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Journal articles on the topic 'Corporationts'
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1
Ziegel, Jacob S. "Is incorporation (with Iimited Iiability) too easily available ?" Les Cahiers de droit 31, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 1075–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043055ar.
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The incorporation of new businesses in Canada is remarkably cheap and easy, both under the Canada Business Corporations Act and under the provincial corporations statutes. The benefits conferred on shareholders by incorporation are obvious and well known, particularly the advantage of limited liability. Easy incorporation however also imposes significant burdens on the corporation's voluntary and involuntary creditors if the corporation cannot meet its liabilities. The author examines the various statutory and judicially created techniques for restraining the abuse of the corporate form, and finds them seriously deficient. Nevertheless, he sees no likelihood of the legislature reversing a century old trend either by making incorporation much more difficult or by denying directors or shareholders in closely held corporations the protection of limited liability. He concludes therefore that ''second order'' remedies are much more realistic, even if less efficient. He also recommends several new remedies, including the requirement that all corporations must file a copy of their financial statements in a public office and that directors will be held personally responsible for the corporation's debts if the corporation continues to trade when it is clear that it is insolvent and likely to remain so.
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Liu, Hong, Lu Ma, and Panpan Huang. "When organizational complexity helps corporation improve its performance." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-05-2013-0071.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the assertion that the relationship between corporation performance and organizational complexity follows an inverted U-shape curve, and a corporation gains the best performance when its organizational complexity fits its environmental complexity. Design/methodology/approach – This research did not directly measure environmental complexity to verify the relationship between corporation performance and complex environment, but measured organizational complexity to subtly display the effect of the organizational complexity on the corporation performance while controlled the environmental complexity. To do so, a set of corporations that shared the similar environment was selected, and then these corporations’ performance and organizational complexity were calculated, the related hypotheses were tested empirically. Findings – The paper proved the inverted U-shape relationship between organizational complexity and corporation performance, and also found that different corporation chooses different complex adaptive way, so the inverted U-shape relationship displays hierarchy. Research limitations/implications – Future research should search out to calculate corporation’s environment complexity the fitness of organizational complexity for testing hypotheses. Practical implications – The regularity of relationship between organizational complexity and corporation performance is helpful for managers to understand that a way to improve a corporation’s performance is to enhance the fitness of organizational complexity and environmental complexity. Social implications – Organizational complexity may be competitive advantage, but excessive growth of it will be harmful. Originality/value – Usually organizational complexity is thought of as a negative factor to corporation performance and tends to be constrained, but this research explored the role of organizational complexity to corporation performance and the findings helps managers to understand when to enhance organizational complexity and when to weaken it. The methodology of calculating the fitness of organizational complexity and environmental complexity by fixing environment is a contribution to complexity theory research.
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Guenther, David. "Of Bodies Politic and Pecuniary: A Brief History of Corporate Purpose." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 9.1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.9.1.bodies.
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American corporate law has long drawn a bright line between for-profit and non-profit corporations. In recent years, hybrid or social enterprises have increasingly put this bright-line distinction to the test. This Article asks what we can learn about the purpose of the American business corporation by examining its history and development in the United States in its formative period from roughly 1780-1860. This brief history of corporate purpose suggests that the duty to maximize profits in the for-profit corporation is a relatively recent development. Historically, the American business corporation grew out of an earlier form of corporation that was neither for-profit nor nonprofit in today’s parlance but rather, served a multitude of municipal, religious, charitable, educational, and eventually business purposes in early nineteenth-century New England. The purposes of early American business corporations—rather than maximization of profit to private shareholders— were often overtly public, involving development of local transportation, finance, and other much-needed economic infrastructure. With the rise of factory-based manufacturing, railroads, and other capital-intensive industries in the middle decades of the nineteenth century and the advent of general incorporation statutes, the purpose of the American business corporation shifted fundamentally from public to private. By 1860, the stage was set for the modern firm. This Article concludes that the corporation has no intrinsic purpose. The corporation’s defining features are separate legal personality and the ability to aggregate capital toward any otherwise lawful end, whether for-profit or nonprofit. Social enterprises today more closely resemble the early American business corporation than the profit-maximizing modern firm. Social enterprise should be seen less as a legally uncertain novelty than a return to the business corporation’s nineteenth-century American roots. Finally, this Article suggests potential limitations for social enterprise.
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Liang, Xiaobei, Xiaojuan Hu, and Hu Meng. "Truly Sustainability or Hypocrisy: The Effects of Corporate Sustainable Orientation on Consumers’ Quality Perception and Trust Based on Evidence from China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072735.
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Sustainable initiatives have been widely fulfilled by corporations, which can acquire better reputations by performing environmental, social, and economic responsibilities. However, if a corporation’s propaganda about sustainable orientation is contrary to the actual action, or even does not have a clear orientation, then it may also fall into the reputation of hypocrisy. In this study, from the perspective of consumer behavior and based on the moral responsibility theory of corporate sustainability, we identify six types of sustainable corporations by their orientations toward sustainability, including value, goals, and structure. We empirically examine their direct effects on consumers’ sustainable quality perception and trust, as well as the moderating effects of corporate social responsibility associations and consumer–corporation identity. Data are collected in China; 203 adults participated in the survey. The results reveal that the types of sustainable goals and structure have a significant effect on consumers’ sustainable quality perception and trust. Furthermore, consumers’ perception is also positively associated with their trust in a corporation. Moreover, the consumer–corporation identity negatively moderates the relationship between perception and trust. These findings also bring theoretical and practical insights for governments and corporations.
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Kilar, Wioletta. "Corporations as an Object of Research in Geography of Industry." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 32, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.324.4.
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Today, corporations play an important role in the global, national and local economy. Regardless of the business profile, degree of internationalisation or size, they participate in numerous economic processes, which is why they are the subject of research in geography of industry, especially in geography of enterprises. The main goal of the article is to review research related to corporations in Polish literature on the subject in the field of geography of industry. The author also aims at organising the concept of corporations, presenting closer their classifications, as well as indicating the place of research on corporations in geography. The preparation of the article began with a literature query, as well as an analysis of the existing data (desk research). As a result, the analysis of the concept of a corporation, various types of classifications and divisions of corporations, as well as a literature review of the subject in terms of the corporation’s research issues were made. As the research carried out indicates, in Polish literature on the issues of geography of industry, the researchers who concentrate on corporations look at the concentration of their head offices, theory and location factors, shaping processes and location of production, service and various branches, network connections, strategies implemented by corporations and their organisational forms, processes of corporation influence on international conditions for the development of domestic and regional systems and industrial enterprises, stimulation of inflow of foreign direct investment, the influence of corporations on the shaping of various industrial sectors, export relations, the role of cities in globalisation processes and the location of the corporation and their effects, as well as on corporate CSR activities.
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Demers, Robert. "Achat et rachat d'actions en vertu de la Loi régissant les sociétés commerciales canadiennes." Articles 22, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042423ar.
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The power to purchase its own shares by a corporation constitutes the most remarkable innovation in recent company legislations throughout Canada. This article deals primarily with the power to acquire shares under the Canada Business Corporations Act and the exercise of this power, subject to various conditions relating to the corporation's solvency and directors' duties. In a wider perspective, the rights of creditors of the corporation are analysed and the clear transition from a concept of the corporate capital as a trust fund for creditors to a concept of capital as a practical planning device emerges from the analysis.
