Dissertations / Theses: 'Corpus pragmatics'

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Lutzky, Ursula, and Andrew Kehoe. ""Your blog is (the) shit". A corpus linguistic approach to the identification of swearing in computer mediated communication." John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.21.2.02lut.

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The study of swearing has increased in the last decade, diversifying to include a wider range of data and methods of analysis. Nevertheless, certain types of data and specifically large corpora of computer mediated communication (CMC) have not been studied extensively. In this paper, we fill a gap in research by studying the use of swearwords in blog data, and illustrate ways of identifying swearing in a large corpus by taking context into account. This approach, based on the examination of shared and unique collocates of known expletives, facilitates the distinction of attestations of swearing from non-swearing in the case of polysemous lexemes, and the analysis of overlaps in usage and meaning of swearwords. This work therefore goes beyond basic sentiment analysis and offers new insights into the use of collocation for refining profanity filters, providing innovative perspectives on issues of growing importance as online interaction becomes more widespread.

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Jaeger, Sara. "Linguistic Politeness in Children’s Movies. : A quantitative corpus study of politeness expressions in The Movie Corpus." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91422.

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This study aims to analyze explicit politeness markers such as please and thank you in children’s movies using The Movie Corpus. Differences in use over time as well as between children’s movies and other genres of film are investigated, by extracting a variety of frequencies from the corpus for further analysis. The results show that politeness markers are, and have tended to be, more common in children’s movies than in other genres of film. However, the results also suggest that politeness markers are decreasing in frequency in both children’s movies and in other genres of film, but that the decreases are not consistent throughout all the decades analyzed. The study suggests that we seem to be moving towards a less polite society, or one where implicit politeness markers are preferred over explicit ones. In conclusion, it is suggested that further studies are needed to determine which results of this study that are exclusive to children’s movies rather than suggesting trends in film overall.

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Nordgren, Lars. "The Greek Interjections : Studies on the Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of the Interjections in Fifth-Century Drama." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75536.

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This thesis investigates the linguistic and philological characteristics of the primary interjections in Ancient Greek drama. It employs Ameka’s definition and classification from 1992 as its theoretical base, and provides a comprehensive research survey. The thesis has a data-driven approach, and is based on all items traditionally classified as interjections. In the chapter on morphology and syntax, the unique characteristics of interjections are presented. E.g., NPs co-occurring with interjections form an interjection phrase, which follows a specific pattern, in accordance with a phrase schema. The chapter on semantics, which is the main part of the thesis, employs an analytical model based on a moderate minimalism approach. This assumes that all items have a core meaning that can be identified without the aid of context, yet allows different, but related, meanings. The definition adopted in the present thesis states that interjections share only formal characteristics, and thus can be divided into categories based on their semantic features, which are defined using Kaplan’s notion of informational equivalence. The thesis deals with three such categories, each with its individual semantic properties: expressive interjections, express the speaker’s experience of emotion and/or cognition; conative interjections, express what the speaker wants the addressee or auditor to do; imitative interjections, depict or reproduce sounds or events. Items in category 1 are the most frequent and thus receive most attention. In the chapter on pragmatics, it is proposed that the primary function of interjections is to express the core semantics in a specified context. Felicity conditions are suggested for an utterance to convey the primary meaning of an interjection. Interjections are also shown to have various secondary functions, e.g. that of strengthening markers. Finally, a lexicon is provided, which offers individual informational equivalents of all interjections under study.

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Bretanha, Andreza Carolina. "A influência da extensão do corpus linguístico no levantamento do perfil comunicativo pragmático infantil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-26072011-165304/.

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A análise de um perfil pragmático envolve a observação das habilidades comunicativas, sendo que as amostras de linguagem espontânea permitem observar o uso destas habilidades em diferentes contextos. No entanto, o tempo viável de duração da amostra que permite a obtenção deste perfil pragmático não é um consenso. Desta forma, o objetivo principal desse trabalho foi verificar se o levantamento do perfil pragmático com base em um corpus linguístico limitado possibilita uma análise fidedigna em comparação a uma análise realizada com um corpus linguístico extenso em crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem. O objetivo secundário foi descrever o perfil pragmático de 5 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem na faixa etária de 7 anos e 1 mês a 8 anos e 11 meses. Participaram dessa pesquisa 5 crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 7 anos e 1 mês a 8 anos e 11 meses de idade. Na coleta de dados, foram realizados 150 minutos de gravação com cada indivíduo, em 5 sessões de 30 minutos de interação em situação lúdica com a pesquisadora. Cada gravação foi transcrita e transferida para o protocolo de Habilidades Comunicativas Verbais HCV (LOPES, 2000b) e para o protocolo de análise pragmática proposto pelo Teste de Linguagem Infantil: Nas Áreas de Fonologia, Vocabulário, Fluência e Pragmática ABFW (FERNANDES et al., 2004). Com o intuito de comparar as análises do corpus linguístico limitado e extenso, foi traçado o perfil pragmático da primeira filmagem (30 min.) e, posteriormente, de toda a amostra de cada participante (150 min.). Foi realizada a análise individual interobservador e intraobservador, além da análise estatística do grupo para verificação da fidedignidade e similaridade dos perfis levantados com os dois tipos de corpus linguístico. Como resultados, a análise interobservador apresentou índice de fidedignidade variando entre 86,7% e 100%. Pela análise intraobservador, no protocolo de HCV, o perfil pragmático geral das crianças foi, dentre as HCV, utilizar um maior número de habilidades dialógicas (HD), seguido das habilidades de regulação (HR), sendo que nenhuma das crianças utilizou as habilidades verbais não-interativas (HNI); para o adulto, o perfil foi de utilizar um maior número de HD e HR e também não utilizar HNI. Observou-se, portanto, um perfil pragmático similar de crianças e adultos da amostra analisada. Em relação à análise intraobservador, no Protocolo de Pragmática ABFW, as crianças fizeram uso predominante do meio verbal, utilizando maior número das funções Comentário (C) e Pedido de Informação (PI). Com relação à análise estatística, para ambos os protocolos utilizados, observou-se alta porcentagem em relação às comparações feitas, que apontam semelhanças estatísticas entre a primeira sessão e o total geral das sessões, mostrando que o corpus lingüístico limitado é fidedigno para a maioria das habilidades e funções comunicativas quando comparados a um corpus linguístico extenso na população estudada.
The analysis of a pragmatic profile involves the observation of communicative skills, being that spontaneous language samples allow observing the use of these skills in different contexts. Nevertheless, the feasible duration time of the sample which allows the achievement of this pragmatic profile is not a consensus. Thus, the main goal of this study was to verify whether the survey of the pragmatic profile, based on a limited linguistic corpus, enables a reliable analysis, as compared to one accomplished with a broad linguistic corpus, in children with a typical language development. The secondary aim was to describe the pragmatic profile of 5 children with a typical language development, in the age range 7 yrs and 1 month and 8 yrs and 11 months. Five children with a typical language development, from both genders, in the age range 7 yrs and 1 month and 8 yrs and 11 months, participated in this research. In the data collection, 150-minute recordings, in 5 sessions of 30 minutes, were performed with each subject interacting, in recreational situations, with the researcher. Each recording was transcribed and trasnfered to the Verbal Communicative Skills Protocol VCS (LOPES, 2000b), and to the pragmatic analysis protocol proposed by the Infantile Language Test, in the following areas: Speech Pathology, Vocabulary, Fluency and Pragmatics ABFW (FERNANDES et al., 2004). Aiming at compararing the analyses of limited and broad linguistic corpus, the pragmatic profile of the first shooting (30 min.) was outlined, and posteriorly, the whole sample of each subject (150 min.). The individual inter and intraobserver analysis was carried out, besides the statistical analysis of the group, to verify the reliability and similarity of the profiles surveyed with both types of linguistic corpus. The interobserver analysis presented a reliability index ranging from 86.7% to 100%. Through the intraobserver analysis, on the VCS protocol, the general pragmatic profile of the children was, among the VCS, a larger number of dialogical skills (DS), followed by regulation skills (RS), being that no child used noninteractive verbal skills (NVS); for adults, the profile was a larger number of DS and RS and no use of NVS. Therefore, a similar pragmatic profile for children and adults was observed in the present sample. In relation to the intraobserver analysis, on the Pragmatics Protocol ABFW, the children predominantly used verbal means, utilizing a larger number of Commentary (C) and Information Request (IR) functions. As for the statistical analysis, for both protocols utilized, a high percentage was observed in relation to comparisons made, pointing to statistical similarities between the first session and the total of the sessions, showing that the limited linguistic corpus is reliable for most communicative skills and functions, as compared to a larger linguistic corpus, in the population studied.

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Watanabe, Tomoko. "Corpus-based study of the use of English general extenders spoken by Japanese users of English across speaking proficiency levels and task types." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19549.

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There is a pronounced shift in English language teaching policy in Japan with the recognition not only of the importance of spoken English and interactional competence in a globalised world, but also the need to emphasise it within English language pedagogy. Given this imperative to improve the oral communication skills of Japanese users of English (JUEs), it is vital for teachers of English to understand the cultural complexities surrounding the language, one of which is the use of vague language, which has been shown to serve both interpersonal and interactional functions in communications. One element of English vague language is the general extender (for example, or something). The use of general extenders by users of English as a second language (L2) has been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of research into the use of general extenders by JUEs, and their functional differences across speaking proficiency levels and contexts. This study sought to address the knowledge gap, critically exploring the use of general extenders spoken by JUEs across speaking proficiency levels and task types. The study drew on quantitative and qualitative corpus-based tools and methodologies using the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japanese Learner English Corpus (Izumi, Uchimoto, & Isahara, 2004), which contains transcriptions of a speaking test. An in-depth analysis of individual frequently-occurring general extenders was carried out across speaking proficiency levels and test tasks (description, narrative, interview and role-play) in order to reveal the frequency, and the textual and functional complexity of general extenders used by JUEs. In order to ensure the relevance of the application of the findings to the context of language education, the study also sought language teachers’ beliefs on the use of general extenders by JUEs. Three general extenders (or something (like that), and stuff, and and so on) were explored due to their high frequency within the corpus. The study showed that the use of these forms differed widely across the JUEs’ speaking proficiency levels and task types undertaken: or something (like that) is typically used in description tasks at the higher level and in interview and description tasks at the intermediate level; and stuff is typical of the interview at the higher level; and so on of the interview at the lower-intermediate level. The study also revealed that a greater proportion of the higher level JUEs use general extenders than do those at lower levels, while those with lower speaking proficiency level who do use general extenders, do so at an high density. A qualitative exploration of concordance lines and extracts revealed a number of interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions across speaking proficiency levels: or something (like that) functions to show uncertainty about information or linguistic choice and helps the JUEs to hold their turn; and stuff serves to make the JUEs’ expression emphatic; and so on appears to show the JUEs’ lack of confidence in their language use, and signals the desire to give up their turn. The findings suggest that the use of general extenders by JUEs is multifunctional, and that this multi-functionality is linked to various elements, such as the level of language proficiency, the nature of the task, the real time processing of their speech and the power asymmetry where the time and floor are mainly managed by the examiners. The study contributes to extending understanding of how JUEs use general extenders to convey interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions in the context of language education, in speaking tests and possibly also in classrooms, and provides new insights into the dynamics of L2 users’ use of general extenders. It brings into questions the generally-held view that the use of general extenders by L2 users as a group is homogenous. The findings from this study could assist teachers to understand JUEs’ intentions in their speech and to aid their speech production. More importantly, it may raise language educators’ awareness of how the use of general extenders by JUEs varies across speaking proficiency levels and task types. These findings should have pedagogical implications in the context of language education, and assist teachers in improving interactional competence, in line with emerging English language teaching policy in Japan.

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Silva, Cibelle Correia da. "Crítica e (des)cortesia: um estudo contrastivo em corpus de cinema - Buenos Aires e São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-28062018-102808/.

