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Journal articles on the topic 'Correct spellings'
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1
Kirkbride, Sybella, and Barlow C. Wright. "The role of analogy use in improving early spelling performance." Educational and Child Psychology 19, no. 4 (2002): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2002.19.4.91.
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AbstractThis paper reports on an investigation into the effectiveness of teaching year 1 and 2 children to use analogy in spelling. It also looks at which word units (onset+peak, peak, rime or coda) most contribute to correct analogy use. The study employed a mixed design, with 36 children divided into an experimental and a control group. Three spelling tests (at times 1, 2 and 3) were administered to both groups approximately five weeks apart with a five-week intervention programme between the first and second tests, during which the experimental group only received coaching in analogy use in spelling. Comparison of the means for correct spellings at times 1 and 2 showed a significant improvement in the experimental group’s correct spelling performance compared with controls, and this advantage was maintained, though less marked, at time 3. Spellings were scored three times: on the basis of correct spelling, phonological plausibility (PP) and evidence of analogy use. This allowed examination of the relationship between correct spelling, PP and analogy use. Separate regression analyses for the two groups showed analogy use to be more predictive of correct spelling than PP for the intervention group, whereas the reverse was the case for controls. This suggests that it was the coaching in analogy use in spelling, rather than intervention per se, which made the difference to the intervention group’s correct spelling performance. Finally, a comparison of the overall means for correct analogy use showed no significant difference between the units onset+peak, rime or coda, but the rime made a greater contribution to correct spelling than the peak.
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Gasimova, Maya Rahim. "WAYS TO FORM CORRECT WRITING HABITS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL." Alatoo Academic Studies 23, no. 1 (2023): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.231.20.
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The article talks about the ways of forming spelling habits in elementary school students. Written speech plays an important role in a person's life. The decisive indicator at the level of writing culture is its level of literacy. Society has always recognized the need for orthographic literacy in order to ensure mutual understanding of people in written communication. That is why the issue of teaching literate writing has been and continues to be one of the central problems at all stages of development of the national school. Formation of stable spelling habits requires numerous and varied studies aimed at mastering grammatical concepts and spelling rules. For this purpose, the efficiency of using grammatical-orthographic and etymological analyses, studies accompanied by face transfer, various types of teaching and checking spellings, lexical-orthographic studies, expressions and essays, mnemonic principles, didactic aids and organization of work with punch cards was emphasized.
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Istiak, Ahamed, Jahan Maliha, Tasnim Zarin, Karim Tajbia, M. Salim Reza S., and Ara Hossain Dilshad. "Spell corrector for Bangla language using Norvig's algorithm and Jaro-Winkler distance." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (2021): 1997~2005. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.2410.
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In the online world, especially in the social media platform most of us write without much regard to correct spelling and grammar. The spelling mistakes are much larger in proportion when it comes to Bangla language. In our paper, we presented a method for error detection and correction in Bangla words' spellings. Our system could detect a misspelled Bangla word and provide two following services-suggesting correct spellings for the word and correcting the word. We had used Norvig's algorithm for the purpose but instead of using probabilities of the words to prepare the suggestions and corrections, we had used Jaro-Winkler distance. The previous works done in this field for Bangla language are either very slow or offers less accuracy. Our system successfully achieved a 97% accuracy when evaluated with 1000 Bangla words.
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Ahamed, Istiak, Maliha Jahan, Zarin Tasnim, Tajbia Karim, S. M. Salim Reza, and Dilshad Ara Hossain. "Spell corrector for Bangla language using Norvig’s algorithm and Jaro-Winkler distance." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (2021): 1997–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.2410.
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In the online world, especially in the social media platform most of us write without much regard to correct spelling and grammar. The spelling mistakes are much larger in proportion when it comes to Bangla language. In our paper, we presented a method for error detection and correction in Bangla words' spellings. Our system could detect a misspelled Bangla word and provide two following services-suggesting correct spellings for the word and correcting the word. We had used Norvig's algorithm for the purpose but instead of using probabilities of the words to prepare the suggestions and corrections, we had used Jaro-Winkler distance. The previous works done in this field for Bangla language are either very slow or offers less accuracy. Our system successfully achieved a 97% accuracy when evaluated with 1000 Bangla words.
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Mehta, Arpan R., Puja R. Mehta, Stephen P. Anderson, Barbara L. H. MacKinnon, and Alastair Compston. "Etymology and the neuron(e)." Brain 143, no. 1 (2019): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz367.
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‘Neuron’ or ‘neurone’? While it is often assumed that these different spellings reflect usage of American versus British English, there are also inconsistencies within these cultural boundaries. Mehta et al. review historical, etymological and linguistic evidence concerning the spelling of ‘neuron(e)’ and conclude that the only correct spelling is ‘neuron’.
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Munir, Tahira. "Standardization of English language spellings used in textism: A viewpoint of undergraduate learners in Pakistan." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 57 (2022): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.57.09.2.
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The purpose of this quantitative research is to explore the perspective of students in Pakistan if they prefer the English language standard spellings to be changed in accordance with the texting spelling structures for properly matching pronunciation with spellings. A sample size of 100 students was randomly selected from among the undergraduates of colleges in Lahore; 50 male students and 50 females. Using a questionnaire, students were asked about their opinion if a particular set of spellings used in texting becomes formally accepted; which spellings they would prefer if given a choice; if learning and mastering the English language be improved with this advancement; and if they find the same spelling and pronunciation mismatch in their own language too. The texting word forms included words from the category of short forms and vowel deletion. Using SPSS, the responses were evaluated and the hypotheses were tested. The results show that students hold the same firmness as the other language trainers and researchers i.e. the preservation and correct practice of standard English language, and that SMS slang does not interfere with the standard norms of English language.
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Bahr, Ruth Huntley, Elaine R. Silliman, and Virginia W. Berninger. "Derivational Morphology Bridges Phonology and Orthography: Insights Into the Development of Word-Specific Spellings by Superior, Average, and Poor Spellers." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 51, no. 3 (2020): 640–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00090.
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Purpose Morphology, which is a bridge between phonology and orthography, plays an important role in the development of word-specific spellings. This study, which employed longitudinal sampling of typically developing students in Grades 3, 4, and 5, explored how the misspellings of words with derivational suffixes shed light on the interplay of phonological, orthographic, and morphological (POM) linguistic features as students learn to integrate POM features appropriately to generate correct spellings. Method Sixty typically developing Grade 3 students were tested using the Spelling subtest from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–Second Edition (Wechsler, 2001) and were divided into superior, average, and poor spellers. Students' spelling skill was then assessed using the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–Second Edition annually for another 2 years. Misspelled derivations from these three testing sessions were analyzed for linguistic feature errors and error complexity/severity. Differences in the integration of POM features across spelling ability levels at Grades 3–5 were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis analyses of variance. Results Longitudinal results demonstrated POM integration for the development of word-specific spellings involving derivational morphology was in its initial stages over Grades 3–5 and was influenced by spelling ability level. Information from a qualitative analysis revealed considerable variability in how students applied their POM knowledge to spell complex derivations. Conclusions Word-specific spellings draw on multiple linguistic codes—P, O, and M—and their interconnections. It involves more than an understanding of orthographic rules. Rather, accurate spelling develops through an increased understanding of the phoneme–grapheme relationships as facilitated by the identification of word parts (base + or − affixes) in written language. Educational and clinical implications are discussed.