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Lee, Kyungtag, and Hyunchul Lee. "How Does CSR Activity Affect Sustainable Growth and Value of Corporations? Evidence from Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020508.
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This study explores the relationship between Korean listed companies’ corporation social responsibility (CSR) activities and their sustainable growth and valuation, focusing specifically on the nonlinear aspect. The nonlinear quantile regressions used in this study reported that CSR activities increased corporation value exclusively in the middle-range groups (i.e., τ_25, τ_50, τ_75) of Tobin’s q, a proxy for corporation growth and value. However, the linear ordinary least squares (OLS) regression did not indicate similar results. Our findings also showed that CSR activities affect the valuation of Korean listed corporations in a nonlinear, rather than in a linear way. Considering that most prior studies are devoted to reporting linear results from classical ordinary least squares estimations between CSR activities and corporation value, our study fills the gap in the literature. The findings of this study may provide corporation managers and researchers with valuable data concerning a corporation’s optimal investment point for their CSR activities for sustainable growth and the maximization of corporation value.
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Liu, Yun, Greg Wang, and Yu Chen. "Why Are Corporations Willing to Take on Public CSR? An Organizational Traits Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020524.
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Corporation social responsibility includes the relational responsibility for the contractual stakeholders (relational CSR) and the public responsibility for the whole society (public CSR). In this paper, we examined the effect of organizational virtuousness on a corporation’s public CSR behavior and the moderating effect of organizational identity orientation between them. To test our hypothesis, we collected and analyzed a sample from 88 corporations and 742 respondents through questionnaires. Our results show that organizational virtuousness is positively associated with a corporation’s public CSR behavior, and this positive effect is moderated by organizational identity orientation. Among them, individualistic and collectivistic identity orientation positively moderates the relationship between organizational virtuousness and public CSR, while relational identity orientation negatively moderates the relationship between them. Our results suggest that a virtuous corporation does not necessarily have more willingness to take on public CSR than its counterparts, because the intention also depends on the type of identity orientation possessed by the virtuous corporation. In order to improve the enthusiasm of enterprises to take on public CSR, in addition to cultivating the virtue of organizations, different management measures should be taken according to the identity orientation of organizations.
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Chan, Gary KY. "Corporate defamation: reputation, rights and remedies." Legal Studies 33, no. 2 (June 2013): 264–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2012.00258.x.
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This paper examines fundamental issues concerning a corporation's right to sue for defamatory attacks on its reputation, the scope of the right and the remedies available. It first outlines the opposed positions in England and Australia, respectively. It also argues that a corporation, save for a government corporation that exercises governmental functions based on markedly different rationales, should have the right to sue in defamation premised on the concept of corporate reputation as property and for the purpose of vindicating its reputation. On the question of remedies, a corporation should be entitled to recover special damages as reparation for damage to reputation provided they are proved. This paper considers, instead of presumed damages, alternative remedies for vindicating corporate reputation. Finally, it examines the business and non-business reputations of both trading and non-trading corporations in relation to claims for damages.
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Ha, Dam Bich, Dam Gia Manh, and Doan Van Anh. "The System of Management Accounting Information to Support Decision Making in Business." Accounting and Finance Research 7, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n1p99.
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Strategy planning for competitive advantage and high effectiveness is always a target of every corporation. Nowadays, in times of wider and deeper international integration in the economy, along with industrialization and modernization, establishing and installing an information system which supports Vietnamese corporations in operation and decision-making has become pressing and necessary. Despite of successes in using the information system to make business decisions for a few years, Vietnamese corporations need to solve matters to improve it.The article deals with basic theoretical matters of the information system in decision-making support and the fact of using it in Vietnam. It has also analyzed, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of establishing an information system in business decision-making support, suggest Vietnamese corporation’s models and solutions promote the system aiming to competitiveness and effectiveness in business.
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Avanesova, Nina, Sulaiman Tahajuddin, Olha Hetman, Yuliia Serhiienko, and Vyacheslav Makedon. "STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM MODEL OF THE CORPORATE ENTERPRISE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Economics and Finance 9, no. 1 (2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51586/2311-3413.2021.9.1.18.30.
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The article describes organizational and methodological components of using strategic management within a framework of corporate governance and development. The authors have formed a range of methodological provisions, regarding the choice of a marketing strategy by the corporate enterprise. They identified the main recourse flows within the framework of the used strategies. They also determined the strategic management components, required for providing efficiency of the corporations’ physical resources formation and use. They developed a graphical model for the determination of the corporation’s strategic position on the market. It was proved that a functional strategy involves a close correlation between the management and incorporated ownership relations, manifesting itself in a strategy in the field of finance of the corporation, ensuring corporation industrial stability, effective use of physical resources, the formation of the cash resources funds in the established amount, real property management and caretaking control, etc. The authors offered a methodology for conducting a strategic evaluation of the corporation in the basic market conditions.
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Pletnev, D. A., and E. V. Kozlova. "Institutional Structure of Corporations (the Case of Large Russian Corporations)." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 18, no. 1 (2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-1.6.
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Modern corporation is the main form of social production but its activity and development still remain a largely underex-plored question. Economic theory predominantly relies on simplified approaches based on mathematical modeling to study cor-porations, which gives us little in-depth understanding of the essence of this phenomenon. On the other hand, applied research on corporations does not rise to the level of theoretically significant generalizations. This paper proposes the following theoretical and methodological approach to analyzing the phenomenon of corporation: we identify institutional elements in its structure — institutions and routines. We use the cases of the largest Russian companies to demonstrate the possibility of using this approach to analyze specific corporations and their aggregates. The paper describes nine different routines that structure corporate actors’ interactions based on social norms, coercion, and private interest. We also conduct an analysis of the official sites of Russian cor-porations and sites with employee feedback, which leads us to evaluating each institution’s development from the triad: coercion, assistance, and opportunism. We found a significant correlation between the development level of each corporation’s institutional structure and its efficiency (profitability of sales and capitalization growth rate).
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Wang, Guo Zhen, Zi Yue Wang, and Yuan Jie Li. "The Impact of Free Cash Flow and Capital Structure on the Performance of the Company." Applied Mechanics and Materials 623 (August 2014): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.623.305.
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This paper studied the impact of free cash flow and capital structure on the performance of the company. It is based on the theories of the free cash flow and the capital structure, combined with the actual situation of China, using different property listed corporations’ sample, makes an empirical study on the impact of free cash flow and capital structure on the performance of the company. The result shows that on the one hand, having more free cash flow will cause negative effects on the performance of corporation, on the other hand, with the increase in liabilities financing, the listed corporation's performance fall.
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Graf, Ferdinand, and Martin Dittgen. "Networks and News in Credit Risk Management." Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital: Volume 52, Issue 2 52, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.52.2.229.
