Journal articles: 'Corporations – France'

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Kilar, Wioletta. "Spatial Concentration of IT Corporation Headquarters." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 25 (January 15, 2014): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.25.4.

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This paper analyses spatial concentration of IT corporation headquarters (HQs) with the intention to identify the countries where IT corporation headquarters are concentrated. According to the research, from 2003 to 2011, the most dominant IT corporations had their headquarters in the USA, Japan and Taiwan, as these countries created the best conditions for their operations. In European countries, the highest number of company headquarters was reported in France, Germany and Switzerland. An analysis of the economic potential indicator showed that, over that period, IT corporations were growing dispersed in the global space. The phenomenon manifested itself by a drop in the number of corporations placing their headquarters in the USA and Japan, which translated into dispersed economic potential that, by the time, had been concentrated in these countries. Furthermore, newly emerging corporations from China, Ireland, India, the Netherlands, Mexico and Malaysia increased their importance in the sales structure. The high degree of economic concentration of IT corporations was confirmed by the synthetic metric of the economic potential, calculated on the basis of: the number of corporations, sales value, profit, the value of their assets and their market value.

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Kingston, Christopher. "Marine Insurance in Philadelphia During the Quasi-War with France, 1795–1801." Journal of Economic History 71, no. 1 (2011): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050711000064.

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Until the 1790s marine insurance in the United States was organized by brokers and underwritten by private individuals. Beginning in 1792, however, the private underwriters had to compete with newly formed marine insurance corporations. Each organizational form had advantages and disadvantages. This article uses archival data from a private underwriter and a corporation to study how the competition between these different organizational forms was affected by a powerful exogenous shock which substantially increased the risks to American merchant shipping in the late 1790s: the “Quasi-War” between the United States and France.

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Tell, Michael. "Corporate Bonds in Denmark." Intertax 43, Issue 8/9 (2015): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2015052.

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Corporate financing is the choice between capital generated by the corporation and capital from external investors. However, since the financial crisis shook the markets in 2007–2008, financing opportunities through the classical means of financing have decreased. As a result, corporations have to think in alternative ways such as issuing corporate bonds. A market for corporate bonds exists in countries such as Norway, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, while Denmark is still behind in this trend. Some large Danish corporations have instead used foreign corporate bonds markets. However, NASDAQ OMX has introduced the First North Bond Market in December 2012 and new regulatory framework came into place in 2014, which may contribute to a Danish based corporate bond market. The purpose of this article is to present the regulatory changes in Denmark in relation to corporate bonds. The purpose is further to analyse the tax consequences of issuing bonds in both a direct issue of bonds and through securitization.

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Guinnane, Timothy, Ron Harris, Naomi R. Lamoreaux, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. "Putting the Corporation in its Place." Enterprise & Society 8, no. 3 (2007): 687–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700006224.

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This article challenges the idea that the corporation is a globally superior form of business organization and that the Anglo-American common-law is more conducive to economic development than the code-based legal systems characteristic of continental Europe. Although the corporation had important advantages over the main alternative form of organization (partnerships), it also had disadvantages that limited its appeal to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As a result, when businesses were provided with an intermediate choice, the private limited liability company (PLLC) that combined the advantages of legal personhood and joint stock with a flexible internal organizational structure, most chose not to organize as corporations. This article tracks the changes that occurred in the menu of business organizational forms in two common-law countries (the United Kingdom and the United States) and two countries governed by legal codes (France and Germany) and presents data showing the rapidity with which firms in each country responded to enabling legislation for PLLCs. We show that the PLLC was introduced first and most easily in a code country (Germany) and last and with the most difficulty in a commonlaw country (the United States). Late introduction was associated with prolonged use of the partnership form, suggesting that the disadvantages of corporations did indeed weigh heavily on SMEs.

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Vasylieva, Valentyna, and Anatolii Kostruba. "Corporate law in Ukraine within the framework of approaching the European Union standards." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.37.

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The article is devoted to adaptation of the national corporate law to the law of European Union`s corporations. Special attention has been given to define the legal nature of the corporation. It is concluded that there is no established understanding of the above concepts in national legal science. The main approaches to the corporate legal nature in particular European systems of justice - in FRG, France, England - are considered in depth. Significant differences between the legislation of Ukraine and legislation of the European Union countries based on the history of their development and peculiarities of specific national systems of justice are detected. The regulation of corporate relations in the European Union at supranational level is considered. It is concluded that the European Union supranational law is its corporate law. The priority areas for unification of European corporate law at the supranational level are analyzed. The main instruments to adjust the activities of corporations in EU law are identified to be the Directives aimed at harmonizing and unifying national legislation of EU Member States.

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Sonkeng, Katja. "Sport and Society in Global France: Nations, Migrations, Corporations (Studies in Modern and Contemporary France)." International Journal of Sport Communication 12, no. 3 (2019): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2019-0053.

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Ornstein, Michael. "The Canadian Corporate Network in Comparative Perspective." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 1 (2003): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913303100418753.