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Griffith, Priscilla L. "Phonemic Awareness Helps First Graders Invent Spellings and Third Graders Remember Correct Spellings." Journal of Reading Behavior 23, no. 2 (1991): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969109547737.
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DUBOIS, ALAIN. "First Reviser actions in ornithology: an editorial note." Zootaxa 2085, no. 1 (2009): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2085.1.2.
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In the introduction of their most useful work on First-Reviser (FR) actions in ornithology, David et al. (2009) wrote: “It has been suggested that we should have drawn upon nomenclators. We have not done this. We did examine Neave (1939–1940) and noted that he made clear that in such cases his ‘signals’ were used to identify the first spelling, thus although he gives other spellings we do not consider he was deliberately selecting a spelling in the sense the Code expects.” This decision is a disputable one. According to the Code, any published choice for a scientific name or nomen (Dubois 2000) of a correct original spelling or eunym (Dubois 2000) among multiple original spellings qualifies as an FR action, whatever the “kind” of publication involved. Two kinds of sources were deliberately not examined by David et al. (2009) for their review, and should be so by subsequent authors: (1) the Zoological Record (ZR), published yearly since 1864, and which, especially in its early years, provided comments, nomenclatural acts, synonymisations and even new nomina and new morphonyms for existing nomina (Dubois 2000; e.g., justified and unjustified emendations or incorrect subsequent spellings); (2) the various Nomenclatores Zoologici published in the 19th and 20th century, such as Agassiz (1846 and previous editions), Apstein (1915), Sherborn (1932) and Neave (1939a-b, 1940a-b). All these works fully qualify as scientific publications, and they should be quoted whenever relevant. At least some of these sources include clear or questionable FR actions between multiple original spellings.
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Amandeep, Singh*, and Meenakshi Sharma Prof. "SPELL CHECKING AND ERROR CORRECTING SYSTEM FOR TEXT PARAGRAPHS WRITTEN IN PUNJABI OR HINDI LANGUAGEUSING HYBRID APPROACH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 4 (2016): 399–408. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49716.
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Spell-checking is the process of detecting and correcting incorrectly spelled words in a text paragraph. Spell checking system first detects the incorrect words and then provide the best possible solution of corrected words. Spell checking system is a combination of handcrafted rules of the language for which spell checking system is to be created and a dictionary which contain the accurate spellings of various words. Better rules and large dictionary of words is help to improve the rate of error detection otherwise all the errors cannot be detected. After detecting the wrong or misspelled words ,the various spell correcting techniques are used to provide the best accurate correct words or alternate words which higher the rate of correction of the wrong words. There are many systems available for detecting and correcting text. The system is made to check the spellings and to correct them using various techniques for Punjabi-Hindi text. We used hybrid approach to implement the Spelling checking and Correcting System. This hybrid approach is a combination of “Dictionary look up approach”, “Rule based approach”, “N-Gram Approach”, “Edit Distance approach” and use linguistic features of the Punjabi-Hindi language. This System gives the result accuracy as 91% according to the research work for Punjabi-Hindi words. It gives nearby result up to 91% of words tested in the input data.It gives results for rest of 9% but not the best possible correct word was displayed on the top of the correct word list from the database.
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TURNBULL, KATHRYN, S. HÉLÈNE DEACON, and ELIZABETH KAY-RAINING BIRD. "Mastering inflectional suffixes: a longitudinal study of beginning writers' spellings*." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 3 (2010): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091000022x.
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ABSTRACTThis study tracked the order in which ten beginning spellers (M age=5 ; 05; SD=0·21 years) mastered the correct spellings of common inflectional suffixes in English. Spellings from children's journals from kindergarten and grade 1 were coded. An inflectional suffix was judged to be mastered when children spelled it accurately in 90 percent of the contexts in which it was grammatically required, a criterion used to study the order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes in oral language. The results indicated that the order in which children learned to spell inflectional suffixes correctly is similar to the order in which they learn to use them in oral language, before school age. Discrepancies between the order of mastery for inflectional suffixes in written and oral language are discussed in terms of English spelling conventions, which introduce variables into the spelling of inflected words that are not present in oral language.
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Quratulain, Shaista Ghazanfar, and Aneel Sattar. "A Computer-Based Method to Improve the Spelling of a Learner with Dyslexia." Winter 2023 3, no. 1 (2023): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.135.
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For students, academic writing is a must skill to be honed to achieve good grades from teachers and majority novice learners commit errors in spellings. Such students with spelling errors lag behind other peers. In this paper we present a method which aims to improve the spelling of children with dyslexia through playful and targeted exercises. Manual correction of spelling errors involves a person manually checking and correcting misspelled words. Auto correction is faster and more efficient than manual correction, but it may also introduce new errors and may not always be accurate. This case study aimed to investigate the influence of word-office as a tool on spelling improvement and accuracy as while writing in word-office misspelled word is highlighted and student can correct spelling. For this purpose, we conducted research on one student Grade 8 with spelling difficulties in a special school for special needs to participate in writing essays. This research took the form of writing manually on a paper and typing another essay with the use of word-office software. The study concludes that there is reasonable amelioration in student’s achievement in correction of spellings with the use of typing spelling. Furthermore, this research has implications for the development of new technology and software designed to support learners with dyslexia.
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G., Latha Suhasini, and Diksha Dhar Dr. "WEB 2.0 TOOLS: USE OF KAHOOT TO REDUCE THE SPELLING MISTAKES AMONG B.TECH LEARNERS OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities (IJIRAH) 5, no. 2 (2020): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4075378.
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B.Tech learners of Communicative Englishare inclined towards technology and hardly focus on spellings in their writing. Today, students are called as netizens or net generations (Educause.edu, 2016) due to their over usage of web tools. My paper exploresstrategies to reduce spelling mistakes in B.Tech learners of Communicative English by introducing games using Kahoot, in the class. In the empirical design approach, the questions framed by the teacher would help the learner identify the correct spelling through game based learning. Though the learners face technical challenges, learning through games is very interesting.
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Xenis, Georgios A. "TWO OLD HYPERCORRECTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY EDITIONS OF EURIPIDES' MEDEA 497 AND STRATTIS, FR. 9 K.–A." Classical Quarterly 64, no. 2 (2014): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838814000482.
