Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Correlació'
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Clotet, Romeu Anna Maria. "Anàlisi ovb de la correlació electrònica. Aplicació a sistemes model." Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1993. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net.
Full textClotet, Romeu Anna M. "Anàlisi ovb de la correlació electrònica. Aplicació a sistemes model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8978.
Full textMademont, Soler Irene. "Estratègies de diagnòstic genètic en fetus amb malformacions congènites. Correlació genotip-fenotip." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120098.
Full textStrategies for genetic diagnosis of fetuses with congenital malformations. Genotype-phenotype correlations. Constitutional chromosomal abnormalities represent one of the main causes of congenital abnormalities in the population, and their diagnosis during pregnancy is the main objective of most invasive procedures. Nowadays, conventional karyotyping is the gold standard for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis, but recent technological advances have led to the development of molecular cytogenetic techniques which offer much higher resolution. Since there is still not a consensus on the role of these techniques in prenatal diagnosis, the goals of the present PhD work have been: a) to determine the diagnostic potential and usefulness of karyotype and molecular cytogenetic techniques Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Chromosomal Microarray-based Analysis (CMA) in prenatal diagnosis, especially in pregnancies with ultrasound findings; and b) to establish the need for modifications in current prenatal cytogenetic diagnostic protocols. The results obtained: - Corroborate the effectiveness and robustness of conventional karyotyping. The observed detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in 29,883 consecutive amniotic fluid samples has been 2.9%, with increased nuchal translucency and ultrasound abnormalities being excellent indicators for chromosomal abnormalities. - Suggest that subtelomeric screening in pregnancies with ultrasound findings and normal karyotype is not a crucial tool, as detection rate of subtelomeric imbalances is low (1.3%; 3/229), and genotype-phenotype correlations are poor. - Reveal that FISH of 22q11.2 region is preferred to MLPA kits specific for this chromosome region and other genomic regions previously associated with congenital heart defects. - Reveal a strong association between cardiac ultrasound findings and chromosomal abnormalities, both microscopic and cryptic. In pregnancies with cardiac findings, the observed frequency of microscopic chromosomal abnormalities and chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has been 15.9% (44/276) and 6.4% (5/78), respectively. Moreover, CMA has been performed in 51 fetuses with cardiac ultrasound findings, normal karyotype and negative or no FISH study for chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and the detection rate of pathogenic copy number variants has been 2%, without detection of variants of unknown clinical significance. If in the initial series of 276 pregnancies the strategy QF-PCR + CMA would have been applied; all the chromosomal abnormalities with clear clinical repercussion diagnosed by conventional cytogenetics would have been identified, together with the deletions of 22q11.2 region and an extra 2% of chromosomal abnormalities. These results show the potential of CMA for the prenatal diagnosis of these pregnancies. - Show the usefulness of the molecular cytogenetic techniques FISH, MLPA and CMA when used as a complement to conventional karyotyping in cases with chromosomal abnormalities not accurately characterizable by conventional cytogenetics. Accordingly, the results obtained suggest the need for updating current prenatal cytogenetic diagnostic protocols.
Abellana, Sangrà Rosa Maria. "Aportacions als mètodes estadístics per a modelar dades agregades amb correlació espacial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2837.
Full textEl primer objectiu de la tesis ha estat comparar aquests dos procediments. Aquesta comparació s'ha realitzat en termes de biaix i precisió mitjançant un estudi de simulació. La principal conclusió que s'ha obtingut es que els dos procediments no presenten grans diferències tot i que en situacions d'un nombre petit de regions i de casos esperats les estimacions fully bayesian presenten uns resultats més consistents i en canvi amb moltes regions i casos esperats el procediment quasiversemblança penalitzada presenta més precisió en les estimacions.
El segon objectiu ha estat millorar la convergència de l'algoritme de maximització utilitzat en el procediment de la quasiversosimilitud penalitzada quan es modelen dades amb correlació espacial. Aquesta millora s'ha aconseguit reparametritzant la matriu de variàncies i covariàncies dels efectes aleatoris.
El tercer objectiu ha estat buscar mètodes per testar la absència d'un patró geogràfic, és a dir, la existència d'independència espacial. Per això s'han avaluat diverses proves per contrastar aquesta hipòtesis com: el test de Wald, el quocient de versemblances, el Score test, i el AKAIKE information criterion i a més s'ha estudiat el comportament del coeficient de concordança entre matrius. Els principals resultats que s'han obtingut són: el score test es la prova que presenta un millor equilibri entre l'error de tipus I i potència i el coeficient de concordança entre matrius és una mesura útil per prendre decisions sobre independència espacial, sobretot en aquells casos on el nombre de regions, casos esperats i la variància dels efectes aleatoris són petites.
Finalment, s'ha il·lustrat la metodologia presentada al llarg de la tesi mitjançant una aplicació sobre el risc de diabetis tipus I a Catalunya durant els anys 1989 i 1998.
The main objective of this thesis has been to study and to improve the techniques used in the analysis of the geographical variability of the disease risk across a region. In these studies the data are spatial correlated. The useful methodology to analyze this kind of data is the generalized linear mixed models. The estimation of these models can be carried out by two point of view: bayesian and frequentist. From a bayesian point of view, the estimation is done by fully bayesian and from frequentist the approach more used is the penalized quasi likelihood.
The first objective of this thesis has been to compare both approaches. The comparison has been performed in terms of bias and precision by a study of simulation. The main conclusion has been that both approaches don't present great differences but when the number of regions and expected counts are small the Fully Bayesian gives a more consistent results. However when the number of regions and expected counts are large the estimates by the penalized quasilikelihood are more precise.
The second objective has been to improve the convergence of the maximization algorithm used with the approach of the penalized quasi likelihood when the data are spatial correlated. The improvement has been obtained by a reparameterization of the variance and covariance matrix of the random effects.
The third objective has been to introduce the concordance coefficient between matrixes as a useful approach to evaluate the hypothesis of spatial independence. In addition, its performance has been compared to the Wald test, the score test, the likelihood ratio test and the AKAIKE information criterion. The main conclusions have been: the concordance coefficient has been shown to be a useful measure to decide spatial independence, mainly in those cases in which the region number, expected counts and the random effects variance are small and the score test is the test which presents a better balance between type I error and power.
Finally, the results of this thesis has been applied to the Insulin-Dependent Diabetes type I data from Catalonia.
González-André, María del Carmen. "Del cos viscut al cos representat. Correlació entre acció, representació i cognició." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671123.