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Esta pesquisa se fundamenta, principalmente, na pragmática sociocultural. Nessa perspectiva, a interpretação da cortesia e da descortesia deve ser realizada a partir de relações entre o linguístico e o sociocultural. Em consonância com essa perspectiva, esta tese objetiva verificar, de modo contrastivo, em corpus do espanhol argentino e do português brasileiro, como está formulado linguisticamente o ato de fala da crítica, quais as possibilidades de respostas a esse ato e quais os efeitos de (des)cortesia presentes nos intercâmbios analisados. Por fim, visa comparar, de modo breve, algumas análises com as percepções dos juízes (informantes) obtidas a partir do método de consulta (BRAVO, 2009). Nosso corpus argentino é formado por 15 cenas do filme FRANCIA (2009) e nosso corpus brasileiro é formado por 14 cenas do filme LINHA DE PASSE (2008). Nesses corpora, selecionamos o ato de fala da crítica em cenas ocorridas em dois âmbitos: o privado e o público. Nossa proposta metodológica é composta, basicamente, por quatro etapas. A primeira e a segunda consistem em analisar linguisticamente em cada corpus o ato de fala da crítica e suas reações a partir do cotexto e do contexto explicitados durante a análise, e a partir dessas trocas interpretar o efeito de (des)cortesia. A terceira etapa consiste em comparar nossa interpretação com a percepção de juízes (informantes) de cada língua, a partir de resultados do método de consulta. A última etapa consiste em tecer comparações entre o âmbito privado e público de cada idioma, para por fim, comentar diferenças e semelhanças entre os dois idiomas. Os resultados da comparação entre os âmbitos em cada idioma demonstram que não há diferenças significativas entre os âmbitos. Quanto aos tipos de críticas, percebemos que, mais do que a influência dos âmbitos, fatores como o grau de compromisso afetivo, a simetria ou assimetria na relação entre os interlocutores, o grau de problematicidade temática da interação, ou seja, da conflituosidade da interação e questões culturais são determinantes nas escolhas linguísticas dos falantes fictícios ao criticar. Acerca das reações, tanto no âmbito privado como no público, predominam as Defesas, dada a natureza ameaçadora do ato de fala da crítica. No que se refere à FRANCIA EA em comparação com LINHA DE PASSE PB, os resultados da análise linguística e sociocultural sinalizam que não há muitas diferenças no modo como argentinos e brasileiros formulam linguisticamente a crítica, mas há diferenças importantes no modo como ambas as nacionalidades reagem a esse ato de fala, diferenças essas, de modo geral, relacionadas às premissas culturais de cada comunidade de fala.
This research is mainly based upon sociocultural pragmatics. In this perspective, the interpretation of politeness and impoliteness has to be done from the relations between linguistic and socialcultural contexts. According to this view, this thesis aims at showing, in a contrastive way, in an Argentinian Spanish corpus and in a Brazilian Portuguese corpus, how speech acts about criticism are linguistically formulated, what the possible responses to these acts are and what (im)politeness effects are present in the analysed exchanges. At last, it focuses on briefly comparing some analyses with judges (informants) perceptions gotten by the consulting method (BRAVO, 2009). Our Argentinian corpus is composed by 15 scenes of the film FRANCIA (2009) and our Brazilian corpus consists of 14 scenes of the film LINHA DE PASSE. In these corpora we have selected speech acts about criticism in scenes that happened in two situations: privately and publicly. Our methodological proposal is basically composed by four phases. The first and the second ones consist of linguistically analysing in each corpus the speech acts about criticism and their reactions established in the co-text and set in the context during the analysis, and interpreting the effect of (im)politeness in these turn exchanges. The third phase consists of comparing our interpretation with judges (informants) perceptions in each language, considering the results from the consulting methods. The last phase consists of making comparisons between the private and the public contexts in each language in order to, at last, comment on differences and similarities between the two languages. The results in the comparison between the contexts in each language show that there are not significant differences in the contexts. As far as the types of criticism are concerned, we see that, more than the influence of the contexts, elements like the degree of affective commitment, the symmetry or asymmetry in the relation among speakers, the degree of theme problems in the interaction, that is, the conflicts in the interaction and the cultural issues are crucial in the linguistic choices the fictional speakers make when criticizing. About reactions, both in the private and in the public contexts, Defenses predominate, due to the threatening nature of the speech act of criticism. Particularly for FRANCIA EA (argentinian spanish) in comparison with LINHA DE PASSE PB (brasilian portuguese), the results of the linguistic and sociocultural analyses show that there are not many differences in the way Argentinians and Brazilians express criticism linguistically, but there are important differences in the way these peoples respond to this type of speech act, which, in general, are concerned with cultural premises specific to each speaking community.

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Nguyễn, Minh Chính. "L'injonction dans le Français parlé d'une approche en langue à une analyse de corpus." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030023.

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Les grammairiens considèrent que l’impératif est le moyen normal pour formuler une injonction. Cependant d’autres moyens tels que l’assertion, l’interrogation, les expressions averbales sont possibles. Notre thèse se propose d’étudier les caractéristiques syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques ainsi que la répartition de ces moyens en fonction des activités linguistiques pratiquées par les locuteurs. Nous avons retenu cinq situations (entretien, petit commerce, didactique – institutionnelle et didactique – amicale).Après avoir défini sur une base pragmatique, nous avons essayé de dégager les configurations très fréquentes et celles qui restent exceptionnelles, de voir comment les compétences linguistiques sont mobilisées par les locuteurs pour satisfaire les attentes normatives dans les différentes situations sociales qui constituent notre corpus
The grammar considers that the imperative form is the normal means to formulate imperative utterances. However, other means like assertives, interrogatives and non-verbal expressions are possible. Our thesis studies the syntactical, semantic and pragmatic caracteristics of these structures and their distributions according to the linguistic activities. We have taken five situations (interview, small commerce, didactical – institutionnal, didactical – friendly).Adopting a pragmatic definition of the imperative, we tryed to figure out the frequent and exeptionnel configurations, to see how linguistic skills are mobilized by speakers to satisfy the normative expectations in these different social situations

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Van, Dalen Elaine. "The rhetorical strategies in the Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms : an exploration of metadiscourse in medieval medical Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-rhetorical-strategies-in-the-arabic-commentaries-on-the-hippocratic-aphorismsan-exploration-of-metadiscourse-in-medieval-medical-arabic(83069527-3f1f-4095-be3a-36318ad3f52c).html.

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This thesis offers an analysis of the Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms (9th-15th centuries AD) on three levels, (i) translation, (ii) individual styles and (iii) genre. It particularly examines meta-discursive features such as cohesion, subjectivity, hedges, the addressing of readership, and the formulation of truth statements. The analysis of these features reveals rhetorical conventions in the corpus that indicate a discursive unity of the genre of the medieval medical commentary. Yet, this study also shows considerable stylistic variation between the individual commentators which, besides its intrinsic value, is crucial for the identification of these authors’ texts. Moreover, this research examines how the rhetorical features of the later commentaries have developed after the fashion of Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāq’s 9th-century translation of Galen’s 2nd-century Greek commentary. This study highlights significant differences between Ḥunayn’s rhetorical strategies and those in the later Arabic commentaries. Thus, this work demonstrates discontinuities between Greek and Arabic medical discourses, despite the huge influence of Ḥunayn’s translation. This thesis uses an innovative quantitative methodology combining both close reading and distant reading techniques to study Ḥunayn’s translation technique, and compare Ḥunayn’s style with that of the later commentators. Furthermore, this study advances the understanding of the ways of writing in scientific medieval Arabic. Finally, the separate studies in this thesis contribute knowledge regarding grammatical phenomena such as modals, conjunctions, and conditionals in Classical Arabic.

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Ribeiro, Renato Railo. "Atos de fala em dicionários híbridos italiano>português-brasileiro: sugestão para dicionarização de ilocuções via corpora." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-29012016-130432/.

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O objetivo do estudo foi sugerir a inserção, em dicionários híbridos italiano>portuguêsbrasileiro tais como o Parola Chiave (2012), de informações acerca da dimensão pragmático-ilocucionária de ambas as línguas, a partir do uso de corpora eletrônicos. A metodologia empregada foi a seguinte: (a) fundamentação teórica, baseada: no conceito de Lexicografia de Krieger (2008) e no de dicionário híbrido de Höfling, Silva e Tosqui (2004); no de Pragmática Linguística e no de atos de fala de Bianchi (2008) e Sbisà (2009); no de Linguística de Corpus de Berber-Sardinha (2000), (2003) e (2004) e Tagnin (2004) e (2013); (b) estabelecimento de critérios para a investigação de ilocuções em corpora italiano e português-brasileiro, a saber: adoção da teoria dos atos de fala proposta por Austin (1990[1975]) (em função de seu critério para reconhecimento de ilocuções, a forma verbal na primeira pessoa do singular do presente do indicativo na voz ativa, e de sua associação ilocuções-verbos); adoção de dois corpora online, Corpus Paisà e Corpus do Português (o primeiro do italiano, o segundo do português-brasileiro, escolhidos em função da extensão de cada um, o que os torna representativos de suas respectivas línguas); adoção de cinco verbos ilocucionários comissivos do italiano, promettere, giurare, assicurare, impegnarsi, garantire (em função da mútua relação sinonímica que possuem entre si, segundo o dicionário Sinonimi e contrari minore (2009)); adoção de cinco verbos ilocucionários comissivos do português-brasileiro, prometer, jurar, assegurar, comprometer-se, garantir (em função de serem semanticamente equivalentes aos respectivos verbos italianos, segundo o Parola Chiave); adoção da forma verbal citada acima como sintaxe de busca para pesquisa em corpora; (c) análise qualitativa e quantitativa: obtiveram-se os números totais de ocorrências de cada ilocução; realizou-se uma análise qualitativa de modo a excluir casos anômalos, cujos critérios de exclusão foram: casos de homonímia, negação, repetição e ininteligibilidade; após obtenção dos números reais, excluíram-se da pesquisa as ilocuções mi impegno e comprometo-me/ me comprometo (em função da baixa frequência); (d) discussão acerca das possibilidades de dicionarização de ilocuções a partir dos resultados de corpora. Como resultado final, a sugestão foi a de inserir: na microestrutura, marcas de uso referentes às classes de ilocução; na micromedioestrutura, remissivas de modo a conduzir o leitor a um texto externo à nomenclatura; na macroestrutura, um texto externo à nomenclatura que contenha: (i) explicações referentes às classes de ilocuções e lista de respectivas espécies convencionalmente recorrentes do italiano dispostas segundo frequência; (ii) espécies de ilocuções equivalentes do português-brasileiro dispostas segundo frequência; (iii) exemplos de uso, retirados dos corpora, de tais verbos ilocucionários desempenhando sua função ilocucionária convencional.
This study aims to suggest a method of inserting, in hybrid Italian>Brazilian-Portuguese dictionaries such as Parola Chiave (2012), information about the pragmaticillocutionary dimension of both languages, through electronic corpora. The methodology used was as follows: (a) theoretical foundation based on: Krieger\'s concept of Lexicography (2008) and Höfling, Silva & Tosqui\'s hybrid dictionary (2004); Bianchi (2008) and Sbisà\'s (2009) Pragmalinguistics and speech acts; Berber- Sardinha (2000, 2003, 2004) and Tagnin\'s (2004, 2013) Corpus Linguistics; (b) establishing criteria for illocution research in corpora, namely: adopting the theory of speech acts proposed by Austin (1990[1995]) as research paradigm (due to its criteria for recognizing illocutions, the verb form in the first-person singular of the present indicative in active voice and its illocution-verbs association); adopting two online corpora, Corpus Paisà and Portuguese Corpus (due to the length of each one, which makes them representative of their languages); adopting five Italian illocutionary verbs of commissive class, promettere, giuare, assicurare, impegnarsi, garantire (due to the mutual synonymy relation they have one to each other, according to Sinonimi e contrari minore (2009)); adopting five illocutionary verbs of Brazilian-Portuguese, as known: prometer, jurar, assegurar, comprometer-se, garantir (for being semantically equivalent to their corresponding verb in Italian, according to Parola Chiave (2009)); adopting the verb form mentioned above as syntax search to corpora research; (c) quantitative and qualitative analysis: the total number of occurrences of each illocution was obtained; a qualitative analysis was conducted in order to exclude anomalous cases, of which exclusion criteria were: cases of homonyms, denial, occurrences repetition and unintelligibility; a quantitative analysis was conducted in order to exclude the illocutions mi impegno and comprometo-me / me comprometo (due to their low frequency); (d) discussion around the possibilities of lexicographical records of illocutions from the results of corpora. As a final result, the suggestion was to insert: in the dictionary microstructure, signs of usage referring to illocution classes; in its micromediumstructure: cross references in order to conduct the reader to a section out of nomenclature; in its macrostructure: a text, external to the nomenclature, containing: (i) explanations related to illocution classes and a list of conventionally recurring species of Italian arranged by frequency; (ii) equivalent illocutions species of Portuguese- Brazilian arranged by frequency; (iii) examples of usage, taken from the corpora, of illocutionary verbs performing their conventional illocutionary function.

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Fuchs, Yann. "Les quotatifs en interaction. Approche synchronique d'un paradigme en mouvement, dans un corpus d'anglais oral britannique et irlandais." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030139.