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There is a widespread practice of spelling the forms κεχρώσμεθα in Euripides' Medea 497 and ϕώζειν in Strattis, fr. 9 K.–A. with the long diphthong omega–iota, that is, κεχρώισμεθα or κεχρῴσμεθα and ϕώιζειν or ϕῴζειν. These spellings are not correct from the etymological point of view, but are recommended by ancient grammarians. In this note I identify the foundation on which these recommendations rest, and provide an assessment of its philological solidness.
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SINCLAIR, BRADLEY J. "Correct original spelling of Hydropeza queenslandensis Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae)." Zootaxa 4433, no. 2 (2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4433.2.8.
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While databasing type specimens of Hydropeza Sinclair in the Australian Museum (Sydney), different spellings of a species name in Sinclair (2016) were identified. I herein resolve this nomenclatural issue.
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Kinney, Patricia G., Kay B. Stevens, and John W. Schuster. "The Effects of CAI and Time Delay: A Systematic Program for Teaching Spelling." Journal of Special Education Technology 9, no. 2 (1988): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016264348800900201.
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This study describes a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program that implemented a constant time delay procedure to teach the spelling of 15 state names to a student with a history of spelling disabilities. A multiple probe design across words sets demonstrated that the near-errorless program was effective in teaching the student to type the correct spellings with less than a 5% error rate during instruction. Generalization to written spelling occurred, and maintenance probe data ranged from 94% to 100%. The time delay procedure includes proven principles of learning based upon stimulus control techniques and was found to be highly adaptable to CAI programs.
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GANE, YORICK R. S. GOMEZ. "The thylacine (Thylacynus cynocephalus): a rebirth starting from the name." Bionomina 35, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.35.1.1.
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The generic name of the thylacine has two variants (or spellings), Thylacinus (meaning “marsupial”) and Thylacynus (“marsupial dog”), both created in the same zoological work by C. J. Temminck (1824). For the reasons explained here, the name that Temminck meant to use was Thylacynus. The variant Thylacinus became dominant after a mistaken use in an important nomenclature reference book by S. A. Neave (1935‒1941). However, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Articles 24.2.3‒4), Temminck is to be considered the First Reviser, and the selected spelling (Thylacynus) is thereby to be fixed as the correct original spelling.
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Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis. "Effects of Feedback and Mandatory Practice on Learning to Spell during Computer-Assisted Instruction." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (1986): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.487.
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College students were given a computer-assisted instruction lesson in psychology. The lesson required the use of 30 words difficult to spell in responding to questions presented throughout the lesson. Feedback to students' responses took one of three forms: (1) No feedback for misspellings of otherwise correct answers, (2) Feedback about the correct spelling of incorrectly spelled words, and (3) Feedback with practice in which students engaged in mandatory practice of an incorrectly spelled word until the word was spelled correctly. There were no significant differences across treatments on an unanticipated spelling test over the difficult words given after a 3- to 6-day interval. However, students in the no-feedback and feedback groups were over-confident about the accuracy of their spellings, while the feedback-with-practice students were under-confident, with this difference being statistically significant. A possible advantage of feedback and practice over feedback alone is discussed.
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DMITRIEV, DMITRY A., and LEWIS L. DEITZ. "Nomenclatural changes in the family Membracidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracoidea)." Zootaxa 4365, no. 1 (2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4365.1.7.
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Nomenclatural changes are provided for names in the family Membracidae. The following replacement names are proposed: Gargara (Gargara) discoidea nom.nov. for Gargara (Gargara) discoidalis Ananthasubramanian, 1980; Tricentrus substitutus nom.nov. for Tricentrus yunnanensis (Yuan & Li, 2002); Indicopleustes esakii nom.nov. for Indicopleustes typicus Esaki, 1932; Neoproterpia nom.nov. for Proterpia Stål, 1867; Membracis expansa Walker, 1851 status revised is reinstated as valid on taxonomic grounds. The correct original spelling is fixed for Leptocentrus florifacialis Yuan in Yuan & Chou, 2002, and seven incorrect original spellings are documented for five additional species in which a correct spelling was later adopted by one or more of the original authors. The name Micrutalis minutus Buckton, 1902 is emended to Micrutalis minuta Buckton, 1902 and Brachytalis punctulatus Ramos is emended to Brachytalis punctulata Ramos in both cases to agree with the feminine gender of Micrutalis Fowler, 1895 and Brachytalis Metcalf & Bruner, 1925.
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Katona, Gergely, Balázs Tóth, and Zsolt Bálint. "Notes on the nomenclature of Eublemma pannonica (Freyer, 1840): a rectification and a new subspecies name (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Eublemminae)." Annales Musei historico-naturalis hungarici 112 (2020): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53019/annlsmushistnathung.2020.112.125.
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The erebid moth Eublemma pannonica (Freyer, 1840) is a distinctive species of the Pannonian region. The species-group name panonica Freyer, 1840 is an incorrect original spelling what needs a rectification. This spelling has been forgotten until its appearance in the catalogue compiled by Robert W. Poole in 1989 for noctuid names and it is again in use. The other original spelling pannonica Freyer, 1840 is the correct one, what was in general usage until 1989. On the basis of voluminous literature references these spellings are discussed. The name Eublemma panonica ronkayorum Fibiger, Zilli & Yela, 2010 is a junior homonym of Eublemma ronkayorum Fibiger & Hacker, 2002, therefore the replacement name, Eublemma pannonica ronkayi nomen novum is proposed for the junior taxon. With three figures.
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Barandeev, A. V. "The specifics of reflecting the incorrect status of geographical objects in the spelling of topony." Russian language at school 83, no. 4 (2022): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2022-83-4-92-97.
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The article considers current problems of establishing the correct status of geographical features, which is necessary to choose well-grounded spellings of geographical terms that are included in toponyms of two types. The first type is comprised of "false" geographical terms; the second type contains terms denoting large extended geographical objects. The paper provides practical recommendations for fixing well-grounded spellings of toponyms.
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Энхтөр, Мөнх-Учрал. "Манж нарт холбогдох зарим чухал нэрийн утга, бичлэгийн тухай". Монгол судлал 46, № 1 (2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/ms20224611.
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The correct spelling of any name directly depends on its origin and meaning. There are some cases where key names, such as Manchu, Hongtaiji, Jurchen, and Daiching related to the history of the Manchus are incorrectly written in Mongolian. Therefore, it is essential to introduce research on the meaning of these names. According to an International Bibliography of Manchu Studies, by 1990, 17 articles were published on the origin and meaning of the name “Manchu” (Stary 1990a: 870). The number shows us how serious the issue is. Pei Huang (1990: 280) claims that tracing the real meaning of the name Manchu is fruitless. However, it does not mean that all related studies are worthless. Оn the basis of these studies, it is possible to support some arguments, and also, one can suggest the correct spelling of these names in the Mongolian language. This article aims to suggest the Mongolian spelling of the above-mentioned names based on their available Manchu, Chinese, Jurchen, and Korean spellings in historical sources, dictionaries, and related studies.