Full textLa psicomotricidad se ha ido construyendo, desde las aportaciones de la medicina y la neuropsicología, como una disciplina que busca crear un entorno adecuado para atender a los niños dentro de un espacio que favorece el acompañamiento de su itinerario madurativo desde la vivencia de su cuerpo y desde el movimiento. Con independencia de las líneas de abordaje y del campo concreto de actuación, son muchas y muy variadas las contribuciones a partir de las que se ha ido construyendo esta disciplina (Lapierre (1977); Aucouturier (1977); Muniáin (1977) ; Le Bouch (1984); Franco (1993); Berruezo (2000); Arnaiz et al., (2001); Serrabona (2002); Martínez-Mínguez et al., (2017)). Por su vinculación a esta Tesis, hemos creído necesario centrarnos en las aportaciones de Lapierre y Aucouturier (1985). Estos autores han destacado la importancia del acompañamiento y la consideración de la dimensión afectiva y fantasmática del niño en las sesiones de psicomotricidad, proporcionando, de esta manera, un dispositivo mediante el cual el adulto articula estrategias pedagógicas respecto a esta intervención en el ámbito educativo. Sin embargo, es la obra de Aucouturier (2004) la que nos ha servido como marco específico de nuestro trabajo. Efectivamente, es en la Práctica Psicomotriz de Aucoutourier (PPA) que se ha situado nuestra investigación. Concretamente, hemos querido explorar la correlación existente entre la fase de representación, entendida como el momento en el que se movilizan las emociones y los afectos, y la mejora de los procesos cognitivos en niños de tres años. Por otro lado, el doble papel de la autora (como psicomotricista y como investigadora) nos hizo optar por el paradigma ecológico para la investigación sobre la propia práctica, en un intento de explorar los efectos reales de la práctica educativa tal como sucede en la sala de psicomotricidad. Así, se optó por situar la investigación en el centro dónde ejercía como psicomotricista la autora (una escuela concertada del centro de Barcelona). Más concretamente, el programa de psicomotricidad del nivel de P3 durante el curso 2017 hasta 2018 fue el escenario donde se aplicó un diseño cuasiexperimental en el que cada uno de los tres grupos clase (A, B y C) se constituyó como grupo experimental independiente, según el criterio que se explica más adelante. A partir de aquí, al inicio del curso (y haciendo funciones de pre-test) se pasó la Batería Cognitiva del Test de Merrill-Palmer, que se repitió (como post-test) al final del periodo docente. Durante las diecinueve semanas que separar estos dos momentos, se desarrolló el programa de intervención, que consistía en la aplicación del programa de psicomotricidad para los tres grupos. Este programa se desarrolló de manera idéntica, con la excepción de la frecuencia con la que se llevó a cabo la fase de representación: 0%, 50% y 100% a los grupos A, B y C respectivamente. De manera paralela y para poder disponer de datos cualitativos, se llevó a cabo una bitácora de representaciones en la que se recogió y se organizaron todos los productos realizados durante las fases de representación. Igualmente, y para tener constancia del desarrollo de las sesiones y los incidentes críticos que pudieran haberse generado, se elaboró un diario de sesiones. Los resultados obtenidos mediante los diferentes instrumentos parecen indicar que una frecuencia del 100% en la realización de la representación en las sesiones de psicomotricidad, ha tenido efectos positivos, tanto sobre buena parte de los procesos cognitivos, como sobre la calidad de las representaciones hechas y el su grado de correspondencia con la realidad.
Psychomotricity has been built, from the contributions of medicine and neuropsychology, as a discipline that seeks to create a suitable environment to care for children within a space that favors the accompaniment of their journey of maturity from the experience of their body and movement. Independently of the lines of approach and the specific field of action, there are many and very varied contributions from which this discipline has been built (Lapierre (1977); Aucouturier (1977); Muniáin (1977) ; Le Bouch (1984); Franco (1993); Berruezo (2000); Arnaiz et al., (2001); Serrabona (2002); Martínez-Minguez et al., (2017)). Because of their link to this Thesis, we have thought necessary to focus on the contributions of Lapierre and Aucouturier (1985). These authors have highlighted the importance of accompaniment and the consideration of the affective and phantasmatic dimension of the child in psychomotricity sessions, providing, in this way, a device through which the adult articulates pedagogical strategies with respect to this intervention in the educational field. However, it is the work of Aucouturier (2004) that has served as the specific framework for our work. Indeed, it is in Aucoutourier’s Psychomotor Practice (PPA) that our research has been situated. Specifically, we wanted to explore the correlation between the representation phase, understood as the moment when emotions and affects are mobilised, and the improvement of cognitive processes in three-year-old children. On the other hand, the author’s double role (as a psychomotorist and as a researcher) made us opt for the ecological paradigm for researching practice itself, in an attempt to explore the real effects of educational practice as it happens in the psychomotor room. Thus, we chose to situate the research in the centre where the author worked as a psychomotricist (a state-subsidised school in the centre of Barcelona). More specifically, the psychomotricity programme at P3 level during the 2017 to 2018 academic year was the setting where a quasi-experimental design was applied in which each of the three class groups (A, B and C) was constituted as an independent experimental group, according to the criteria explained below. From here, at the beginning of the course (and doing pre-test functions) the Cognitive Battery of the Merrill-Palmer Test was passed, which was repeated (as a post-test) at the end of the teaching period. During the nineteen weeks that separate these two moments, the intervention programme was developed, which consisted of the application of the Psychomotricity programme for the three groups. This programme was developed in an identical way, with the exception of the frequency with which the representation phase was carried out: 0%, 50% and 100% to groups A, B and C respectively. In parallel and in order to have qualitative data, a representation log was carried out in which all the products made during the representation phases were collected and organized. Likewise, and in order to have a record of the development of the sessions and the critical incidents that may have been generated, a session diary was drawn up. The results obtained by means of the different instruments seem to indicate that a frequency of 100% in the performance of the representation in the psychomotricity sessions has had positive effects, both on a good part of the cognitive processes, as well as on the quality of the representations made and their degree of correspondence with reality.
Font, i. Llitjós Mariona. "Reabsorció renal d'aminoàcids: anàlisi de mutacions de SLC7A9, el gen de cistinúria de tipus B, i generació d'un model murí "knockout" de Slc7a8." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/977.
Full textS'ha acotat el locus de cistinúria de tipus no I al cromosoma 19q13.1, en una zona compresa entre els marcadors C13 i D19S587 de 2,3 Mb. S'ha clonat el gen SLC7A9 que codifica per a la subunitat lleugera de rBAT, b0,+AT. S'ha realitzat un anàlisi exhaustiu de mutacions del gen SLC7A9 en pacients de cistinúria. Aquestes mutacions causen pèrdua de funció del sistema de transport b0,+.
El 88% dels al·lels associats al fenotip no I presenten mutacions a SLC7A9 indicant que és el principal responsable del tipus no I. S'han identificat 52 i 24 mutacions noves a SLC7A9 i SLC3A1 en 164 famílies amb cistinúria de l'Internacional Cystinuria Consortium (ICC), que eleven el total de mutacions publicades a 66 i 105 a SLC7A9 i SLC3A1 respectivament.
Les mutacions identificades per l'ICC expliquen el 90,5%, 87,6% i 89,3% de pacients amb cistinúria de tipus I, no I i mixt, respectivament. Les mutacions més freqüents de SLC3A1 i SLC7A9 són p.M467T (26,4% dels al·lels mutats) i p.G105R (27,4% dels al·lels mutats) respectivament.
L'anàlisi del mRNA de vuit mutacions puntuals de SLC7A9, que no afecten zones consens de splicing, revela que tres d'elles (les freqüents p.R333W i c.614dupA i la rara c.586C>T) presenten alteracions en el splicing. Aquestes mutacions eleven el percentatge d'al·lels amb splicing erroni del 7% al 28%.
Per estudis de correlació genotip-fenotip s'ha observat que majoritàriament les mutacions a SLC3A1 i SLC7A9 s'associen a fenotips I i no I respectivament, però aproximadament el 12% dels heterozigots de SLC7A9 presenten fenotip I, i només el 4% dels heterozigots de SLC3A1 (mutació dupE5-E9) presenten fenotip no I. Aquesta dissociació entre genotip i fenotip ha motivat la proposta d'una nova classificació de la cistinúria: tipus A, causat per dues mutacions a SLC3A1; tipus B: causat per dues mutacions a SLC7A9 ; i un possible tipus AB, causat per una mutació a cada un dels gens.