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Abstract The presumably most important function of a corporation is the establishment and management of connections to customers, suppliers, investors, debtors and competitors. All these connections may produce profits or bear risks. Hence, the isolated inspection of a corporation (or also a sovereign) may be insufficient. Instead, the economic environment of a corporation and its connections should be included in its valuation. Usually, this is done via manual and hardly standardized processes with their associated large efforts. This article presents a new method to analyze business news and to build up a network of corporations based on business news. To this end, we search in news articles from Reuters and Bloomberg for corporation names or synonyms and assume a connection exists between two corporations if the corporations are mentioned together frequently. Based on these connections, we (1) build up a network for the S&P500 companies, (2) identify groups therein to validate the approach manually and (3) test, whether corporations with many connections and a particularly favorable position in the network receive better rating grades compared to corporations with fewer connections and an average network position. The latter is equivalent to the question of whether a corporation’s connections are a driver of the firm value. Moreover, we use the business news to measure a corporation’s publicity and sentiment, and relate these to the corporation’s rating as well. Our empirical results indicate that the network properties, the sentiment and the media attention are contained in respectively affect the rating grade. Hence, the incorporation of news in the firm valuation – as it is done by many financial institutions – is reasonable. The factors mentioned above increase the explanatory power of our regression model significantly. Since many corporations have sufficient news coverage for our approach but are not rated from a rating agency, and hence must be rated with internal models, our approach may support manual processes in financial institutions and reduce efforts and costs. Zusammenfassung Eine der zentralen aber oft unterschätzten Aufgaben von Unternehmen ist der Aufbau und die Pflege von Beziehungen zu Kunden, Lieferanten, Gläubigern, Investoren oder auch Konkurrenten, aus denen Profite und gegebenenfalls auch Risiken resultieren. Daher ist die isolierte Betrachtung eines Unternehmens (oder auch eines Staates) für dessen Bewertung oft nicht ausreichend. Stattdessen sollten das wirtschaftliche Umfeld eines Unternehmens und die Verbindungen eines Unternehmens direkt in dessen Bewertung einfließen. Deren zumeist qualitative, wenig standardisierte Analyse verursacht bei Kreditinstituten meist hohe Aufwände. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Analyse von Unternehmensnachrichten und die Herleitung von Netzwerken dieser Unternehmen aus deren Unternehmensnachrichten. Hierzu suchen wir in Nachrichten von Reuters und Bloomberg nach Unternehmensnennungen und gehen von einer Verbindung zwischen zwei Unternehmen aus, wenn diese häufig in denselben Nachrichten genannt werden. Aufgrund dieser Verbindungen (1) erzeugen wir ein Netzwerk für die Unternehmen im S&P500, (2) identifizieren nicht-triviale Unternehmensgruppen und (3) testen, ob gut vernetzte Unternehmen eine bessere Bonitätsnote von den Ratingagenturen erhalten als weniger gut vernetzte Unternehmen. Letzteres ist gleichbedeutend mit der Fragestellung, ob eine gute, zentrale Positionierung eines Unternehmens in einem Netzwerk einen messbaren Mehrwert für das Unternehmen schafft, der sich im Rating niederschlägt. Darüber hinaus nutzen wir die Unternehmensnachrichten auch dazu um Kennzahlen abzuleiten, die die Aufmerksamkeit und die Stimmung der Nachrichtenlage unternehmensspezifisch messen und somit das wirtschaftliche Umfeld eines Unternehmens quantifizieren. Bezüglich dieser Kennzahlen überprüfen wir ebenfalls, ob sie einen messbaren Einfluss auf die Ratingnoten haben. Unsere Ergebnisse legen nah, dass sich sowohl Netzwerkeigenschaften als auch die Nachrichtenlage in der Bonitätseinschätzung niederschlagen. Diese Kennzahlen steigern den Erklärungsgrad unseres Shadow-Rating Modells erheblich. Da viele Unternehmen eine für unseren Ansatz hinreichende Nachrichtenabdeckung besitzen, aber kein Agenturrating, kann unser Ansatz besonders bei der Bewertung von Adressrisiken mit internen Modellen manuelle Prozesse ablösen und zu Effizienzsteigerungen führen. JEL Classification: G14, L14, D85
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Huang, Chiu, Chao, and Arniati. "Critical Success Factors in Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning Systems for Sustainable Corporations." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 6785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236785.
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More and more companies are significantly introducing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to secure enterprise resources for effective distribution and provide accurate data for sustainable development in enterprise. Recently, Type B laboratory has promoted the utilization of the corporation’s own sustainable developments of the business model philosophy to affect the society and to solve social and environmental issues. The form of organizations arising from this certification process is referred to as the B Corporation, and this represents the implementation and commitment to sustainable development. Thus, decision-makers of B Corporation who can utilize ERP system tools well can coordinate sustainable activities better. There is not enough literature at this stage to provide the key success factors of implementing the ERP system for the B Corporation in Taiwan. This study extensively reviews the literature and conducts a modified Delphi expert questionnaire survey to elucidate the critical success factors of B Corporations’ implementation of ERP systems. The research results can assist the sustainable value of B Corporation and contribute to the current literature of improving critical success factors. The limitation of this study is that it only represents the perspective of B Corporation in Taiwan. Second, this study is unable to encompass all key success factors (CSFs) pertaining to ERP systems.
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Barr, Trevor. "The BBC Charter Review." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v4n1.50.
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Both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) are being subjected to close scrutiny, but from different quarters. During the lead up to the British general election in 2015, the Cameron Conservative government issued a Green Paper, BBC Charter Review, July-October 2015, which broke new ground in terms of the scope of such an enquiry for its level of institutional criticism. Whilst ostensibly the document only purported to raise options for future change, and invited public submissions for consideration, there has been widespread concern about the possible serious intentions of the government for the corporation’s future. Though the ABC appears to be subject to much less vitriolic attack than its British counterpart, it too faces a range of threats and abuses. Paradoxically, such aggressive scrutiny comes at a time when both broadcasting corporations enjoy record audiences, continuing high levels of public trust, and on-line market leadership as a result their successful development of new digital platforms.
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Barr, Trevor. "The BBC Charter Review." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v4n1.50.
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Both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) are being subjected to close scrutiny, but from different quarters. During the lead up to the British general election in 2015, the Cameron Conservative government issued a Green Paper, BBC Charter Review, July-October 2015, which broke new ground in terms of the scope of such an enquiry for its level of institutional criticism. Whilst ostensibly the document only purported to raise options for future change, and invited public submissions for consideration, there has been widespread concern about the possible serious intentions of the government for the corporation’s future. Though the ABC appears to be subject to much less vitriolic attack than its British counterpart, it too faces a range of threats and abuses. Paradoxically, such aggressive scrutiny comes at a time when both broadcasting corporations enjoy record audiences, continuing high levels of public trust, and on-line market leadership as a result their successful development of new digital platforms.
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Zamula, Olena, Oleksii Zamula, and Iryna Uhrimova. "FORMATION OF A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AN INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Economic Analysis, no. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.090.
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Introduction. The development of a modern society is determined by the interaction of various state, commercial and public organizations, which have their own principles, traditions and values, on which the behavior of individuals is based. In such a case, an urgent problem for industrial corporations is finding a value-oriented idea to develop a system of careful management of the environment and taking into account the interests of all stakeholders. It must be accepted by consumers, staff and business owners, without which its successful implementation is impossible. For this purpose, the whole process, from the development of the idea to the control of the obtained results, should be carried out on the basis of scientifically substantiated methodical and practical recommendations for the choice of appropriate management measures that will maximally contribute to the sustainable development of the enterprise. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop a management system for an industrial corporation’s sustainable development while minimizing the losses caused by the realization of financial, technological and environmental risks. Methodology. The methodology of the work is based on the method of systematic analysis in describing а management system for an industrial corporation’s sustainable development, and management methods in the development of management measures. Results. The results of the article are to formulate the definition of "management system for an industrial corporation’s sustainable development " as a system in which executives of various levels exercise on the environmental, economic and social elements of the managed subsystem of industrial corporations a purposeful set of measures to ensure positive changes in socio-economic indicators of activity loss while minimizing caused by the realization of risks associated with the effects of financial, environmental, technological and human factors. In order to achieve sustainable development goals, industrial corporation executives are invited to choose a set of measures for the environmental, economic and social elements of the managed subsystem, which should include: organizational changes to identify the centers of decision-making responsibility, identify signs of risk realization and prevent the occurrence of appropriate risks and optimizing the distribution of results of industrial corporation activities among stakeholders.