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Cette thèse propose une exploration synchronique du paradigme des quotatifs en anglais oral, suite à l’avènement dans ce groupe fonctionnel de deux nouvelles formes, GO et BE LIKE, apparues il y a moins de cinq décennies. Elle s’inscrit dans la continuité de plusieurs études antérieures visant à rendre compte du système quotatif de l’anglais depuis les phases précoces de ce changement linguistique désormais avéré. À partir d’un corpus de données originales, cette thèse examine les différentes fonctions pragmatiques, interactionnelles et discursives des quotatifs afin de mettre au jour certains facteurs de distribution de ces marqueurs en discours. L’approche adoptée est à la fois polysystémique, pluri-théorique et multimodale : la langue est un système complexe, dans lequel plusieurs sous-systèmes interagissent pour participer à la construction de l’interaction. Afin de rendre compte de cette multiplicité, l’application conjointe de plusieurs systèmes d’analyse et de plusieurs approches théoriques est indispensable. Cette thèse tient également compte de la dimension multimodale de la langue orale. Elle examine, qualitativement et quantitativement, les fonctions accomplies par les quotatifs en termes de représentation, de réitération d’événements antérieurs et de performance. Elle propose également un tour d’horizon des diverses stratégies narratives attribuables aux quotatifs lorsqu’ils participent conjointement à la construction de séquences dialoguées. Ce travail montre qu’en définitive, ce n’est que par la combinaison de plusieurs grilles d’analyse qu’il est possible de réduire le nombre d’événements imprévisibles dans les productions de la langue orale en interaction
This thesis gives a synchronic account of the quotative paradigm in oral English, subsequently to the recent arrival of the new introducers GO and BE LIKE less than five decades ago. It stands in the wake of earlier studies that have aimed at analysing the quotative system of English since the earliest phases of this recently attested change in progress. The study was carried out on a corpus of original data, the Cambridge Student Corpus, which contains semi-guided dyadic conversations between British and Irish native speakers. This thesis examines, from an empirical point of view, the various pragmatic, interactional and discourse functions of quotatives in order to shed light on their complementary distribution in oral interaction. The chosen approach is polysystemic, multi-theoretic and multimodal. Language is a complex system, within which several sub-systems interact to participate in building spoken interaction. In order to account for this complexity, it is necessary to apply several methods of analysis and various linguistic theories simultaneously. This thesis also takes into account the multimodal aspects of oral interaction. It gives a qualitative and quantitative account of quotatives with respect to their functions of representation, reiteration of prior events and multimodal performance. It also examines various narrative strategies that these markers may implement as they participate together in the elaboration of sequences of dialogue. This work illustrates the notion that only through a combination of different methods can the analyst reduce the number of unexplained events that occur in oral interaction

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Chen, Rui. "A corpus-based comparison between semantic and pragmatic features of English aspect marker-ING and Chinese aspect markers ZHE and ZAI." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1204.

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Truan, Naomi. "“Who Are You Talking About?”. The Pragmatics of Third-Person Referring Expressions : a Contrastive Corpus-Based Study of British, German, and French Parliamentary Debates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL014.

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Ce travail analyse la manière dont les expressions de la troisième personne dénotant des êtres humains peuvent référer aux destinataires d’un énoncé – par opposition à l’allocutaire – en français, anglais et allemand. Les formes de la troisième personne incluent tout élément linguistique déclenchant un accord à la troisième personne, considérée comme une catégorie hétérogène : pronoms (il(s), elle(s), on, en français, he, she, they, one en anglais, er, sie, man en allemand), pronoms interrogatifs et indéfinis (qui, quiconque, whoever, anyone, wer), quantifieurs (tous, chacun, certains, all, every, anyone, some, alle, jeder, manche, etc.), relatives précédées par ceux (ceux qui, those who, diejenigen, die) et groupes nominaux contenant un nom dénotant un agent humain (peuple, personnes, citoyen, people, citizen, Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, etc.). A partir d’un corpus de débats parlementaires en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni, nous montrons que les locuteurs peuvent référer aux destinataires, conçus comme un rôle discursif distinct des personnes empiriques, par des expressions de la troisième personne. L’accent mis sur la première et la deuxième personnes a conduit à un relatif oubli des formes de la troisième personne. Pourtant, la conceptualisation des destinataires par des expressions de la troisième personne est explicite, omniprésente, fonctionnelle et se produit à une fréquence égale dans l’ensemble du corpus. En se concentrant sur le rôle discursif du destinataire, une attention particulière est accordée au système constitué par la deuxième et la troisième personnes, prises dans leur continuité plutôt que leur opposition, dans l’acte de référence
Based on a corpus of British, French, and German parliamentary debates, this research presents an integrated account of how third person expressions denoting human referents can encode the targets of an utterance – as opposed to the addressee. Third person forms include every linguistic item triggering third person agreement, regarded as a heterogeneous category: third person pronouns (he, she, one, they in English, il(s), elle(s), on in French, er, sie, man in German), interrogative and indefinite pronouns (whoever, qui, quiconque, wer), quantifiers (all, every, many, some, anyone, tous, chacun, beaucoup, certains, alle, jeder, viele, manche, etc.), relative clauses introduced by those (those who, ceux qui, diejenigen, die), and noun phrases containing a noun denoting a human agent (people, citizen, peuple, personnes, citoyen , Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, etc.). I combine a trilingual contrastive research design with a qualitative discourse-analytic and a quantitative corpus- based perspective to determine how reference to the targets of an utterance, conceived as a speech role distinct from the empirical persons, can be achieved by third person expressions. With most existing research focusing on the first and second persons, third person reference has been considerably neglected. Yet, the conceptualisation of targets via third person expressions is explicit, pervasive, functional, and occurs with equal frequency throughout the political spectrum. By focusing on the newly refined speech role of the target, attention is given to the continuity between second and third grammatical persons as a system referring to addressees and targets of an utterance
In dieser Arbeit präsentiere ich eine umfassende Analyse der Funktionsweisen von englischen, französischen und deutschen Ausdrücken der dritten Person zur Bezeichnung menschlicher Referenten, an die eine Äußerung gerichtet ist. Zu den Formen der dritten Person gehören alle sprachlichen Elemente, die in Bezug auf die grammatischen Kategorien Person und Numerus mit Verben in der dritten Person verwendet werden: Personalpronomen (er, sie, man im Deutschen, he, she, they, one im Englischen, il(s), elle(s), im Französischen), Interrogativ- oder Indefinitpronomen (wer, whoever, qui, quiconque), Quantifikatoren (alle, jeder, viele, manche, all, every, many, some, anyone, tous, chacun, beaucoup, certains), Relativsätze (diejenigen, die, ceux qui, those who), und Nominalsyntagmen, die ein Substantiv enthalten, das einen menschlichen Referenten bezeichnet (Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, people, citizen, peuple, personnes, citoyen, etc.). Anhand eines Korpus britischer, französischer und deutscher Parlamentsdebatten kombiniere ich ein sprachkontrastives Forschungsdesign mit einer qualitativen Diskursanalyse und einer quantitativen korpusbasierten Perspektive, um zu bestimmen, wie der Bezug auf die gemeinten Referenten erfolgt. Bisher hat sich die Forschung auf Formen der ersten und zweiten Person konzentriert und die dritte Person vernachlässigt, obwohl explizite, funktionale Bezüge auf den intendierten Referenten einer Äußerung in der dritten Person allgegenwärtig sind und im gesamten politischen Spektrum vorkommen

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Milà-Garcia, Alba. "L'acord i el desacord en català en tres gèneres discursius: anàlisi sociopragmàtica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401860.

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Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu principal estudiar l’expressió de l’acord i el desacord en català en tres gèneres discursius diferents: converses col·loquials, reunions i tutories universitàries. Per dur a terme aquest estudi, s’ha compilat un corpus oral ad hoc que s’ha explotat amb una metodologia que combina elements propis de la pragmàtica, la lingüística de corpus i l’anàlisi de la conversa. L’anàlisi del corpus parteix de l’aplicació d’una taxonomia que conté cinc nivells diferents (situació comunicativa, informació sociolingüística, pragmàtica, interacció i estructura), l’aplicació de la qual ofereix uns resultats quantitatius que proporcionen una visió global de l’acord i el desacord i de les diferències que apareixen a causa de la incidència de diferents factors de la situació comunicativa en què tenen lloc. L’anàlisi quantitativa es complementa amb una anàlisi qualitativa en què s’aprofundeix en la realització d’aquests actes i s’estudia la gestió de la imatge que fan els parlants de català en la interacció en els tres gèneres discursius a partir de l’observació de fragments concrets.
The main aim of this PhD dissertation is to study agreement and disagreement in Catalan in three different discourse genres: colloquial conversations, meetings and professors’ office hours. To this end, a spoken corpus was compiled ad hoc, which has been exploited combining the methodology of pragmatics, corpus linguistics and conversation analysis. The analysis results from the design of a complex taxonomy which contains five different layers (situational, sociolinguistic, pragmatic, interactional and structural), the application of which provides a global vision on agreement and disagreement and on the differences that are caused by the different factors that come into play in each specific communicative situation. The quantitative analysis is complemented by a qualitative analysis that delves into the realization of these acts and studies the management of face in interaction carried out by Catalan speakers in these three genres through the observation of specific extracts from the corpus.

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Bourse, Sarah. "Une étude du rôle des connecteurs dans le discours explicatif en anglais contemporain." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20044/document.

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Cette recherche porte sur la réalisation linguistique de l’explication en anglais contemporain. À la suite d’un travail définitoire de la notion sont identifiés deux types d’explication: la clarification et l’explication causale. L’étude adopte une approche énonciative tout en offrant des considérations d’ordre pragmatique. L’analyse linguistique se fonde sur un corpus de textes didactiques et examine plus particulièrement le rôle des connecteurs dans le discours explicatif. Enfin, ce travail vise également la formalisation de quelques relations discursives à l’œuvre dans l’explication et l’écriture de règles linguistiques en vue de la reconnaissance automatique de ces relations
This study is concerned with the linguistic realisation of explanation in contemporary English. After a definitional work on the notion, two types of explanation are identified: clarifying explanation and causal explanation. The study adopts an utterer-centered approach while also considering pragmatic aspects. The linguistic analysis is based on a corpus of didactic texts and it focuses on the role played by connectives in explanatory discourse. Finally, the study also aims at formalising some discourse relations involved in explanations and designing linguistic rules in order to automatically identify the discourse relations at stake

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Altemark, Mikael. "Lexis, Discourse Prosodies and the Taking of Stance : A Corpus Study of the Meaning of ‘Self-proclaimed’." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9551.

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This study is concerned with the description of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the attributive adjective self-proclaimed, employing corpus-linguistic methodology to explore its meaning from user-based data. The initial query provided the material from which a lexical pro-file of the target word was constructed, systematically describing collocational data, semantic preferences, semantic associations and discourse prosodies. Qualitative analysis of sample con-cordances illustrated the role of the target word in expressing different kinds of meaning-bearing stances. The results demonstrate the importance of context and communicative functionality as constraints determining meaning, determining the discourse prosodies of self-proclaimed as one of either negation; accepted-positive and accepted-negative. Further, the analysis of self-proclaimed as a stance marker indicates the linking evaluative meanings of extended lexical units to the project of linguistic description of intersubjective stancetaking as a possibly fruitful venue for research

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Brasart, Charles. "Structure, variation et configuration du sens dans la parole bilingue. Une étude croisée d’alternance codique français-anglais et anglais-allemand." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040110.

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Cette thèse porte sur le mélange des langues dans la conversation bilingue. Nous analysons les occurrences d’alternance codique dans deux corpus de conversation recueillis auprès de deux groupes de locuteurs bilingues : un corpus anglais-français de 50 000 mots, un corpus anglais-allemand de 95 000 mots. Nos analyses montrent que certains phénomènes bilingues émergent indépendamment des langues et des personnes, dans des proportions très similaires, tandis que d’autres, plus minoritaires, sont propres à l’un ou l’autre corpus, émergeant en fonction des langues, des groupes et/ou des situations. Nous nous penchons ensuite sur les manifestations syntaxiques et les finalités du changement de langue, présentant l’énonciateur comme un acteur et l’alternance codique comme un outil structurant pour la pensée et la parole. Nous proposons une typologie des motivations de l’alternance codique, en prenant en compte le fait qu’elle peut être volontaire ou non. Puis démontrons que l’émergence d’une parole bilingue découle d’un lien fort entre sens et forme et qu’elle peut être interprétée comme la trace de l’investissement des locuteurs dans la construction des références. En s’éloignant des normes monolingues, ils reconfigurent le sens des constructions en les faisant se détacher sur un fond nouveau
This dissertation bears on bilingual code-switching. It is based on the analysis of code-switched utterances in two bilingual corpora. One is a 50,000-word corpus of French-English conversation, the other a 95,000-word of German-English conversation. The cross analysis aims at showing that some bilingual phenomena are language- and context-independent and can be found in extremely close proportions in both corpora. Other not-so-frequent phenomena, on the other hand, do seem to be language- or context-dependent, appearing in one corpus but failing to do so in the other. Nevertheless, I attempt to demonstrate that both these types of phenomena are linked to similar semantic and pragmatic motivations — in other words, that different speakers can make different uses of the same tools to accomplish the same ends. I thus propose to view the speaker as a rational performer and code-switching as a structuring device for both speech and thought. I then analyze whether switching languages mid-sentence can or cannot always be determined to stem from a conscious decision. I argue that bilingual speech arises from a narrow bond between form and meaning and stems from the way individual speakers encapsulate references into words. By moving away from monolingual norms and using constructions against the backdrop of another language, bilingual speakers are thus able to give new pragmatic meaning to these constructions