Els nostres resultats demostren que l'herència digènica (AB) no dóna lloc a un desenvolupament complet de la malaltia (litiasi), encara que pot agreujar l'hiperexcreció d'aminoàcids.
Aproximadament el 13% dels al·lels de pacients amb cistinúria de l'ICC no han estat explicats per mutacions a SLC3A1 o SLC7A9 Aquests al·lels podrien explicar-se per mutacions al promotor o introns, a polimorfismes o a mutacions a altres gens.
S'han identificat dos polimorfismes de canvi d'aminoàcid (p.V142A i p.L223M) i tres a la regió promotora de SLC7A9 (c.1-313G>T i c.1-617G>T c.1-1314G>A) que estan associats a cistinúria, suggerint un possible paper d'aquests polimorfismes en la malaltia o l'existència de mutacions associades a aquests encara no identificades. D'altra banda, el polimorfisme IVS8+8C>A en el gen candidat SLC7A8 (LAT-2) sembla que està associat a cistinúria, suggerint un possible paper causatiu o modulador de LAT-2 en el fenotip cistinúric. S'ha descartat la implicació de SLC7A10 (asc-1) en la cistinúria.
S'ha començat a generar un ratolí knockout per Slc7a8 (LAT-2) per conèixer el seu possible paper en el fenotip cistinúric i en els altres teixits on s'expressa.
Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive (type I, OMIM 220100) and dominant with low penetrance (type non-I, OMIM 600918) aminoaciduria due to a disorder of renal reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids, which results in urolithiasis of cystine. Three cystinuria phenotypes have been described: I, non-I and mixed. Cystinuria is due to mutations in the heavy subunit rBAT (SLC3A1) and in the light subunit b0,+AT (SLC7A9) of the heteromeric amino acid transporter system b0,+.
We narrowed down the locus for type non-I cystinuria on chromosome 19q13.1 to 2,3 Mb, between markers C13 and D19S587. Then cloned SLC7A9, the gene that encodes for the light subunit of rBAT, b0,+AT. We performed an exhaustive mutation analysis of SLC7A9 in cystinuria patients. These mutations caused loss of function of the system b0,+.
We have identified 52 new mutations in SLC7A9 and 24 in SLC3A1 from 164 probands that increases the total number of mutations to 66 and 105 respectively. The mutated alleles reached an average of 86.8%. Mutations in SLC3A1 (type A) and in SLC7A9 (type B) accounted for 44.3% and 55.7% of the alleles identified. These data demonstrate that SLC7A9 is the main non-Type I cystinuria gene.
The mRNA analysis of eight point mutations in SLC7A9, which do not affect splicing consensus sequences, revealed that three of them showed aberrant splicing. These mutations increase the percentage of alleles with aberrant splicing from 7% to 28%.
SLC3A1 heterozygotes showed phenotype I with the exception of some carriers of dupE5-E9, which showed phenotype non-I. SLC7A9 heterozygotes showed phenotype non-I, with the exception of eleven mutations. Therefore we proposed a new cystinuria classification based on genetic criteria: type A caused by two mutations in SLC3A1 (rBAT), type B caused by two mutations in SLC7A9 (bo,+AT) and, the possibility of type AB with one mutation on each of the above genes. Our results indicate that digenic inheritance contributes to the urine phenotype but none of the AB individuals presented cystine urolithiasis. There are still 13% of unexplained alleles. Our results suggest that these alleles may be due to amino acid change polymorphisms and to promoter variants in SLC7A9, rather than to mutations in a third gene.
Ortín, Font Xavier. "Distrès oxidatiu en pacients amb estadis inicials de leucèmia limfàtica crònica. Valoració i correlació amb factors pronòstic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8752.
Full textObjectiu. Determinar el grau d'OS en pacients amb estadis inicials d'LLC, relacionar amb altres factors pronòstics reconeguts, i comparar-los amb un grup control.
Materials i mètodes. En 37 pacients diagnosticats d'LLC en estadis inicials, es va determinar l'OS mitjançant la mesura i puntuació de diferents paràmetres. Els resultats van ser processats estadísticament.
Resultats. S'observa major OS en grup de pacients, major en els malalts amb major nombre de factors pronòstics adversos.
Conclusió. La determinació del nivell d'OS podria usar-se com a marcador pronòstic en estadís inicials d'LLC al costat dels factors ja coneguts.
Introduction. An important area of research of CLL is the identification of markers useful for predicting likelihood of disease progression. Measurement of oxidative stress (OS), makes reference to the imbalance in favour of prooxidating state in front of antioxidative state.
Objective. To determine the degree of OS in a group of patients with initial stages of CLL, to relate it with another recognized prognosis factors and to compare with a matched group control.
Material and methods. In a group of 37 patients diagnosed of initial stages of CLL, OS were determinated by the measurement and scoring of different parameters. The results were statistical processed.
Results. Significantly greater OS is observed in patients group, greater in patients with higher number of adverse prognostic factors.
Conclusion. The determination of the level of OS could be considered for its use as prognosis factor of CLL early stage, next to the knowed factors.
Prat, Ortells Jordi. "Correlació entre l’hemodinàmica, la morfometria, la histoquímica i l’estat neonatal en un model d’hèrnia diafragmàtica tractada amb oclusió traqueal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/306270.
Full textBACKGROUND: In animal models of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), tracheal occlusion (TO) has induced maturation of both airway spaces and vascular structures. Airway and vascular response to TO are assumed to occur in parallel. This study aims to describe and measure the relationship between airway and vascular maturation induced by TO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rabbit model of CDH on gestational day (GD) 23 and TO on GD28 (term=GD31) has been used. Two study groups have been defined: DH (diaphragmatic hernia) and TO (DH treated with TO). Blood flow data of the pulmonary artery (pulsatility index and fractional moving blood volume) were ultrasonographically measured at GD30. Animals were collected on GD30. Lung morphometry consisted of radial alveolar count (RAC) and arterial muscular thickness (AMT). RESULTS: Animals in group DH (n=9) had the worst hemodynamic parameters; their lungs were hypoplastic and had the thickest arterial muscular layer. Animals in group TO (n=10) had reversed all these effects. There were no correlations among hemodynamic, airway and vascular parameters, except for RAC and pulsatility index (r=-0.528, p=0.043). CONCLUSION: Airway and vascular maturation after TO appear to be independent effects. Tracheal occlusion could trigger several pathways that would separately regulate airway and vascular response.
Tarrado, i. Castellarnau Xavier. "Correlació entre l’hemodinàmica, la morfometria, la histoquímica i l’estat neonatal en un model d’hipoplàsia pulmonar per hèrnia diafragmàtica congènita." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/295116.
