering opposite trends and the Spanish side falling behind. This was not only due to the effect of the War of Independence and the demographic slump that resulted in the Aragon capital. The disparity seems also to correspond to a shift in time, a harking back to the Church's material and mental sway and the corporative structure prevailing in Spain. We can also see that the reproduction of the professions remained significant in both cases, despite the disappearance of the corporations in France. On either side, the emergence of new techniques and forms of industrial production only seem to have had a minor impact in changes in urban work arrangements, marked in Toulouse by the considerable decline in domestic service and by the extreme likehood of a big increase in the number of small scale economic players in a situation of formal independence and, in both cities, by a major progression in commercial activities
Sedgwick, Mitchell Woodbury. "Organising globalisation : managing across cultures at a Japanese corporation in France." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615975.
Full textFeuerstoss, Valérie. "Nourrir, chauffer, éclairer les habitants de Strasbourg au XVIIIème siècle : les autorités et l'approvisionnement (1681-1788)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG024/document.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, it is the responsibility of the autorities to make sure that the inhabitants are provided with food, fuels and tallow candles. Strasbourg becoming part of the kingdom of Louis XIVth in 1681 means the end of the independance of the city, the royal preator being now the head of the magistracy. Which consequence does this institutional evolution have on the supplying policy of the city ? The latter remains regularly disrupted by weather setbacks, wars and the schemes of speculators. Besides, it must meet an ever increasing demand. The Alsace province still provides grain and wine, but the city resorts to importation for ist firewood, livestock and coffee too. The« tribes » (a grouping of guilds), as for instance the butchers’, play an important part in supplying the town, a task jeopardized in 1788
Haddad, Pierre. "Les chevillards de la Villette : naissance, vie et mort d'une corporation." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100051.
Full textHis research examines the now extinct corporation of la Villette wholesale butchers. Having almost all of the general syndicate of wholesale meat trade archives at my disposal, I attempted to describe the enclosed world of the abattoirs, gathering inspiration from experience. The first part of the work is a brief history of the ancient Parisian abattoirs I then move on to the heart of the matter : "the wholesale selling of meat", I explain who la Villette's wholesale butchers were, their role in the meat sector, their mentality and their behaviour, attempting to reproduce the general atmosphere at la Villette by showing the corporation's concerns relating to all the major events shaping our country's history. My research spans the period from the birth of wholesale butchers around 1829 to the closure of the meat complex in march 1974. I wondered what would have happened hadn't the state decided to change the modernisation procedure at la Villette abattoirs into a vast undertaking comprising a prototype abattoir and a huge sale-room unparalleled in the world. Didn’t the authoritarian closure of the cattle market and the abattoir simply hasten the disappearance of a corporation already condemned by the large and sudden changes in 1970 (development of cooperative circuits, industrial slaughter and superlaket) which it wasn't ready for? I end study by attempting to answer this question
Lemercier, Claire. "La Chambre de Commerce de Paris, 1803-1852 : un "corps consultatif" entre représentation et information économiques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412011.
Full textL'histoire de la Chambre est avant tout celle d'un corps intermédiaire – dans un pays et une période où cette notion est loin d'aller de soi. L'étude de cette véritable reconstruction d'une architecture institutionnelle, après la Révolution française et au fil des changements de régimes politiques, est avant tout centrée sur les pratiques de l'institution (modes de recherche d'information, interactions entre membres dans la préparation des rapports, émergence de fonctions de service pour la Chambre...), sans négliger les débats idéologiques concernant l'organisation et la représentation du monde économique (rétablissement des corporations en particulier). L'étude à été menée partir des riches archives de la Chambre (procès verbaux et dossiers thématiques), de recherches concernant ses membres, principalement en termes de carrière institutionnelle et de cumuls de mandats, et de nombreuses sources imprimées touchant aux dossiers traités par la Chambre.