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AbstractThis paper compares the network of Canadian corporate directorships to the networks of ten rich nations described by Stokman, Ziegler, and Scott. The analysis tests claims about the exceptional weakness and disorganization of the Canadian capitalist class, due to high foreign ownership and dependence on resource extraction. The Canadian network is neither unusually sparse nor fragmented; there is no pronounced cleavage between, or subordination of, non-financial corporations to financial corporations; nor do the foreign-controlled corporations constitute an alternative centre or fragment of the network. It resembles the networks of countries such as Germany and France. The findings are consistent with the managerial and class cohesion models of the network, which emphasize its unity.

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Staszczak, Dariusz Eligiusz. "CHANGES IN THE COLLECTIVE HEGEMONY OF STATE-POWERS AND TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY." sj-economics scientific journal 17, no. 2 (2015): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v17i2.403.

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This paper bases on the idea of the global collective hegemony of state-powers and transnational corporations that stabilizes the economic and political world system Author stresses changes of this hegemony in the beginning of XXI century because of a relative drop of the economic position of the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan and because of the growth of the economic position and political power of China and Germany. Moreover, an increase of global importance of transnational corporations gives them opportunities to influence on the state politics.

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Kilar, Wioletta, and Monika Cieluch. "Kształtowanie się i organizacja przestrzenna korporacji ponadnarodowej Honda." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 10 (January 1, 2008): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.10.16.

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Considering the market value of the company in Business Week ranking “The Global” for the years 2003–2005, Honda Motor was fluctuating around the 100th place. In 2005 the value of the corporation increased in relation to the previous year and equaled $51, 96 billion. However, in the car corporations category, Honda Motor is ranked second, after Toyota Motor (with market value $158.20 billion), and the third car corporation Daimler Chrysler is worth $51,28 billion.The origin of the Honda corporation dates back to the 1920’s, when Soichiro Honda (1906–1991) started producing motorbikes during the post-war crisis period. In March 1948, he was joined by Takeo Fujisawa (1915–1989) with whom Soichiro Honda founded Honda Motor Corporation. Contemporarily, the organizational structure of the Honda Corporation is based on multilevel management. At present, the organizational basis is six Regional Offices, located all over the world, subject on executive level to the Chairman of the Board and ten directors. The company’s headquarters is in Tokyo, but it has its production and distribution branches located in Japan, USA, Canada, Mexico, GB, France, I taly, Spain, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brazil and Turkey.

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Grafshonkina, Anastasia A., and Arina R. Shaykhutdinova. "The Establishment of Professional Corporations of Lawyers in European Countries." History of state and law 4 (April 29, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-4-75-80.

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The article analyzes the problem of formation communities of lawyers in European countries. The authors summarized the experience of creating professional legal communities in Great Britain, France and Germany. An analysis of this issue in the direction of the history of law and the state is important for the development of civil society institutions in the modern world.

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Alvarez, Ignacio. "Financialization, non-financial corporations and income inequality: the case of France." Socio-Economic Review 13, no. 3 (2015): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwv007.

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Crifo, Patricia, Rodolphe Durand, and Jean-Pascal Gond. "Encouraging Investors to Enable Corporate Sustainability Transitions: The Case of Responsible Investment in France." Organization & Environment 32, no. 2 (2019): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026619848145.

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This article studies the case of the socially responsible investment industry in France. This case accounts for how the socially responsible investment category and practices have successfully moved from the margins of the industry in the late 1990s to become mainstream over two decades. We bring to the forefront the importance of three complementary factors in the process of causing corporations to transition toward more sustainable businesses: the role of investors and, in particular, institutional investors; the importance of the presence of a clear category definition and of intermediary organizations, providing ratings, scores, and other calculative devices; and the role of governments and regulators. With other studies, this case stresses the fundamental influence of investors in how corporations manage sustainability transitions.

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Dewar, Helen. "Agents, Institutions, and French Empire/State Formation." Canadian Historical Review 102, no. 1 (2021): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-2020-0026.

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This article explores the ways in which historians of New France are engaging with Atlantic, imperial, and comparative frameworks, as well as theoretical literature to better understand big historical processes such as state and empire formation and sovereignty. It also shows how traditional categories separating political, economic, social, and religious phenomena are breaking down, allowing for a deeper understanding of the ways in which their interactions shaped French imperial expansion. Empire formation depended on both agents and institutions. Going beyond the traditionally narrow conceptions of each, the article examines the widening range of actors who are now considered agents of empire as well as the recent move beyond Church and state to consider other institutions, notably the understudied chartered company. The latter is particularly fruitful for rethinking the relationship among traditionally separate groups of actors and institutions. Resituating the Company of New France in Atlantic, imperial, and comparative frameworks highlights the complex intertwining of religious, political, economic, and social phenomena that was at the heart of French imperialism. The article closes with a brief discussion of the parallels to nineteenth-century railroad corporations and their relationship with the state to highlight the evolving dynamic between states and corporations in a broader chronology. Finally, a number of avenues are proposed for future research into that relationship, for which New France and the French empire are particularly rich sites of inquiry.