Full textOBJECTIVES: To study various features (hemodynamic, morphological, hystochemical and functional) of pulmonary hypoplasia (HP) in an animal model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (HD). DESIGN: Experimental study in New Zealand white rabbits. GROUPS: diaphragmatic hernia (HD); Control (C). SURGERY: Fetal surgery on day 23 of gestation, performing an HD and hemodynamic assessment with eco-doppler. Reoperation on day 28 of gestation, with a new hemodynamic assessment. Fetus extraction by Caesarean section on day 30 of gestation (pregnancy completes at 31 days) and hemodynamic reassessment. Cannulation of the newborn’s trachea and placement under O2 hood for 1 hour. Necropsy, extraction and processing the samples of lung tissue. DETERMINATIONS: Hemodynamic: Fluxometry of the pulmonary artery (PI: Pulsatility Index, and FMBV: Fractional Moving Blood Volume). Morphological: lung weight (PP); Lung –to-body weight ratio (LBWR); pulmonary vascular morphometry (GPA); radial alveolar count (RAC). Immunohystochemical: Determination of FGF-10, TGF-β, PDGF and VEGF-A. Functional: SaO2 with 0.21 FiO2 at one hour of life. Statistics: nonparametric tests of quantitative variables; description of qualitative variables. RESULTS: In the HD group all hemodynamic and morphometric parameters were significantly worse than in group C. The neonatal mortality in the 1st hour was 66% and 7% respectively in groups HD and C. The hemodynamic data closely correlate with morphology. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The HD model is valid for the study of HDC since it produces: a) A significant HP according to morphological parameters (PP, LBWR and RAC). b) A significant morphological change (GPA) of the pulmonary arterioles characteristic of pulmonary hypertension. c) A neonatal respiratory insufficiency proved by clinical parameters(SaO2, FC, mortality in the 1st hour). d) An expected pathophysiological sequence: diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary hypoperfusion and neonatal respiratory failure. 2. This surgical model of HD enables to assess fetal pulmonary circulation with Doppler ultrasound, which is sensitive to detect a significant increase in vascular resistance and decreased pulmonary perfusion found in fetuses with HD. 3. In this HD model, the pulsatility index (PI) and the fractional moving blood volume (FMBV) determined by Doppler ultrasound measure the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia prenatally.
Piquer, Gibert Mònica. "Fenotips d'immunodeficiència comuna variable (IDCV) en pacients pediàtrics. Correlació genotip-fenotip en l'evolució clínica i el tractament dels pacients." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664273.
Full textCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immune disorder characterized by a defect of antibody production in relation to recurrent sinopulmonary infections, autoimmune disorders, granulomatous disease and an increased risk of malignancy. CVID is a heterogeneous disease and pediatric patients have a great clinical variability and evolution attributable in part to the fact that it is a diagnosis of exclusion. The present study is focused on the clinical description, the immunological analysis and genetic study (whole exome sequencing) of a cohort of patients diagnosed of CVID with pediatric onset and diagnosis. We study 25 patients where the median age at the first symptom is 4 years old and 9 years old at diagnosis. Most of patients are male, Caucasian race and not inbred. Clinical and immunological characteristics are identified associated with certain phenotypes. Patient with mutations developed more clinical phenotypes and suffer CMV and/or EBV infections. More than half of patients with CVID presented autoimmune disease and 1/3 associated two or more autoimmune diseases. The female patients presented more complex phenotypes and worse prognosis, and patients with expansion of B lymphocytes CD21low presented greater chance of autoimmunity. Five malignancies (4 lymphomas) were diagnosed in four out of the 25 CVID pediatric patients. Since neither a particular immunological nor clinical phenotyping is clearly associated with an increased risk of developing malignancy, we recommend performing screening and prevention of modifiable factors for cancer in all CVID patients regardless of their age. Moreover, in pediatric patients with immunodeficiency and lymphoma, a screening for underlying genetic defects should be considered. This study allows diagnosing more accurately up to 20% of patients because of genetic studies (mutations in TACI, LRBA, PIK3R1 and CTLA4). In these patients has been possible genetic counselling and in 2 of them the fact of establishing a diagnosis of certainty has represented a change in the treatment and therefore in their prognosis.
Melo, Martínez Sandra Esperanza. "Análisis de datos longitudinales y multivariantes mediante distancias con modelos lineales generalizados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101150.
Full textLONGITUDINAL AND MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS THROUGH DISTANCES WITH GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS We are introducing new methodologies for the analysis of longitudinal data with continuous responses (univariate, multivariate for growth curves and with non-normal response using generalized linear models) based on distances between observations (or individuals) on the explicative variables. In all cases, after adding new components of the principal coordinate matrix, we observe a prediction improvement with respect to the classic models, thus providing an alternative prediction methodology to them. It was proven that both the distance based MANOVA model and the univariate longitudinal models are as robust as the classical counterparts using restricted maximum likelihood and weighted minimum squares under normality assumptions. The parameters of the distance based univariate model were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood and generalized minimum squares. For the distance based MANOVA we used minimum squares under normality conditions. We also showed how to perform inference on the model parameters on large samples. We indicated a methodology for the analysis of longitudinal data using generalized linear models and distances between the explanatory variables, where the results were similar to the classical approach. However, our approach allowed us to model continuous, non-normal responses in the time. As well as presenting the model and the motivational ideas, we indicate how to estimate the parameters and hypothesis test on them. For this purpose we use generalized estimating equations (EEG). We present an application case in each chapter for illustration purposes. The models were fit and validated. After performing some simulations, we found small differences in the distance based method with respect to the classical one for mixed data, particularly in the small sample setting (about 50 individuals). Using simulation we found that for some sample sizes, the distance based models improve the traditional ones when explanatory variables are mixed and Gower distance is used. This is the case for small samples, regardless of the correlation, autocorrelation structure, the variance, and the number of periods when using both the Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) Information Criteria. Moreover, for these small samples, we found greater efficiency (>1) in our model with respect to the classical one. Our models also provide better fits in large samples (100 or 200) with high correlations (0.5 and 0.9), high variance (50) and larger number of time measurements (7 and 10). We proved that the new and the classical models coincide when explanatory variables are all either continuous or categorical (or binary). We also created programs in R for the analysis of the data considered in the different chapters of this thesis in both models, the classical and the newly proposed one, which are attached in a CD. We are currently working to create a public, accessible R package. The main advantages of these methods are that they allow for time predictions, the modelization of the autocorrelation structure, and the analysis of data with mixed variables (continuous, categorical and binary). In such cases, as opposed to the classical approach, the independency of the components principal coordinate matrix can always be guaranteed. Finally, the proposed models allow for good missing data estimation: adding extra components to the model with respect to the original variables improves the fit without changing the information original. This is particularly important in the longitudinal data analysis and for those researchers whose main interest resides in obtaining good predictions.
Escofet, Soteras Jaume. "Caracterització, reconeixement de patrons i detecció de defectes en textures periòdiques mitjançant anàlisi d'imatges. Aplicació a teixits textils." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6746.
Full textLa majoria de defectes que es produeixen en el procés productiu d'un material tèxtil, com en tants altres materials i productes industrials, són detectats encara per inspectors humans. La seva feina és, en general, molt repetitiva i rutinària i, moltes vegades, el consum de temps que hi dediquen és molt elevat. A més cal fixar l'atenció en petits detalls situats en un camp extens, que sovint es troba en moviment, el que acaba produint fatiga visual en l'operari.
En les últimes dècades, gràcies al gran desenvolupament tecnològic que hi ha hagut, estem assistint a una sèrie d'avenços, molt ràpids i de gran abast, en el món dels processos d'automatització i control. A conseqüència d'això, cada vegada el procés de producció és més ràpid, el que requereix que el control de qualitat també ho sigui.
L'interès industrial en automatitzar les operacions d'inspecció és cada vegada més gran.
A tall d'exemple la fira tèxtil internacional que reuneix més interès i expectació a nivell mundial, ITMA-99, celebrada aquest any a París, mostrava en els seus stands diferents productes dedicats a l'automatització dels processos d'inspecció i control de qualitat.