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Katona, Gergely, Tóth Balázs, and Zsolt Bálint. "Notes on the nomenclature of Eublemma pannonica (Freyer, 1840): a rectification and a new subspecies name (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Eublemminae)." Annales Musei historico-naturalis hungarici 112 (July 22, 2021): 125–37. https://doi.org/10.53019/AnnlsMusHistNatHung.2020.112.125.
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Abstract – The erebid moth Eublemma pannonica (Freyer, 1840) is a distinctive species of the Pannonian region. The species-group name panonica Freyer, 1840 is an incorrect original spelling what needs a rectification. This spelling has been forgotten until its appearance in the catalogue compiled by Robert W. Poole in 1989 for noctuid names and it is again in use. The other original spelling pannonica Freyer, 1840 is the correct one, what was in general usage until 1989. On the basis of voluminous literature references these spellings are discussed. The name Eublemma panonica ronkayorum Fibiger, Zilli & Yela, 2010 is a junior homonym of Eublemma ronkayorum Fibiger & Hacker, 2002, therefore the replacement name, Eublemma pannonica ronkayi nomen novum is proposed for the junior taxon. With three figures.
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DIETRICH, JEAN A., and SUSAN A. BRADY. "Phonological representations of adult poor readers: An investigation of specificity and stability." Applied Psycholinguistics 22, no. 3 (2001): 383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271640100306x.
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The phonological representations of adult less skilled readers (n = 25) were studied in comparison to those of adult skilled readers (n = 25) and adolescent reading-age controls (n = 25). Participants were tested on a paired confrontation naming and spelling test, given two times to evaluate consistency of performance, and a pseudoword repetition task. On confrontation naming, less skilled readers were less accurate and less consistent, and they made more phonological errors. Likewise, their spellings were less accurate and consistent than those of the control groups; inaccurate naming influenced their spelling significantly more often than it did the spelling of adult skilled readers. They also had fewer correct responses on the pseudoword repetition task. The results confirm that there are weaknesses in the phonological representations of known and new words for adult less skilled readers, with observable consequences for spelling.
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Disbray, Samantha, and Deborah Loakes. "Writing Aboriginal English & Creoles." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 36, no. 3 (2013): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.36.3.04dis.
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Texts in Aboriginal English (AE) and creole varieties have been created by Indigenous and non-Indigenous writers for a range of purposes. In this paper, we focus on materials created in and for five educational contexts, and investigate the orthographic or spelling systems developed in each setting. Choices about orthography are guided by linguistic and non-linguistic considerations. They are sensitive to matters of prestige and identity, and new orthographic conventions are subject to comparison with ‘correct’, ‘standard’ spellings. We explore the processes, motivations and rationale that drive choices for the orthographic conventions and the diverse outcomes in the five settings.
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Nnamdi-Eruchalu, Geraldine Ifesinachi. "Anglicization of Written Igbo Personal and Place Names: A Sociolinguistic Study." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 7 (2021): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10384.
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The Igbo people are at the verge of losing their language, culture and identity to the English Language [Azuonye 2002, Asonye 2013, Emeka-Nwobia 2020]. This work aims at investigating into the Anglicization of written Igbo personal and place names with a view to highlighting the extent of spellings and pronunciation inconsistencies, discover what impact it has on the learning and development of the language, and discover ways the attitude of the people can be changed towards the language to forestall its death. It argues that the spelling inconsistencies it introduced to the language is a source of challenge to learners, the majority of whom already have negative attitude towards the language. Ogbalu [1974], Oruchalu [1979] and Okodo [2008] made lists of anglicized names with their correct Igbo spellings, and decried the practice. The data for this research were collected from personal experiences, class lists, radio and television programmes, the internet, social and print media, and interviews. It concludes that a change in the attitude of the people towards their language, culture and identity as well as total implementation of the Onwu Orthography with regards to the spelling of personal and place names will complement the efforts being made to sustain the language.
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Raw, Lynn R. G. "Historical and Current Misuse of Gender Agreement in the Names of South African Lizard Species." ZooNova, no. 18 (April 27, 2022): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6497956.
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Some South African lizard species have been given the incorrect adjectival endings to their species names when transferring species from genera of one gender to that of another gender over the past 120 years. Three instances are discussed: the first uses an incorrect subsequent spelling of the species name (<em>anguineus</em> instead of <em>anguinus</em>) declined in the correct gender; the second (<em>mirus</em>) is currently used in the correct form while the third (<em>caffer</em>) is currently still using the original masculine gender although now combined with a generic name of another gender. Examples of the use of the adjectives <em>afer, afra, afrum</em> and <em>caffer, caffra, caffrum</em> in both botany and zoology are provided. It concludes that the correct spellings of these names should be amended to agree in gender with that of whatever genus they are currently assigned.
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Tsumura, David Toshio. "Scribal Errors or Phonetic Spellings? Samuel as an Aural Text." Vetus Testamentum 49, no. 3 (1999): 390–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853399774228056.
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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to establish the "phonic" nature of some of the socalled "corrupt" passages in the MT of Samuel. We are particularly interested in Samuel's "aural" characteristics which might be represented in the phonetic spellings. This aural aspect of the narrative is clearly attested in cases where the Ketib and the Qere give two variant forms of the same word or phrase. In such cases, the K. usually represent "phonic" reality by a phonetic spelling. By contrast, the Q. points to the "correct" historical spelling. Such aural features can be demonstrated in other ways in the MT of Samuel, especially when 2 Sam. xxii is compared with its duplicate text, Ps. xviii. These variant forms are caused by phonological phenomena such as assimilation, metathesis, palatalization, vowel sandhi, consonantal sandhi, and glide. These examples are not exhaustive, but they are sufficient to show that many of the often-asserted "scribal errors" are actually rather phonetic spellings and do reflect the "economy" of pronunciation. Such phonic realization in writing is attested not simply in poetic texts but also in prose sections of 1-2 Samuel. Hence, our topic is not so much a problem of literary-linguistic composition as a matter of the method of writing, i.e. graphic and graphemic representation of an aural text.
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Bazarbayeva, Z., and D. Sadyk. "CERTAIN ISSUES IN SPELLING ONOMASTIC NAMES." Bulletin of Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University Philological Series, no. 4 (December 19, 2024): 60–70. https://doi.org/10.59102/kufil/2024/iss4pp60-70.
Full textAbstract:
Since gaining independence, the historical names of many objects in the regions of Kazakhstan have been restored, and the correct Kazakh spellings of distorted names are being reinstated. In order for our onomastic system's names to serve not only our own needs but also to be accessible to the international community, it is essential to first implement standardization in our own language. Although studies on the etymological and linguo-cognitive aspects of onomastics are well developed, problems related to their spelling have not been specifically addressed. This article discusses issues related to the pronunciation and spelling of proper names, as well as orthographic peculiarities. It analyzes studies related to global onomastic orthography. Additionally, it examines the representation of proper names in spelling dictionaries over the years. The article also considers scholars' opinions on the structural and semantic differences between common nouns and proper nouns, discussing their distinctive features.