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Jorda, Henri. "Les recompositions de l'artisanat : des corporations à la « première entreprise de France »." Marché et organisations 1, no. 1 (2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/maorg.001.0039.

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Gorbachev, Mikhail V., Ivan A. Bronnikov, and Ilia I. Geraskin. "Communication channels of protesters in the context of digital globalization: National specifics and opportunities for cross-country functioning." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Sociology. Politology 22, no. 2 (2022): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2022-22-2-206-214.

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The article considers the mechanisms of media corporations’ influence on the process of designing and coordinating political protests in the USA, France, China, Belarus, and the Russian Federation in the context of digital globalization. Methodological basis of the research consists of the methods of case study and comparative analysis. The authors study five cases reflecting the specifics of communication channels through which national digitalization scenarios of political protest are implemented and carry out comparative analysis based on the authors’ criteria. Features and patterns of the functioning of the protesters’ communication channels within social media are identified. Possibilities of cross-country functioning of these channels with information and technological support of modern media corporations are predicted.

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Dupuis, Mathieu. "How do local unions strategize against multinational corporations’ restructuring threats? Some insights from France." Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, no. 1 (2017): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x16684555.

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This article explores local trade union strategies in the context of multinational corporations’ (MNCs) restructuring in French auto suppliers. From a theoretical standpoint, this study proposes a multidimensional analytic framework confronting three different, yet complementary, approaches: (1) the relative power of unions and how this power manifests itself in the social relations between actors; (2) the national institutions and opportunity structures that constrain actor choices; and (3) the contingencies relating to the structures of multinational firms and their production sites. From a methodological standpoint, the article compares two different local cases (France-1, France-2) that have experienced restructuring threats from their parent MNCs. The core data of this research are based on semi-structured interviews with elected union representatives from both sites, as well as expert witnesses at various levels within the sector. This article argues that unions’ strategies are best understood as a function of power resources and capabilities, social relationships at different levels, and types of MNC governance. In particular, the article argues that local trade unions should develop ‘cognitive’ power, a strategic capability, in order to impact decision-making in multinational corporations.

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Crowston, Clare Haru. "L’apprentissage hors des corporations. Les formations professionnelles alternatives à Paris sous l’Ancien Régime." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 60, no. 2 (2005): 409–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900025014.

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RésuméLes règlements corporatifs décrivent l’apprentissage comme une formation professionnelle individualisée donnée par un maître artisan ou marchand à un jeune destiné, à terme, à devenir maître lui-même. Les historiens ont eu tendance à faire leur cette façon de voir au point d’identifier la formation professionnelle et la reproduction de la force de travail dans la France d’Ancien Régime avec l’apprentissage défini par son lien avec le monde corporatif. Ce parti pris paraît pourtant discutable dès lors qu’on reconnaît la multiplicité des circuits de formation dans la France du XVIIIe siècle et leur interaction complexe avec le monde des métiers. étudiant le cas parisien, l’auteur souligne en particulier l’importance d’institutions comme l’Hôpital de La Trinité, les apprentissages subventionnés par les paroisses et les programmes de formation professionnelle mis en place par des écoles de charité destinée à doter les filles de compétences susceptibles de leur donner accès au marché du travail qualifié.

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Chandler, Andrea. "Women on Corporate Boards: A Comparison of Parliamentary Discourse in the United Kingdom and France." Politics & Gender 12, no. 03 (2016): 443–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x15000574.

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In 2013 the European Commission presented a draft directive calling for member states to increase the presence of women on corporate boards. Some countries, such as France, have taken a quota approach by passing legislation requiring corporations to increase the numbers of women on their boards over time, while the governments of other states, such as the United Kingdom, have preferred measures to encourage corporations to have more inclusive boards. While there is a growing literature on the impact that an increased presence of women can have on corporate boards, as well as a solid feminist literature on the role of quotas in political structures, there has been relatively little attention to the specific ways in which political actors have viewed the question of women on corporate boards. This article compares the ways in which quotas for women in corporate boards have been examined by the legislatures of the United Kingdom and France, with attention also to parliamentary debates in Canada and Russia. It is hypothesized that variations in political discourse help explain why conservative governments adopted such different approaches toward gender balance on corporate boards.

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Curran, Conor. "Cathal Kilcline, Sport and Society in Global France. Nations, Migrations, Corporations." International Journal of the History of Sport 38, no. 12 (2021): 1292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2021.1995835.

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Cordonnier, Laurent, Thomas Dallery, Vincent Duwicquet, Jordan Melmies, and Franck Van de velde. "The (Over)Cost of Capital: Financialization and Nonfinancial Corporations in France (1961–2011)." Review of Political Economy 31, no. 3 (2019): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2019.1706265.

