Relevant bibliographies by topics / Corrected sodium

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Corrected sodium'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Corrected sodium"

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Cho, Jooyoung, Young Uh, and Seong Jin Choi. "Effects of correction equation for actual sodium concentration on the reduction in frequency of reports on pseudohyponatremia." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 44, no. 1 (2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2019-0058.

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Abstract Background Serum sodium concentration could be spuriously reduced by excess glucose or lipid; thus, hyponatremia should be reassessed before reporting in order to exclude the possibility of pseudohyponatremia. Methods In this study, we used the calculation of corrected serum sodium concentration in hyperglycemic or lipemic samples and evaluated its effect on the reduction in frequency of reports on pseudohyponatremia. We retrospectively analyzed 1-year data from the laboratory information system. Results From August 2017 to July 2018, hyponatremia was initially noted in 30,465 results
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Morgan, Thomas J. "Sodium corrected to normoglycemia: Time to re-evaluate?" Journal of Critical Care 42 (December 2017): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.07.050.

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Chewcharat, Api, Charat Thongprayoon, Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Michael A. Mao, Sorkko Thirunavukkarasu, and Kianoush B. Kashani. "Trajectories of Serum Sodium on In-Hospital and 1-Year Survival among Hospitalized Patients." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, no. 5 (2020): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.12281019.

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Background and objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between in-hospital trajectories of serum sodium and risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality in patients in hospital.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis is a single-center cohort study. All adult patients who were hospitalized from years 2011 through 2013 who had available admission serum sodium and at least three serum sodium measurements during hospitalization were included. The trend of serum sodium during hospitalization was analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling; the five main trajectories
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Xiao, Hao, Rahul Barmanray, Sarah Qian, Dilantha De Alwis, and Gerard Fennessy. "Survival Following Extreme Hypernatraemia Associated with Severe Dehydration and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2019 (December 12, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4174259.

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We report a case of a previously well 58-year-old man, who presented with delirium and low GCS, and was found to have extreme hypernatraemia (Na+ = 191 mmol/L) and hyperglycaemia (glucose = 31 mmol/L). This resulted in a corrected serum sodium of 202 mmol/L. He was treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement in the intensive care unit, and had returned to essentially normal function by hospital discharge. The aetiology was believed to be due to severe dehydration and a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Extreme hypernatraemia (serum sodium level greater than 190 mmol/L) is rare and associa
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Adler, S., J. G. Verbalis, and D. Williams. "Brain buffering is restored in hyponatremic rats by correcting their plasma sodium concentration." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 5, no. 1 (1994): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v5185.

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Previous studies from this laboratory showed that both acute and chronic hyponatremia impaired active brain buffering. These studies were performed to determine whether correcting the plasma sodium restored normal buffering in hyponatremic rats. Acute (1- and 2-day) and chronic (7- and 14-day) hyponatremia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by constant desmopressin administration combined with a liquid diet. Plasma sodium was corrected by stopping desmopressin for 6 h, substituting solid chow, and allowing free access to water. Studies were performed 24 h later. Uncorrected hyponatremic r
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Qais, Mohammad Ayed Suliman, Ahmad Awwad Alawi Samah, Mohammad Ali Almassalha Walaa, Mohammad Rashed Bany Amer Shatha, "Mohammad Taisir" Suleiman Al-Shorman Razan, and Rafiq Alsalman Salem. "The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the dual sodium related comparative Jordanian critically ill cohorts whose major administered antibiotics were beta-lactams." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 3 (2023): 083–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10714361.

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<strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp;Abnormal serum sodium levels in various diseases increase mortality; however, hyperglycemia depresses serum sodium concentration significantly.&nbsp; <strong>Aim:</strong>&nbsp;This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of measured serum sodium levels and corrected sodium levels among Jordanian critically ill cohorts whose major administered antibiotics were Beta-Lactams <strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>This study was retrospectively conducted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to primarily investigated the 2 proposed Na-based prognosticators against the ove
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Béliveau, R., M. Bernier, S. Giroux, and D. Bates. "Inhibition by phenylglyoxal of the sodium-coupled fluxes of glucose and phosphate in renal brush-border membranes." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 66, no. 9 (1988): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o88-115.