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Hugou, Vincent. "Productivité et émergence du sens. L'exemple de la construction (all) X-ed out dans un corpus de blogs et de forums de discussion." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030146.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse à une construction peu étudiée, mais fort productive, à savoir la construction [Xed out], exemplifiée par I’m all coffeed out. À partir de 1505 occurrences, nous analysons sa productivité, son fonctionnement et les interprétations tant sémantiques que pragmatiques qu’elle permet. La recherche prend comme point de départ deux constats exprimés dans la littérature : sa productivité, qui serait illimitée, et un sémantisme « plat », donné d’avance. L’hypothèse centrale que nous défendons est que la diversité matérielle des éléments qui instancient la construction ne peut que conduire, au contraire, à une grande complexité, sur les plans formel et sémantique. Notre recherche, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre des approches constructionnelles, se fonde sur des corpus de blogs et de forums, mais elle fait aussi appel à Google et aux locuteurs natifs. Dans le premier volet, nous nous attachons à mettre au jour les propriétés linguistiques de la construction et à expliquer les raisons de sa productivité. Les analyses effectuées révèlent un paysage plus varié et complexe que ce que laissent entendre les études à son sujet. Dans le second volet, la construction est étudiée en discours. Il s’agit de déterminer comment le locuteur répond à la complexité – sémantique et morphologique – qui s’offre à lui. Il apparaît, à travers des études de cas, que le locuteur est soumis à des contraintes linguistiques et non linguistiques, mais qu’il a aussi souvent la possibilité de les contourner, sous certaines conditions, ou de les transgresser, au prix d’effets plus ou moins heureux. Ce travail jette donc un éclairage neuf sur une construction très spécifique de l’anglais. Il donne également lieu à une réflexion méthodologique sur des phénomènes ténus, et sur le rôle des facteurs contextuels. Il se veut également une contribution à une réflexion sur la créativité linguistique, dont l’étude, si elle veut être complète, convoque des domaines aussi variés que la morphologie, la sémantique, la pragmatique, mais aussi la diachronie et l’analyse du discours
This thesis focuses on a construction that, although highly productive, has received little academic attention, namely the [Xed out] construction found in I'm all coffeed out. Based on 1505 occurrences, this work will analyse the construction's productivity as well the way it operates, and the semantic and pragmatic interpretations that it allows. The study takes as its point of departure the following two assessments of the phenomenon, found in the literature: that its productivity is remarkable (and potentially limitless), and that its semantics is straightforward. The central hypothesis defended in this work is that, contrary to what is found in the literature, the diversity of elements that can provoke the construction must lead instead to a great deal of formal and semantic complexity. This research, which adopts a constructional approach, is based on corpora of blogs and forums, and also makes use of Google and the judgements of native speakers of English. Firstly, an up-to-date analysis of the linguistic properties of the construction is provided, in order to explain its productivity. The analyses undertaken paint a more varied and complex picture of the phenomenon than existing studies would lead us to understand. The second axis of study examines the construction in discourse, in order to determine how the speaker responds to semantic and morphological complexity. Based on case studies, it seems that the speaker is subject to linguistic and non-linguistic constraints, but that he/she is often able to circumvent them, under certain conditions, or to violate them, with felicitous or infelicitous consequences. This work therefore sheds new light on a very specific English construction. It also allows for extensive methodological discussion on how to address fine-grained phenomena, and on the role of contextual factors. The study also aims to contribute to a discussion concerning linguistic creativity which requires to bring together fields as varied as morphology, semantics and pragmatics, as well as the study of diachronic variation and discourse analysis

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Pinon, Catherine. "La nébuleuse de kān : classification des différents emplois de kāna/yakūnu à partir d'un corpus d'arabe contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3078/document.

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Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier les emplois du verbe-outil kāna en arabe contemporain. 1ère partie : nous commençons par faire la synthèse des descriptions de kāna chez les grammairiens arabes et arabisants, en nous intéressant au contenu de ces descriptions ainsi qu'à leur forme et à leur adéquation avec la langue décrite. 2ème partie : pour travailler sur la langue contemporaine, nous optons pour la méthodologie de la linguistique de corpus. Après une discussion théorique et un état de la recherche en linguistique de corpus appliquée à la langue arabe, nous réfléchissons à l'élaboration de notre propre corpus, un corpus numérique, multigénérique et diatopique d'arabe contemporain écrit non dialectal. Comprenant 1,5 millions de mots, il contient à part égale des textes écrits après 2002 provenant de trois genres (blogs, littérature, presse) et de sept pays (Arabie Saoudite, Égypte, Liban, Maroc, Syrie, Tunisie, Yémen). 3ème partie : nous classifions les 15 000 occurrences du verbe kāna extraites de notre corpus et analysons leurs emplois. Nous quantifions les différents types d'emploi, de structures et d'expressions en nous efforçant de dégager les valeurs portées par ce verbe, en particulier les valeurs modales. Nous plaçons cette étude dans le cadre d'une écologie de la langue en étudiant le milieu diatopique et générique duquel les occurrences proviennent
This dissertation studies the various uses of the verb-tool kāna in contemporary Arabic. Part I. We start by reviewing how kāna has been described by Arab grammarians and Arabic specialists. We look at both content and form, evaluating the extent to which these descriptions conform to the language they describe. Part II. In order to examine the contemporary Arabic language we chose to use the corpus linguistics methodology. After outlining some theoretical considerations and providing a state of the art in corpus linguistics applied to the Arabic language, we discuss the constitution of our own corpus. This digital corpus includes three types of texts (blogs, literature, press) from seven different countries (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen). Numbering altogether 1.5 million words, the texts were all published after 2002. Part III. We classify 15,000 instances of kāna and analyze their uses. We quantify the various functions, patterns and expressions through which kāna is deployed, seeking to identify the values conveyed by the verb, especially modal values. We locate this study within an ecology of language by scrutinizing the diatopic and generic settings of the various occurrences

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Deutschmann, Mats. "Apologising in British English." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Modern Languages, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43.

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The thesis explores the form, function and sociolinguistic distribution of explicit apologies in the spoken part of the British National Corpus. The sub-corpus used for the study comprises a spoken text mass of about five million words and represents dialogue produced by more than 1700 speakers, acting in a number of different conversational settings. More than 3000 examples of apologising are included in the analysis.

Primarily, the form and function of the apologies are examined in relation to the type of offence leading up to the speech act. Aspects such as the sincerity of the apologies and the use of additional remedial strategies other than explicit apologising are also considered. Variations in the distributions of the different types of apologies found are subsequently investigated for the two independent variables speaker social identity (gender, social class and age) and conversational setting (genre, formality and group size). The effect of the speaker-addressee relationship on the apology rate and the types of apologies produced is also examined.

In this study, the prototypical apology, a speech act used to remedy a real or perceived offence, is only one of a number of uses of the apology form in the corpus. Other common functions of the form include discourse-managing devices such as request cues for repetition and markers of hesitation, as well as disarming devices uttered before expressing disagreement and controversial opinions.

Among the speaker social variables investigated, age and social class are particularly important in affecting apologetic behaviour. Young and middle-class speakers favour the use of the apology form. No substantial gender differences in apologising are apparent in the corpus. I have also been able to show that large conversational groups result in frequent use of the form. Finally, analysis of the effects of the speaker-addressee relationship on the use of the speech act shows that, contrary to expectations based on Brown & Levinson’s theory of politeness, it is the powerful who tend to apologise to the powerless rather than vice versa.

The study implies that formulaic politeness is an important linguistic marker of social class and that its use often involves control of the addressee.

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Pennington, James J. "The Synchrony and Diachrony of Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian Adjectival Long-form Allomorphy (ALFA)." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1293639004.

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Meric, Olivier. "Organisation discursive de la visite médiée de sites touristiques : théorisation contributionnelle et valorisation d'une praxis professionnelle." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL012/document.

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Le discours produit lors d’une visite touristique naît de différentes modalités de communication dont la visite assistée par un dispositif socio-technique et la visite-conférence dirigée par un médiateur. Ces deux modalités présentant des caractéristiques communes propres au genre discursif de la visite médiée, offrent aussi des différences significatives pour constituer un corpus d’étude subdivisé par les modalités de production et les langues sources : des textes écrits par des professionnels du domaine et des textes enregistrées en présence de visiteurs, en français et en espagnol. Plusieurs interrogations se posent dont celle d’une taxonomie des genres de discours liés au domaine spécialisé étudié, celle d’une unité de segmentation textuelle s’affranchissant du caractère scriptural ou oral du mode de production du texte, et celles liées à la catégorisation d’un texte dans un genre discursif. En effet, les valeurs des paramètres de caractérisation doivent permettre l’introduction d’un prototype indispensable à la catégorisation et à l’indexation textuelle du genre étudié.Cette recherche s’inscrit donc dans le cadre théorique de la linguistique textuelle et de l’analyse des pratiques discursives comme indices des praxis sociales, mais la méthodologie employée élargit cette base théorique à la linguistique contributionnelle post-gricéenne qui légitime l’introduction de la contribution comme unité de segmentation textuelle. En outre, le traitement quantitatif d’une compilation de textes sélectionnés trouve ses fondements au sein même de l’analyse de discours et de la linguistique de corpus. La méthode suivie, qui introduit les règles de segmentation textuelle dont l’annotation manuelle qualitative, et l’analyse quantitative permettent de proposer un modèle d’organisation de chaque genre considéré. Au-delà du grand intérêt que présente la caractérisation de nouveaux discours spécialisés, ce travail introduit d’un côté une méthode d’analyse à l’origine du développement d’un programme de segmentation, d’annotation et d’indexation ; et une valorisation didactique dans l’enseignement des langues sur objectifs spécifiques ; et d’un autre côté le développement d’interfaces proposant de nouvelles modalités de médiation dont le discours est pensé en amont de leur réalisation
The discourse produced in a guided tour stems from different communicative modalities which include the visit assisted by a socio-technical device and the visit guided by an education and visitor service officer. These two modalities show common characteristics of a guided tour; they also offer significant differences. These differences allow us to compile a corpus divided according to its modalities of production and the languages: written text by professionals of the tourism sector, in French and in Spanish. Several issues arise such as the genre taxonomy of the discourse linked to the specific field studied, the unit of the text segmentation which has to free itself from the scriptural or oral feature of the text production, the textual categorisation and indexation of the studied genre. Indeed, the characterisation parameter value must introduce an essential prototype in order to categorise and index the texts of the studied genres. Therefore, as a sign of social praxis, this research suits the text linguistic and discourse analysis theoretical framework. In addition, the selected methodology enlarges this theoretical background to the post-Gricean linguistics of contribution which allows to define the contribution as the unit of textual segmentation. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of a selected text compilation is rooted in the discourse analysis and corpus linguistic approaches. The method followed here, which introduces textual segmentation rules such as qualitative manual annotation and quantitative analysis suggests structural patterns of each considered genre. Beyond the notable interest of categorising new specialized discourses, this investigation introduces a new analytical method. On the one hand, the methodological framework is the source of a segmentation, annotation, and indexation software development. On the other hand, it is the source of an application development recommending new modalities of guided tours where the priority is given to the elaboration of the discourse

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Wissner, Inka. "Les diatopismes du français en Vendée et leur utilisation dans la littérature : l'œuvre contemporaine d'Yves Viollier." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040111/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie l'utilisation discursive des régionalismes, ou diatopismes, du français en alliant les perspectives de la linguistique variationniste et de l'analyse du discours. L'étude fournit un développement conceptuel, terminologique et méthodologique détaillé en matière de diatopie et des contraintes qui pèsent sur l'usage de diatopismes dans le discours. Elle explicite en particulier la méthode d'analyse appliquée en termes différentiels, pour la description des diatopismes et l'interprétation des sources et des enquêtes de terrain menée par l'auteure, ainsi que pour l'analyse du discours. À partir de l'analyse des procédés discursifs qui présentent les diatopismes en autonymie (les mises en relief) et de leur distribution discursive, un nouveau paradigme sociopragmatique permet d'interpréter les caractéristiques pragmatiques et sociolinguistiques des diatopismes dans le discours. Le corps de l'analyse est présenté sous la forme d'articles dictionnairiques, complétant un modèle lexicographique différentiel de rubriques qui sont consacrées aux aspects discursifs et sociopragmatiques des diatopismes étudiés. L'analyse philologique porte sur tous les diatopismes qui sont mis en relief dans l'ensemble des vingt-six romans grand public du Vendéen Yves Viollier, publiés de 1972 à 2009, et qui appartiennent à la communauté sociolinguistique de ce dernier. L'étude montre que les mises en relief, tributaires de l'orientation réaliste des romans étudiés, sont relativement rares, et que la création de l'ethos du 'régional' passe dans ceux-ci par un choix original de diatopismes, et non par des clichés largement partagés
This doctoral dissertation studying the use of French regionalisms, or diatopicisms, in literature, is situated in the fields of variationist linguistics and of discourse analysis. The study offers a detailed description of the concepts and current terminology in the recent discipline of Francophone differential linguistics as well as in the related branches of French discourse analysis. It pays particular attention to the methods applied in the identification of diatopic elements and the interpretation of existing sources – completed by field studies conducted by the author – as well as for an appropriate discourse analysis of diatopicisms in literature. Developing a new sociopragmatic paradigm, the author analyses the strategies that present meta-linguistically highlighted diatopicisms and their textual distribution in order to interpret what these procedures say obliquely about the diatopicisms in terms of their pragmatic and sociolinguistic characteristics. The large corpus analysis is presented in the form of dictionary articles, based on a model developed in French differential lexicography, and enriched by sociopragmatic sections. The author analyses all highlighted diatopicisms in the twenty-six popular novels of Yves Viollier which belong to the latter's sociolinguistic community (Vendée). The study shows that the strategies highlighting diatopicisms in the analysed novels – published from 1972 to 2009, realist and partly regionalist – are relatively rare. The ethos of the novelist's home region is partly created by the use of diatopicisms – but this is achieved through original choices, rather than largely shared stereotypes