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Faiz Abdul Malik, Mochammad, and Sunu Catur Budiyono. "ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA BERITA PADA WEBSITE RESMI DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA SURABAYA." Buana Bastra 6, no. 1 (2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/bastra.vol6.no1.a3598.
Full textAbstract:
Surabaya Education Office’s Official Website is directly managed by IT staff of SurabayaEducation Office’s. As a government institution under the Ministry of Education and Culture,it is proper that this agency implements a good and correct language. No exception to thelanguage of journalistic variety used in the official website. Therefore, the official website ofthe Surabaya City Education Office should apply the Indonesian spelling in accordance withPermendikbud Number 50 of 2015 on General Spellings Guidelines of Bahasa Indonesiaaccompanied by the Fourth Edition of the Fourth Edition of the Indonesian Spelling Manual(PUEBI). However, the fact is still found many errors related spelling and sentences that arenot effective on the official website of the Office of Education. Above this background, thisresearch was made with the purpose of describing and analyzing the error language on theofficial website of Surabaya Education Department. In this study, the data will be examined interms of the spelling according to the General Spellings Guidelines of Indonesia. In addition,it is also noted in terms of the effectiveness of sentences because this is an important thing inthe news. News must convey information in its entirety, and to convey information as a wholerequires effective sentences. This research uses qualitative approach. The data studied are tennews that aired in August 2017 on the official website of Surabaya City Education Department.To collect the data, the author visited http://dispendik.surabaya.go.id. Data were collected bydocumentation technique. After the data is collected, it will then be analyzed and described forthe errors encountered. In this study found errors in terms of spelling and ineffectiveness ofsentences. Related spelling errors, including writing punctuation, capitalization writing,oblique writing, number writing, and word writing. Not only that, the ineffectiveness ofsentences is also found in the data collected.
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DUBOIS, Alain. "Zygoidy, a new nomenclatural concept." Bionomina 6, no. 1 (2013): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.6.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
In zoological taxonomy, unambiguous and universal designation of a given taxon at a given rank in a given classification requires to establish its valid nomen and the correct spelling of the latter. Consequently, a need to resolve the situations of conflict that may exist between available nomina and spellings arises. These situations of nomenclatural conflict are here designated as zygoidy. They are of three kinds: zygonymy (conflicts of omonymy or synonymy between nomina for validity), zygography (conflicts of parography between spellings for correctness) and zygophory (conflicts of airetophory between onomatophore designations for validity). The resolution of these conflicts relies on several basic Principles already formulated in the Code (the Principles of Homonymy, Priority and “First-Reviser”, here renamed “Airesy”), as well as additional ones not yet recognized in this text: the Principles of Zygoidy, Proedry, Nomography and Sozoidy. A detailed analysis of these ituations is provided. It allows to identify in which cases and under which conditions these Principles apply. This omplete inventory of possible situations and solutions will be of great usefulness for a forecoming utomatisation and computerization of the Rules of the Code in forthcoming databases and Web applications.
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CHEMYREVA, VASILISA G., DAVID G. NOTTON, and ALEJANDRO ZALDÍVAR-RIVERÓN. "Revision of Palaearctic Idiotypa (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae, Diapriinae, Spilomicrini)." Zootaxa 4966, no. 2 (2021): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.2.
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A revision of the Palaearctic species of the genus Idiotypa Förster is provided. The genus Eunuchopria Szabó, 1961 is a junior synonym of Idiotypa Förster, 1856 syn. n. and the new combination Idiotypa nitens (Szabó, 1961) comb. n., is established. Dublicate original spellings I. marii and I. mariae are resolved by first reviser action; I. mariae is now the correct original spelling. Lectotypes are designated for Idiotypa mariae and I. maritima. New synonymy is proposed: I. maritima (Haliday, 1833) = I. rufiventris (Thomson, 1858) syn. n.; = I. nigriceps Kieffer, 1909 syn. n.; = I. nigriceps Kieffer, 1911 syn. n. The three valid species I. mariae Gregor, 1939, I. maritima (Haliday, 1833) and I. nitens (Szabó, 1961) are redescribed, illustrated and keyed.
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Klimova, Margarita A., Anna V. Viklova та Daria A. Overnikova. "Processing frequently misspelled words (А study based on an English learner corpus)". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 20, № 4 (2023): 824–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.409.
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The article presents an experimental study of the influence of the frequency of spelling errors in a word on its representation in mental lexicon. The hypothesis that frequently misspelled words cause difficulties in reading even if they are written correctly has been proved for native speakers of Russian and English. This paper aims to check the hypothesis on the basis of the learner corpus REALEC (Russian Error-Annotated Learner English Corpus), comprising texts by Russian L1 learners of English. The most frequently misspelled words collected from the corpus were used for the experiment that consisted in recognising correct and incorrect spellings. We analysed the influence of the following factors: the frequency of spelling errors in a word, its frequency in the corpus, entropy (the measure reflecting the amount of effort needed to choose between the variants of spelling), type of error. The results demonstrate the significance of entropy and frequency in the corpus, which corresponds to the findings of previous studies. A particular error type, substitution, has been found to be significant. Its special role corresponds both to the greatest difficulties this error type caused during the experiment and the results of previous research into written speech production of L2 English speakers, according to which substitution was considered the most frequent error type. The lower significance of the frequency of errors factor in comparison with the corresponding studies of L1 English can be explained by differences in language environments, in which learners of English are less exposed to incorrect spellings.
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Almeida, Tiago, Ana Cristina Silva, and João Rosa. "Invented spelling intervention programmes: Comparing explicit and implicit instructions." Análise Psicológica 39, no. 2 (2021): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.1848.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two invented spelling intervention programs, one with explicit instruction of graph-phonetics matches and another based on questioning and reflection on the graph-phonetic correspondences (implicit instructions). Ninety pre-school children, whose invented spellings use conventional letters unconventionally to represent sounds, were allocated to three groups, two experimental and one control. All groups were equivalent in age, intelligence, letter knowledge, and phonological awareness. We manipulated the type of instructions (implicit vs. explicit) between the pre- and post-tests in two experimental groups where children participated in an intervention programme of invented spelling. Children who participated in the implicit intervention programme showed a significant improvement in the number of correct letters mobilized in their spelling and phonemic awareness compared with children of control and explicit instruction group. Children from explicit instruction group showed significant more improvements than the children from the control group. These results suggest that questioning and reflection applied to invented spelling programmes seems to enhance a more significant knowledge about the relations between the oral and written code.
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Viise, Neva M. "A Study of the Spelling Development of Adult Literacy Learners Compared with That of Classroom Children." Journal of Literacy Research 28, no. 4 (1996): 561–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969609547940.