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Ibsaini, Ibsaini, and Mahdi Syahbandir. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH (Suatu Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Tipikor Banda Aceh)." LEGITIMASI: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v7i1.3965.
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This research examines a corporation responsibility in the corruption of governmental goods and services procurements. This research applies juridical empirical approach. In accordance with the Act of Corruption Suppression, the liability of the corruption cases of corporation is also involves its corporation regarding the corruption. Pursuant to Article 20 (1) in terms of the corruption committed by and over the name of a corporation, the charges and sentences can be impose toward the corporation and its administrators. However, at the Court for Corruption in Aceh (2013-2017), there are 36 cases of corruptions committed by the corporations that have never been held liable on them, meaning that the corporation has never been convicted due to the commission. This research is purposed to know the forms of corruption committed by corporations at the Court for Corruption in Banda Aceh, reasons for not being held the corporations liable for the corruption, and legal impact that might rise if the corporations are not held liable for corruption.
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Sedláček, Jaroslav, and Daniel Němec. "Interest and tax burden on corporations in the Czech industrial and banking sector after 2008." Review of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2018-0021.
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Abstract The present paper deals with the interest and tax burden of corporations in the Czech industrial and banking sector as well as with the identification of the differences between the two sectors, including the evaluation of their developmental trends in the period after the economic and financial crisis of 2008. The interest and tax burden on business entities is determined by negative cash flows that reduce the value of their assets and equity. The basis of the research is the analysis of both components of the financial burden on corporations in these sectors over the past eight years and the identification of factors influencing their capital structure and performance. According to DuPont's equation, the burden is expressed by interest and the tax reduction of corporation's earnings before interest and taxes. The amount of the financial burden depends on the macroeconomic environment where the corporations operate. Our analysis identified an asynchronous dependence between the real payments and changes in the interest and tax rates. The reduction of both rates has had a positive effect on the performance of Czech corporations and increased their capital resources. They became more attractive to foreign investors, and the return on invested capital improved. Based on the results of the analysis, we evaluated the differences in the performance of the average corporation in the banking and industrial sectors.
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Pletnev, Dmitri, Ekaterina Nikolaeva, and Zinfira Bitkulova. "ANALYSIS OF VALUE ADDED DISTRIBUTION AND LEVEL OF TRANSACTION COSTS IN THE RUSSIAN CORPORATIONS." CBU International Conference Proceedings 2 (July 1, 2014): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v2.449.
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Modern understanding of the corporation as an integrated system driven by a common goal of profit maximization has brought both economic theory and management practices to a deadlock. Incorrect understanding of the modern corporation’s core, as well as inability to adequately assess them, became one of the causes of the global economic crisis. One of the promising “reanimation” options of the modern firm theory is the institutional approach. However, this approach is in dire need of measurable operational criteria and indicators that would tie business practices together with their basic theoretical categories: institute, contract, and transaction costs.The scope of this paper is to offer and demonstrate the possibilities of testing methodology for assessing the corporation as an institutional unit of an economic system. To do so, we propose a new approach in the assessment of institutional compliance of the corporations with the expectations of their major subjects. It is based on estimating the distribution of the gross added value between the subjects. Moreover, the technique of assessing the level of transaction costs in corporations, based on data accounting, is proposed. The methods were tested on examples of real Russian metallurgical industry corporations as reported between 2003 and 2012. The presence of a statistically significant negative connection between the share of value added revenue and level of transaction costs, as well as between the share of value added at the owners disposal and the transaction costs level, was established. The presence of a statistically significant positive connection between the level of transaction costs and share of value added, at the disposal of workers, was established.
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Alashi, Shahad A., and Dhuha H. Badi. "The Role of Governance in Achieving Sustainable Cybersecurity for Business Corporations." Journal of Information Security and Cybercrimes Research 3, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/eint7997.
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The study discusses the role of governance in the sustainability of cybersecurity for business corporations. Its objectives focus on tracking technology developments and their impact on industrial espionage attacks and theft of industrial intellectual property. It also identifies the indicators and effects of such espionage and theft on business corporations. The study is based on the content analysis methodology for analyzing intellectual production pertinent to cybersecurity governance and industrial cyber espionage. The study concludes that relying on information and communication technology without adopting a cybersecurity integrated approach including technical, organizational, and social measures leads to the disclosure of a corporation’s trade secrets by unauthorized persons. Moreover, loss of competitive advantage and damage to the corporate’s financial affairs and reputation may occur. The most important indicators of the study predicting dangers affecting business corporations are the absence of a strategic plan for cybersecurity, inefficient programs for training and cybersecurity awareness, and a lack of secure infrastructure. The vulnerability of business corporations to breaches has many implications. The study shows that cybersecurity governance in turn prepares the corporation to encounter risks targeting its trade secrets. The study finds that there are three integrated elements processes, technology, and persons, for establishing an effective cybersecurity governance program. Accordingly, the main aspects of cybersecurity governance can be employed. The study highlights a range of challenges that business corporations may face when implementing the cybersecurity governance program. These challenges are related to cybersecurity strategy, unified processes, implementation and accountability, senior leadership control, and resources.
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Wilburn, Kathleen, and Ralph Wilburn. "Benefit Corporations." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 38, no. 2 (2019): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej201962182.
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More than half of the S&P 500 and the Fortune 500 companies publish corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. CSR is at the heart of a new form of corporation, the benefit corporation, which requires the pursuit of a social purpose as well as pursuit of profit. Thirty-four states, plus the District of Columbia, have enacted benefit corporation legislation. Most laws require that benefit corporations publish reports on their social purpose performance using a third-party assessment format. The purpose of this paper is to analyze 1,530 benefit corporations identified by B Lab and the state of Minnesota for proof of social purpose performance, as demonstrated in reports on their websites. The study found some companies with excellent reports, but those had had a CSR focus prior to becoming benefit corporations or had been Certified B Corporations. However, most benefit corporations in the study had no published reports; many have no websites.
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Gregg, Amanda, and Steven Nafziger. "Capital structure and corporate performance in late Imperial Russia." European Review of Economic History 23, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 446–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ereh/hey020.
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Abstract This article investigates the financing of corporations in industrialization’s early stages by examining new balance sheet data describing all Imperial Russian corporations in 1914. We emphasize differences between two Russian corporation types: share partnerships and A-corporations. Share partnerships issued greater dividends, were less likely to issue bonds, and had larger accounts payable. We find that capital structures varied with age, size, and sector according to modern corporate finance theories and that scaled profits did not demonstrate differential market power across corporation types. Thus, Russian corporations exhibited considerable financial flexibility, and reducing incorporation costs could have benefited the Imperial Russian economy.
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Permana, Wahyu Priyanka Nata. "SINKRONISASI PENANGANAN PERKARA PIDANA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH SUBJEK HUKUM KORPORASI." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 2, no. 1 (August 19, 2017): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v2i1.10817.