Dans un premier temps, une étude, en partie quantitative, du travail de l'institution et des carrières de ses membres permet de définir une chronologie propre à la Chambre et de poser des hypothèses concernant les motivations de ceux que l'institution intéresse (membres, mais aussi interlocuteurs dans l'administration et dans le monde économique). Une présentation chronologique s'attache ensuite notamment à l'analyse fine de périodes de changement (1828-1832, 1848-1852). Dans ces moments, les membres de l'institution apparaissent acteurs de leur histoire, avec une certaine autonomie pour redéfinir leurs règles de fonctionnement ; mais ils sont aussi soumis à la concurrence d'autres institutions et à des chocs extérieurs (émergence de chambres syndicales, révolutions politiques, actualité nouvelle de la question sociale...). Au fil des travaux de la Chambre émergent enfin certains dossiers d'histoire économique (régulation des transactions boursières, contrôle a posteriori des sociétés anonymes, modes d'encouragement des exportations...) et d'histoire des statistiques sur lesquels l'étude de l'institution ouvre des pistes nouvelles.
Rochat, Jean. "La société anonyme en France (1807-1867) : représentations et pratiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010672.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the business corporation in France between its formal appearance in the law in the Commercial Code of 1807 and the Act of July 1867 that removes any government authorization previously requested for the creation of such company. The société anonyme has often been described as the necessary support of modern industrial capitalism, particularly in that it would have allowed significant concentration of capital. By observing closely the practices of different actors, this thesis aims to revise this representation, seeking to replace the public company in the political economy of the first half of the nineteenth century. This approach includes a research on the origins of the société anonyme – which we do not consider as a product of capitalist modernity – and a reassessment of the role of the state, which is one of the main users of this business form and whose intervention is necessary for the viability of such an institution. At a more general level, this thesis aims at questioning the interaction between law and economy, highlighting a process of construction and legal learning based on an ongoing dialogue between the existing law, the uses that are made of it and the State’s actions
Alharbi, Nuha. "Business English as a lingua franca in Saudi multinational corporations : a qualitative investigation of communicative strategies and orientations to use in international workplaces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/business-english-as-a-lingua-franca-in-saudi-multinational-corporations(c7d24fc2-135f-4246-a429-c3ce3e1ee7eb).html.
Full textEtienne, Claire. "La relation entre RSE et institutions : une approche globale, France-Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E069.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the conditions under which CSR definition, research or implementation are influenced and contextualized by local, especially institutional, factors or in the contrary can be integrated in a universal approach. Two different national context are explored, France and China. However, thesis analysis is more specifically focused on Chinese institutional environment and the first chapter deals with this topic. In the chapter 2, through an analysis within two disciplines, management and law (primarily French but also American and Chinese law), a CSR definition is proposed but results highlight the difficulty to reach a universal definition of CSR. In the chapter 3, a textual analysis was used on a 600 articles sample to investigate the structure of academic research in the field of CSR and related concepts in China from 1980 to 2011. In the chapters 4 and 5, a single case study concerning a French multinational corporation (MNC) operating in China since 1995 was conducted. Findings of the chapter 4 establish that a combination of different factors influence the CSR internationalization strategy of the said MNC. Factors that may drive variation in CSR practices across countries are studied in the chapter 5. Findings show that in the same institutional environment, depending on CSR issues and institutional norms, the implementation of CSR strategy by the said MNC subsidiary in China sometimes reflects and sometimes is a substitute to Chinese institutional and economic context while the impact remains unclear in certain cases
Atrux-tallau, Mélanie. "Histoire sociale d’un corps intermédiaire : l’Assemblée permanente des chambres d’agriculture (1924-1974)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20087/document.
Full textSince its founding in 1927, the Permanent Assembly of Chambers of Agriculture (Assemblée permanente des chambres d’agriculture, APCA) changed several times its role and social profile. Its history begins while the farmers unions are almost celebrating their fiftieth anniversary. The APCA then starts a long quest to set itself as an intermediary between the agricultural professional organizations and State structures. Although this institution is exclusively a consultative one in the 1930’s, it progressively tends to become a protagonist of the agricultural development policy in the 1960’s-1970’s, offering technical and administrative support to the local chambers of agriculture, and developing a public advisory capacity as well as its own publishing policy. Prosopographical and micro-historical methods allow us to demonstrate that this process of institutionalization has been the long-term task of some farmers leaders and their managers, men born at the beginning of the twentieth century, and that its success is the result of slow adapations of all the players involved. A relational database system allows us to follow the social trajectories and to localize in the nebula of professional and political networks some 8.000 members of the chambers of agriculture of this period, as well as their 500 presidents. From the Third Republic to the Peasant corporation of the Vichy régime, and then from the Liberation in 1944-1945 to the agricultural modernization of the “Trente glorieuses”, this history is also a way to enlight how agrarism as a pattern of control could endure while productivism as a new paradigm was asserting itself
Lanthier, Pierre. "Les constructions électriques en France : financement et stratégies de six groupes industriels internationaux de 1880 à 1940." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100170.