Entre les ofertes d'aquesta fira cal citar una gran varietat d'instruments i dispositius: sensors òptics per inspeccionar la qualitat del fil en temps real en processos de filatura, espectrecolorímetres acoblats a l'estampadora i a la màquina de tintar per determinar amb més precisió el color, cameres lineals i cameres 2-D ultraràpides per detectar fils trencats en ordidors. En el camp del tissatge s'ha començat a veure en aquesta fira un sistema d'inspecció format per un conjunt (10 o 12) de cameres 2-D, situades damunt del teler, que detecta defectes locals que es poden produir en la roba durant el procés de producció. Des de la penúltima fira (ITMA-94) ha sigut novetat una màquina de repassar automàtica, on un sistema digital de processat format per 4 cameres i un potent ordinador, permet detectar una més ampla varietat de defectes locals i amb una velocitat nominal que pot arribar fins a 300 metres de roba per minut. Malgrat tot, les novetats aportades per la fira presenten grans limitacions: preu elevat, infrastructura complexa en la captació i processat de la imatge i, els resultats que s'obtenen només han estat validats per casos limitats (teixit de plana i d'un sol color). A més, si es té en compte que molts processos de producció són de tirada curta, canviant constantment el tipus d'article del teler, es necessita un sistema que sigui robust i versàtil, capaç de treballar amb diferents lligaments i colors i que el seu cost sigui més baix que el dels productes actuals.
Revisant la última dècada, la més rellevant en el desenvolupament d'aquestes tecnologies, s'observa un clar increment en l'aplicació de tècniques de processat digital de la imatge a l'anàlisi de mostres texturades [Brzakovic-1992]. En el cas de la inspecció de materials tèxtils Chetverikov [Chetverikov-1988] desenvolupà un procés d'inspecció automàtica en teixits tèxtils que combina l'anàlisi de textures i la segmentació d'imatges. Neubauer [Neubauer-1992] segmentà defectes en mostres reals amb l'ajut d'una camera lineal i una xarxa neuronal. Siew et al. [Siew-1988] mesuraren les característiques texturals en catifes a partir d'estadístiques de primer i segon ordre aplicades als nivells de grisos de la imatge. Zhang i Bresse [Zhang-1995] detectaren i classificaren nusos, carreres i trencades mitjançant l'autocorrelació i operacions de morfologia matemàtica. Tsai et al. [Tsai-1995] detectaren i classificaren exactament quatre classes de defectes en teixits tèxtils utilitzant matrius de co-ocurrència i xarxes neuronals. Xu [Xu-1997] mesurà la rugositat en les superfícies de catifes a partir de la dimensió fractal de la imatge. Mitjançant tècniques combinades de filtrat Gaussià, umbralització, equalització de l'histograma i autocorrelació Kang et al. [Kang-1999] determinaren densitats lineals de fils en els direccions de trama i ordit per teixits de plana.
La inspecció de materials texturats quasiperiòdics i, en particular els tèxtils, mitjançant tècniques de processat òptic-digital de la imatge és un camp d'investigació relativament poc treballat i que presenta un interès renovat. En aquest apartat es troben poques contribucions entre les que cal destacar Kang et al. [Kang-1999] que trobaven directament, a partir de la llum transmesa pel teixit, el punt de creuament dels fils en teixits de plana i Ciamberlini [Ciamberlini-1996] que operava amb la TF òptica de la llum transmesa pel teixit.
Les eines que actualment estan al mercat són insuficients i es centren principalment en la resolució d'un aspecte: la detecció de defectes locals. En la literatura no és troben plantejaments generals que abastin des de models i procediments per caracteritzar les estructures fins a mecanismes que determinin la seva evolució o resistència davant d'agressions, la detecció de defectes globals en l'estructura i la detecció de defectes locals. Creiem que aquest plantejament general, que pot ser vàlid per a una gran varietat de materials, és també necessari. En aquest treball s'han aplicat, principalment a materials tèxtils, un conjunt d'eines inspirades en aquest plantejament.
Pérez, Cabré Elisabet. "Reconeixement òptic de patrons amb discriminació variable per mitjà de la correlació no-lineal dual. Aplicació al reconeixement d'objectes en color." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6747.
Full textEn aquest treball, hem proposat un sistema de reconeixement basat en la correlació òptica que té, com a característica més destacada, la capacitat de discriminació variable en funció dels requeriments del problema plantejat. Sense necessitat de modificar el dispositiu optoelectrònic i variant de manera senzilla els valors d'uns paràmetres inclosos en el processament digital intermedi, s'aconsegueixen reproduir diferents mètodes de correlació, lineals i no-lineals convencionals, d'altres intermedis, i també permet, dins el mateix model, nous processaments de la informació. D'aquesta manera, s'obté un sistema molt versàtil, en què és possible controlar graus de tolerància diferents en funció de vàries característiques dels objectes.
Per a l'obtenció del sistema de reconeixement òptic amb capacitat de discriminació variable, hem emprat la correlació no-lineal dual (DNC) com a mètode de processament base del nostre sistema. Les operacions lineals i no-lineals aplicades independentment sobre l'escena a analitzar i l'objecte de referència, poden ser modificades de manera contínua variant uns paràmetres reals, L i M, inclosos en un processament digital intermedi. També s'ha introduït una funció que delimita, en el domini de freqüències, la regió de suport sobre la qual s'aplica la no-linealitat. L'arquitectura sobre la que es realitza la DNC, és el correlador de transformades conjuntes (JTC), que presenta l'avantatge de no requerir filtres adaptats a l'objecte a reconèixer.
S'han proposat simplificacions en quant al dispositiu i a l'algorisme que faciliten la realització experimental de la DNC i en redueixen el temps de computació. S'han estudiat els efectes d'algunes limitacions experimentals del sistema. S'ha estudiat el control de la capacitat de discriminació variable del sistema DNC davant de modificacions en la forma, en la intensitat, en la textura i en el color dels objectes. S'ha portat a terme experimentalment el sistema de reconeixement DNC i s'han obtingut resultats que demostren la possibilitat d'obtenir realment una capacitat de discriminació variable del sistema davant de canvis de forma i d'intensitat dels objectes.
En la línia d'adaptar la capacitat de discriminació a les necessitats del problema de reconeixement plantejat, incloem el cas on la discriminació dels objectes requereix diferenciar colors similars, pertanyents a una mateixa gamma de tonalitat. En aquest sentit, hem proposat un mètode de descomposició multicanal de la informació cromàtica de l'escena a analitzar i de l'objecte a reconèixer, que cal aplicar prèviament a la correlació òptica. La descomposició multicanal es fa mitjançant una selecció de canals quasimonocromàtics que s'adapta la gamma de tonalitat dels colors implicats.
S'ha realitzat experimentalment la descomposició cromàtica proposada, i mitjançant un correlador convergent s'ha implementat experimentalment un correlador multicanal amb una capacitat de discriminació alta davant d'objectes en color de tonalitat propera dins una mateixa gamma. Els resultats experimentals demostren la millora en quant a discriminació de la descomposició adaptada en canals quasimonocromàtics, davant l'ús de la descomposició convencional RGB.
Ambdues propostes, la descomposició cromàtica multicanal en canals quasimonocromàtics seleccionats i la DNC, s'han estudiat separadament. No obstant això, també s'ha proposat la seva aplicació conjunta en els casos on els requeriments de discriminació cromàtica són elevats i, a l'hora, es permet un cert grau de tolerància respecte a un altre aspecte de l'objecte, com per exemple, la seva forma.