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The coupling of phosphate and glucose transport to sodium in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat kidney cortex was studied after chemical modification of arginine residues by phenylglyoxal. Phosphate (10 mM) and sodium (20 mM) uptakes were linear for 6 s and stimulated in the presence of their cosubstrate. The sodium: phosphate stoichiometry measured by a direct method was 1.74. Sodium-independent phosphate and glucose influx were found to be unaffected by phenylglyoxylation. Phosphate- or glucose-independent sodium influx also remained unaltered by the treatment. However, phosphate influx
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Myazin, R. G., G. L. Snigur, D. N. Emel'yanov, and M. V. Chernyshova. "Pharmacological Correction of Experimental Acute Toxic Hepatitis." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 8, no. 1 (2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-1-49-54.

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The aim of study was to develop new methods of treatment of acute toxic hepatitis. To achieve this objective, the authors investigated dynamics of pathological changes in the hepatic tissue under acute intoxication followed by the pharmacological correction with sodium hypochlorite.Material and methods. The study included 45 male rats that were subjected to the experimental simulation of acute toxic hepatosis. Group 1 included intact animals; group 2 included animals that were intragastrically administered allyl alcohol resulting in acute toxic hepatosis; group 3 included rats with acute toxic
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Pathak, Nabadwip, and Sunil Kumar Nanda. "Severe respiratory acidosis contributing to refractory hyperkalemia: a case series of COVID-19 patients with renal failure." Journal of Nephropharmacology 13, no. 2 (2024): e11684. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/npj.2024.11684.

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Introduction: Respiratory acidosis (RA) is not known to cause severe hyperkalemia. However, an exception to this general rule was observed in three patients with severe COVID-19 complicated with renal failure in our center. Objectives: The current study investigated the explanation for hyperkalemia refractory to renal replacement therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 with hypercarbia and renal failure in a tertiary care center. Patients and Methods: In this study, we present a case series of three patients with severe COVID-19 with hypercarbia and dialysis-requiring renal failure who develo
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Reardon, David P., and Peter S. Yoo. "Levothyroxine Tablet Malabsorption Associated with Gastroparesis Corrected with Gelatin Capsule Formulation." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1316724.

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Treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine sodium often requires multiple dose adjustments and can be complicated by patients with gastric and intestinal dysfunction that limits absorption. In these cases, doses are often titrated higher than commonly used in clinical practice. Multiple formulations of levothyroxine are currently available and some may be preferred in cases of malabsorption. We report a case of a 42-year-old female who presented with a living unrelated kidney transplant evaluation with myxedema while being treated with levothyroxine sodium tablets. She was noted to have ga
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corrected sodium"

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Chhun, Labo. "Modes d'Alimentation et de Commande des lampes sodium haute pression en vue d’éviter les résonances acoustiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0009/document.

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Grâce au développement de la technologie des semi-conducteurs, les ballasts électroniques fonctionnant en haute fréquence offrent des avantages considérables par rapport aux ballasts électromagnétiques conventionnels. Il en résulte une augmentation de la durée de vie de la lampe, une diminution du volume et du poids du système et surtout un meilleur contrôle de son fonctionnement afin de réduire notamment la consommation électrique. Parmi des lampes à décharge, la lampe sodium haute pression a une excellente efficacité lumineuse et une longue durée de vie. Pourtant, quand la lampe fonctionne e
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Books on the topic "Corrected sodium"

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Jörres, Achim, Dietrich Hasper, and Michael Oppert. Electrolyte and acid–base disorders in AKI. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0230.

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Electrolyte disturbances are common in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and should be corrected. In particular, hyperkalaemia above 6–6.5 mmol/L (especially with electrocardiogram changes) constitutes a medical emergency and warrants immediate intervention. Both hypo- and hypernatraemia may occur during AKI. Chronic changes in serum sodium need to be corrected bearing in mind the underlying pathology; however, when severe and evolving rapidly they should be corrected faster, irrespective of the cause. Acid–base disorders are also common in AKI and need to be treated in the context of un
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Drugs to Correct Electrolyte Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0015.

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Critically ill patients develop electrolyte imbalances, and replacement orders are daily practice. Knowing how to manage sodium imbalances in both neurocritical care and neurosurgical practices is imperative. Changes in serum sodium values are very common in acute neurocritical illness, and these derangements are important not only because the patient’s level of consciousness may change but because they may signal a neurologic change. This chapter discusses how to replace common electrolyte replacements and offers more detailed information about the management of disorders of sodium and water
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Frise, Matthew C., and Jonathan B. Salmon. Disorders of potassium in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0251.