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Djaballah, Mathieu, Christopher Hautbois, and Michel Desbordes. "Sponsors’ CSR strategies in sport: A sensemaking approach of corporations established in France." Sport Management Review 20, no. 2 (2017): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.07.002.

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Turpin, Dominique. "Le rôle de l'État dans l'élaboration des choix énergétiques et le rôle plus spécifique des différentes institutions publiques en France." Les Cahiers de droit 24, no. 4 (2005): 737–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042568ar.

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This paper surveys the role of the key governmental institutions in the making of energy policy in France. It shows that in spite of fairly extensive debate of the issues in both chambers of the French National Assembly since the mid-1970s, members of parliament have so far failed to make a significant impact on decision-making in the field of energy. Part of this is due to the strength of the Cabinet's influence over the National Assembly, and to its constitutional position as policy-maker. Moreover, in spite of a vast array of departmental branches and associated agencies directly under ministerial authority, the government's power may have been more formal than real. Much of the actual decision-making is made by experts employed by the large State or privately-owned corporations. This extensive network of closely connected energy-producing corporations appears to have been, and to remain, the real seat of power, in spite of recurrent hopes for, and attempts at, democratization.

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PILBEAM, PAMELA. "DREAM WORLDS? RELIGION AND THE EARLY SOCIALISTS IN FRANCE." Historical Journal 43, no. 2 (2000): 499–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008924.

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This article gives chronology, nuance, and context to an analysis of how early socialist attitudes to religion changed. It asks why socialists argued with increasing fervour between the early 1830s and 1848 that social reform had to be rooted in spiritual as well as moral values. Two of the largest groups, the Icarians and the Fourierists, moved from a rational deism to Christianity. Both were driven by the need to defend themselves from accusations of immorality levelled against Fourier and the Saint-Simonians because of their rejection of monogamous marriage. The Fourierists, strongly influenced by their dominant female members, transformed Fourier's diety into a Christian God. Cabet, under pressure of ‘moral outrage’ from his critics, did likewise and found that this corresponded to the experiences of the Icarians in their artisan organizations. The religion of the early socialists was a democratic and a pragmatic morality, derived from artisan corporations, and seen as a vital base for fraternal association which was their solution to the ills of society.

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Webster, Emily. "Information Disclosure and the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: Climate-Related Risk in the UK and France." Journal of Environmental Law 32, no. 2 (2019): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz034.

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Abstract Over the last several years there has been increasing recognition and acceptance of the threat that climate change poses to global financial stability and the concurrent need for corporations to identify and account for both climate risks and their impacts on the environment. This has resulted in the emergence of climate risk disclosure (CRD) as a voluntary standard as well as movement on the domestic level to introduce mandatory CRD, demonstrated by the introduction of CRD framework legislation in France. This article conducts a comparative analysis of France and the UK—countries that are adopting divergent methods of legal development towards CRD—to analyse the potential of CRD as a policy tool to aid towards climate change mitigation and the transition to a low-carbon economy, and evaluate how effectively this is being achieved in practice.

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Plum, Timothy. "Book Review: <em>Last Train to Auschwitz The French National Railways and the Journey to Accountability</em>." Genocide Studies and Prevention 15, no. 2 (2021): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.15.2.1839.

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The book Last Train to Auschwitz: The French National Railways and the Journey to Accountability, written by Sarah Federman traces the SNCF’s journey toward accountability in France and the United States. Told from the Holocaust survivors’ perspective the volume illustrates the long-term effects of the railroad’s complicity with the Nazis on individuals, and transitional justice that leads to corporate accountability. In a time when corporations are increasingly granted the same rights as people, Federman’s detailed account demonstrates the obligations businesses to atone for aiding and abetting governments in committing atrocities.

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Pulignano, Valeria. "Bringing labour markets ‘back in’: Restructuring international businesses in Europe." Economic and Industrial Democracy 32, no. 4 (2011): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x10392395.

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This article argues that labour market institutional differences need to be taken more into account to explain the diversity in restructuring processes undertaken by multinational companies (MNCs) within national contexts in Europe. Using an in-depth case study analysis of 12 international corporations affected by diverse restructuring processes in the Netherlands, Italy, France, Austria, Denmark, Ireland and Sweden, local social partners’ responses to change are seen to be shaped within their national frameworks. However, more variation is found among (and within) national labour market systems, which implies a dynamic version of institutional variations.

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Comet, Catherine. "How does the inner circle shape the policy-planning network in France?" Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 4 (2017): 1021–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx051.

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Abstract Policy-planning organizations have undergone significant development in France over the last two decades. Interconnecting the economic, political and intellectual elites, their study merits particular attention. This paper examines the active involvement of the business community in these organizations to highlight its role in the policy-planning process. Focusing on the top 100 corporations and the top 40 policy organizations, it analyses the structure of their interlocking directorates. The cohesion of the policy-planning network significantly relies on the brokering role of a few business leaders and economists. The network discloses a core-periphery structure and a left–right polarization. The results shed light on the relative convergence among the main policy organizations and the relegation of less consensual organizations to the network periphery.