Full textThis thesis deals with the activities of six international electro technical groups in France from 1880 to 1940. In order of importance these groups are: general electric co and its subsidiary created in 1893, the French Thomson Houston; the Empain group established in France in 1880; the Swiss group Brown Boveri and its subsidiary (since 1892), the companies electromecanique; Westinghouse and its subsidiaries, the first of these was established in France in 1898; the Edison group and its subsidiary launched in 1882, the company Continentale Edison; the Swedish group Ericsson and its subsidiary from 1911, the sociéte des téléphones Ericsson. In the first place, the analysis focusses on the international character of these groups. Next, it examines the market, more particularly the sectors where the groups have invested directly, i. E. The tramways, the intercommunal railways, the metro de Paris and the production-transmission of electricity. Finally, it retraces the evolution of the strategies of each group, first from 1880 to 1914, then from 1914 to 1940. It shows how, in the first instance, the groups had to allow a big financial effort to the launching and the organization of the market and, in the second instance, to develop their own means of production and to prepare the sustained growth of the French economy after 1945
Serrano, Corinne. "Analyse empirique et méthodologique de la mesure des performances dans les entreprises industrielles : le cas de la gestion des stocks dans l'entreprise IBM." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10026.
Full textThe important mutation, that have meet the manufactures systems, has induced, to calling into question the traditonal criterion of performances evaluation. The thesis begins by an analysis of theory foundations economic to put in obviousness implications of evaluation criteria on the performance of the enterprise. The new concepts of management, originally of changes, will bel analysed at the same time that classic management methods. An empirical study made at ibm, on the necessity to change criteria and tools of management is proposed, these results are thew compared to situations of athers enterprises
Hawari, Ahmad. "Le contrôle de la gestion au sein de la société anonyme en droit français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1077.
Full textThe power concentration phenomenon which is between the hands of a restricted group of leaders, the breach of link between the decisional power and the capitalist risk, have prompted the legislature to intervene to strengthen the control of the public limited companies and to allow a balance of forces and thus to prevent the excessive power practiced by management. The exercise of control by shareholders is first made possible in the chore of the shareholder's general assembly, by deliberation and voting. Yet, this exercise must subject to mandatory rules, beyond the vested interests in order to protect the social interest. Thus, controlling the smooth functioning of company requires that shareholders have the means to control the management of the company. On this point, information will play a very important role because it will allow all shareholders to exercise such control. So, it is a privileged instrument of control of managers. In addition, the board of directors also has a real role in management control to avoid the concentration of power; the emergence of the board of directors as a surveillance organ for better separation of powers between management and control. The legislature has sought to strengthen the power of control by an auditor; the Legal Auditor. This control is to control the accounting and financial situation of the company. The Legal Auditor has a duty of disclosure of offenses. This control is for the advantage of the good functioning of the company, and especially to anticipate crises that can affect that company
Taffin, Géraldine. "Les juges et consuls au XVIIIe siècle : représentation et représentativité du milieu marchand." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30067.
Full textJudges of the “juridictions consulaires”: what are they? Who do they represent? Who are they? A case occurred in Angers, beyond a quarrel over precedence, pose actually the question of their state and social and legal importance in the city. If the judgment reached in 1736 recognizes them as members of a jurisdiction, the debate is constantly revived, especially during the Laverdy reform. In fact, elected by their peers, initially for annual responsibility to render justice, they are simultaneously representatives of a customary former company that aspires to be of justice, of a united corporation of various “merchants of… communities” whose members are eligible for the Court, and in major cities of a “free trading community”. Indeed, “having passed through the charges” are established ex officio members of the board of these institutions, while considering themselves different because still dressed in the dignity of the judicature. This role is disputed to them by some unified communities guards. This multiple representation is clearly assumed in a power game with local authorities, mainly because of a shared competence of public economic service. They evoke the edit of Cremieu to impose themselves in the general assemblies of the city and to empower original links; moreover, they are often ex officio members in the “chambers of commerce” and they play a significant role in the appointment of the “députés du commerce”. Natural defenders of the business, they ensure that the merchants, most often members of their company, are elected in the various local institutions. Stemming from a different sanior pars according to cities and evolving to a movement of “pas chassés”, they ensure that their survival dignity of judicature erases the personal qualities according to the inviolable principle of the order of the roll. The elections of the members of their companies follow a logic of “oligarchisation”, sometimes suffered, maintained by a perfect control of the electoral process. A core is formed by some formers enjoying simultaneously loads, both internally and in a spray-out way, raising the question of multi-membership and conflicts of interests
Spencer, Freeze Rixa Ann. "French food vs. fast food José Bové takes on McDonald"s /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1029182528.