Els resultats de la tesi, que hem presentat de manera resumida, poden tenir un major impacte o aplicació en els sistemes automàtics de visió artificial i en robòtica. Pel fet de tractar-se d'un sistema amb capacitat de discriminació variable segons diferents característiques de l'objecte a detectar (forma, intensitat, textura, color, ...), les propostes d'aquest treball es dirigeixen als sistemes de detecció i inspecció que requereixen una capacitat de discriminació variable de manera controlada en els diferents aspectes comentats. La introducció de la informació del color, i més concretament la proposta de la descomposició adaptada de la informació cromàtica en canals quasimonocromàtics, va especialment dirigida als sistemes de detecció i inspecció que requereixin una capacitat de discriminació en color elevada, i unida a la capacitat de discriminació respecte a la forma.
Ferri, Vidal Antoni. "Estructuras de Dependencia aplicadas a la Gestión de Riesgos en Solvencia II." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97091.
Full textThe publication in the Official Journal of the European Union of the European Parliament and Council of 25 November 2009 Directive on the taking up and pursuit of the business of insurance and reinsurance, also known as Solvency II, 2009/138/EC, marks the official starting point in the implementation of legislative measures of risk management in insurance. While, prior, and there was another regulation, Solvency II has been a legislative change on the approach that insurers must hold in relation to the risks they face as a result of their activity. Solvency II establishes a common legal framework to apply over those insurers based in any of the member states of the European Union to access and exercise the insurance and reinsurance business. The Directive is structured on the three pillars principle. These pillars set the criteria and standards of quantitative and qualitative requirements that entities must undertake to ensure their solvency and financial stability. Pillar I set rules that determine the criteria for obtaining capital requirements that an entity must maintain over an annual time horizon, commensurate to the risk assumed by the entity, to ensure an acceptable level of solvency through the market consistent economic valuation of the balance sheet of an entity. Pillar I is aimed to determine the minimum financial requirements to ensure that the assets are sufficient in quantity and quality, to meet the liabilities under a certain time horizon. To do this, the assessment under Pillar I balance must be performed according to market criteria, i.e. both the valuation of assets and liabilities of the entity must be consistent with that which would result from the interaction of free market agents. On the one hand, the balance sheet is determined by the market value of the investments made by the entity. For those assets that by their illiquid nature, or for any other reason, there is no market value, the Directive introduces valuation standards. The valuation of the liabilities presents difficulties inherent in the insurance business as for example to determine the economic value of the contract obligations insured by entities. These have usually an uncertain amount as well as uncertain in the time of liquidation. Also, Pillar I determines the composition of the entities’ own funds, i.e., the asset structure that supports that part of the balance, in addition to the financial amounts (capital requirements) of legal character Directive establishes. Pillar I consider separately different levels of protection. The first level would be constituted by the market valuation of technical provisions, which should reflect an estimate consistent with the level of liabilities and risk margin. The second level would be determined by Pillar I solvency requirements. These requirements should reflect the risk and ensure the solvency of institutions. The Directive sets a minimum threshold of economic requirements under which the entity could not continue their business. Financial requirements of the first level of protection should reflect the obligations of the entity through insurance contracts undersigned. This capital is reflected in the valuation of technical provisions. The valuation of technical provisions for solvency II, must represent, on the one hand, the present value of the best estimate of future economic flows arising from contractual obligations (best estimate) and secondly, a risk margin (risk margin) to reflect the amount that an entity would have to pay to transfer the obligations arising from insurance contracts, net of the present value of the best estimate of future economic flows arising from obligations. Moreover, the objective of the economic requirements of the second level of protection is to cover any unexpected losses that an entity may suffer as a result of adverse unexpected fluctuations in claims. This part of the capital requirements directive is known as the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR). As mentioned, the SCR has a lower bound determined by a threshold called Minimum Capital Solvency Requirement (MSCR), below which an entity could not continue operating. The Directive states that the SCR should be obtained by a model that reflects the risk profile of the entity, and that is appropriate based on the nature, scale and complexity of the risks assumed by the company. The model proposed by the regulator is called in the Directive as General Formula to calculate the Solvency Capital Requirement. Under Article 110 of the Directive, the Standard Model can be used by institutions using the parameters set in the Directive as market proxy, or can be adapted to the risk profile of each institution itself by estimating new parameters based on specific historical experience of the entity. There may be several reasons to make an insurer decides to estimate new parameters. One possible reason may arise from the overestimation of the proxys, which would lead to an SCR greater than that obtained with the use of specific parameters. Moreover, another reason for the estimation of the parameters could be determined by the fact that the structure of business of an insurance company does not adapt to that proposed by the regulator. The Directive also provides that under the competent authority’s previous approval, the SCR can be obtained using an internal model. This model cannot account for all or part of the risks facing the entity. In the latter case, the model is referred to in Directive as partial internal model. The requirements to be met by an internal model are related to implementation and monitoring standards, so those entities that choose to use an internal model, total or partial, for the calculation of the solvency capital requirements must justify their use. The Standard Model is a set of formulas and methodologies proposed by the regulator with which the insurer can get the amount corresponding to the SCR. An internal model is a procedure offered by the insurer that has the same objective and purposes than the Standard Model, i.e., obtaining capital requirements using a model that reflects the risk profile of the entity. The SCR, obtained with any of the models permitted by the regulator, must be calibrated in such a way that corresponds to the value at risk (VaR) of the entity’s own funds, at a one year horizon, calculated at a 99,5% confidence level. Pillar II describes the qualitative requirements that entities must comply and which result in those formal procedures and communication to the regulator. Pillar II of the Directive concerns those aspects relating the procedures of supervision and control by the regulator. Solvency II is defined as a policy of harmonization for entities operating in the states member of the European Union, so it is necessary that the quantitative aspects are accompanied by other qualitative aspects that achieve homogeneity of appropriate methods and monitoring and control tools to be used by local regulators of different States Member. These requirements also include the obligation for any entity to control risk management model, both quantifiable and non-quantifiable. This management model is known as Own Risk Solvency Assessment (ORSA). The ORSA is a communication tool that should serve two purposes. The first one should be used as an aid in the process of strategic decision making, therefore must be reviewed continuously when the risk profile of the entity changes significantly, incorporating strategic decisions. The second purpose must serve as a regulator tool of communication. The ORSA must project requirements in future years and justify deviations between projected and present requirements, whatever the model used for this aim. Thus, the model ORSA should be a calibration tool whatever the model chosen to estimate the SCR. Finally, Pillar III represents those measures intended to ensure the transparency and discipline in the insurance market, through a set of rules for communication of information on the financial position and solvency of financial institutions facing the local regulator, and the rules of communication and transparency of local regulators facing the European regulator. Pillar III sets the action to be taken by the regulator and the entities in the case of misalignments in fulfilling the requirements of the valuation rules of Pillar I and / or the requirements of Pillar II. Thus, the European regulator empowers local regulators to take action to ensure the standards imposed under Pillar I and II, and is authorized to take action on states that fail to comply with the requirements of Directive Communication and transparency.
Vilaplana, Polo Marc. "El paper de la cadena lateral en les relacions estructura-activitat dels brassinoesteroides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9309.
Full text1. Estudiar les cadenes laterals d'anàlegs BRs androstànics: Basant-se en l'aproximació a l'anàleg actiu (AAA) prenent com a referència l'estructura de la brassinolida, s'ha vist que els anàlegs α-hidroxiester i α-aminoester són computacionalment bons candidats per presentar activitat brassinoesteroide. Un cop sintetitzats (en una tesi paral·lela), tres anàlegs amb la funcionalitat lliure han donat inactius mentre que quatre anàlegs amb la funcionalitat protegida han donat actius o moderadament actius. Basant-se novament en l'AAA, no ha estat possible explicar computacionalment i de forma inequívoca l'activitat i/o inactivitat d'aquests anàlegs.