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Duboisdindien, Guillaume. "Analyse multimodale des marqueurs pragmatiques au sein du vieillissement langagier en situation de Trouble Cognitif Léger." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100017.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude du corpus vidéo de données multimodales VIntAGE (Videos to study Interaction in AGEing) dont l’objectif principal est de caractériser les effets du trouble cognitive léger (TCL) évolutif sur les compétences pragmatiques et interactionnelles de 5 locutrices âgées de plus de 75 ans. Nous prenons comme observable les marqueurs pragmatiques verbaux et non-verbaux. Cette démarche, à l’interface des sciences du langage, des sciences cognitives et de l’orthophonie, s’inscrit dans un processus de recherche longitudinale en situation écologique.La première partie de la thèse donne la revue des études interdisciplinaires actualisées qui traitent du vieillissement cognitif, de la communication multimodale et de la pragmatique clinique (Chap 1 à 3). En seconde partie nous présenterons nos questions de recherche et notre méthodologie incluant différentes étapes de travail qui sont : (i) la passation des tests psychométriques en vue de sélectionner les cinq participantes de l’étude; (ii) le recueil et le traitement des conduites langagières verbales et gestuelles; (iii) l’analyse statistique quantitative et qualitative permettant l’interprétation des profils pragmatiques des locutrices (Chap 4 et 5). Les conclusions générales indiquent qu’avec l’avancée en âge, les marqueurs pragmatiques verbaux revêtent préférentiellement une fonction interactive permettant ainsi aux locutrices de VIntAGE de maintenir les relations intersubjectives avec l’interlocuteur-intime. Par ailleurs, au niveau non-verbal, les manifestations gestuelles les plus mobilisées dans le temps sont d’une part à fonction interactive et d’autre part adaptative (Chap 6 et 7).L’analyse des profils avec TCL nécessite des corpus longitudinaux : i) pour comprendre les évolutions à l’œuvre chez cette population, ii) pour renseigner l’implication de la résilience cognitive (i.e. compensation, adaptation et hétérogénéité) et des ressources pragmatiques chez chaque individu et iii) pour tirer avantage de ces paramètres comme bases de données attestées pour la recherche et l’orthophonie. Par ailleurs, nous désirons montrer quels sont les avantages des méthodes d’investigation en linguistique clinique à travers le vieillissement fragilisé sur le plan cognitif, pour les cliniciens et les aidants au quotidien
The present PhD thesis presents the multimodal video corpus VIntAGe (Videos to study Interactions in AGEing) with the principal aim to describe the effects of aging in Mild Cognitive Impairment situation on pragmatic and communicative skills. We take as observable variables the verbal pragmatic markers and non-verbal pragmatic markers. This approach, at the interface of the psycholinguistics, cognitive and the speech and language pathology is part of a longitudinal research process in an ecological situation.The first part of the manuscript details the scientific expertise and knowledge related to the cognitive aging, to the multimodal communication and to the clinical pragmatics (Chap 1 to 3). The second part describes our research questions and our methods step by step: (i) from the selection of the five female participants over 75 years old with initial and longitudinal psychometric tests; (ii) to the collect and the analysis of the multimodal data; (iii) to finish on the multidimensional and statistical data analysis and the interpretation of the results (Chap 4 to 5).Our general findings indicate that with aging, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with Mild Cognitive Impairment to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. In addition, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly mobilized over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptative function. The studies focusing on people with Mild Cognitive Impairment require longitudinal corpora i) to understand their evolution, ii) to provide the implication of the cognitive resilience in each individual (i.e. compensation, adaptation and heterogeneity), and iii) to take advantage of these parameters as evidence for research and earlier rehabilitation. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired aging, for clinicians and family caregivers

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Ligatto, María Dolores del Carmen. "Etude pragmatico-discursive du désaccord dans des corpus enregistrés à Buenos Aires." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H002.

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Dans des corpus enregistres à Buenos aires parmi des locuteurs hispanophones l'on peut saisir en même temps certains marqueurs annonçant le désaccord, les glissements et les ambiguïtés de sens entrainant la non acceptation ainsi que les attitudes plus ou moins coopératives des interlocuteurs lorsqu'ils se trouvent face à face. Ils nous donnent également le moyen de dépasser le cadre effectif de l’énonciation pour convoquer d'autres opposants non présents à l'aide desquels un locuteur peut imposer sa proposition conversationnelle
Non-agreement - non acceptance of a statement by a speaker- in a spon- taneous or provoked conversation can be accomplished according to various strategies. This speech act is mostly performed by certain constructions and connectors. The purpose of this analysis on a Spanish corpus is to explore these strategies and their performance. Non-agreement will be classified according to the way it is accomplished by speakers varying between the most evident to the least evident ways of performance

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Oliver, del Olmo Sònia. "Análisis contrastivo español/inglés de la atenuación retórica en el discurso médico: el artículo de investigación y el caso clínico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7582.

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La presente tesis doctoral tiene como propósito el estudio del fenómeno sociopragmático llamado atenuación retórica (hedging en inglés) en dos géneros distintos del discurso médico escrito: los artículos de investigación científica y los informes de caso o casos médicos. Con este fin se examina un corpus de ambos géneros escritos en español y en inglés (L2) por científicos españoles y publicados en revistas científicas de prestigio en el campo de la biomedicina . Se comparan los resultados obtenidos del análisis del corpus con los obtenidos por otros autores con muestras lingüísticas escritas en inglés. El trabajo, pues, consiste en un análisis interlingüístico e intergenérico de la atenuación retórica en el discurso médico. Un interés particular que presenta la tesis reside en las aplicaciones pedagógicas que tiene para los profesores de enseñanza de idiomas con fines específicos (LFE).
La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu l'estudi del fenòmen sociopragmàtic anomenat atenuació retòrica (hedging en anglès) en dos gèneres diferents del discurs mèdic escrit: els articles d' investigació científica i els informes de cas o casos mèdics. Amb aquesta finalitat s' examina un corpus en ambdós gèneres escrits en espanyol i en anglès (L2) per cientifics espanyols i publicats en revistes científiques de prestigi en el camp de la biomedicina . Es comparen els resultats obtinguts de l'anàlisis del corpus amb els obtinguts per altres autors amb mostres lingüístiques escrites en anglès. El treball, doncs, consisteix en una anàlisi interlingüística i intergenèrica de la atenuació retòrica en el discurs mèdic. Un interès particular que presenta la tesis resideix en les aplicacions pedagògiques que té pels professors d' ensenyament d' idiomes per a finalitats específiques (LFE).
This PhD aims at studying the sociopragmatic phenomenon called hedging in two different genres of the written medical discourse: the research article and the case report. Therefore, a corpus of these two genres is examined both in Spanish and in English (L2). Being all texts written by Spanish scientists and published in scientific journals of prestige in the biomedical field . The results obtained in the corpus analysis are then compared to the ones obtained by other authors with similar linguistic samples written in English. This thesis, hence, consists of itergeneric and interlinguistic analyses of hedging in medical disourse. A special interest of this research project may lay in the pedagogical applications for teachers of languages for specific purposes (LSP).

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Pinedo, Alicia. "Translating Spanish verb-subject order into English : strategies for maximising discourse-pragmatic equivalence (a corpus-based study)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387433.

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Meili, Angela Maria. "Pragmatica dos enunciados televisivos : um estudo da proibição e da desobediencia atraves dos corpos midiaticos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270847.

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Orientador: Kanavillil Rajagopalan
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meili_AngelaMaria_M.pdf: 4093334 bytes, checksum: ae691d3384ff20d6364901820c937e13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: A presente dissertação de Mestrado propõe-se a uma discussão crítica acerca da televisão contemporânea. Inicialmente, discute a questão da mediação e da noção de "meio" utilizada nas teorias e políticas da comunicação tradicionais, valendo-se, em partes, da Crítica da Comunicação de Luicen Sfez, 1994. Enfatiza o caráter pragmático da materialidade tecnológica que condiciona os enunciados midiáticos e, inclusive, dos textos técnicos legais que regulamentam a prática de difusão no Brasil. A partir da marcação dos domínios de Legalidade, também estão marcados os lugares de enunciação, criando-se situações políticas nas quais a linguagem é atuante. Faço uma análise de dois diferentes corpos enunciativos/ midiáticos: as grandes redes autorizadas vs.as pequenas emissoras desautorizadas. Questões como Escritura Midiática, Corpos Tecnológicos e Micropolítica também são discutidas, tendo como base textos de Jaques Derrida, Félix Guattari, Judith Butler, entre outros.
Abstract: This work proposes a discussion about mediation and the notion of medium used on traditional theories and policies. It takes the Critical of Communication of Lucien Sfez (1994) as a reference. We emphasize the technological materiality and pragmatic of enunciation on the media and legal discourses that regulates the broadcasting in Brazil. When spaces of legality are marked, the spaces of the enunciation are marked too, creating political situations where language has a force. I made an analysis of two different broadcast bodies: the big enterprises authorized vs. little unauthorized television. Problems like écriture in Media, technological bodies and micro politics are discussed based on Jacques Derrida, Felix Guattari, Judith Butler texts and others.
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística

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Rodríguez, Penagos Carlos. "Metalinguistic information extraction from specialized texts to enrich computational lexicons." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7580.

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Este trabajo presenta un estudio empírico del uso y función del metalenguaje en el conocimiento científico experto y los lenguajes de especialidad en lengua inglesa, con especial atención al establecimiento, modificación y negociación de la terminología común del grupo de especialistas de cada área. Mediante enunciados discursivos llamados Operaciones Metalingüísticas Explícitas se formaliza y analiza el carácter dinámico de las estructuras conceptuales científicas y los sublenguajes que las vehiculan.
Por otro lado, se presenta la implementación de un sistema automático de extracción de información metalingüística en textos de especialidad. El sistema MOP (Metalinguistic Operation Processor) extrae enunciados metalingüísticos y definiciones de documentos especializados, utilizando tanto autómatas de estados finitos como algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. El sistema crear bases semi-estructuradas de información terminológica llamadas Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), de utilidad para la lexicografía especializada, el procesamiento del lenguaje natural y el estudio empírico de la evolución del conocimiento científico, entre otras aplicaciones.
This work presents an empirical study of the use and function of metalanguage in expert scientific knowledge and special-domain languages, with special focus on how each field's terminology is established, modified and negotiated within the group of experts. Through discourse statements called Explicit metalinguistic Operations the dynamic nature of conceptual structures and the sublanguages that embody them are formalized and analyzed.
On the other hand, it presents a system implementation for the automatic extraction of metalinguistic information from specialized texts. The Metalinguistic Operation Processor (MOP) system extracts metalinguistic statements and definitions from special-domain documents, using finite-state machinery and machine-learning algorithms. The system creates semi-structured databases called Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), useful for specialized lexicography, Natural Language Processing, and the empirical study of scientific knowledge, among other applications.

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Denke, Annika. "Nativelike performance : a corpus study of pragmatic markers, repair and repetition in native and non-native English speech /." Stockholm : Department of English, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-387.

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Gagne, Christophe. "Les interactions verbales en France et en Grande-Bretagne : étude comparative de quatre petits commerces français et britanniques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20051/document.

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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective comparative et interculturelle. Sa mise en œuvre repose sur l’idée que c’est en observant ce qui se passe dans les interactions du quotidien que l’on peut mieux comprendre le rapport que les cultures entretiennent, et mettre au jour ce que les comportements observés dans chacune des cultures étudiées ont de spécifique. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse minutieuse et détaillée d’enregistrements effectués dans quatre sites commerciaux français et britanniques, l’étude tente de comprendre le comportement langagier des participants en le mettant en relation avec divers éléments du contexte (éléments relevant du micro-contexte : matériel discursif contigu aux énoncés étudiés ; du contexte situationnel : agencement du site, nombre de participants, finalité de l’interaction ; du macro-contexte : place occupée par les interactions de commerce dans les cultures en question, par les sites, valeurs culturelles d’arrière-plan). La finalité de cette étude (qui aborde les rituels d’entrée et de sortie d’interaction ; les remerciements ; la réalisation d’actes de langage directifs : questions, requêtes, offres ; les séquences conversationnelles) est d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension des profils communicatifs relatifs aux cultures française et britannique
This thesis, which is of a contrastive and intercultural nature, is informed by the idea that it is by observing the behaviour of interactants in everyday interactions that the relationship between cultures can best be approached, and the specificity of the forms of behaviour encountered explored. Through the careful and detailed analysis of recordings taken in four different shops (French and British), the study aims to understand the linguistic behaviour of the participants by linking it to various contextual elements (micro-contextual elements: discursive material that surrounds the utterances analysed; situational elements: site layout, number of participants, interaction’s finality; macro-contextual ones: status of service encounters and of the types of shops selected, cultural values that underpin explored behaviour). The purpose of the study (which analyses opening and closing rituals; thanking; the way directive speech acts such as questions, offers and requests are performed; conversational sequences) is to provide a better understanding of the communicative styles that can be associated with French and British cultures

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Le, Mené Guigourès Marine. "L'acquisition d'un paradigme : éclairage multidimensionnel sur la mise en place des déterminants chez quatre enfants entre 1;6 et 3;5." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA031/document.