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Dolan, Claire. "Liturgies urbaines et rapports sociaux en France au XVIe siècle : fascination militaire, quartiers et corporations de métiers." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 5, no. 1 (2006): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031074ar.

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Résumé Démonstration de pouvoir, l'entrée royale dans les bonnes villes de France donne en spectacle la relation entre la royauté et ses villes mais elle fournit aussi aux urbains Ioccasion de se représenter eux-mêmes. L'objectif méthodologique de cet article est de vérifier si les descriptions d'entrées sont utilisables pour reconstruire le tissu social spécifique de chaque ville. Cet article s'attarde sur l'un des éléments de cette entrée : le cortège urbain qui, en « belle ordonnance », franchit les murs pour aller accueillir le roi à quelques lieues de la ville. La représentation quon y trouve du « peuple de la ville » montre que l'entrée révèle moins le corps social urbain que le système d'encadrement de ce corps social. D'abord regroupé par métiers, le « peuple de la ville » perd bientôt sa spécificité pour former un tout confondu à l'intérieur du défilé militaire qui se généralise au XVIe siècle. L'article met d'abord en évidence la fascination pour la chose militaire qui se développe au XVIe siècle et qui confère à la symbolique des armes un caractère à la fois politique et festif. Il s'interroge ensuite sur les rapports sociaux mis en scène par le cortège urbain et évalue la place du quartier par rapport au métier comme système d'encadrement, en comparant diverses entrées à travers la France.

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Campbell, Bruce A. "Social Federalism: The Constitutional Position of Nonprofit Corporations in Nineteenth-Century America." Law and History Review 8, no. 2 (1990): 149–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743990.

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The importance of voluntary associations is apparent to all who study the development of American society in the nineteenth century. Observations made by the perceptive nineteenth-century traveler Alexis de Tocqueville have become an obligatory cliché in historical writing on the subject:Americans of all ages, all conditions, and all dispositions constantly form associations. They have not only commercial and manufacturing companies,… but associations of a thousand other kinds, religious, moral, serious, futile, general or restricted, enormous or diminutive. The Americans make associations to give entertainments, to found seminaries, to build inns, to construct churches, to diffuse books, to send missionaries to the antipodes; in this manner they found hospitals, prisons, and schools. If it is proposed to inculcate some truth or to foster some feeling by the encouragement of a great example, they form a society. Wherever at the head of some new undertaking you see the government in France, or a man of rank in England, in the United States you will be sure to find an association.

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Hunjak Stula, Vladimir. "Development aid benefits for donor countries." Medjunarodni problemi 74, no. 2 (2022): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp2202255h.

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The article is based on the doctoral dissertation: ?International Development Aid as an Instrument for Achieving the Foreign Policy Objectives of France and Germany?. The main hypothesis of this article is that development aid is being used as an instrument for achieving foreign policy objectives and that it is, in this sense, primarily beneficial for donor countries. The article analyses the developmental inequality in the modern global capitalist order and the impact of corporations and development aid on the maintenance of such a system. The article focuses on two main EU member states: the Republic of France and the Federal Republic of Germany. By shifting the paradigm from the one in which less developed countries benefit the most from development aid policies to the one in which, in the long run, the countries that initiate these policies benefit the most, the article shows that larger and politically and economically more powerful countries use development aid policies to promote their own interests and achieve their foreign policy goals.

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Piwnica, Fabrice. "Les résistances à l'introduction du libéralisme en France. Le témoignage des mémoires des corporations en 1776." Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 40, no. 1 (1993): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhmc.1993.1659.

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Stratiuk, O. M. "Theoretical And Legal Approaches To The Concept Of «Corporation» In Legal Families." Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no. 51 (August 6, 2019): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.51.65-76.

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The article analyzes the scientific views on the concepts of «legal entity» and «corporation» formed in different legal systems, indicating either the identity of these concepts, or their heterogeneity by deducing a number of common and distinct features. Determined that in the Anglo-American legal system, the corporation is seen as a collective term, which should be understood by business associations and nonbusiness capital entities created to meet social objectives. It is proved that in EU law the concept of «corporation» is not identical with that of a legal entity, although a considerable number of types of legal entities are proposed to be included in the list of legal entities. In the countries of the continental legal system (France, Germany, Switzerland, Russia, Ukraine, etc.) the term «corporation» is rarely used in the law. This concept is used mainly in literary sources. Corporations include: various types of companies (full and limited partnerships, joint stock companies and other companies, members of which are limited liability for the obligations of the company), business associations (groups, trade unions, holdings, etc.), cooperatives, leases and state-owned enterprises, as well as various non-economic unions and associations. The main difference between the range of legal entities in the Anglo-American and Continental legal families is that in the first case, the terms «legal entity» and «corporation» are correlated as interchangeable concepts, and in the other case, the possibility of correlation between the concepts of «legal entity» and «corporation» depends on the approach of the legislation of the country to the definition of their organizational and legal forms and the formation in the scientific circles of the criteria for their separation or integration into one or another concept, or the introduction of this concept into the existing legislation of the EU country with a clear list of organizational and legal forms. Therefore, every legal family has their own approaches to the concept of «corporation».