2. Revisar i redefinir la conformació activa dels BRs: S'ha conclòs que la conformació activa in silico és l'anomenada HIP. Aquesta és la que explica amb més coherència la distribució tridimensional tan dels hidroxils com de l'extrem final de la cadena lateral de cara a explicar la unió de les cinc cadenes laterals tipus dels BRs amb el receptor. La raó per la qual s'han trobat diverses conformacions actives es troba en l'anàlisi conformacional dels BRs i no pas en els processos de selecció de la conformació activa.
3. Estudiar la influència de la conformació activa dels BRs sobre els models de QSAR: Conformacions actives estructuralment diferents han donat lloc a models quantitati-vament similars, però qualitativament diferents. Quantitativament similars perquè les parts dels BRs que correlacionen amb l'activitat són les mateixes. Qualitativament diferents perquè la contribució a l'activitat d'aquestes parts, especialment de cadena lateral, i la variació de la predictibilitat en funció de l'estructura són diferents en cada cas.
Els models reduïts i el model HOMO han posat de manifest que no es pot extreure més informació dels models degut als desequilibris estructurals del conjunt de BRs que formen part del data set.
El model a 1 μg/planta explica els requeriments estructurals que fan que un BR sigui actiu o inactiu. El model HIP explica els requeriments estructurals que determinen el grau d'activitat dels BRs actius.
Fora de l'objectiu principal, però íntimament relacionat amb els estudis de QSAR s'ha volgut:
4. Determinar l'error experimental de la resposta i de les dades d'activitat: Comparant-los amb els errors dels models, s'observa que el model a 1 μg/planta està força ben ajustat i no té gaire marge de millora. En canvi, que el model HIP pot millorar considerablement sobretot en la predictibilitat, sempre i quan s'arreglin els desequilibris estructurals.
D'altre banda, s'ha vist que els diferents tractaments estadístics realitzats en el bioassaig no afecten significativament al valor d'activitat.
Esta Tesis es una continuación de los estudios iniciados por el equipo en el campo de las relaciones estructura-actividad (SAR y QSAR) de los brasinoesteroides (BRs) mediante métodos computacionales. El objetivo general es centrar la atención en la cadena lateral, ya que la influencia de los hidroxilos dependía del tipo de estudio (cuantitativo o cualitativo) y la influencia del extremo final de la cadena lateral era muy genérica. El desarrollo de este objetivo principal ha llevado a:
1. Estudiar las cadenas laterales de los análogos BRs androstánicos: Basándose en la apro-ximación al análogo activo tomando como referencia la estructura de la brasinolida, se ha observado que los análogos α-hidroxiester i α-aminoester son computacionalmente buenos candidatos para presentar actividad brassinoesteroide. Una vez sintetizados (en una tesis paralela), tres análogos con la funcionalidad libre han resultado inactivos mientras que cuatro análogos con la funcionalidad protegida han resultado activos o moderadamente activos. Basándose nuevamente en la AAA, no ha sido posible explicar computacionalmente y de forma inequívoca la actividad o inactividad de estos análogos.
2. Revisar y redefinir la conformación activa de los BRs: Se ha llegado a la conclusión que la conformación activa in silico es la llamada HIP. Esta es la que explica con más coherencia la distribución tridimensional tanto de los hidroxilos como del extremo final de la cadena lateral a fin de explicar la unión de las cinco cadenas laterales tipo de los BRs con el receptor. La razón por la cual se han encontrado diversas conformaciones activas se encuentra en el análisis conformacional y no en los procesos de selección de la conformación activa.
3. Estudiar la influencia de la conformación activa de los BRs en los modelos de QSAR: Conformaciones activas estructuralmente diferentes han dado lugar a modelos cuantita-tivamente similares, pero cualitativamente diferentes. Cuantitativamente similares porque las partes de los BRs que correlacionan con la actividad son las mismas. Cualitativamente diferentes porque la contribución a la actividad de dichas partes, especialmente de la cadena lateral, y la variación de la predictibilidad en función de la estructura son diferentes en cada caso.
Los modelos reducidos y el modelo HOMO han puesto de manifiesto que no se puede extraer más información de los modelos debido a los desequilibrios estructurales del conjunto de BRs que conforman el "data set".
El modelo a 1 μg/planta explica los requisitos estructurales que hacen que un BR sea activo o inactivo. El modelo HIP explica los requisitos estructurales que determinan el grado de actividad de los BRs activos.
Fuera del objetivo principal, pero íntimamente relacionado con los estudios de QSAR se ha querido:
4. Determinar el error experimental de la respuesta y de los datos de actividad: Compa-rándolos con los errores de los modelos, se observa que el modelo a 1 μg/planta está bastante bien ajustado y tiene poco margen de mejora. En cambio, el modelo HIP puede mejorar considerablemente sobretodo en la predictibilidad, siempre y cuando se solucionen los desequilibrios estructurales.
Por otro lado, se ha observado que los diferentes tratamientos estadísticos realizados en el bioensayo no afectan significativamente al valor de actividad.
This Thesis is the continuation of the studies started by our laboratory in the field of brassinosteroids (BRs) structure activity relationships (SAR and QSAR) using computational methods. The main aim is to focus the study on the side chain, due to the influence of hydroxyl groups depends on the study (quantitative or qualitative) and the influence of the side chain end is very generic. The development of this goal has leaded to:
1. Study the side chain of androstanic BRs analogues: Based on active analogue approach (AAA) taking brassinolide as the reference structure, it has been shown that α-hydroxyester and α-aminoester analogues are computationally good candidates to elicit brassinosteroid activity. Once synthesized (in a parallel thesis), three analogues with free functionality have result inactive but four analogues with protected functionality have result active or mild active. Based once again on AAA it has not been possible explain computationally and unequivocally the activity and/or inactivity of these analogues.
2. Revise and redefine the active conformation of BRs: It has been concluded that in silico active conformation is the named as HIP. This explains more consistently the tridimensional distribution of both the hydroxyls and the end of the side chain in order to explain the union of the five side chain types with BRs receptor. The reason for having found several active conformations is in BRs conformational analysis not in the active conformation selection procedures.
3. Study the influence of BRs active conformation in QSAR models: Active conformations structurally different has lead to models which are quantitatively similar but qualitatively different. Quantitatively similar due to the parts of BRs that correlate with activity are the same. Qualitatively different due to this parts contribution, especially the side chain, and the structure depending variation of predictability are different on each model.
Reduced models and HOMO model has shown that get more information from the models is not possible due to a structural imbalance in BRs data set.
The 1 μg/plant model explains the structural requirements that make BRs active or inactive. The HIP model explains the structural requirements that determine the activity degree of active BRs.
Out of the main aim, but close related to QSAR studies I wanted to:
4. Determine the experimental error of both the response and the activity data: Compared with models error, it is observed that the 1 μg/plant model is really well adjusted and has little improvement margin, but the HIP model can be considerably improved, overall in predictability. On the other hand, it has been shown that the different statistical treatments done in bioassay do not affect in a significant way the activity value.
Olabe, Goxencia Iker. "Técnicas de grabación de música clásica. Evolución histórica y propuesta de nuevo modelo de grabación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/362938.