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De par leur présence à l’interface entre plusieurs domaines linguistiques (phonologie, morpho-syntaxe, sémantique ou pragmatique), les déterminants ont depuis longtemps suscité l’intérêt des chercheurs en acquisition. On trouve ainsi de nombreux travaux portant notamment sur les contraintes phono-prosodiques, lexico-syntaxiques, sémantiques ou pragmatiques à l’œuvre dans le processus d’acquisition de ces formes, mais peu d’entre eux ont cherché à proposer une analyse combinée de ces facteurs, en tenant compte à la fois des morphèmes adultes et des formes de transition (omissions et fillers). Nous avons donc souhaité, dans le cadre de ce travail, décrire l’émergence des déterminants et de leurs proto-formes en essayant de saisir, dans une perspective multidimensionnelle intégrant à la fois des facteurs distributionnels et fonctionnels, quels facteurs influencent le plus ce processus, et à quelles périodes.Cette thèse repose sur l’analyse d’un corpus longitudinal de quatre enfants, âgés de 1;6 pour le plus jeune lors de la première séance sélectionnée à 3;5 pour le plus âgé lors de la dernière. Nous avons repéré au sein de ce corpus tous les noms produits par les enfants ainsi que les formes les précédant et chaque syntagme a fait l’objet d’une analyse phono-prosodique, lexico-syntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique et discursive.Les résultats montrent d’une part que tous les facteurs distributionnels peuvent - à des degrés différents - influencer la production des formes pré-nominales, et d’autre part, que les usages que les enfants font des formes témoignent d’une sensibilité précoce à certains contrastes pragmatico-discursifs. Toutefois, aucun des facteurs pris séparément n’a permis de rendre compte de l’intégralité des productions des enfants. L’analyse conjointe de ces facteurs distributionnels et fonctionnels a confirmé les tendances dégagées au préalable et a mis en évidence l’influence d’un ensemble de facteurs (et en particulier, phono-prosodique, syntaxique et pragmatique) plus que d’un facteur unique ou prédominant tout au long du processus d’acquisition des déterminants
Given their presence at the crossroads of different linguistic fields (phonology, morphosyntax, semantics or pragmatics), determiners have for a long time aroused the interest of language acquisition researchers. We thus find several studies dealing with the phono-prosodic, lexical and syntactic, semantic or pragmatic constraints involved in the acquisition of determiners. But only few of them have provided a combined analysis of all these factors, considering both adult morphemes and transitional forms (omissions and filler syllables). Our study aims to describe the emergence of filler syllables and determiners and understand - in a multidimensional perspective examining simultaneously distributional and functional factors - which factors may affect the acquisition process, and over which periods of time.Our study is based on a corpus of four children, aged from 1;6 for the youngest in the first selected session to 3;5 for the eldest in the last session. We first identified all the noun phrases produced in the data and each occurrence was then analysed according to phono-prosodic, lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discursive factors.Our results show that each distributional factor may influence, at different degrees, the production of pre-nominal forms and that children’s use of forms shows early sensitivity to pragmatic factors. However, none of the factors taken separately have accounted for all of the children’s productions. An additional combined analysis of both distributional and functional factors has supported the initial trends and highlighted the influence of a series of factors (and in particular, phono-prosodic, syntactic and pragmatic), more than a single and predominant one throughout the acquisition process of determiners

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Mei, Wensheng. "A corpus-based comparative study of pragmatic markers : 'I mean' and 'you know' in native and non-native conversation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/11433/.

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This study investigates how the two pragmatic markers 'I mean' and 'you know' are used by Chinese EFL learners as compared to British speakers. To describe how these two markers by used by the Chinese learners, this study first investigates how they are used in the British speakers’ data. To obtain a finer picture of how they are used by the native speakers, the interpretation of their pragmatic meanings is open to all plausible explanations instead of being confined to one single theory or framework. As a result, this study sets up its own categories and comes up with much longer function lists than previous studies. In addition, a new framework is proposed. Following the completion of a detailed description of the pragmatic functions of I mean and you know, a detailed and systemic comparison between them in terms of the specific functions they play and their positioning are carried out on the grounds that these two markers are analyzed by following the same approach in the same data set. By highlighting the similarities and differences between them and explaining why, the comparison improves our understanding how they relate to each other in conversation. Compared to the British speakers, the Chinese learners show different patterns of I mean and you know in their L2 English. The main features of the learners’ uses of I mean and you know are: firstly, I mean is markedly under-represented and less pragmatized while you know is markedly over-represented and more pragmatized; secondly, both I mean and you know are used in more restricted contexts; finally, the pragmatic functions of I mean are more evenly distributed while you know heavily depends on a very small number of functions. Since I mean and you know are very unlikely to be taught in the classroom, the accounting for the patterns of them in the learners’ data is approached from the perspective of second language acquisition. This study follows the assumption that learners’ L2 production can be seen as the result of the interaction of all potential factors and the importance of a certain factor varies from one L2 phenomenon to another. The analysis seems to suggest that the learners’ uses of I mean are greatly influenced by the congruence between the pragmatic meaning and semantic meaning of I mean while the learners’ uses of you know are mainly affected by L1 influence. Other factors that seem to have impact on the production of both markers include the tasks performed by the learners and the learners’ proficiency level.

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Cano, Mora Laura. ""How to make a mountain out of a molehill": a corpus-based pragmatic and conversational analysis study of hyperbole in interation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9790.

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Since antiquity figures have been widely studied within the framework of rhetoric, although contemporary rhetoric has tended to disregard their importance and relegate their study to the domain of literary criticism. However, since the 1980s, there has been a renewed interest in figurative language not only in literary studies, but also in other fields of research. Indeed, research on figuration has emerged as a new and distinct discipline, namely figurative language studies. However, within this framework, metaphor and irony have received the greatest attention, while other non-literal forms have been largely ignored. This is certainly the case of hyperbole, a long neglected trope despite its ubiquity in discourse. The present study aims to make a contribution to the literature on exaggeration and so by extension to figurative language theories in general.Not all aspects of figuration have attracted equal interest among researchers. With a few exceptions, most attention has been directed at explaining how figures are comprehended, given their non-literal nature. In contrast to understanding, the question of production has been largely ignored. Similarly, although the reception process, in terms of understanding, has been widely studied, almost no attention has been devoted to listeners' responses to figures and their collaboration in a joint construction of non-literal frames.Rather than addressing comprehension, this study concentrates on the production process and usage of exaggeration, since these fields of research have been largely ignored in the literature on the subject. It aims to provide a general framework for the description and understanding of hyperbole in interaction, mainly from a production viewpoint but without totally disregarding the reception process, since special attention is devoted to the interactive dimension of exaggeration. This aim is formulated in terms of the following objectives:Objective 1: to provide an adequate definition of the notion of hyperbole; to list the criteria for identifying the trope so that non-exaggerated uses of expressions can be excluded.Objective 2: to set up a classification of overstated items according to semantic field, grammatical category, auxesis or meiosis, and interactivity with other figures.Objective 3: to explore the long neglected production process of hyperbole, both in terms of usage and functions.Objective 4: to examine the interactive nature of the trope, as an activity collaboratively constructed between speaker and hearer, by studying listeners' reactions and their own further contributions to overstatement.As for the theoretical framework, this study combines pragmatic and conversational-analytical methods with a corpus-based approach to the study of hyperbole. Exaggeration is a purely pragmatic phenomenon since it is entirely dependent on context. On the other hand, since overstatements are not one-off but complex lexico-grammatical items, they need to be examined within the constraints of placement, sequencing and turn-taking of conversational analysis. Finally, a major benefit of corpus-based research, only recently applied to the study of figures, is that it grounds its theorising on empirical observation rather than linguistic intuition. Besides, the use of corpora grants certain benefits, such as the use of naturalistic data, automatic access to context, evidence of interactivity and hyperbolic cues, wide coverage of genres, etc.The data examined consists of naturalistic spoken texts, totalling 52,000 words, extracted from the British National Corpus. The focus is on oral discourse, since not a great amount of research exists into everyday spoken hyperbole. The bulk of research has been conducted in written language or relies on artificial and elicited data. The aim was to demonstrate that although traditionally relegated to the literary text, hyperboles are rather ubiquitous strategies in everyday language. This idea adheres to a prevailing view among figurative language researchers, namely that cognition is partly figurative.
El lenguaje figurado ha sido, desde antiguo, ampliamente estudiado en el marco de la retórica. Más recientemente, las figuras retóricas parecen haber despertado un nuevo interés en otras disciplinas. De hecho, dichos estudios están empezando ya a ser considerados como una disciplina en sí: las teorías del lenguaje figurado. Dentro de este marco, metáfora e ironía han sido ampliamente estudiadas y como consecuencia de su estudio intensivo, otras figuras han sido marginadas. Éste es el caso de la hipérbole, figura retórica largo tiempo olvidada a pesar de su ubicuidad y tradicionalmente relegada al dominio de la crítica literaria.El presente estudio, en lugar de examinar el proceso de comprensión, se centra en la producción y uso de la exageración, temas escasamente tratados en la literatura existente. Intenta proporcionar un marco general para la descripción y comprensión de la hipérbole en la interacción, principalmente desde el punto de vista de la producción, pero sin descartar del todo el proceso de recepción, dado que su dimensión interactiva como figura creada conjuntamente entre hablante y oyente cobra especial relevancia. Dicho propósito se materializa en los siguientes objetivos:Objetivo 1: proporcionar una definición adecuada de la noción de exageración que nos permita diferenciarla de figuras afines y excluir los usos no exagerados de las expresiones.Objetivo 2: clasificar los elementos hiperbólicos de acuerdo con los siguientes parámetros: campo semántico, categoría gramatical, auxesis o meiosis, e interacción con otras figuras.Objetivo 3: explorar el descuidado proceso de producción de la figura en términos de uso y función.Objetivo 4: examinar la naturaleza interactiva del tropo, como actividad conjunta entre hablante y oyente, mediante el estudio de las respuestas y demás contribuciones del receptor al acto hiperbólico del hablante.Este estudio fusiona tres tipos de enfoque: pragmática, análisis conversacional y lingüística de corpus, a la hora de estudiar la exageración en el discurso oral, dado que son escasos los estudios de esta figura en el habla cotidiana. El corpus examinado abarca unas 52.000 palabras y es una selección de textos orales extraídos del British National Corpus.

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Junior, Benivaldo Jose de Araujo. "As passivas na produção escrita de brasileiros aprendizes de Espanhol como língua estrangeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-07082007-155519/.

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As construções passivas no Português Brasileiro e no Espanhol apresentam tanto tendências comuns, quanto assimetrias. Este trabalho tem o propósito de investigar os efeitos desse fenômeno na aquisição/aprendizagem de Espanhol por estudantes brasileiros. Inicialmente, propõe-se uma descrição das construções passivas nas duas línguas. Em seguida, faz-se uma análise contrastiva dessas construções no Português Brasileiro e no Espanhol. Finalmente, investiga-se o comportamento das construções passivas (sobretudo as perifrásticas e as lexicais) na produção escrita de brasileiros aprendizes de Espanhol língua estrangeira. Os resultados obtidos na análise dos corpora sugerem algumas hipóteses sobre os fatores que possivelmente influenciam a preferência dos aprendizes por determinadas construções em detrimento de outras
Passive constructions in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish present both common tendencies and assimetries. The aim of this project is to investigate the effects of such phenomenon on Spanish acquisition/learning process by brazilian students. Initially, a description of passive constructions is proposed for both languages. After that, a contrastive analysis is made of those constructions in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish. Finally, the behavior of passive constructions is analyzed in the written production of brazilian students who learn Spanish as a foreign language. Results from corpora analysis suggest some hypotheses on the factors which possibly influence learners\' choices for certain constructions to the detriment of others

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FAZZARI, NAZARENA. "Effetti pragmatici dell’omofonia. Un’indagine di campo sugli “auguri silenziosi” （无声的祝福）nel Cinese Moderno Standard, varietà di Langfang." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/58414.

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Il lavoro persegue l’obiettivo di raccogliere e analizzare le formule augurali che in Cina vengono veicolate tramite l’omofonia, un fenomeno che all’interno del Cinese Mandarino Standard ha un’incidenza di gran lunga superiore ad altre lingue. I dati sono stati raccolti nel corso di un’indagine di campo a Langfang (Hebei), tra settembre e dicembre 2017, tramite 30 interviste semi-strutturate su un campione tipologico a scelta ragionata, che ha portato alla creazione di un corpus scritto di 217.000 caratteri cinesi, e tramite osservazione. La ricerca ha evidenziato come nella cultura cinese permanga una radicata percezione del valore magico della parola, in grado con la sua sola formulazione di influenzare il corso degli eventi. L’omofonia si fa quindi portavoce di espressioni beneauguranti, con un duplice obiettivo pragmatico: da un lato, fornire rassicurazione psicologica al singolo, dall’altro creare appartenenza sociale, per cui il rispetto dell’omofonia si configura come una forma di adesione al sistema di valori in cui la società si riconosce. Il fenomeno si presenta estremamente dinamico: si evidenziano spinte innovative da parte dei giovani e invenzioni personali, un crescente orientamento verso messaggi augurali positivi, con una re-interpretazione dei tabu, e infine con la tendenza a una formulazione proverbiale.
This study aims at collecting the wishes hidden in Chinese homophonies. The data have been collected during a field search carried out in Langfang (Hebei), between September and December 2017, both through 30 semi-structured interviews to a judgmental sample, resulting in a written corpus of 217,000 Chinese characters, and through field observation. The study points out that a belief in the magical power of words still persists nowadays in Chinese culture. In such a cultural context, homophony conveys good wishes, with a twofold pragmatic aim: on one hand, it provides the individuals with psychological reassurance; on the other hand, it creates social we-ness and the respect of homophony is seen as adhering to the social value system the society identifies itself with. The homophonic phenomenon appears to be extremely dynamic: innovations are provided by the young, personal creativity is allowed, taboos are re-interpreted so that they take on a positive meaning and wishes tend to be formulated as proverbs.