Full textClément, Benjamin. "Construire et habiter à Lugdunum : Organisation, formes et évolution de l’architecture domestique (IIe av. – IIIe siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2028.
Full textDeal with the topic of construction in the Roman world, mostly for a civitates or a colonia, become a difficult exercise because of the many perspectives for this subject. However, Lugdunum is an exception in this field, both its rich archeological or epigraphic documentations and its status of early roman colony in Gaul. This doctoral research has set itself the objective of dealing of domestic architecture in Lugdunum. This work is built on a global approach, based on the studies of construction techniques and building materials as well as new methodology. Following the step of a construction site, the purpose of this work is to characterize the different chains of supply, the typological and chronological evolution of building materials or the diversity of the domestic architecture. The analysis of building materials, construction techniques, typology of the domus, as well as group of funeral inscriptions bring very concrete answers and opens new research opportunities.As part of a Master conducted between 2007 and 2009, studying the terracotta tiled roofs in Gaul, particularly in Lyon, allowed the establishment of a typology of tegulae and imbrices, permitting to date this type of artifact to nearly half a century. Based on the methodology developed in this master, a comprehensive analysis of fragments of brick, column quarter, bricks of opus spicatum or tubuli was conducted in order to characterize any changes in their morphology, or for use in the construction of buildings. Particular attention was also paid to the nature of rubble stone (granite, gneiss, limestone…), as well as the mortar used in the roman houses of Lyon. These studies, coupled with geomorphologic analysis of the colonial territory, allow delivering a complete picture of the supply of Lugdunum in building materials.The second research axis concerns the construction techniques used to build the domus of the colony. Masonry (foundation and elevation) were therefore analyzed using technical and typological criteria, in parallel to the study of materials (rubble stone, mortar, terracotta materials). The mud brick architecture and earth structures offering another angle of approach. This construction technique is ubiquitous in Lyon for domestic architecture and remains poorly studied. We will discuss the modalities of its implementation, as well as the various forms of architecture in which it operates (adobe, wood-framed, mud ...), through the remains found in place, or the carbonized artifacts discovered in the colony.Finally, we will discuss the issue of Roman houses plan in Lyon, incorporating the classification proposed by E. Delaval in 1995. The contribution of preventive archeology these past years in Lyon has allowed to renew the corpus of domestic buildings, highlighting new types of building. We will extend this thinking through the possible comparisons with other cities and colonies of Gaul and in the Roman world.In conclusion, this doctoral work focused on the evolution of techniques and building materials, but also plans of domestic buildings in Lyon, reveals the richness of an analysis from a variety of materials, often not considered by a part of the scientific community. At the scale of a colony, these various lines of research provide a better understanding for the concepts of manufacturing and material supply, but also to improve our knowledge of construction techniques. These different aspects, treated in a comprehensive manner and diachronic way, open to historical and sociological reflection concerning the organization of workshops (role of corporations, degree of independence) or evolving status of craftsmen of the Lugdunum colony working in construction site. These conclusions are based on an original corpus of funerary inscriptions of Lyon craftsmen
Desrondiers, Carine. "L’art de la Serrurerie en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040044.