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Plasma potassium levels are maintained in health between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L, and reflect total body potassium only in stable states at normal pH. Most true hyperkalaemia results from renal insufficiency. The goals of therapy are myocardial protection and return of plasma potassium to a safe level. Measures are commonly initiated above 5.5 mmol/L; above 6.5 mmol/L, aggressive measures should be adopted and calcium salts given if there are cardiac dysrhythmias or QRS-broadening. Glucose-insulin infusions and beta-2-agonists promote potassium shifts into cells. Diuretics and sodium bicarbonate ma
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Esen, Figen. Disorders of magnesium in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0252.

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Plasma potassium levels are maintained in health between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L, and reflect total body potassium only in stable states at normal pH. Most true hyperkalaemia results from renal insufficiency. The goals of therapy are myocardial protection and return of plasma potassium to a safe level. Measures are commonly initiated above 5.5 mmol/L; above 6.5 mmol/L, aggressive measures should be adopted and calcium salts given if there are cardiac dysrhythmias or QRS-broadening. Glucose-insulin infusions and beta-2-agonists promote potassium shifts into cells. Diuretics and sodium bicarbonate ma
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Neligan, Patrick J., and Clifford S. Deutschman. Management of metabolic acidosis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0256.

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Metabolic acidosis (MA) commonly complicates critical illness, usually manifesting as a fall in arterial pH (&lt;7.4) accompanied by a concomitant fall in serum bicarbonate concentration. Acidosis caused by unmeasured anions (UMA), can be distinguished from Hyperchloraemic acidosis by demonstrating a widening of the anion gap (AG). AG should be corrected for albumin and lactate. The base deficit (BD) calculates degree of metabolic acidosis and represents the amount of strong cation required to restore the pH to 7.4. Neither the AG nor the BD specify the cause of acidosis, and are unhelpful in
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Marshall, Mark R. Intermittent acute renal replacement therapy. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0233_update_001.

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This chapter summarizes current best practice with respect to intermittent haemodialysis and sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) for those with acute kidney injury. These modalities can be delivered using a variety of technology platforms. These platforms for the most part use online dialysate, and water quality needs to be monitored and maintained to current standards. Intermittent haemodialysis and SLED provide reasonable outcomes in experienced hands, and ameliorate morbidity and mortality resulting from the ‘acute uraemic syndrome’: that is, intractable infection, non-resolving shock,
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Zietse, Robert, and Ewout Hoorn. Approach to the patient with hypernatraemia. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0029_update_001.

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Hypernatraemia is much less common than hyponatraemia, and its prevalence is higher in certain populations, including children, the elderly, and critically ill patients. A common feature is that patients affected have been unable to drink water to correct the disorder. Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia are both primarily disorders of water balance. Hypernatraemia is caused by a relative deficit of total body water in comparison to total body sodium. Both disorders are often associated with disturbances in the hormone governing water balance, arginine vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). Hypernat
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Brêtas, Anilce de Araújo. Balanço eletrolítico estratégico na ração de suínos criados em clima quente. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-318-3.

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The effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance (EB) in rations for growing and finished swine under high temperatures ambient was evaluated. Two hundred male castrated pigs with initial average 25,3±1.3 kg were allotted in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments T1 diet without supplemented electrolyte 191 mEq/kg; T2 (supl B) diet supplementd with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 250 mEq/kg; T3 (supl B+C) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) 250 mEq/kg; T4 (supl B) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) 300 mEq/kg; T5 (supl B+C) diet supplemented (NaHCO3) and (KCl
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Buchaklian, Adam H., and David P. Dimmock. Citrin Deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0018.

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Citrin deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that appears to affect both the urea cycle and energy generation. Worldwide, citrin deficiency is likely one of the commonest inborn errors of metabolism, 60,000–80,000 individuals are estimated to have citrin deficiency in China alone. Children typically present with an abnormal newborn screen or neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis with citrin deficiency (NICCD). Adults typically present clinically with neuropsychiatric symptoms, hepatic dysfunction and hyperammonemia. As plasma amino acids typically show an elevated citrulline at the time of c
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Brimioulle, Serge. Pathophysiology, causes, and management of metabolic alkalosis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0257.