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Klein, Janina. "L’expression du topic et l’usage des expressions référentielles dans les dialogues mère-enfant ˸ une mise en perspective multidimensionnelle des différents moyens d’expression référentielle en français et en allemand." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030018.

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Dans l’étude de l’usage des expressions référentielles, de nombreux travaux se sont intéressés à la relation entre formes linguistiques et fonctions saisies en termes informationnels, et la sensibilité précoce du jeune enfant à certaines facettes de la structuration informationnelle a été montré, notamment au statut attentionnel des référents et la dimension du topic-commentaire. La linguistique interactionnelle a adopté un point de vue complémentaire sur les expressions référentielles, et a montré comment les locuteurs signalent et accomplissent par leur choix d’une expression référentielle non seulement la référence, mais également diverses tâches liées à la gestion de l’interaction même. Nous avons souhaité, dans ce travail, apporter un éclairage multidimensionnel à la question de l’usage des expressions référentielles, et notamment au contraste entre formes faibles, fortes et disloquées, dans deux langues qui diffèrent quant aux moyens linguistiques employés pour marquer le topic.Notre analyse repose sur un corpus transversal de 12 enfants francophones et germanophones, âgés entre 2 et 3 ans. Nous avons analysé les formes et usages des expressions référentielles produites par les enfants et les adultes, en prenant en compte des facteurs morpho-syntaxiques, informationnels et interactionnels.Nos résultats montrent la complémentarité de ces différents facteurs dans l’explication des usages chez l’enfant et chez l’adulte. Nous avons pu mettre en avant les emplois spécifiques de certaines ressources linguistiques comme les dislocations, les pronoms démonstratifs der/die/das ainsi que des formes nulles et décrire leur fonctionnement dans des formats d’interaction qui facilitent l’inscription du jeune enfant dans la gestion du discours et de l’interaction
In the study of the use of referring expressions, numerous studies have looked into the relationship between linguistic forms and informationally defined functions, and have put forth the early sensitivity of young children to certain aspects of information structuring, notably with regard to attentional status of referents and the topic-comment dimension. Interactional linguistics have adopted a complementary approach on referring expressions and have shown how speakers signal and accomplish, by their choice of a referring expression, not only reference, but also various tasks pertaining to the management of interaction proper.Our study aims to shed further light, in a multidimensional perspective, on the use of referring expressions, and especially on the contrast between week, strong and dislocated forms, by studying two languages which exploit different linguistic means to mark sentence topic.Our analysis is based on a cross-sectional database of 12 French- and German-speaking children, aged 2 to 3 years. We analyzed the forms and uses of referring expressions in the children’s and the adult’s speech, by considering morph-syntactic, informational and interactional factors.Results show the complementary nature of these different factors when explaining referring expression use in children and in adults. We were also able to put forth specific uses of certain linguistic means, such as French dislocations, German demonstrative der/die/das and null forms, and we described their functioning within interactional routines that aid the young children to join in on discourse and interaction

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Benmoftah, Najah. "Des ligateurs de cause : étude contrastive entre le français parlé à Paris et l’arabe parlé à Tripoli (Libye). Proprietés syntaxiques et fonctionnements pragmatico-discursifs." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA051/document.

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Cette thèse en linguistique contrastive décrit et met en opposition les propriétés syntaxiques ainsi que les fonctionnements pragmatico-discursifs de parce que en français parlé dans le septième arrondissement de Paris et de certains de ses équivalents en arabe parlé à Tripoli (Libye) : liʔǝnna, ʕlēxāṭǝṛ, māhu et biḥkum.Pour ce qui concerne l’arabe parlé à Tripoli, ces ligateurs peuvent appartenir à deux classes grammaticales différentes : ils peuvent être des ligateurs conjonctionnels et/ou des ligateurs prépositionnels. Cela dépend de leur degré de grammaticalisation. Alors que liʔanna et māhu sont des ligateurs conjonctionnels qui introduisent des propositions subordonnées organisées autour de prédicats verbaux ou non-verbaux, ʕlēxāṭǝṛ et biḥkum peuvent s’employer comme ligateurs prépositionnels et introduire des compléments circonstanciels, ou grammaticalisés comme ligateurs conjonctionnels et introduire des propositions causales.De plus, ces ligateurs peuvent occuper une position canonique lorsque le ligateur suit une proposition principale et introduit une causale, ou une position non-canonique pour laquelle il existe deux cas de figure : soit l’énoncé commence par la causale qui est introduite par un ligateur de cause et la causale est suivie par la proposition principale, soit l’énoncé commence par la proposition principale qui est suivie par la causale qui n’est pas introduite par un ligateur de cause ; ce dernier se trouve en fin de causale et clôture l’énoncé. D’un point de vue pragmatique, la modification de l’ordre des constituants, lorsque les ligateurs et les causales ne sont pas en position canonique, permet de focaliser la causale.Contrairement à l’arabe de Tripoli, l’examen du Corpus du Français Parlé Parisien des années 2000 (CFPP2000) montre que parce que est un ligateur conjonctionnel et introduit des propositions causales qui s’organisent autour de prédicats verbaux, très rarement averbaux.De plus, parce que peut occuper une position canonique lorsque le ligateur suit une proposition principale et introduit une causale et non canonique lorsque parce que suit le présentatif c’est et introduit une causale. Mais il ne peut pas être postposé. Il n’accepte pas non plus de suffixe.En outre, parce que peut être repris mais sous la forme réduite « que », lorsqu’il introduit plusieurs propositions causales. On remarque alors une série de « que ».Parce que ne peut pas non plus relier deux énoncés coordonnés par la préposition et. D’un point de vue pragmatique lorsque l'énoncé commence par c'est parce que, cette structure permet de focaliser la causale
This contrastive linguistic thesis describes and contrasts the syntactic properties and the pragmatic-discursive function of parce que in spoken French in the seventh district of Paris and some of its Arab equivalents in spoken Arabic of Tripoli (Libya): liʔǝnna, ʕlēxāṭǝṛ, māhu and biḥkum.Regarding the spoken Arabic of Tripoli, these ligators may belong to two different grammatical classes: they may be conjunctional ligators and / or prepositional ligators. It depends on their degree of grammaticalization. While liʔanna and māhu are conjunctional ligators that introduce causal clauses organized around verbal or non-verbal predicates, ʕlēxāṭǝṛ and biḥkum can be used as prepositional ligators and introduce circumstantial complements or be grammaticalized as conjunctional ligators and introduce causal clause.In addition, these ligators can occupy a canonical position when the ligator follows a main clause and introduces a causal clause or a non-canonical position for which there are two cases : either the utterance begins with the causal which is introduced by the ligator of cause and is followed by the main clause, or the utterance begins with the main clause which is followed by the causal not introduced by a ligator of cause; the latter is found at the end of the causal and closing the utterance. From a pragmatic point of view, changing the order of the constituents when ligators and causal clauses are not in canonical position allows the focalization of the causal clause.Unlike the spoken Arabic of Tripoli, the examination of the “Corpus Français Parlé Parsien des années 2000 (CFPP2000)” shows that parce que is conjunctional ligator. It introduces a causal clause organized around verbal predicate, rarely non-verbal.Parce que can occupy a canonical position when the ligator follows a main clause and introduces a causal clause and a non-canonical position when parce que follows c’est and introduces a causal clause. However, it cannot be postponed and it does not accept either suffix.When parce que introduces several causal clauses, it may be found but in reduced form que, giving a series of que.In addition, parce que cannot connect two utterances coordinated by the preposition et. From a pragmatic point of view, when the utterance begins with c’est parce que this structure allows to focalisation of the causal clause

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Zlitni, Mériem. "Contacts de langues (italien, sicilien, arabe) : le cas du journal italien Simpaticuni (Tunis, 1911-1933)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100120/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une mise en lumière des aspects linguistiques relatifs aux phénomènes de contacts entre locuteurs arabophones et locuteurs appartenant à la communauté sicilienne de Tunisie à travers l’étude d’une chronique particulière, éditée dans le journal italien Simpaticuni (1911-1933). L’un des objectifs de cette recherche est l’analyse du tissu linguistique du corpus dans le but de déterminer la nature véritable de cette langue. Cela se traduit par l’identification des particularités phono-graphiques, morphologiques, syntaxiques et lexicologiques de la langue employée, et par la recherche de la sicilianité des textes en déterminant le degré de dialectalité. Puis, nous examinons les mots empruntés à l’arabe tunisien afin d’en analyser le fonctionnement et la modalité d’insertion dans le tissu syntaxique des chroniques et d’en définir la typologie. S’agit-il de référents à des objets quotidiens ? D’insertions pragmatiques? Quelle est la signification de ces choix ? Enfin, étant donné la nature dialogale de nos textes, nous étudions les variétés en interaction, travail qui permettra d’interpréter la présence des emprunts à l’arabe dans le discours. La numérisation exhaustive d’une rubrique particulière du Simpaticuni a pour objectif d’élargir la quête lexicologique des auteurs qui ont travaillé sur ce journal
In this thesis, we propose to highlight the linguistic aspects relating to languages in contact, more particularly between Arabic and Sicilian speakers of Tunisia, through the study of a particular column, published in the Italian newspaper Simpaticuni (1911-1933). One of the issues of this research is to analyses the linguistic base of the corpus, aiming at determining the real nature of this language. In this respect we describe the phonographic, morphological, syntactical and vocabulary features of this language, and measure in what extent the given texts are of a Sicilian nature according to their dialectal degree. We then gather the words borrowed from Tunisian Arabic in order to study their function and the way they occur inside the syntactic structure of the columns, and therefore define their typology. Would they refer to daily objects? Or to pragmatic inclusions? What do these choices mean? Finally, given the speech nature of our texts, we study the varieties in interaction, which will enable us to understand why some words have been borrowed from Arabic. Digitising the whole particular column of the Simpaticuni will enhance the glossary collection undertaken by other scholars who previously worked on this newspaper

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Wright, Kelly E. "The Reflection and Reification of Racialized Language in Popular Media." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/18.

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This work highlights specific lexical items that have become racialized in specific contextual applications and tests how these words are cognitively processed. This work presents the results of a visual world (Huettig et al 2011) eye-tracking study designed to determine the perception and application of racialized (Coates 2011) adjectives. To objectively select the racialized adjectives used, I developed a corpus comprised of popular media sources, designed specifically to suit my research question. I collected publications from digital media sources such as Sports Illustrated, USA Today, and Fortune by scraping articles featuring specific search terms from their websites. This experiment seeks to aid in the demarcation of socially salient groups whose application of racialized adjectives to racialized images is near instantaneous, or at least less questioned. As we view growing social movements which revolve around the significant marks unconscious assumptions leave on American society, revealing how and where these lexical assignments arise and thrive allows us to interrogate the forces which build and reify such biases. Future research should attempt to address the harmful semiotics these lexical choices sustain.

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Saarbach, Pascale. "Ann Hamilton : l'expérience ou le champ du possible." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG030.

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Parce que l’installation représente le mode privilégié de l’art d’Ann Hamilton (née en 1956 à Lima, Ohio), la problématique de l’expérience y tient une place centrale. L’intérêt que porte l’artiste américaine à la présence attentive du spectateur dans ses œuvres répond à certains enjeux que l’expérience soulève, à une époque où les capacités de perception, de mémoire, d’imagination et de participation ne semblent plus garants d’un avenir commun ni meilleur. Inséparable d’une culture dont la pensée pragmatiste constitue la principale source, le travail d’Ann Hamilton témoigne, depuis près de quarante ans, d’une préoccupation éthique et philosophique soucieuse de réhabiliter le savoir du corps, d’améliorer l’écoute et l’attention dans une perspective permettant à chacun d’être conscient de son pouvoir d’agir et de contribuer – à l’échelle intime du simple geste de la main ou de la voix – au changement et à l’ouverture d’un champ de possibilités
Because installation represents the favored medium of Ann Hamilton (born in 1956 in Lima, Ohio), the problematic of experience occupies a central place in her practice. The artist’s interest for the viewer’s attentive presence in the works corresponds to certain issues that the experience raises, at a time when the capacities of perception, memory, imagination and participation no longer seem to guarantee a common or better future. Inseparable from a culture whose pragmatist thinking is the main source, the work of Ann Hamilton shows, for nearly forty years, an ethical and philosophical concern to rehabilitate body knowledge, to improve listening and attention in a perspective allowing each one to be aware of his capacity to act and contribute - on the intimate scale of the simple gesture of the hand or the voice - to the change and the opening of a field of possibilities

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Mak, King Tong Blyth Carl S. "The dynamics of collocation a corpus-based study of the phraseology and pragmatics of the introductory-it construction /." 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1776/makk46662.pdf.

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Mak, King Tong. "The dynamics of collocation: a corpus-based study of the phraseology and pragmatics of the introductory-it construction." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1776.