Full textThe Art of Locksmithery in Britany in the 17th and 18th centuries highlights the art of iron forged – a section of the decorative arts in between architecture, furniture design and ornament that has become the “Cinderella of arts” over the ages.Records based research and on-site investigations were conducted in five dioceses - Finistère, Côtes-d’Armor, Morbihan, Ille-et-Vilaine and Loire-Atlantique, which Britany included before the French Revolution- and resulted in a synthetic essay about history and art. The first part analyses the original background and the evolution of the community of locksmiths in Britany from the study of charters, statuses and their application. The second part presents individual locksmiths in their social and family environment as well as through their training as craftsmen with the main steps of their professional life – apprenticeship, companionship and mastering. The third part deals with the contractors, the ordering process and the creation of pieces of work - key, lock, knocker, grille, balcony, bracket, lectern... - from the workshop to the Breton buildings, a few of which still feature some of those creations.The works catalogue and the biographical dictionary (1200 entries) illustrate and offer other documenting tools for further social and cultural studies and knowledge of design history in order to contribute to the rediscovery of Breton locksmiths and their works over a period regarded as the French golden age of ironwork
Dubois, Antonin. "Organiser les étudiants. Mobilisations collectives et formation d'un groupe social (Allemagne et France, 1880-1914)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0028.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand how, from individuals linked through bureaucratic en-rolment at a higher learning institution, students were able to become in France and in Germany, a social group, whose members are bound together by organizations seeking to defend their specific interests and needs. The end of the 1870s and the beginning of the 1880s mark a decisive change in both countries, as public authorities – from the universities as well as from the political powers – increasingly authorize and accept the existence of student organizations. This change is traced over the long term, through the study of political repression of the student movements and of the transformation of the relation between students and the nation-state (in construction) since the beginning of the 19th century. These student organizations are socialization bodies. For their members, it is as much a matter of acquiring practical political competences as it is of completing their university curricula thanks to conferences or working groups or of strengthening their masculine bodies through physical activities. A competitive struggle begins between student organizations around a number of issues between the 1870s and until First World War, the period that is more specifically analysed in this thesis: student representation; relationship with public au-thorities; integration into the university urban space; integration into the local and national elite society; obtaining material and intellectual benefits for the members; developing common sociability forms. Through this competition students contribute to the formation of a social space of their own, and that we have named student organization space. Through the analysis of this social space and through a constant interest in the relationship of students to politics and the nation-state, it is possible to understand how the place and the role of students in university and society was transformed at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century and, therefore, how they could form a social group
El, Hadj Jamel. "Les chirurgiens et l'organisation sanitaire contre la peste à Marseille : 17e-18e siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0152.
Full textThe present work deals with surgeons in the anti-plague system of Marseilles, focusing research on the changing status of surgeons between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries thanks to the evolution of public health. The subject is located in a research historical perspective that encompasses both social and occupational history (occupational health), and social history of medicine. The changing role and practices of surgeons performed within a public health that combines municipal actors to agents of the monarchy. Marseilles makes this case particularly visible because of multiple outbreaks of the epidemic, which creates a new health development organization without which the port could increase its market activity and economic influence. Faced at the plague, surgeons are the most sought caregivers in the triad "physician-surgeon-apothecary. " The plague of 1720-1722 is an opportunity to study how surgeons are organized in times of epidemic. The establishment of a prosopographic dictionary of active surgeons during the plague shows the extent of their involvement. For this public health anti-plague be effective, it must go beyond the single Marseille, to include neighboring towns or sometimes more distant in the Levant and Barbary where "surgeons nation" just take place to fight against the plague. Marseilles anti-plague system is an early form of globalization of health at the Mediterranean scale
Arteaga, Loïc. "Du non-film inexploré aux films à restaurer : l'apport des documents d'archives non-film dans les processus de restauration de films muets." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC291.
Full textDespite its recent re-lighting, silent cinema is still threatened by disappearance, notably because of nitrate film decomposition over time. It is estimated that 80 per cent of the world cinema production from 1895 to 1929 is currently lost, which makes silent film restoration even more crucial for those that still exist. Unfortunately, a century later, those films often remain in incomplete versions, sometimes even different from the original ones. This research work falls within this scope and specifically demonstrates the essential input of non-film archival documents of the time in silent film restoration processes. Those documents from now on represent the only sources attesting the original and complete form of those films. They notably allow, by comparing them with the incomplete films, both the identification of the preserved versions and the reconstruction of the narrative spine. This theoretical reflection on film restoration guiding principles [I] is then put into practice first through our examination of the restoration elements of the non-film archive collection of the American production company Triangle Film Corporation (1915-1919) preserved by the Cinémathèque française [II] then, based on the exploitation of these elements, through our contribution to the restorations of the French versions of the western The Desert Man (La Cité du désespoir, William S. Hart, 1917) and the historical drama The Despoiler (Châtiment, Reginald Barker, 1915) [III] ; two Triangle films so far presumed lost that constitute the only film elements located in the world until now
Le, Ruyet Armel. "L'agrément en droit des sociétés : contribution à une simplification du droit." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G040.