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Korporasi dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia telah ditempatkan sebagai subjek hukum tindak pidana yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. Dalam praktek penanganan perkara pidana yang melibatkan korporasi sebagai subjek hukum masih menemui kendala dalam prosedur dan tata cara pemeriksaan korporasi sebagai pelaku tindak pidana, oleh karena itu Mahkamah Agung RI dan Jaksa Agung RI mengeluarkan pedoman penanganan perkara tindak pidana oleh korporasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sinkronisai antara Peraturan Mahkamah Agung RI dengan Peraturan Jaksa Agung RI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif serta sumber data primer dan sekunder. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keseragaman dalam sebagian besar penangangan perkara pidana dalam Peraturan Jaksa Agung dengan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung, tetapi dalam pelaksanaan putusan pidana terhadap korporasi terdapat perbedaan ketika korporasi tidak membayar pidana denda dan harta korporasi tidak mencukupi untuk membayar denda tersebut. Terhadap hal-hal yang tidak diatur oleh Peraturan Jaksa Agung, berkenaan pemeriksaan terhadap korporasi dalam hal terjadi peleburan, penggabungan, pemisahan dan proses pembubaran korporasi telah termuat dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung.Corporations in the Indonesian legislation have been placed as criminal liability subject. In practice the handling of criminal cases involving corporations as legal subjects still encounters obstacles in the procedures and procedures of corporation examination as perpetrators of criminal acts, Therefore the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia and the Attorney General of Indonesia issued guidelines for handling criminal cases by corporations. This study aims to see the synchronization between the Regulation of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General's Regulation. The research method used is normative juridical with qualitative approach as well as primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study indicate the existence of uniformity in the majority of criminal case handling in the Attorney General's Regulation with the Supreme Court Regulation, but in the execution of criminal verdict against the corporation there is a difference when the corporation does not pay the fine, and the corporation's property is not sufficient to pay the fine. In respect of matters not governed by the Attorney General's Regulation, concerning the examination of the corporation in the event of a merger, merger, separation and dissolution process of the corporation has been contained in the Supreme Court Regulation
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Fox, Renata. "USING CORPUS LINGUISTICS TO DESCRIBE CORPORATIONS’ IDEOLOGIES." Tourism and hospitality management 12, no. 2 (December 2006): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.2.2.
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This article applies corpus linguistics to research the ideologies of Fortune 500 corporations as institutionalised through those corporations’ mission statements. The methodology used is both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative methodology relates to the semantics of corporations’ ideologies. More precisely, it explains the ideas, beliefs, meanings, and concepts found in corporations’ mission statements, the relation between those ideas, beliefs, meanings, and concepts and society, and what makes those ideas, beliefs, meanings, and concepts meaningful. Quantitative methodology relates to the description and comparison of corporations’ ideologies based on a corpus-driven approach and computational text analysis of a corpus of corporations’ mission statements. Ultimately, through its ideology a corporation creates a symbolic universe: “a matrix of all social and individual meanings” that determines the significance of the corporation and its stakeholders.
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Kusumastuti, Retno, and Azhar Kasim. "Corporate Governance in PT Lippo Karawaci Tbk." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v6i1.65.
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When mismanagement and misuse run rampant in giant corporations, as in the case of Enron in 2001, good corporate governance becomes mandatory. From the perspective of the agency theory, the separation of capital owners and management must lead to strictly applied good corporate governance. The purpose is to eliminate any disadvantages to the corporation's objective, namely providing added values to all relevant parties. The agency theory also covers two aspects: agency issues and agency costs. The research uses the qualitative approach and data is gathered through extensive interview, secondary data, and bibliography study. Key persons among the sources are selected based on specific criteria. Data validity is obtained through the triangulation technique, and the samples used are PT Lippo Karawaci Tbk and subsidiaries. The results show that governance practices are unique in each corporation, in accordance with their characteristics.
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Mulligan, John, and Bilal Rehman. "Corporate medical cultures: MD Anderson as a case study in American corporate medical values." Medical Humanities 46, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011556.
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This paper contributes to the evolving body of literature diagnosing the ‘business-like’ transformation of American medicine by historicising and recuperating the concepts of medical leadership and the corporation. In an analysis of the evolving uses of ‘leadership’ in medical literature, we argue that the term’s appeal derives from its ability to productively articulate the inevitable conflicts that arise between competing values in corporations, and so should be understood as a response to the neoliberal corporation’s false resolutions of conflict according to the single value of profit (or consumer welfare for the business-like non-profit). Drawing on mid-century theories of the corporation to reframe dominant social histories of medical corporatisation, we go on to argue that large medical institutions are productive sites for deliberation over the medical profession’s social contract. Our primary case study for this longer historical and broader theoretical argument is the MD Anderson Cancer Center, the world’s foremost treatment hospital for patients with cancer. We hold that the historical trajectory that led to MD Anderson’s exceptional but exemplary place in the evolution of American corporate medicine is reflective of historical trends in the practice.
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Linyiru, Dr Bruno Mugambi, and Dr Rutto Peter Ketyenya. "INFLUENCE OF PRO ACTIVENESS ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA." International Journal of Business Strategies 2, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ijbs.288.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of pro activeness on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design. The population of the research consists of the 187 state corporations in Kenya as at 2013. The unit of analysis was the state corporation. A purposive sample of 55 commercial state corporations was included in the study. The study used primary data gathered using questionnaires.Results: Results indicated that pro-activeness is a key determinant of firm performance for commercial state corporations in Kenya.Policy recommendation: The study recommended that state corporation steps up to promote pro-activeness among its employees.
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Chander, Anupam. "Unshackling Foreign Corporations: Kiobel’s Unexpected Legacy." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 4 (October 2013): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.4.0829.
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The Supreme Court’s ruling in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. disfavors American corporations. While largely unshackling foreign corporations from the risk of being haled before an American court to answer for human rights abuses abroad, the decision keeps American corporations constrained by human rights law. This inconsistency exists because application of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), as announced in Kiobel, turns on whether a corporation’s actions “touch and concern” the United States. American corporations are simply far more likely to satisfy that standard than foreign corporations.
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Zeldner, Alexey G., Sergey N. Silvestrov, and Vladimir S. Osipov. "Structure of State-owned Corporation’s Value Chain: Strategic Analysis." Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Management, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46486/0234-4505-2020-9-6-17.
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Relevance. The article discusses the structural and substantive aspects of state-owned corporations from the perspective of internal and external environment. The role of state-owned corporations in the Russian economy is growing more and more, individual industries are almost completely functioning on the basis of state-owned corporations, which makes a strategic analysis of such economic actors an urgent problem. The article provides a strategic analysis of the activities of state-owned corporations based on the value chain management methodology. Analysis of the external and internal environment of a state corporation allows us to conclude that despite the fact that economic actors that are legally dependent on a state-owned corporation operate on the basis of market principles, the state corporation itself, as a non-profit organization, performs the functions of the state to institutionalize relations between individual economic actors. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the institutionalizing role of state-owned corporations in relation to individual sectors of the economy. The objectives of the research are to identify trends in the development of state-owned corporations in modern Russia as agents of the state in embedding and coordinating links between economic actors in the strategic sectors of the Russian economy, as well as developing a model for the value chain of a state-owned corporation. The results of the research. Using the methodology of institutional and strategic analyses, the specific functions of state-owned corporations in coordinating inter-firm, intra-industry and inter-industry relations of economic actors in the strategic sectors of the Russian economy under the control of state-owned corporations have been identified. Despite criticism of the mechanism of manual administration of the economy, the article shows the need to establish links between economic actors by administrative methods and the establishment of legal control.