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This study compared the spelling development of 195 child and 124 adult literacy learners through a comparison of spelling errors. These errors occurred across 24 word features, which included examples of phonetic patterns, visual patterns, and word relationships ranging from beginning consonant sound (dig) to root constancy matches such as the vowel in accented and unaccented syllables (compete/competition). The order of mastery of the 24 spelling features examined was assessed through the Guttman scale analysis. This analysis indicated a similar developmental pattern occurring in both child and adult spellers especially at the early spelling levels. The differences that occurred in the two groups showed the adults better at identifying visual patterns and understanding some word concepts. They fell behind the children in their correct representation of certain phonetic features because of a tendency to depart from the phonics of the word in their spellings. However, because the adults showed no tendency to skip or shortcut the developmental pattern, it lends support to the theory that adult spelling acquisition, like that of children, needs careful assessment as an essential part of the instructional process.
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Feist-Burkhardt, Susanne. "Comments on the spelling of ‘archaeopyle’, the germination aperture in dinoflagellate cysts." Journal of Micropalaeontology 26, no. 1 (2007): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.26.1.39.
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Abstract. INTRODUCTIONDuring editorial work for the Journal of Micropalaeontology, a discussion arose between authors, reviewers and editors on the correct spelling of a technical term in palynology: ‘archeopyle’ or ‘archaeopyle’, the germination aperture in dinoflagellate cysts. One opinion was that there is only one correct spelling, namely ‘archeopyle’, with a single ‘e’ in the middle of the word, irrespective of the use of British English or American English. The other opinion was that spelling of the word should follow the language used in the rest of the text – allowing for ‘archeopyle’ with ‘e’ in American English and ‘archaeopyle’ with ‘ae’ in British English. This Notebook illustrates the reasons for this controversy and argues for the alternative spellings of the word according to American or British English spelling used.THE CAUSE OF THE ‘PROBLEM’ AND LINE OF ARGUMENTThe term ‘archeopyle’ was introduced in 1961 by William R. Evitt in one of his seminal papers on the morphology of fossil dinoflagellates, in which he recognized that many organic microfossils, then called ‘hystrichospheres’, showed a germination opening and were actually of dinoflagellate affinity. As derivation of the word he gave the following information: ‘... the presence of this opening (pyle – gate, orifice) in fossil (archeo – ancient) dinoflagellates ...’ (Evitt, 1961, p. 389). Since then, the term has become accepted and used widely by palaeontologists and biologists alike. Definitions and descriptions of the word itself and derivative terms can be looked up in the latest glossary of terminology by Williams et al. (2000). . . .
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Tangel, Darlene M., and Benita A. Blachman. "Effect of Phoneme Awareness Instruction on the Invented Spelling of First-Grade Children: A one-year Follow-Up." Journal of Reading Behavior 27, no. 2 (1995): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862969509547876.
Full textAbstract:
In an earlier study (Tangel & Blachman, 1992), low-income, inner-city children who received 11 weeks of instruction in kindergarten in phoneme awareness produced invented spellings at the end of kindergarten that were rated developmentally superior to those of control children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the invented and standard spelling of these same children in February and May of first grade. During first grade, the treatment children participated in a reading program that continued to emphasize phoneme awareness and the alphabetic code. In February of first grade and May of first grade (the end of the second year of the study), treatment children significantly outperformed the control children on measures of invented and standard spelling. A reliable scoring system had been created to evaluate the invented spelling of the kindergarten children (Tangel & Blachman, 1992). For this study, the scoring system was expanded to evaluate later developing spelling patterns. As with the original scale, the expanded scale was found to be highly reliable using either correlation or percent of agreement. In addition, a reliable scoring system was developed to rate the developmental sophistication of responses (e.g., allowing partial credit for phonetically correct responses) on a measure of standard spelling.
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O’HARA, JAMES E. "Resurrection of the name Pachycheta Portschinsky for a genus of Tachinidae (Diptera)." Zootaxa 1989, no. 1 (2009): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1989.1.5.
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While verifying names in the original literature for a forthcoming catalogue, I discovered a senior objective synonym for the genus currently recognized as Barychaeta Bezzi, 1906. As will be explained below, the generic name Pachycheta Portschinsky, 1881 has priority over Barychaeta. The unjustified emendation Pachychaeta is dated from Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891) instead of Bezzi (1906) as cited in Neave (1940). The correct spelling of the type species of Pachycheta is discussed. The genus Pachycheta was described by Portschinsky (1881: 278) with a single included species, Pachycheta jaroschewsky Portschinsky, 1881 (type species by monotypy). The generic name appeared next in Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891: 99 [also 1892: 403]), where it was cited in a systematic list with the spelling Pachychaeta. The Code (ICZN 1999, Article 33) is very specific about the difference between an emendation (which is an available name) and an incorrect subsequent spelling (which is not an available name), and according to the criteria therein Pachychaeta in Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891) is the former. An emendation is “any demonstrably intentional change in the original spelling of a name other than a mandatory change” (Article 33.2), and can be inferred “when two or more names in the same work are treated in a similar way” (Article 33.2.1). Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891) frequently used emended spellings of taxa in favor of original spellings, for instance changing the original ending of names from -cheta to -chaeta (e.g., Gymnocheta to Gymnochaeta, Pericheta to Perichaeta) and from -mya to -myia (e.g., Acemya to Acemyia, Ceromya to Ceromyia), thereby fulfilling the requirement of Article 33.2.1. Such emendations are now considered unjustified under Article 33.2.3. Therefore, Pachychaeta is an unjustified emendation and a junior objective synonym of Pachycheta Portschinsky and takes authorship and date from Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891). Neave (1940: 507) credited Bezzi (1906) with the emended name, but Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891) were the first to satisfy the conditions of an unjustified emendation as set forth in the present Code (ICZN 1999).
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NEMÉSIO, ANDRÉ, and ALAIN DUBOIS. "The endings of specific nomina dedicated to persons should not be emended: nomenclatural issues in Phalangopsidae (Hexapoda: Grylloidea)." Zootaxa 3270, no. 1 (2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3270.1.7.
Full textAbstract:
Costa (2012) intended to “correct” the spellings of the specific epithets of two species of phalangopsid crickets (Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) described from Brazil in Mews et al. (2009). According to Costa (2012), both specific nomina “were incorrectly formed under the articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), leading to the need of justified emendations according to the article 33.2.2 of the Code…”.
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Madge, Ronald B. "A catalogue of the family-group names in the Geodephaga, 1758-1985 (Coleoptera: Carabidae s. lat.)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 19, no. 4 (1988): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631289x00573.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract470 family-group names in the Geodephaga are recorded with their authors and dates. 393 are based on type genera. Names originally proposed in a vernacular form are noted, along with their first subsequent Latinization. Names based on type genera which are junior homonyms, unjustified emendations or incorrect subsequent spellings are also indicated. In addition, where a type genus has an irregular stem the correct form is given.
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Stegmann, Tilbert Dídac. "Die neue <i>Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</i> (seit 1986 fünf Bände) und Katalonien: Über die internationale Schreibung katalanischer Ortsnamen." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 1 (July 1, 1988): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.1988.219-227.