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Dupuis, Mathieu. "Crafting alternatives to corporate restructuring: Politics, institutions and union power in France and Canada." European Journal of Industrial Relations 24, no. 1 (2017): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680117704036.

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This article explores how local trade unionists mobilize politics and institutions in the face of threats of restructuring. I focus on three issues: first, how differences in regime types and institutional ‘densities’ affect plant closures; second, power and the social relationships of local actors; and third, contingencies relating to the organizational characteristics of multinational corporations. I compare two workplaces in France and two in Canada in order to explain variations in union strategy, and find that the power resources and strategic capabilities of local unions that were decisive: unions that could effectively ‘invent’ alternative visions for their plants’ futures were most successful in mitigating negative outcomes from restructuring. I conclude by discussing the role of the state in plant closures and how unions can engage in contentious politics in an era of economic restructuring.

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Grant, Jeremy, and Thomas Kirchmaier. "Corporate control in Europe." Corporate Ownership and Control 2, no. 2 (2005): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i2p6.

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Control devices are a common practice in Europe, used to increase the influence of a dominant shareholder upon the firm beyond his/her cash flow rights. They are often very powerful devices which limit the effective control of corporations to a small group of shareholders, and can be utilized to extract private benefits of control. In this paper, we aim to provide an understanding how these devices work in principal and then examine how they are used in the main Western European economies (France, Italy, Germany, Spain and the UK), in light of the recent changes of legislation and despite improvements in the efficiency of capital markets.

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Berk, Gerald. "Adversaries by Design: Railroads and the American State, 1887–1916." Journal of Policy History 5, no. 3 (1993): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007259.

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It has become commonplace to acknowledge the exceptionally adversarial nature of business-government relations in the United States. When compared to their counterparts in Germany, France, Japan, and the Nordic countries, American business executives have much more autonomy from the state; and yet, there is also greater distrust between business and government. Such adversarial relations, many students of comparative political economy argue, puts the United States in the late twentieth century at a disadvantage. Faced with competitors in the world market who cooperate with their respective governments on investment, training, and long-term sectoral development, American corporations compete in global markets under a considerable handicap.

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Chikulaev, R. V. "Corporations and Corporate Financial Instruments in Russian and Foreign Law." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 52 (2021): 285–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2021-52-285-320.

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Introduction: the paper investigates the legal regime of corporate financial instruments in the context of the convergence of the world legal systems taking into account historically determined national differentiation. We study the legal regime of corporate financial instruments with respect to the status peculiarities of a corporation as a subject of legal relations and the regime characteristics of a financial instrument as a legal object. The purpose of the study is to analyze and generalize the legal experience of economically developed countries and to explain the modern legal content of the concept ‘corporate financial instrument’ against the related legal terms ‘securities’, ‘financial instrument’, ‘corporation’; to reveal major problems in the doctrine and positive legal regulation. Methods: comparative-legal, formal-logical, historical, analytical, empirical methods, and legal modeling. Results: the analysis of Russian and foreign experience made it possible for us to explain the specific nature of the legal status of corporation as the main component of modern economic systems, which determines special legal regimes of financial instruments that provide certain corporate rights. Conclusions: in terms of comparative analysis, of special interest is legal experience of such countries as Germany, France, Great Britain, and the USA since these countries show a higher level in the development of corporate legal forms and financial markets. Since early 1990s, Russia has been demonstrating high rates in the formation of the system of financial instruments circulation, which, with respect to the legal development of the corporate legal entity doctrine, brings Russian legal system closer to the world major legal systems. In the light of the focus on the sustainable economic development and defense of state interests with the use of modern digitalization methods, this also objectifies and makes currently relevant the development of the national legal regime of the corporate financial instrument based on the international legal experience.

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Tlaiss, Hayfaa A., Pascal Martin, and Mahrane Hofaidhllaoui. "Talent retention: evidence from a multinational firm in France." Employee Relations 39, no. 4 (2017): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2016-0130.

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Purpose While multinational corporations appear to understand the importance of talent retention (TR) for maintaining their competitive advantage, they continue to struggle to identify and develop strategies to retain talent. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore how talent is identified, and more importantly, how it is retained within the context of a multinational firm in France. Design/methodology/approach This study is exploratory in nature and capitalizes on a case study methodology through which in-depth, open-ended interviews with partners and managers were conducted. Findings The findings suggest that TR is approached in an arbitrary and ad hoc manner. They also reveal that TR practices are mostly motivated by the direct costs associated with a failure to retain talent, and less with the indirect costs and loss of tacit knowledge. Of considerable interest is the finding that despite the use of utilitarian power via incentives to promote TR, the focus is mostly on normative power via workplace culture and organizational norms. Originality/value This study is the first to explore TR in the context of one of the Big Four accounting firms in France and among the few to extend the use of Etzioni’s (1975) model of compliance to TR research and to a French context. The originality of this study is also derived from its ability to explain the factors impacting TR, how talent is retained in practice, and the gap between the ideals and reality.