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Metabolic alkalosis occurs in up 51% of abnormal acid-base samples in the hospital. It is characterized by a primary increase in bicarbonate concentration and is always associated with chloride depletion. In critically-ill patients, it is most often generated by diuretic administration, digestive losses, alkali administration, or rapid correction of hypercapnia. Even after all causal factor are removed, it can be maintained by blood volume depletion and potassium depletion. Metabolic alkalosis results in hypercapnia, hypoxaemia, cardiac arrhythmias, altered consciousness, and neuromuscular hyp
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Book chapters on the topic "Corrected sodium"

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LeBlanc, Jaclyn. "Altered Mental Status." In Acute Care Casebook, edited by Allen Tran. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190865412.003.0047.

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Patients with hyponatremia may present with multiple symptoms, ranging from mild confusion to seizures to coma, depending on the extent of the derangement. Assessment of serum and urine osmolality, urine sodium, and fluid status is imperative in identifying the etiology and subsequent treatment of the condition. Hypovolemic hyponatremia should be corrected with fluids to raise the sodium a maximum of 8 to 10 mmol/L over 24 hours or 18 mmol/L over 48 hours. For patients with seizures, severe confusion, coma, or signs of brainstem herniation, hypertonic saline may be employed to raise the serum
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Zaidi, Syed, Rahul Bollam, and Kainat Saleem. "Electrolytes in the ICU." In Mineral Deficiencies - Electrolyte Disturbances, Genes, Diet and Disease Interface [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96957.

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Electrolyte disorders is an imbalance of certain ionized salts (sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride) in the blood. Healthcare providers should be familiar with the principles of electrolyte physiology and pathophysiology. Disturbances in sodium homeostasis are primarily caused by volume abnormalities leading to primarily neurologic symptoms. Dyskalemias frequently present with cardiac manifestations therefore should be treated promptly before evaluating its cause. Ion deficiencies such as hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia should be corrected as they are associated
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Erickson, Dana, and Lucinda M. Gruber. "Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency and Resistance." In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, 2nd ed., edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, William D. Freeman, Alice Gallo de Moraes, and Richard A. Oeckler. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197628638.003.0034.

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Abstract Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) results from impaired AVP secretion. Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R) arises from impaired AVP activity in the kidney. Both disorders lead to production of large volumes of dilute urine, resulting in an increase in plasma osmolality and stimulation of thirst. Evaluation includes serum sodium, serum and urine osmolality, and fluid balance. Hypotonic fluid should be administered to intubated and sedated patients with AVP-D or AVP-R to help correct hypernatremia. Desmopressin should be reserved for patients with AVP-D who cannot keep up with
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Rees, Lesley, Nicholas J. A. Webb, Detlef Bockenhauer, and Marilynn G. Punaro. "Tubular disorders." In Paediatric Nephrology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784272.003.0007.

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Tubular function is critical for the maintenance of electrolyte and acid–base balance. Consequently, acid–base disorders typically manifest with alterations in plasma electrolyte concentrations and/or pH. Tubular handling of the various electrolytes is often linked on a molecular level. For example, secretion of potassium and protons in the collecting duct is dependent on sodium reabsorption. Consequently, tubular disorders typically present with characteristic patterns of electrolyte and acid–base abnormalities, which can serve as biochemical ‘fingerprints’ for the accurate diagnosis of the u
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Cooper, Chris. "6. Blood transfusion." In Blood: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199581450.003.0006.

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‘Blood transfusion’ outlines the history of transfusing animal blood dating back to the 17th century. The 19th century saw the first successful human blood transfusion, but two major issues remained: the problems of clotting and blood group incompatibility. Albert Hustin and Luis Agote resolved the first issue in 1914 by using sodium citrate in transfusions to work as an anticoagulant. Richard Lewisohn calculated the correct levels of citrate needed to avoid poisoning the blood. Karl Landsteiner’s work in early 20th-century Vienna revealed the ABO blood type distinctions, solving the latter pr
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Kaupp, Gerd. "Investigation on Six Polymorphs of Sodium Chloride upon Depth-Sensing Macroindentation with Unusual Long-Range Cracks Requiring 30 N Load." In Basic Mathematics for Physically Correct Mechanical Properties from Indentations. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-921-1/ch6.

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Schobert, Harold. "Climate." In Rethinking Coal. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199767083.003.0015.