Full textAbstract:
The most important encyclopedia of German-speaking countries, the Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, has since 1986 published the first five volumes of a completely new edition of 25 volumes, which will be published by 1995. Unfortunately, in its Catalan-themed entries, it uses the names of places and people in Spanish. This persistence of the Francoist and centralist obfuscation with regard to the autochthonous personality of the Catalan-speaking countries must be considered completely inadmissible. Catalan forms must also be normative abroad. Mentioning the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana as a very easy point of reference to resolve any doubts about the correct Catalan spellings and citing the exact provisions of the laws of linguistic normalization of the Principality and the Balearic Islands and the corresponding decree of the Generalitat Valenciana, points out the urgent need for the Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, in the coming volumes, to change its spelling policy to the point of respecting the Catalan reality.
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Komaldeep, Kaur*1 &. Harpreet Kaur2. "A HYBRID APPROACH FOR SPELL CHECK AND ERROR CORRECTION FOR ENGLISH AND PUNJABI TEXT PARAGRAPHS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 6 (2018): 474–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1299014.
Full textAbstract:
Spell-checking is the process of detecting and sometimes providing suggestions for incorrectly spelled words in a text. Spell checking system can be created with the combination of handcrafted rules by considering grammatical features of the language for which spell checking system is to be created and a dictionary which contain the accurate spellings of various words in the target language. Basically, the better the handcrafted rule and larger the dictionary of a spell-checker is, the higher is the error detection rate; otherwise, misspellings would pass undetected. Every word from the text is looked up in the speller lexicon. The system is made to check the spellings and to correct them using various techniques for Punjabi and English text. In this proposed system input in form of a paragraph is given that can include incorrect words and the system will generate the result which contain the accurate text after eliminating the errors.
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ROSA, PAOLO, MAURIZIO PAVESI, and DENIS J. BROTHERS. "Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies." Zootaxa 5301, no. 1 (2023): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Information is provided for 143 objectively invalid or unavailable genus-group names used in Chrysididae; 34 are objectively invalid, of which 18 are junior homonyms (five of these are also currently junior subjective synonyms), 18 are junior objective synonyms (two of these are also junior homonyms) of which seven are unjustified emendations, and two are unnecessary replacement names. The remaining 109 names are unavailable; 96 are incorrect subsequent spellings, most of them were originally lapsus calami or misprints, one is hereby deemed to be an incorrect original spelling, eight are nomina nuda, three were originally published as junior synonyms and never adopted before 1961 as valid names of any taxa, and one is a vernacular name previously considered as valid. Gender, type species, taxonomic history and status are given for each name except for incorrect subsequent spellings and unjustified emendations. Some cases of homonymies with taxa currently classified as non-animal are discussed. For two such junior homonyms, denoting genus-group taxa considered as valid in the present work, new replacement names are proposed: Linsenmaierella Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Chrysidella Linsenmaier, nec Pascher; and Rhipidochrysis Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Pleurochrysis Bohart, nec Pringsheim. New generic synonymies are established: consequent on new type-species designations, Leptoglossa Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Parnopes Latreille syn. nov., and Pyrochloris Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Euchroeus Latreille syn. nov.; Pseudodichrysis Trautmann is a junior objective synonym of Dichrysis Lichtenstein syn. nov. and the latter is in turn a junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus. Platycelia Dahlbom is selected by the authors, acting as First Revisers, as the correct original spelling, and the simultaneously published Platycoelia is therefore deemed to be an incorrect subsequent spelling. The validation of Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, not available when originally proposed, is discussed. Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi gen. nov. (type species: Chrysis pulchella Spinola) is here described; it includes members of the Chrysis pulchella species group previously included in Gonodontochrysis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, an unavailable name. The Chrysis zaravshanica species group is merged with the pulchella species group. A new specific synonymy within this group is proposed: Chrysis zaravshanica Tarbinsky syn. nov. of C. personata Semenov-Tian-Shanskij.
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de Bree, Elise, and Madelon van den Boer. "Wrong place, wrong time: Children’s sensitivity to present tense spelling conventions." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 5 (2021): 1221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716421000254.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSpelling has been found to be influenced by the frequency with which certain orthographic patterns occur. We examined whether Grades 2–5 children were already sensitive to orthographic frequency in spelling present tense verb inflections that sound the same but are spelled differently. Children were asked to spell present tenses in two homophonous forms; both inflections are pronounced with final /t/ but are spelled with final -d (“ik vind,” I find) or -dt (“hij/zij vindt,” he/she finds). Previous research has shown that adolescents and adults make inflection errors based on the relative frequency within a pair; as “vind’ is more frequent than “vindt,” “vind” is often used incorrectly. The children showed low correct scores for third person singular spellings, and overall better performance for -d dominant verbs. Surprisingly, they did make errors related to homophone inflection but in the wrong place, marking the wrong time: homophone-based errors occurred in present tense non-homophone verbs and in past tenses. We take our findings to mean that the children were not sensitive to homophone dominance. Furthermore, the findings illustrate the importance of specific graphotactic patterns in literacy development and call for attention to these patterns in models and teaching of spelling.
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Ajayi, Oyedokun Samuel. "Audio-Instructional Strategy as A Panacea to Listening Challenges Among Primary Pupils in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State." international journal of Education, Learning and Development 11, no. 10 (2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijeld.2013/vol11n106574.
Full textAbstract:
Listening is one of the language skills that poses challenges to learners most especially second language learners. The study finds out how audio-instructional strategy can be used to help learners: to discriminate English sounds, to improve listening comprehension and spelling abilities of learners. A sample of three hundred and twenty (320) are purposely selected across all public and private primary schools in urban and rural areas of Ikere Local Government of Ekiti State. There are two groups: experimental and control groups that are given pretest and posttest through an instrument tagged. “Effective Audio- Instructional Strategy Test” (EAIST). Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected are analyzed through t-test inferential statistics and the study finds out that those samples that are treated with audio-instructional strategy perform better than those not so treated in their abilities to discriminate English sounds, respond correctly listening comprehension questions and write correct spellings. The study recommends the use of audio- instructional strategy to ameliorate pupils’ listening challenges.
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Pechetova, N. Yu, and T. M. Nikaeva. "Normative and registration functions of the dictionary of toponyms." Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University 20, no. 4 (2024): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2222-5404-2023-20-4-104-116.
Full textAbstract:
The instability and lack of uniformity in the spelling of toponyms in both official and informal communication poses a significant social concern in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The nominative function of geographical names is directly associated to their stable orthography. However, currently, there exist inconsistencies and significant discrepancies in the spelling of toponyms in official documents and reference books, including the state register, that are responsible for registering the correct spellings of geographical objects. This increases errors in all areas where this vocabulary is used. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that standardisation of proper names, including toponyms, is understudied in modern linguistics, and there is an urgent need to develop the principles of strengthening the spelling and pronunciation of names of geographical objects, in particular oikonyms, taking into account regional characteristics. The aim of the work is to consider the problems of standardising the oikonyms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in various normative and reference sources and suggest ways of their registration in the toponymic dictionary in accordance with language rules. The article analyses the main types of spelling errors made in the existing toponymic sources and suggests strategies for choosing the spelling of geographical names. The complicated cases of fused/separate and hyphenated spelling, the choice of letters e/ ё, the use of lowercase or uppercase letters in compound words, as well as the discrepancies in choosing a grammatical gender of an oikonym are considered. The article describes the ways of standardising all the listed cases as well as spelling options used in the ‘Dictionary of Toponyms of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia): Settlements’ and suggests the options for their standardisation.