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Contu, Alessia, Florence Palpacuer, and Nicolas Balas. "Multinational corporations’ politics and resistance to plant shutdowns: A comparative case study in the south of France." Human Relations 66, no. 3 (2013): 363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726712469547.

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Waters, Sarah. "Workplace Suicide and States of Denial: The France Telecom and Foxconn Cases Compared." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 15, no. 1 (2017): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v15i1.801.

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Workplace suicides are sharply on the rise and reflect a generalised deterioration in working conditions across the globalised economy. Despite their growing prevalence, workplace suicides are subject to specific modes of repression that tend to keep them hidden from public view. Suicides and their social recognition threaten the vested interests of corporate and political elites by giving material embodiment to relations of production in the form of extreme human suffering. This article focuses on 'suicide waves' at two distant corporations in the information and communications sector: in France, the telecoms provider, France Télécom (rebranded Orange in 2013) and in China, electronics supplier, Foxconn. Drawing on Stanley Cohen's notion of 'states of denial', the article examines the tactics used by corporate and political elites in an effort to keep the suicides concealed. These include discourses that denied the suicides, individualised their causes and repressive tactics intended to control information and impede investigations. Recognising workplace suicides and the forms of repression that seek to occlude them, is crucial if we are to confront the profound human costs of a new international division of digital labour on lived experiences of work.

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Hörisch, Jacob, Roger Leonard Burritt, Katherine L. Christ, and Stefan Schaltegger. "Legal systems, internationalization and corporate sustainability. An empirical analysis of the influence of national and international authorities." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 17, no. 5 (2017): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-08-2016-0169.

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Purpose This paper aims to compare the influence of different legal systems on corporate sustainability management practices. Against the background of growing internationalization of business activities, it additionally considers whether internationalization allows companies to circumvent the influence of national authorities. Design/methodology/approach Three legal systems are compared using regression analyses of more than 200 large corporations in five countries: common law (USA and Australia), German code law (Germany) and French code law (France and Spain). Findings The impact of national and international authorities is found to be strongest in French code law countries. In addition, the influence of international authorities is stronger for corporations with higher shares of international sales. For both national and international authorities, the degree of internationalization is found to moderate the influence of the legal system on corporate sustainability practices. Practical implications The legal system in place influences the relative effectiveness of national and international authorities over company sustainability practices and needs to be taken into account in policymaking. To be effective, international authorities need to work with or substitute for national authorities in promoting corporate sustainability practices in countries depending on their legal systems. Originality/value This research applies and quantitatively tests La Porta’s (1998) framework on legal systems in the new context of corporate sustainability.

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Ervine, Jonathan. "Cathal Kilcline, Sport and Society in Global France: Nations, Migrations, Corporations (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019) 348 pp." Irish Journal of French Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7173/164913319827945864.

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Recours, Robin. "Cathal Kilcline (2019). Sport and Society in Global France: Nations, Migrations, Corporations. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 348 p." Staps 129, no. 3 (2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sta.129.0119.

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Lichy, Jessica, and Kevin Pon. "The role of (foreign?) culture on consumer buying behaviour: What changes when living abroad?" TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (2013): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v1i1.418.

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Contemporary notions of marketing - such as international subcultures, the Information Society and the global village - would lead us to believe that consumers have access to and consume an abundance of products from different countries. In the light of increasing standardisation by global corporations, it follows the assumption that there will be a gradual convergence in consumer behaviour. This study explores the consumer behaviour of Anglo-Saxons living in the Rhône-Alpes area of south-east France - with reference to country-of-origin (COO) effects when shopping for food produce. Building on studies of acculturation, the research sets out to explore the extent to which specific factors such as price, gender, age and length of residence in a foreign country may have an influence on consumer choice when purchasing groceries, in relation to the COO.

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Aslanian, Sebouh David. "A Life Lived Across Continents: The Global Microhistory of an Armenian Agent of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales, 1666–1688." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 73, no. 1 (2018): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahsse.2020.10.

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In 1666, French finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert hired Martin di Marcara Avachinz, an Armenian merchant who had lived in Iran and India, as an agent for his newly established Compagnie des Indes orientales. In 1669, shortly after the Armenian had secured a royal edict from the sultan Of Golconda to set up a French trading center in the port of Masulipatam, he was summarily arrested, tortured, and sent to France by his superior François Caron. This article provides a close reading of the legal briefs or factums produced during the sensational trial that followed Marcara’s release from prison in 1675. In tracing a “global microhistory” of his life across continents, it seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of early modern long-distance trade in the Indian Ocean, comparing the network of the CIO and other joint-stock corporations with the “stateless” nature of the trade diaspora of Armenian merchants from the township of New Julfa on the outskirts of the Safavid capital Isfahan. Finally, the article considers the role of factums in early modern France and explores how the “exceptionally normal” story of Marcara’s life provides a useful window onto French perceptions of the Orient and the fear induced by communities such as Armenian and Indian merchants, bankers, and brokers.