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Wong, Anson. "Corporate sustainability through non-financial risk management." Corporate Governance 14, no. 4 (July 29, 2014): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2013-0026.
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Purpose – This paper aims at highlighting the significance in developing non-financial risk management, emphasizing the need of managing environmental and social issues for enhancing corporate sustainability. Particularly, through discussing the implications of non-financial risk management, its benefits, opportunities and challenges will also be presented. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on authoritative academic literature, reports of corporations’ studies, current articles and documents, the researcher has managed to examine and construe the development and implications of non-financial risk management. Findings – Several key findings are covered in this article. First of all, environmental and social concerns are usually being deemed as intangible issues that need to be properly articulated and managed by an effective non-financial risk management system for enhancing corporate sustainability. Second, through different interpretations of sustainability, links could be drawn for highlighting the significance of non-financial risk management and corporate sustainability. Third, by explaining the impacts from non-financial risk management to sustainable development and profits, the article has illustrated corporate sustainability as a clear business case for any corporation. Fourth, challenges are also portrayed for the effective management of non-financial risk management by corporations. Finally, and most importantly, the need of a systematic and strategic non-financial risk management system for helping businesses to be more competitive, thus, moving closer to sustainable development, is discussed in this paper. Originality/value – The contribution of the article is thought to be significant. Although there exists a wide body of research on sustainable development, risk management and corporate sustainability, there is limited insight into how the corporations can effectively conceptualize such intangible or non-financial risk in relation to sustainability. Integrating environmental and social risks is critical to the effective management of any corporation’s real risks, and to improve resources allocation in a sustainable fashion. This demands a systematic and strategic identification of issues through non-financial risk management. Most significantly, this article has shown the way this can be achieved by any corporation, and the concepts can be applied globally.
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Van Auken, Howard E., and Tom Holman. "Financial Strategies of Small, Public Firms: A Comparative Analysis with Small, Private Firms and Large, Public Firms." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 20, no. 1 (October 1995): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879502000102.
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This study uses canonical correlation analysis to examine the Interrelationships among balance sheet accounts for 190 small, publicly traded corporations. The results suggest that small, public corporations manage risk with the concurrent use of cash and equity, use long-term assets as collateral for long-term debt, and use accounts payable and other current debt to finance receivables and Inventories. Small, public corporations have characteristics similar to both small, private businesses and large corporations, while having unique, Individual qualities. These findings can be attributed to the small, public corporation having greater access to the capital markets than the small, private business, but facing greater constraints than the large corporation In accessing those markets. These results Increase the understanding of the sources and uses of funds for the small, public corporations and Indicates that financing strategies tend to evolve as firms grow.
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Rogov, N. V., and I. V. Kazmina. "Features of property management of corporations of the military-industrial complex in the production of high-tech products." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-353-359.
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In the context of the systemic reform of the Russian economy, there is a tendency to the emergence of corporations in various sectors of the national economy. The military-industrial complex is no exception. The article deals with the specifics of property management of corporations of the military-industrial complex in the production of high-tech products. To achieve the strategic goals of the corporation, it is necessary to develop a strategy based on objective forecasts of the development of the arms market, taking into account potential external and internal risks, as well as an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the corporation. Corporate governance is based on the existing norms in the field of financial activities, securities, labor relations in the labor market, contractual obligations, and contractual activities between enterprises. It is proved that the adaptive development of corporations of the military-industrial complex directly depends on the competent organization of financial activities, as well as within its framework of credit and investment activities. The article presents the balance sheet model of financing of the defense industry corporation, which allows to form the budget of the defense industry corporation, based on the allocation of financial resources for the operation and development of the main activities of the defense industry corporation. One of the most important tasks of managing the property of corporations of the military-industrial complex is to provide opportunities for scientific and technological development, which, after commercialization, can create key strategic competitive advantages for enterprises of the defense industry corporation.
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Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain, and Zahir Rusyad. "PEMBAHARUAN CRIMINAL POLICY TENTANG SISTEM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI (Upaya Strategis dalam Penaggulangan Kejahatan Korporasi)." Widya Yuridika 1, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/wy.v1i2.747.
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Corporation crime is as extra ordinary crime we should fight against seriously. Great efforts must be made in order to remove this crime. Such effortst, however, are not in a direct proportion with the criminal policy serving as a base in its law enforcement. The criminal codes serving as the main legal law turn out just considering natural people as a subject of criminal law that may be criminaly assumed, instead of recognizing corporations as the subject of the criminal law, although in some corporation arrangements out of the criminal codes, there are some schemas that recognize corporations as a subject of law. Such arrangements, however are still doubtfully made, since the recognition of corporations as a subject of law in the law still denies the responsibility and comdemnation of corporation in the Indonesian criminal law still refer to a paradigm that position a person as a doer of crimes. As a result, although it is clear that the actor of crimes is a corporation, it is the natural person who should be responsible for the crime. Kata Kunci: korporasi, pertanggungjawaban pidana.
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Euler, Dimitrij. "Standards on transparency of publicly listed corporations: Information owed to the public?" Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3c1p5.
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The paper is about domestic laws’ response to the greater need of publicly listed corporation to be accountable to the public in accordance with international law. The paper is dedicated to the transparency of multinational corporations listed and incorporated in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Switzerland. Under these applicable laws, transparency of publicly listed corporations has significantly changed in the last decade. Some countries oblige corporations to disclose non-financial and financial information immediately; others merely require periodic reporting of financial information. In particular, the connection between Impact Investor, an investor that invests based on social or environmental criteria in addition to the financial performance, and the investment target, publicly listed corporations contributed to some change. The applicable law provides a minimum standard of transparency. This minimum standard defines how the reasonable investor invests in the publicly listed corporation. Depending on this standard, the responsibility owed by the publicly listed corporation extends from the shareholder, several stakeholders to the public. Reasons for these differences lie in the greater accountability of publicly listed corporations from shareholders, to stakeholders or even the public. The OECD’s different standard on Corporate Governance, the Ruggie principles and other recommendations of non-governmental organisations (NGO) keep shaping the accountability under the applicable law. These standards provide guidance to corporations to voluntarily implement greater responsibilities beyond the minimum standard in the form of Corporate Governance. However, once publicly listed corporations implement these standards, the applicable law seem to not adequately impose duties on publicly listed corporations to disclose the information under its self-imposed standard to stakeholders or even the public. The paper researches the problem of transparency of publicly listed corporations in European Union, in particular Germany and the United Kingdom, as well as the United States and Switzerland wither regard to impact investors. Its hypotheses is that the applicable law lacks clear wording that transfers voluntary standards into binding law. The paper will not focus on obligations of corporation established under contracts with groups of shareholders. It will also not focus on stock market programmes to audit corporations based on environmental and social criteria. The paper excludes inter partes obligations because they give the contracting party merely a right to rely on the disclosure. The paper will also not look at methods for evaluation of non-financial information with regard to publicly listed corporations.
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Jones, Thomas M., and Norman E. Bowie. "Moral Hazards on the Road to the “Virtual” Corporation." Business Ethics Quarterly 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857329.