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Zuidema, J. J., and J. Weber. "Dt-Duiveltje." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 35 (January 1, 1989): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.35.09zui.
Full textAbstract:
Dutch verb spelling is a rather complicated system of rival orthographic pre-scriptions. The spelling of Dutch verbs not only depends on their pronuncia-tion, but also on syntax and semantics. Pupils are often incapable of learning the system, even after many hours of verb spelling instruction. Investigations lead to the insight that a rule-oriented algorithmic method is more effective than traditional methods. But pupils still make a lot of errors. In this study we investigate how computers can improve verb-spelling performance of pupils. A first way could be the use of a word processor with an built-in spelling checker. Spelling checkers find errors in typed text, but existing spelling checkers cannot correct Dutch verbs automatically. Artificially Intelligent spelling checkers will do (but will be expensive for instructional use). A second way of improving spelling performance is the use of tutorial programs. We discuss algorithm-based instructional programs that introduce and train the verb spelling system and its underlying concepts. As a third way to improve spelling performance we introduce the instructional program DT-DUIVELTJE (DT-DEMON). DT-DEMON can be characterized as a half-automatic spelling checker for Dutch verbs. In most cases it can find and correct verb spellings automatically. In the remaining cases DT-DEMON asks the user one or two questions, in order to complete the analysis. The core of the program is a simulation of a human expert in verb spelling. An expert is supposed to find correct orthographic prescriptions as a result of very economic decisions, i.e. based on an analysis of lower-order language regularities. For instance, when the spelling of a verb can be found by analyzing letter sequences, a syntactic analysis can be omitted. In this way an expert writes far more verbs correctly as a result of automatic pattern recognition. Although the internal inference mechanism of DT-DEMON is one of pat-tern recognition, the dialogue with the user is rule-oriented. The program also knows the rule-oriented algorithm for verb spelling. A final remark about the way DT-DEMON internally processes, concerns the number of analyses performed. The program does not just stop searching when it finds a solution, but continues until all solutions are found. The number of successful redundant analyses is an indication of the degree of difficulty of the spelling problem. A lot of solutions means: easy; just one solution means: a less simple problem; not even one complete, automatically found solution means: pay attention, this is a difficult problem. DT-DEMON is suitable for instructional purposes once a pupil has learned the rules that govern verb spelling. The program works like an online spelling checker. When there is a difficult spelling problem, and the program cannot find a complete solution itself, it will ask the student for help. By doing so, it prevents errors due to premature automatization of spelling skills. The use of DT-DEMON is not restricted to precooked exercises, it can handle free language productions.
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Mahmood, Dr Rasib, Asifa Qasim, Dr Akhter Habib Shah, and Dr Tribhuwan Kumar. "Learning Literature through Media: A Comparative Study of Learning Process through Written and Filmed Literature." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (2022): 1064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221120.
Full textAbstract:
Literature documents and represents the experiences of human beings in the form of novels, poetry and dramas. These experiences can also be made visual in movies and other enactments. EFL practitioners employ literature to teach English. This study investigated the differences in the learning processes of EFL learners using texts and movies in the Pakistani context. Macbeth and A Passage to India were selected arbitrarily for this study. The data were collected through classroom observations and interviews from Lahore and NUML University Peshawar. The participants were divided into two groups of twenty. The control group used written texts of the literary works, whereas the experimental group was taught through movies of the novel and the play. The study’s findings revealed both positive and negative effects on the learners. The use of text resulted in better writing skills, correct spellings, and sentences but tended to show weak speaking skills with the local pronunciation of English words. On the other hand, watching movies improved the learners’ fluency and pronunciation, but they had spelling and sentence construction problems. Therefore, it is recommended that both written and visual forms of literary works be used concomitantly.
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BERNAL, RODRIGO, and ALAIN DUBOIS. "Chironius scurrula, the correct nomen for Chironius scurrulus (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae), with a list of the correct spellings of specific epithets currently in use in this genus." Bionomina 34, no. 1 (2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.34.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
The correct epithet of the snake species so far known as Chironius scurrulus Wagler in Spix, 1824 is shown to be scurrula, as it is not an adjective but a noun in apposition to the generic substantive, therefore invariable. This case prompted us to review the grammatical status of the epithets of the 23 species currently considered valid in the genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826. Only about 56.5 % of these epithets turned out to be adjectives agreeing in gender with the generic nomina with which they are combined. Although this proportion will be very variable from one zoological genus to another, it is likely that in genera with a high number of species (10‒20 or more), some epithets will not agree in gender with the genus nomina. In order to avoid subsequent corrections in the spellings of epithets (and therefore ‘nomenclatural instability’), taxonomists are therefore encouraged to pay attention to this question. As a consequence of this survey, we also provide new information on a few miscellaneous questions: the author of the type species designation for Chironius; the author, date, type specimen and type locality of the nominal taxon Chironius flavolineatus; and the etymology and status of the epithets of the bionomina Chironius foveatus and Chironius leucometapus.
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Wimmer, Heinz, and Peter Hummer. "How German-speaking first graders read and spell: Doubts on the importance of the logographic stage." Applied Psycholinguistics 11, no. 4 (1990): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009620.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe logographic stage assumption in recent models of reading acquisition was examined by studying how German-speaking first graders read and spelled familiar words and matched pseudowords. Reading acquisition by German-speaking children provides an interesting case because the German writing system, in contrast to the English one, is phonologically rather transparent. To further test whether the transition from the logographic to the alphabetic stage poses a major obstacle at the beginning of reading, normally progressing first graders were contrasted with children who experienced serious difficulties at the beginning of reading and writing. In contrast to studies with American and British first graders, it was found that both normally progressing and delayed children relied on alphabetic strategies for both reading and writing, (a) Most children were able to read and - to a lesser extent - to spell completely unfamiliar pseudowords. (b) Reading of pseudowords correlated highly with reading of familiar words, and the same correlation was observed in the case of spelling, (c) Reading errors consisted mainly of nonwords beginning with the first letter(s) of the target, and most spelling errors consisted of spellings that were at least partially phonologically correct, (d) Reading performance was influenced by word exposure time, (e) Both reading performance and spelling performance were strongly predicted by knowledge of grapheme-phoneme correspondences. These findings support the conclusion that a logographic strategy is of limited importance when the writing system is phonologically rather transparent and when the instructional approach does not withhold information about grapheme-phoneme correspondences.