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Jacobs, Otto H., and Otto H. Jacobs. "The Financing and Taxation of Corporations - A Comparing Analysis for the EC-Member Countries Germany, France and Great Britain." Intertax 21, Issue 1 (1993): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi1993002.

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Palpacuer, Florence, Amélie Seignour, and Corinne Vercher. "Financialization, Globalization and the Management of Skilled Employees: Towards a Market-Based HRM Model in Large Corporations in France." British Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 3 (2010): 560–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00785.x.

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Gumb, Bernard, and Alan Fustec. "The Story of the French Touch on "Immatériels": A Retrospective." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 3 (June 2014): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2013-003004.

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The present paper aims to trace the recent tendencies, in France, around the concept of "actifs immatériels", including both intangible assets and intellectual capital. In its first part we develop semantic and contextual specificities which might explain the late engagement on such topics by French scholars. The second part is about observed trends and initiatives, some in which the authors were involved. The section has two parts, one on academic and institutional initiatives and the other on corporations and individuals who have entered the field, especially after 2006. The third part comes to critical perspectives on intangibles, leading to a discussion where the broad concept of actifs immatériels provides a framework for understanding economics not only on the company level, but also on the state level. The resulting "dialectic immaterialism" thus provides a relevant rereading of new capitalism.

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Borowicz, Aleksandra. "The shift of the policy towards FDI in European Union: determinants and challenges." European Integration Studies 1, no. 14 (2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.14.27556.

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Since 2016, a change in the policy on foreign direct investment (FDI) can be observed in the European Union. This change was significantly influenced by global processes, which resulted in a particular interest in direct investments carried out by transnational corporations from China, India or Russia. In particular, countries such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, observed a significant increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises in 2010-2016. Therefore, in 2018 the process of creating a European Screening Mechanism was initiated, which entered into force in March 2019. At the same time, at the end of 2019, the outbreak of a COVID-19 virus pandemic stopped the process of further globalization by breaking global supply chains, and by restricting the flow of goods, people and capital. Keywords: FDI, screening mechanism, European Union, globalization, COVID-19.

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Kurchenkov, Vladimir, and Olga Makarenko. "Evolution of the Development of the Public Sector of Economy: Domestic and Foreign Experience." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 2 (September 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2020.2.4.

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The article examines the process of the formation and development of the public sector of Russian economy in the historical retrospective. The main stages of the systemic transformation of the elements of the public sector in certain historical conditions are highlighted. The features of the formation of a corporate model of the public sector at the present stage of the evolution of Russian economy are determined in the article. The authors pay attention to the substantiation of the growing role of state corporations in the structure of the state sector. Along with the study of evolutionary processes in the public sector of Russian economy, the article examines the foreign experience of leading countries in this aspect. Specifically, the features of the evolutionary transformation of the public sector in countries such as Austria, France, Germany, Greece, etc. are considered by the authors. In the recent history of Russia, three main stages of the systemic evolution of the public sector are identified: formation (1991–2007), transformation into a corporate structure (2007–2014), stabilization (2014–2019). The article explores the characteristics of each stage. The research results can be used in the development of the theory of the public sector, determination of the features of its evolutionary transformation, as well as in practical sense, in the development of concepts and strategies for the growth of public corporations in the long term, increasing the efficiency of leading public sector enterprises, as well as their competitiveness in global competition.

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Dunlap, Alexander. "Bureaucratic land grabbing for infrastructural colonization: renewable energy, L’Amassada, and resistance in southern France." Human Geography 13, no. 2 (2020): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620918041.

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Governments and corporations exclaim that “energy transition” to “renewable energy” is going to mitigate ecological catastrophe. French President Emmanuel Macron makes such declarations, but what is the reality of energy infrastructure development? Examining the development of a distributional energy transformer substation in the village of Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu, this article argues that “green” infrastructures are creating conflict and ecological degradation and are the material expression of climate catastrophe. Since 1999, the Aveyron region of southern France has become a desirable area of the so-called renewable energy development, triggering a proliferation of energy infrastructure, including a new transformer substation in St. Victor. Corresponding with this spread of “green” infrastructure has been a 10-year resistance campaign against the transformer. In December 2014, the campaign extended to building a protest site, and ZAD, in the place of the transformer called L’Amassada. Drawing on critical agrarian studies, political ecology, and human geography literatures, the article discusses the arrival process of the transformer, corrupt political behavior, misinformation, and the process of bureaucratic land grabbing. This also documents repression against L’Amassada and their relationship with the Gilets Jaunes “societies in movement.” Finally, the notion of infrastructural colonization is elaborated, demonstrating its relevance to understanding the onslaught of climate and ecological crisis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Corporations – France'

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