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Abstract Coal yields more carbon dioxide (CO2) per unit of energy than any other fuel. The steadily rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 and increasing manifestations of global warming bring great pressure on the use of coal. Evidence for the contribution of fossil fuels to atmospheric CO2 comes from the Suess effect, which correctly predicts that atmospheric CO2 should have increasing amounts of 12C relative to 13C and, at the same time, reduced amounts of 14C. Dealing with CO2 emissions while continuing to use coal requires deploying strategies of carbon capture and storage. So far, we ma
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Evans, Julian, and John W. Turnbull. "Afforestation of inhospitable sites." In Plantation Forestry in the Tropics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529941.003.0023.

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Abstract It is very difficult to grow trees on some sites, but only in a few environments with extreme cold or no soil is it completely impossible. Apart from these environments, with careful treatment of the site and correct choice of species, trees can be established on many very unpromising sites. Although some species are remarkably tolerant of poor growing conditions, establishing trees on naturally inhospitable sites usually requires special techniques. This chapter outlines the reasons which make sites inhospitable and considers the silvicultural techniques for afforesting five examples
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Yao*, Sylvia Y. M., Carol E. Cassꝉ, and James D. Young*. "The Xenopus oocyte expression system for the cDNA cloning and characterization of plasma membrane transport proteins." In Membrane Transport. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637058.003.0003.

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Abstract Oocytes of Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed frog, represent a simple, but powerful system for the transient expression of heterologous proteins. These large and resilient cells have a high translational capacity and are readily microinjected with exogenous RNA or DNA. As a system for studying plasma membrane transport proteins, Xenopus oocytes are readily amenable to both radioisotope flux measurements and electrophysiological recordings. They also subject newly synthesized proteins to various forms of processing, including glycosylation and correct plasma membrane insertion.
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Tahir, Mr Abu. "Pharmaceutical Calculations." In Edited Book of Pharmaceutics – I [According to Latest Syllabus of B. Pharm-I Semester of Pharmacy Council of India]. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/nbennurepch6.

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Pharmaceutical calculations are essential skills for pharmacists, ensuring accurate preparation and dispensing of medications. One fundamental aspect is understanding weights and measures, using both the Imperial and Metric systems. The Imperial system includes units like pounds and ounces, while the Metric system, preferred in pharmaceuticals, uses grams and milliliters for precision. Calculations involving percentage solutions are common in pharmacy practice. For example, to prepare a 10% w/v (weight/volume) solution, one would dissolve 10 grams of a solute in enough water to make 100 millil
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Conference papers on the topic "Corrected sodium"

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Costa, S. T., and J. L. Walker. "The Value of Sodium Monitoring." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91217.

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Abstract The need to know the contaminant level of steam has been met by the on-line use of a continuous analyzer based on a sodium ion-specific electrode. But while such an instrument provides the accuracy and sensitivity required, it does not assure reliable results unless the sample being delivered to the electrode is truly representative of the stream being evaluated. Correct sample collection and delivery procedures must be strictly followed. Boiler water carryover consists of liquid and vaporous carryover. Sodium will accurately assess the liquid carryover of industrial boilers, but the
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Hollander, Orin. "Control of Sodium to Phosphate Ratio in Real Time in a Boiler in the Presence of Additives and Impurities." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99236.

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Abstract A computer controlled system for controlling the chemistry of boilers operating on coordinated phosphate chemistry is described. The salient features of this system is that it uses a feed forward system to compute the future state of the system, combined with a unique algorithm for precisely controlling both phosphate level and sodium to phosphate molar ratios simultaneously. This addresses problems with existing systems, in which both phosphate and mole ratio may became seriously out of control. In addition, this system corrects the mole ratios to account for all common additives and
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Duncan, J. B., J. R. Divine, C. F. Windisch, W. I. Winters, and K. G. Carothers. "Electrochemistry Corrosion Study for Tank 241-AY-102 Sludge." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03677.

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Abstract The chemistry (sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate concentrations) in the sludge region of the Hanford underground radioactive waste storage tank 241-AY-102, did not meet the requirements for corrosion control established in Technical Safety Requirements (TSR), Administrative Control (AC) 5.15, "Chemistry Control Program." Because there are no near-term alternatives available to correct the sludge chemistry, an understanding of the corrosion behavior of the waste in the sludge region of the tank was required. The sludge resides deep within the tank (at 60 ° Celsius) where its oxygen c
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Peterson, R. A., I. E. Eisner, and R. E. Staroscsak. "The Use of a Fluorescent Tracer for Boiler Water Treatment Monitoring and Control." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92414.