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Abstract:In recent years, two topics have made prominent debuts in the management literature—“virtual” corporations and trust within and among organizations. These two themes are related in that trust is important to the success of the virtual corporation. This article argues that confidence in the development of virtual corporations may be premature because of what we call the Virtual Corporation Paradox. This paradox can be succinctly stated: the short-term, transient deal-making on which the efficiency of the virtual corporation rests greatly impedes the development of the mutually trusting and cooperative relationships on which its success depends. We examine both economic and sociological explanations for the emergence of trust in similar situations and find both deficient. We conclude that the success of virtual corporations will ultimately depend on an ethics-based form of corporate “character” that allows firms to develop trusting relationships without the usual safeguards or social norms.
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Maloney, Courtney. "Reframing Solidarity: Company Magazine as Family Album." Journal of Working-Class Studies 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v3i1.6117.
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We are witnessing a time of shrinking labor unions across the globe. Among member states of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, rates of union membership have declined from 30% in 1985 to 20% today (McCarthy 2017). In the U.S., the current rate is just 10.7% (Yadoo 2018). We have seen along with this the concomitant reduction in working-class and middle-class standards of living. Technological, political, and economic factors have impacted this change, but there is a cultural dimension to it as well. From the moment industrial unions in the U.S. gained power, corporations began to counter workingclass solidarity with alternative narratives that emphasized individualism, domesticity, and leisure. This article illuminates such efforts with a reading of one particularly sophisticated example from the mid-twentieth century, in which a steel corporation’s company magazine used workers’ own participation and self-representations in an effort to reorient notions of solidarity toward an identification with the corporation as family.
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Ruhiyat, Satya Marta, Ismansyah Ismansyah, and Nani Mulyati. "Application of Republic of Indonesia Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2016 Concerning Procedures for Subscribing to Criminal Cases by Corporations in Corporate Criminal Responsibility in Indonesia Based on the Decision of the Central Jakarta District Court Number: 94 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2017 / PN. Jkt.Pst." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.725.
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Corporations at this time are no longer just subjects of ordinary law, but corporations are now a forum for corruption. Corporate criminal sanctions in Decision Number Number: 94 / Pid.Sus-TPK / 2017 / PN.Jkt.Pst the judge imposes criminal sanctions not only on the accused individual but also imposes criminal sanctions on the corporation PT. Duta Graha Indah (PT.DGI). In 2009-2010 PT. DGI through its main Director at that time made an agreement in the arrangement of the development projects for special infection hospitals and tourism at Udayana University in the 2009 and 2010 fiscal years in order to win PT DGI as the implementation of work (partners). Problems in ensnaring corporations against cases of corruption committed by corporations are still difficult to implement in Indonesia. So that the judge's consideration in the decision becomes the basis for making a decision for the judge in imposing criminal penalties on the corporation PT. DGI. The research method used is normative juridical. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that judges based on vicarious criminal liability assess the existence of a working relationship in which the mens rea drawn in the defendant knows corruption but is passive with actus reus drawn from the actions of the head of the PT. Other DGIs to coordinate with other parties for and on behalf of corporations that cause illegal acts. The judge considered the mistakes imposed on the corporation were mistakes made by the management so that the corporation could be held responsible for criminal acts of corruption that had been committed.
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Maitland, Ian. "Distributive Justice in Firms: Do the Rules of Corporate Governance Matter?" Business Ethics Quarterly 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857873.
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Abstract:Can we achieve greater fairness by reforming the corporation? Some recent progressive critics of the corporation argue that we can achieve greater social justice both inside and outside the corporation by simply rewriting or reinterpreting corporate rules to favor non-stockholders over stockholders. But the progressive program for reforming the corporation rests on a critical assumption, which I challenge in this essay, namely that the rules of the corporation matter, so that changing them can effect a lasting redistribution of wealth from stockholders to non-stockholders. This essay uses a critique of the progressive reform program to argue that the rules of the corporation are distributively neutral. The corporation isn’t rigged against non-stockholders, and changing its rules will not improve the bargaining power of non-stockholders. However, while the rules may be epiphenomenal from the standpoint of distributive justice, they can have substantial impacts on the corporation’s efficiency. As a result, the proposed reforms may hurt the corporation’s capacity to generate benefits for all the parties concerned.
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Damaiyanti, Galih Dwi, Eri Witcahyo, and Ragil Ismi Hartanti. "Kajian Keputusan Badan Usaha terhadap Kepesertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Kabupaten Jember (Corporations Decision on the Involvement in National Health Insurance in Jember)." Pustaka Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/pk.v6i1.6769.
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Abstract
National Health Insurance (NHI) is a part of the National System of Social Insurance which is estabilished by Social Agencies of Health. One of the problems in NHI is corporations membership. All employers such as State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN), large, medium or small scale corporations are the target member of NHI, at least by January 1st 2015, but this target has yet to be actualized. The number of corporation in Jember, by February 2017, has reached 2451 and only 954 corporations were registered (38,92%). The objectives of this study was to assess corporations decision on NHI membership. The study applied qualitative case study. Informant determination technique uses purposive sampling. The results showed that the components of input was not appropriate. Knowledge, perception on product characteristics and need of informants were low, reference group posed significant influence on the corporations decision making in taking part in NHI. The decision making process has yet optimal in the problem or needs analysis and alternative evaluation, corporations tended to be passive in searching information. The output was membership classification of corporations in NHI has yet to be actualized.
Key Words : National Health Insurance, Corporation
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Richardson, Andrea, and Eleanor O'Higgins. "B Corporation Certification Advantages?" Business and Professional Ethics Journal 38, no. 2 (2019): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej201961981.
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B Corporations are for-profit companies meeting specific social and environmental standards. This exploratory study into B Corporations aims to enhance the understanding of the certification on organizational performance. As previous research indicates that third party labels impact financial performance and that positive corporate social performance can lead to positive financial performance, this paper first seeks to determine whether B Corporation Certification positively impacts companies’ financial performance. Second, following previous B Corporation literature, this research tests whether certification leads to positive non-financial results in the form of strategic advantages. Finally, it asks whether Certification negatively impacts organizations’ plans to develop internationally and/or by going public. While this study’s results provide little support that B Corporation Certification impacts organizations’ financial performance or growth, they do indicate that B Corporations experience positive non-financial strategic results post certification. The results of this study may be used to infer or test conclusions about socially responsible labels more broadly in the future.
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Ruhiyat, Satya Marta, Ismansyah Ismansyah, and Nani Mulyati. "THE ROLE OF GENERAL ATTORNEY IN ERADICATION OF CORRUPTION BY CORPORATION." Diponegoro Law Review 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.4.2.2019.152-166.
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Considerable efforts have been made to fight corruption, however it continues to occur in Indonesia. In the present time, corruptions do not only carry out by individuals but also by corporations. However, the Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code do not recognize and regulate corporations as the subject of criminal acts, so that law enforcement officials, especially prosecutors, have difficulty in charging corporations. This paper tries to answer question about the role of prosecutors in the eradication of corruption by corporation based on The General Attorney Regulation Number: PER-028/A/JA/10/2014 on guidelines for prosecuting corporation. The research method employed is normative juridical method, where the data is analyzed with qualitative methodology. The General Attorney Regulation on Corporate Legal Subjects explains more apparent criteria for actions that can be attributed to the corporation. The regulation combines several theories of corporate criminal liability not only heavily rely on vicarious criminal liability theory. It also provides direction about the separation of corporate liability and director’s liability. With this guideline, the public prosecutors have clearer direction to be able to charge the corporation so that it can restore the state finances that have been harmed by the corruption act.