Full textThe study of corporate law certification reveals that the rules governing it are not free from gaps or inconsistencies. The latter result notably from their dispersed enactment, in legal or regulatory texts, on a case by case basis, individually for each social form. In addition, their intelligibility is diminished by the correlation sometimes made between the rules of his field and his procedural formalities. From this set flows a certain complexity, incompatible with the need for legal certainty required to execute any procedure. In this case, the infringement of liberty does not lie in the absence of a protective form but, paradoxically, in a formalism that is too fussy, the application of which gives rise to a serious dispute. Nevertheless, the observation of the possible presence of intuitu personae in all societies suggests the possibility of unifying the field of accreditation and, correspondingly, of simplifying its implementation, thanks to the elaboration of a common right. To this end, a contractual conception of social relations gives many keys to solving the problems currently posed by his regime. This analysis of positive law does not, however, call into question the proper balance established by law, aimed at protecting both society and its assigning partner, in the name of public societal order. Quite to the contrary, this point of view reinforces the effectiveness of the rule since the fields of intervention reserved to the legislator do not infringe either the substance of the rights of the partner or the legal concepts of the law. common right. This method of dealing with the difficulties raised leads to a reconstruction of the legislation of accreditation, which is more intelligible, thus auguring a concrete perspective of creation of a French law of closed companies, independent of any political instrumentalization
Geppert, M., K. Williams, M. Wortmann, J. Czarzasty, D. Kağnıcıoğlu, H.-D. Köhler, Tony Royle, Y. Rückert, and B. Uckan. "Industrial relations in European hypermarkets: Home and host country influences." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6599.
Full textIn this article we examine the industrial relations practices of three large European food retailers when they transfer the hypermarket format to other countries. We ask, first, how industrial relations in hypermarkets differ from those in other food retailing outlets. Second, we examine how far the approach characteristic of each company’s country-of-origin (Germany, France and the UK) shapes the practices adopted elsewhere. Third, we ask how they respond to the specific industrial relations systems of each host country (Turkey, Poland, Ireland and Spain).
Dupuis, Mathieu. "Les stratégies syndicales face aux restructurations d’entreprises : une étude comparative des contre-pouvoirs syndicaux dans le secteur des équipementiers automobiles en France et au Canada." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16056.
Full textThis thesis examines the impacts of the restructuring of multinational enterprises on trade union strategies. Are local union strategies an outcome of national institutional embeddedness and organizational contingencies, or can unions in fact influence core elements of corporate decision-making vis-à-vis restructuring? This research speaks to major scholarly debates concerning economic globalization, corporate restructuring, and union organization. In terms of theory, this thesis addresses three large analytical approaches, these being: neo-institutionalism and opportunity structures; critical political economy and the question of union power; and critical economic geography in relation to contingencies, embeddedness, and competition across borders. Drawing from these three theories, this research proposes a new multidisciplinary model of analysis for research on union strategies. In terms of methodology, this thesis is structured around four case studies of local unions in two countries (Canada and France) and a specific sector (automobile equipment manufacturers). Three qualitative sources are at the heart of this thesis: descriptive statistics, documentation from secondary sources, and semi-structured interviews (44), primarily focused union actors. This thesis analyzes union strategies within and across jurisdictions to elucidate their ramifications for firms and workers, particularly in the context of restructuring. The principal contributions of this thesis touch on: 1. the impacts of power resources developed by local unions on institutional opportunity structures; 2. the importance of cognitive aspects of strategy and its implications for power in a multi-level context; and 3. the importance of social embeddedness and social relations between unions and employers; 4. the omnipresence of international/national/regional/local competition in the automobile equipment manufacturing sector; and 5. the importance of trade-offs and relationships between business players from the vantage point of contingency theory to understand the structural facets of local union action. This research invites social actors to rethink their strategies concerning corporate restructuring. In particular, local unions should explore new strategic repertoires of action for responding the new challenges pertaining to economic change and restructuring.