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Abstract The success of a boiler water treatment program is dependent upon the correct dosage added to the feedwater. An all-polymer internal treatment product containing a proprietary fluorescent tracer has been developed and field tested for the purposes of monitoring treatment concentration, determining concentration cycles, and improving dosage control through automation. Tracer fluorescence measured in the boiler feedwater directly correlated to treatment concentration. By measuring fluorescence in the blowdown, the average boiler concentration cycles was determined using a tracer, and th
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Mountain, Bruce W., Terry M. Seward, and Julia K. Björke. "Amorphous Aluminous Silica Scales: Thermochemistry for Better Scale Prediction Models." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02246.

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Abstract Amorphous aluminous silica (AAS) scale samples from the Wairakei and Ohaaki power stations, New Zealand, have been characterized chemically and mineralogically. These show that Al is present in the amorphous phase and not in a distinct aluminosilicate mineral. The electron microprobe analyses show zonation of the aluminum concentration, which correlates with the concentration of sodium and potassium. One of the Ohaaki scales (SP3 2011) was used in a flow-through experiment at 100 – 250 °C and pressures slightly above saturated water vapor pressure, using distilled water. Measured solu
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Rincon, Hernan E., Raymundo P. Case, and Xuanping Tang. "Determination of the Critical Pitting Temperature of Stainless Steel Using Electrochemical Testing Techniques." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01334.

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Corrosion resistance alloys (CRAs) used in oil and gas industry may suffer severe localized corrosion such as pitting and crevice corrosion. Critical pitting temperatures (CPT) determined by ASTM G48-03 and ASTM G150-99 standard procedures are suitable for ranking the susceptibility of stainless steel to pitting corrosion but not appropriate for predicting pitting corrosion of stainless steel under production conditions. Some researchers have proposed the use of electrochemical noise (ECN) to estimate values of CPT on stainless steel. However the criteria used to determine these values are not
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Batton, C. B., and R. F. Riede. "A Novel Sulfite Alternative Scavenger and Benefits for the Use of Traced Oxygen Scavengers." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94202.

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Abstract Dissolved oxygen in boiler systems is known to cause corrosion. Mechanical deaeration removes the majority of the dissolved oxygen while oxygen scavengers remove the remaining trace level. Sodium sulfite is a commonly used scavenger, but has several use limitations, such as high solids contribution to boiler water and decomposition products that are corrosive gases which can cause downstream equipment problems. A novel sulfite replacement oxygen scavenger has been developed which addresses the limitations of sulfite. Identification and demonstrated performance of the new scavenger is
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Kobayashi, Kenji, Takuya Hara, Daisuke Mizuno, Nobuyuki Ishikawa, and Eiji Tada. "Effects of Balance Gas on Sour Corrosion and HIC Behavior of Carbon Steel." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05917.

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Abstract Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) is a major issue for line pipe steels exposed to sour environments. In general, 5.0 wt% NaCl and 0.5 wt% CH3COOH solution with 0.1 MPa H2S provided by NACE TM0284 as solution A is used to evaluate the HIC resistance of steel products. However, in many cases, the test condition is too severe compared to the actual field conditions. Therefore, establishment of an appropriate HIC evaluation method under mildly sour conditions has been the subject of considerable investigations in recent years. In this study, the influences of balance gas (N2 and CO2) and s
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Murphy, Bob. "Standards, Training and Certification in the Wastewater Industry." In SSPC 2016 Greencoat. SSPC, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2016-00047.

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Abstract This paper will provide information on the standards used in evaluating and determining correct application and selection of protective coatings and linings used in the wastewater industry. It will also highlight certification that can be used in evaluating contractors and inspection companies used in the coating and lining process. A city of 100,000 people requires 10 to 20 million gallons of water daily. The resulting wastewater produced daily contains 20 to 60 tons of solids. In treatment facilities processing these large quantities of water and wastewater, concrete is exposed to a
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Abuazza, O., R. Elaish, K. Enawaa, S. Alomami, and A. Gaderbuh. "Evaluation of Sacrificial Anode Backfill Material." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08051.

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Abstract A common method of corrosion control of buried pipeline is that of cathodic protection involving the use of sacrificial anodes. To ensure maximum effectiveness of an anode, a suitable backfill material of Gypsum/Bentonite is required to maintain the necessary current flow. This material is generally inert and moisture retentive. In the River Project of Libya, the bentonite used was collected from two different clay member formations. The destructive inspection of zinc anodes revealed that the backfill material used from one formation (No. 1) has dried quickly and shrunk away from the
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