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Lebas, Elizabeth. "Glasgows Progress: The Films of Glasgow Corporation 1938-1978." Film Studies 10, no. 1 (2007): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.10.5.
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Glasgow Corporation had been sponsoring films for almost twenty years when in 1938 its Public Health Department commissioned seven silent films. This marked new relations between the Corporation and the emerging Scottish documentary film movement and a change of approach towards the films’ audiences and the city itself. The essay traces the Corporation‘s film sponsorship from the late 1930s to 1978 when the final images of Glasgow‘s Progress, the Corporation‘s last sponsored film - on its urban renewal projects were taken. By then the Corporation had been amalgamated into Strathclyde Regional Council, the century-long social project of reform had come to an end and television had made its own documentary impact. It argues that over time Corporation films served a variety of political and institutional purposes and often prefigured the fortunes of the city and its people.
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Malkawi, Bashar H. "Editorial: Corporate governance and COVID-19 in the context of coming drastic changes." Corporate Board role duties and composition 16, no. 3 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv16i3editorial.
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Corporate governance faces a new set of challenges in light of COVID-19. Corporations would have to reduce their finance by assuming more debt and providing dividends for shareholders. This will lead to a stable financial environment. Corporations might choose among diverse interests that would include a mix of government interests and concentrated ownership. Also, as a result of increase in the use of technology, there will a shift in the bargaining power between capital and labor as corporations will have a wide spectrum in hiring employees worldwide. As we have seen over the past few years, there is increasing pressure to limit foreign investment in strategic sectors and focus on national security screening for foreign corporation accruing domestic firms. This trend is expected to continue as a result of COVID-19 as countries are trying to shore up their economics against external shocks. Moreover, there would be an increase in government ownership in corporations and other types of controls. The presence of the COVID-19 health crisis is likely to push the debate toward stakeholder perception of the corporation, shifting away – over the next few years – from shareholders’ interests. There could be even more focus on employees and the role they play in the corporation. Employees are expected to act as active players in running the affairs of the corporation. Overall, these topics are addressed in the current issue of Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition.
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Popov, A. N. "The Structure of Russian Large Business Demand for Innovation in the Contex of Corporate Accelerators." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 17, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-4-36-47.
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The article studies the dynamics of the corporate accelerator model development in Russia from 2013 to 2020, the existing model of corporate acceleration and subsequent introduction of the start-up product in the corporation, as well as the structure of Russian corporations’ demand for innovation solutions of start-ups. The low level of Russian business digitalization in comparison with EU countries, dropping dynamics since 2013 of the specific weigh of innovation products and services in the total volume of sold products and services and the growing activity of corporations in the field of innovation in 2016–2019 stipulate a high potential of corporate innovation development in Russia. By studying 54 programs of corporate acceleration the author identified the key models of corporate accelerators’ organization in Russia and showed the growing dynamics of their development since 2018. For deeper investigation of the mechanism of start-ups and corporations interaction in the context of corporate accelerator through system analysis the article provides the model of organizing corporate accelerator and pilot launch of joint work of start-up and corporation on the basis of reports by spokesmen of Russian corporations at conferences and webinars. Based on open information about 72 innovation projects and experience of interaction of Russian corporations from telecommunications and finance fields the structure of corporations’ demand for highlytechnological solutions of start-ups was identified. Through classification methods the author described the demand in view of methods of technology introduction, the sphere of using technology in the corporation and key technologies applied in innovation solution of start-ups.
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Bowie, Nikolas. "Corporate Democracy: How Corporations Justified Their Right to Speak in 1970s Boston." Law and History Review 36, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 943–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000160.
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AbstractIn the early 1970s, the executives of the First National Bank of Boston spent hundreds of thousands of the bank's dollars on ads opposing statewide efforts to raise their personal income taxes. When frustrated Massachusetts legislators banned this sort of corporate spending, the executives sued, arguing that “corporations have the same First Amendment rights as individuals.” In First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, the Supreme Court held for the first time that the First Amendment protects all political speech, even ads paid for by a corporation. Surprisingly, the first corporation to take advantage of this decision was not the bank, but the city of Boston--a municipal corporation that spent nearly a million dollars on a new referendum in the fall of 1978.This article discusses the history of the 1978 referendum, one pitting municipal corporations against business corporations. It argues that the referendum and the discourse surrounding it made it intuitive for Bostonians that all corporations, banks and cities, are representative institutions. Corporations can “speak” only by spending money, and the leaders of Boston and the bank justified spending other people's money by pointing to the internal elections that put them in office. But voters were skeptical of the argument that “corporate democracy” alone could guarantee that elected executives spoke with the consent of the people they purported to represent. The article offers a novel contribution to the historiography of modern business and politics: a legal history of how corporations--municipal and financial--became politicized in the wake of evolving First Amendment free-speech doctrine.
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Kilar, Wioletta. "Spatial Concentration of IT Corporation Headquarters." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 25 (January 15, 2014): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.25.4.
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This paper analyses spatial concentration of IT corporation headquarters (HQs) with the intention to identify the countries where IT corporation headquarters are concentrated. According to the research, from 2003 to 2011, the most dominant IT corporations had their headquarters in the USA, Japan and Taiwan, as these countries created the best conditions for their operations. In European countries, the highest number of company headquarters was reported in France, Germany and Switzerland. An analysis of the economic potential indicator showed that, over that period, IT corporations were growing dispersed in the global space. The phenomenon manifested itself by a drop in the number of corporations placing their headquarters in the USA and Japan, which translated into dispersed economic potential that, by the time, had been concentrated in these countries. Furthermore, newly emerging corporations from China, Ireland, India, the Netherlands, Mexico and Malaysia increased their importance in the sales structure. The high degree of economic concentration of IT corporations was confirmed by the synthetic metric of the economic potential, calculated on the basis of: the number of corporations, sales value, profit, the value of their assets and their market value.
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Brown, Alistair. "Indigenous reporting of a national housing corporation." Property Management 36, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-11-2016-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of reporting compliance achieved by the National Housing Corporation (NHC) of Papua New Guinea in terms of local indigenous reporting expectations. Design/methodology/approach Testing of a framework of indigenous accountability through indigenous enactments and regulations is conducted by textual analysis, which is informed by the theory of indigenous alternatives to assess the financial reporting compliance of the NHC of Papua New Guinea’s financial statements for years ending 2004-2013. Findings Documentary evidence of the state auditor reports of the NHC’s financial statements reveals that the corporation’s financial reports are not submitted for audit on a timely basis and receive disclaimed audit opinions. Despite the clear indigenous reporting expectations raised by local legislative and regulatory instruments, the NHC is unable or unwilling to provide an accurate account of their activities. Practical implications The lack of compliant reporting suggests that the planning, management and monitoring of the housing needs of residents of Papua New Guinea are compromised. There also appears merit in asking why parliament continues to fund the corporation given its difficulties in meeting local-level reporting expectations. Social implications The results have wider implications for the reporting ideologies of indigenous-run housing corporations operating in other developing countries. It might be fruitful to meet local reporting expectations before taking on the specialized reporting that accompanies introduced western-oriented policies on housing. Originality/value Accountability in relation to indigenous property management is constructed through a lens of reporting issues facing a developing country housing corporation.
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한져 and 예랑팡. "Piercing the Corporation’s Veil and the Corporation Crime." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 15, no. 2 (December 2013): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2013.15.2.022.
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