Tsai, Pang-Chuan, and 蔡邦權. "Research on Strategic Configuration of Enterprise's Development from the View of Entrepreneurial Process – Based on Franbo Lines Corporation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93519144092430384955.
Full text正修科技大學
經營管理研究所
99
To be an entrepreneur is a dream for most people, and entrepreneurship can constitute modern organizations, the basis of economic and social foundation. Through the value of entrepreneurship, it can encourage people positively thinking in the face of the predicament. This research takes author’s company as the example to point out strategic configuration during entrepreneurial process that reflects the background of transporting history in Taiwan. Therefore the findings will make recommendations to the future entrepreneur. This research adopts the Narrative Inquiry method to observe and review the whole stage of case company, including initial stage of less resource till stage at present. The results shows entrepreneurial process is zero-sum game and winner takes all. So the entrepreneur must possess firm will and entrepreneurship to probe into industry's knowledge to draft the important business decision, with objective analysis of the reality and experienced judgment. Through accumulated technical ability and specialty, entrepreneurs take the challenge under high pressure at every stages of entrepreneurial process. To construct future roadmap of company with every stage’s flexible strategic configuration to reach the purpose, that is corporation transformation and value-added upgrade. The practical operation of strategic configuration start to focus on operational efficiency to become bigger one, that is Chartering back under lack of funds in initial stage; Chartering out at growth stage to stabilize the growth rate and share the operation risk. Meanwhile it’s important to explore the core competence and to establish competitive advantage of corporation along with effective market analysis and long-time input.
Robinson, Jonathan William. "William of Ockham's Early Theory of Property Rights: Sources, Texts, and Contexts." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24864.
Full textFranczak, Piotr. "Metody regulacji spółek zagranicznych w prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3219.
Full textThe subject of the thesis was the assessment of methods with which legal systems regulate foreign companies. Foreign company was understood as a company which has been incorporated by a foreign legal system and which is recognized by this system as its own. A comparative research was carried out in the dissertation, covering legal systems of selected English, German and French speaking countries, as well as Polish and Dutch law.Crucial for the dissertation was the distinction between the conflict-of-laws and substantive methods and its main thesis was that the conflict-of-laws method is used too often and should yield precedence to the substantive method in some cases.Among modern conflict-of-laws regulations of foreign companies three groups can be distinguished. First, solutions which subject all legal events and legal relations of a company to substantial law which did not necessarily create the company. The most important instance of the regulations of this kind is the real seat theory. Potentially it removes from authority of the law of incorporation, among others, legal events which include public acts and organizational legal relations – whereas those can effectively be governed only by the law of incorporation. Only within the law of incorporation relevant public acts have been issued and only to this law organizational legal relations have been adjusted. The second category of the conflict-of-laws regulations consists in solutions which always indicate parent law of a company as applicable. They include especially the theory of incorporation. In fact, these solutions refrain from regulation of corporate relations of foreign companies. The third group consists in limited conflict-of-laws regulations which subject to their own substantive law only selected relations of foreign companies closely connected with their country. They are practically oriented and usually cover relations which are suitable for effective conflict-of-laws regulation.Two most important categories of substantive regulations of foreign companies are the recognition and provisions imposing additional obligations on parties of corporate relations. The recognition consists in extension of legal effects which arose under a foreign legal system to the recognizing system. It should be applied to legal events which include constitutive public acts and to organizational relations. Provisions imposing additional obligations on foreign companies or persons involved in them do not regulate directly corporate relations. Above all, they require from foreign companies disclosure of certain information in the register of the admitting country and appointment of a representative and indication of an address there. They may, however, impose on persons involved in a company an obligation to specifically arrange its corporate relations and in this manner indirectly regulate these relations. Legal sanctions for breach of these provisions may resemble actual consequences of use of the real seat theory, but their application does not result in problems associated with the conflict-of-laws regulation.The most important question with respect to the Polish Act on the Private International Law is interpretation of the term “seat”, which the Act uses to designate law applicable to legal entities. It should be understood as the seat set in articles of association and not as the real seat. This results from the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which mandates that a company transferring its real seat within the European Economic Area be recognized as the company of the country of its incorporation. Although the Polish Act provides that transfer of the seat within the EEA does not result in loss of legal personality of the company, nevertheless this exception is not broad enough to satisfy requirements of the European law. Many functional arguments also speak in favour of the statutory seat theory.