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Žežulková, Jana. "Citoslovce ve španělštině a češtině s přihlédnutím ke katalánštině." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346974.

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The aim of the thesis is to analyse the interjections in Spanish and Czech with regard to Catalan. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical one is focused on the definition of interjections form the grammatical point of view; moreover, it describes the distinction between proper and improper interjections. Subsequently, it goes through the role of interjections in the field of pragmatics, especially in terms of interpretation of the utterance and expression of its modal meanings. According to the predominant function, they are classified into mainly three categories - expressive, apellative and phatic. The practical part is focused on analysing some of the most important Spanish proper interjections: eh, ah, oh, ay, bah, uy, ja, zas, pum, hum and uf and their Catalan equivalent eh, ah, oh, ai, bah, ui, ha ha, zas (or xac), pum, hum and uf. The analysis is based on the linguistic corpus InterCorp. The most important part of the practical part are Spanish interjections and their Czech equivalents, while the Catalan ones are considered complementary. Key words: interjections - Spanish - Czech - Catalan - modality - pragmatics - linguistic corpus

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Nomdebevana, Nozibele. "Exploring the use of a spoken Xhosa corpus for developing Xhosa additional language teaching materials." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13327.

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South African indigenous language teaching and learning materials do not provide sufficient information to help additional language learners learn the target languages effectively. While there are institutions that are tasked with developing and sharpening the skills of students in speaking South African indigenous languages, such students hardly, if at all master the art of speaking them eloquently. Students who study these languages in order to converse proficiently with their mother-tongue speakers experience insurmountable difficulties, in spite of various efforts made by the teachers who train them to read books on their own. Passing their examinations does not mean that the students’ ability to communicate with mother-tongue speakers will improve to the extent of eliminating the prevailing misunderstanding between the two groups. The persistence of this problem reveals a discrepancy between the studies of indigenous languages in South Africa and the way of speaking them, whereby important linguistic elements that make communication more authentic are excluded in language materials. This study analyses the use and significance of CIFWs in daily interactions by investigating the two Xhosa CIFWs words wethu and bethu. The overall aim of this study is to explore the use of a corpus in the examination of CIFWs in general, and wethu and bethu in particular. Both a quantitative approach based on the Gothenburg-Unisa spoken corpus and a qualitative approach based on Allwoods’ ACA theoretical framework were used in the analysis and description of the functions and significances of wethu and bethu as communicative and interactive function words.
Linguistics and Modern Languages
M.A. (Applied Linguistics)

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Nomdebevana, Nozibele. "Exploring the use of a spoken Xhosa corpus for developing Xhosa additional language teaching matetrials." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13327.

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South African indigenous language teaching and learning materials do not provide sufficient information to help additional language learners learn the target languages effectively. While there are institutions that are tasked with developing and sharpening the skills of students in speaking South African indigenous languages, such students hardly, if at all master the art of speaking them eloquently. Students who study these languages in order to converse proficiently with their mother-tongue speakers experience insurmountable difficulties, in spite of various efforts made by the teachers who train them to read books on their own. Passing their examinations does not mean that the students’ ability to communicate with mother-tongue speakers will improve to the extent of eliminating the prevailing misunderstanding between the two groups. The persistence of this problem reveals a discrepancy between the studies of indigenous languages in South Africa and the way of speaking them, whereby important linguistic elements that make communication more authentic are excluded in language materials. This study analyses the use and significance of CIFWs in daily interactions by investigating the two Xhosa CIFWs words wethu and bethu. The overall aim of this study is to explore the use of a corpus in the examination of CIFWs in general, and wethu and bethu in particular. Both a quantitative approach based on the Gothenburg-Unisa spoken corpus and a qualitative approach based on Allwoods’ ACA theoretical framework were used in the analysis and description of the functions and significances of wethu and bethu as communicative and interactive function words.
Linguistics
MA ((Applied Linguistics)

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Rybová, Martina. "Verbální epistemické parenteze v němčině a češtině." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390077.

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The presented diploma thesis deals with the description of verbal epistemic parentheses such as (ich) glaub(e) or (ich) mein(e) in German and myslím in Czech. These types usually do not belong among the means of expressing epistemic modality and are often neglected in current dictionaries and grammars, although they have a different meaning than the verb they originated from. The diploma thesis analyzes parentheses (ich) glaub(e) in German and myslím in Czech via spoken language corpora. The German data were acquired from FOLK (Forschungs- und Lehrkorpus gesprochenes Deutsch) which is a part of IDS Mannheim corpora. The Czech data come from ORAL v1 (Český národní korpus). The overall aim was to describe their syntactic behaviour, their semantics, and in some cases their prosodic features. The theoretical part focuses on distinguishing between discourse markers and particles. Such distinction forms a foundation for the analysis. The differentiation between grammaticalization and pragmaticalization is also commented on. Both parentheses were examined with relation to their syntactic position, syntactic integration, and their potential function as fillers. Based on the analysis, both constructions evince an advanced level of particularization and have features of particles and/or discourse markers....

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Шашмурина, Е. Л., and E. L. Shashmurina. "Семантико-прагматические особенности существительных со значением «сложившееся в обществе мнение о ком-либо, чем-либо» : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/77644.

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Работа посвящена описанию и сопоставлению семантики лексем имидж, репутация, реноме, имя, слава. Исследование выполнено в рамках семасиологического и коммуникативного подходов к лексическому значению. Они обусловили направление анализа, который включает два этапа. На первом этапе анализируется лексическое значение слов имидж, репутация, реноме, имя, слава и описывается их семная структура с опорой на лексикографические источники. Материалом на данном этапе являлись дефиниции, извлеченные из толковых словарей русского языка, словарей иностранных слов, словарей синонимов, фразеологического и этимологического словарей. На втором этапе был произведен анализ слов имидж, репутация, реноме, имя, слава в контексте, были выявлены основные способы реализаций того или иного семантического компонента. Материалом на данном этапе являлись высказывания, извлеченные из Национального корпуса русского языка.
The work is devoted to the description and comparison of the semantics of the lexemes «имидж», «репутация», «реноме», «имя», «слава». The study was carried out in the framework of semasiological and communicative approaches to the lexical meaning. They determined the direction of the analysis, which includes two stages. At the first stage, the structure of the lexical meaning of the words «имидж», «репутация», «реноме», «имя», «слава» was analyzed and described, based on lexicographical sources. The material at this stage was the definitions extracted from the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, dictionaries of foreign words, synonyms, phraseological and etymological dictionaries. At the first stage, the structure of the lexical meaning of the words «имидж», «репутация», «реноме», «имя», «слава» was analyzed and described, based on lexicographical sources. The material at this stage was the definitions extracted from the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, dictionaries of foreign words, synonyms, phraseological and etymological dictionaries. At the second stage, a contextual analysis of the words «имидж», «репутация», «реноме», «имя», «слава» was conducted and the main ways of realizing semantic components were revealed. The material at this stage were the statements extracted from the National Corps of the Russian language.

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Bassa, Vanrell Maria del Mar. "Preposition typology with manner of motion verbs in Spanish." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23654.

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Spanish, as a V(erb)-framed language (Talmy 1985), is expected to lexicalize the path of motion in the verb and manner in some satellite when it comes to the description of motion events. Nonetheless, it shows mixed properties (e.g. Aske 1989, Berman & Slobin 1994). All manner of motion verbs can take a path satellite introduced by the prepositions "hacia" and "hasta", and yet only some can take a path satellite introduced by the preposition "a." I claim that goal XPs introduced by "hasta" and "hacia" are adjuncts, whereas "a" is an argument marker. In order to capture the intermediacy of a verb’s ability to take a goal XP, I classify manner of motion verbs according to a three-way distinction that takes into account whether they encode path categorically, overwhelmingly, or only sometimes, and whether they lexically reject the notion of a goal. Finally, I posit verb coercion—under certain semantic and pragmatic conditions—of manner of motion verbs that strongly or categorically favor displacement in order to express a goal. These semantic/pragmatic influential factors are reduced to (i) degree of manner and (ii) degree of goal-orientedness.
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CHANG, YA WEN, and 張雅雯. "Pragmatic Functions of Mandarin Wo Juede and Wo Xiang in the Spoken Corpus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dfma93.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
語文教育學系華語文教學碩士班
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This study explores the pragmatic-discourse function of stance markers Wo Juede and Wo Xiang in spoken Chinese. This research is a corpus-based study, using conversation analysis approach (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson,1974) as the analytic framework, along with Principle of politeness (Leech, 1983) and face-saving theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987) to account for their pragmatic-discourse functions. In this research, we choose to use the corpus from the NCCU corpus of spoken Chinese. The aim of this research is to explore how people use Wo Juede and Wo Xiang to express their thoughts and stances in daily conversation. The research findings suggest that Wo Juede is commonly used in the following contexts: to give a positive response, to give a negative response, to provide a suggestion, to comment on someone or something, to conjecture, and to decline euphemistically. The other marker Wo Xiang in this research is used in the following contexts: to express thoughts, to give an explanation, to comment, to conjecture, to emphasize the stance, and to provide suggestions. To compare the contexts of Wo Juede and Wo Xiang, they are both employed when the speaker comments, conjectures, and provides suggestions. Speakers prefer using Wo Juede to Wo Xiang while they are talking in a relaxed situation, and they use Wo Juede or Wo Xiang to express their thoughts and stances euphemistically. In conclusion, Wo Juede and Wo Xiang are the discourse markers for expressing someone’s thoughts and stances and speakers in interaction use them to accomplish a variety of communicative purposes in different contexts.

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Nunes, Alexandra José Cabral Sá. "Contributos pragmático-linguísticos para a análise da dêixis em textos online: estudo de corpora de notícias e de anúncios de teor considerado (pseudo)científico e (pseudo)medicinal, extraídos de sites catalogados como veiculadores de notícias falsas." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/3021.

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A prática discursiva, designada pelo empréstimo fake news, caracteriza-se pela disseminação intencional de informação falsa, duvidosa ou (des)informação. Além de ser uma ameaça para as democracias e para o jornalismo, pode também consistir num risco para a saúde pública. O objetivo desta investigação consiste em realizar uma análise pragmática de deíticos, em corpora de notícias, e dos respetivos anúncios publicitários, de conteúdo (pseudo)científico e (pseudo)medicinal, extraídos de dois sites . Estes sites têm sido considerados veiculadores de fake news ou notícias falsas pela imprensa diária portuguesa, nomeadamente pelo Diário de Notícias e pelo Jornal de Notícias. Recorre-se à metodologia quantitativa da Linguística de Corpus e ao programa de concordâncias WordSmith Tools, versão 7, para extrair listas de frequência, listas de palavras por ordem alfabética, clusters e linhas de concordância das ocorrências. Efetua-se uma análise discursiva de deíticos no plano enunciativo, no enquadramento teórico da proximização. Definida como uma estratégia pragmático-cognitiva de redução da distância, permite manipular ou ampliar a proximidade espacial, temporal, pessoal, emocional, epistémica ou axiológica. Ao forçar uma representação proximal de determinadas perspetivações conceptuais, persuade, consequentemente, o alocutário a aderir ou a identificar-se mais facilmente com o conteúdo veiculado (cf. Cap, 2006, 2008, 2010a-b, 2013a-b, 2014a-c, 2015, 2017; Chilton, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2014; Kopytowska, 2013, 2014a-b, 2015a- -b). Nos corpora em estudo, constata-se que se investe sobretudo nos tipos de proximização emocional, pessoal e temporal, o que pode contribuir, em combinação com outras características, para a identificação de notícias falsas. Os resultados indicam que futuras investigações podem centrar-se na análise de deíticos, tais como pronomes pessoais e possessivos, de primeira e de segunda pessoas, bem como a pessoa verbal, o Imperativo, o infinitivo, o aspeto progressivo, além de tempos verbais no Presente.
The discursive practice, called fake news, is characterized by the intentional dissemination of false or dubious content, or (mis)information. Besides being a threat to democracies and journalism, it can also be a risk for public health. The objective of this investigation is to undertake a pragmatic analysis of deictic items in news corpora and their corresponding advertisements of (pseudo)scientific and ites have been considered to spread fake news by the Portuguese daily press, namely Diário de Notícias and Jornal de Notícias. The quantitative methodology of Corpus Linguistics, as well as WordSmith Tools concordance, version 7, are used to extract frequency lists, alphabetical word lists, clusters, and concordance lines of the occurrences. A discursive analysis of deictic items is undertaken, in the theoretical framework of -cognitive strategy of distance reduction, it allows to manipulate or improve the spatial, temporal, personal, emotional, epistemic or axiological proximity. By forcing a proximal representation of certain construals, it consequently persuades the hearer to adhere to or identify more easily with the content conveyed (cf. Cap, 2006, 2008, 2010a-b, 2013a-b, 2014a-c, 2015, 2017; Chilton, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2014; Kopytowska, 2013, 2014a-b, 2015a-c, 2018; Kopytowska, Grabowski -b). In the corpora under study, there is an investment on emotional, personal and temporal proximization types, which can contribute, in combination with other characteristics, to the identification of fake news. The results indicate that future investigations can focus on the analysis of deictic items, such as personal and possessive pronouns of first and second person, as well as, grammatical person, the imperative, the infinitive, the progressive aspect, in addition to present verb tenses.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Corpus pragmatics'

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