Full textIntroducció: La tesi proposa un nou model de gravació de música clàssica a partir de la comparació amb altres existents. Existeixen diverses tècniques d'enregistrament estereofòniques per als enregistraments de música clàssica. Les que s’empren més sovint són XY, ORTF, DECCA i AB. El tipus d'obra musical, grup instrumental, sala i els gustos i exigències del possible públic consumidor marquen l'elecció del model d'enregistrament que cal utilitzar. Cada tècnica té unes peculiaritats que ressalten diferents aspectes estètics. En l'última dècada s'han desenvolupat noves tècniques d'enregistrament preparades per a la reproducció multicanal envolupant (surround 5.1) encara que al cap i a la fi la major part dels usuaris empra sistemes de reproducció estèreo, per la qual cosa la seva utilitat és relativa. Els enregistraments musicals poden ser analitzats amb models matemàtics i mitjançant informació subjectiva psicoacústica depenent de l'oïdor. Els models matemàtics inclouen l'anàlisi de la correlació de senyals estèreo en funció de la freqüència (FDSC). Contingut de la investigació: Per dur a terme aquest estudi es va gravar una orquestra simfònica mitjançant les quatre diferents tècniques estereofòniques esmentades anteriorment (XY, ORTF, DECCA i AB). Es van obtenir quatre mostres estereofòniques d'aquesta sessió d'enregistrament per al seu estudi de correlació matemàtica i psicoacústica, en condicions controlades de reproducció amb 20 oïdores. Els resultats psicoacústics i matemàtics van llançar un conjunt de resultats que es van analitzar per extreure conclusions que es van emprar per al desenvolupament d'una nova disposició de microfonia. Finalment es va estudiar i va comparar dita nova model d'enregistrament amb els models ja coneguts i universalment acceptats (XY, ORTF, DECCA i AB). Es van desenvolupar noves conclusions amb les possibles aplicacions del nou sistema d'enregistrament DHAB. Conclusió: El nou model de gravació proposat ofereix una alternativa als models de gravació ja coneguts mantenint els valors de correlació matemàtica depenent de la freqüència ( FDSC ) i preservant els resultats dels atributs psicoacústics de l'escala de Berg & Rumsey amb la diferència que millora significativament els dos atributs de localització . Probablement sigui una bona opció per a alguns tipus de gravació de música clàssica on la localització espacial sigui d'importància .
Introduction: This thesis proposes a new technique for classical music recording from the comparison with other existing models. The most commonly used are: XY, ORTF, DECCA and AB. Parameters such as the type of musical composition, instrumental group, venue and the tastes of the potential audience will be considered to mark the choice of the model to use for a recording. Each technique has it´s peculiarities that will highlight different aesthetic aspects. During the last decade new recording techniques have been developed for multi-channel surround sound playback (surround 5.1). The reach of surround sound to our homes has been relatively low, the trend still nowadays is to find most home music systems to be stereo. Musical recordings can be analyzed with mathematical models and with the use of subjective information psychoacoustics dependent of the listener. Mathematical models include the analysis of the correlation over frequency of stereo signals (FDSC - Frequency dependent signal correlation). Content: For the purpose of this study, a symphony orchestra was recorded through the four different stereo techniques mentioned above (XY, ORTF, DECCA and AB) . Four samples were obtained from this stereo recording session. Mathematical correlation and psychoacoustics analysis were done with these samples in controlled conditions of reproduction with 20 listeners. The psychoacoustic and mathematical results yielded a set of results that were analyzed, the conclusions obtained were applied for the development of a stereo microphone main system. Finally the new stereo system was studied and compared with the well known techniques analyzed ealier (XY, ORTF, DECCA and AB). New findings were identified as well as possible applications for the new stereo microphone main recording system DHAB. Conclusions: The new recording technique proposed offers an alternative to models already known keeping the values of mathematical frequency dependant signal correlation (FDSC) and preserving the results of the psychoacoustic attributes scale Berg & Rumsey with a significant improval of both localization attributes . This technique will probably become a good option for some types of classical recording where spatial localization is important .
Viñas, Jornet Marina. "Identificació de variants en nombre de còpies i correlació clínica en una població adulta amb discapacitat intel·lectual i trastorns psiquiàtrics i/o conductuals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/369041.
Full textABSTRACT The human genome contains nearly 3 billion base pairs that include around 20.000-25.000 genes. There are two sources of genetic variation among individuals: single nucleotide variants and structural variants. The improvement of molecular technologies has revealed a large amount of copy number variants (CNVs), which represents dose changes (gains and losses) in about 4,8%-9,5% of the genome. The CNVs contribute to the gene expression, protein structure and chromosome stability even if they are found in healthy people. Consequently, there has been a significant increase in the interest to understand the role of CNVs in diseases, such as intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. Intellectual disability affects between 1¬3% of human population. With improvement in paediatric care, patients are most likely to survive into adulthood, in which is revealed a high incidence of psychiatric and behaviouraldisorders associated. In order to identify the genetic aetiology of dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychiatric and/or behavioural disorders in a cohort of 100 adults and to identify CNVs of disease susceptibility, a sequential genetic test workflow was performed. Firstly, G-banded karyotype, Fragile X syndrome screening and specific molecular technologies targeted to confirm a clinical suspicious of a syndrome were applied. In those negative cases, subtelomeric region screening by multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification and then a whole genome screening by high resolution (400k) comparative genomic hybridization array (CGHa) were performed. A high genetic diagnosis frequency (38%) has established in the adult cohort with dual diagnosis. The co-morbidity of a second psychiatric disorder increases the likelihood of genetic cause. The CNV characterization has identified candidate genes for intellectual disability and psychiatric disorder, mostly involved in the early stages of development, high expression in nervous system and synaptic localization. Some genes identified are involved in glutamatergic and ubiquitin pathways or in oxidative status. The assessment of the intellectual disability degree, psychiatric/behavioural disorders and dismorphology allowed us to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. It has been identified CNVs associated with dual diagnosis in 19% of cases and CNVs in candidate regions: dup3q29 (FBXO45, PAK2) del7q31.1 (IMMP2L) del8p23.1 (MSRA) del8q21.13 (STMN2) dup9p24.2p24.1 (SLC1A1) del10q21.3 (CTNNA3) dup15q14q15.1 (SPRED1) del15q26.2 (MCTP2) dup17q24.1q24.2 (PRKCA). The 2p16.3 deletion is an intellectual disability and a psychiatric disorder risk factor with variable expressivity. For the first time, it has been described a common dysmorphic phenotype on those patients affected by a 2p16.3 deletion in addition to a common cognitive and psychiatric profile with different levels of severity among all carriers. Studies in an adult population provide numerous advantages in both patients and family members. Genetic diagnosis allows to adequate the prognosis, monitoring, treatment and genetic counselling. Moreover, the knowledge obtained in adult patients with psychiatric disorders can be useful for children affected by intellectual disability. The early diagnosis promotes prevention through monitoring and specific treatments.
Sesé, i. Castel Gemma. "Simulació per dinàmica de Langevin generalitzada en sistemes de partícules interactives." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1795.
Full textEls mètodes estocàstics es basen en la resolució de les Equacions de Langevin. Si en un sistema tenim dos tipus de partícules, als quals corresponen dues escales de temps molt diferenciades, la dinàmica de les partícules més lentes podrà descriure's satisfactòriament per Equacions de Langevin sense memòria. Les partícules simulades són partícules Brownianes i les simulacions així obtingudes seran de Dinàmica Browniana. Els sistemes de partícules col·loïdals en dissolució són especialment adequats per aquest tipus de tractament. Ara bé, si les partícules en les quals se centra el nostre interès no poden considerar-se Brownianes, caldrà que el seu moviment es calculi mitjançant la resolució d'equacions de Langevin Generalitzades (ELG). Aquest mètode de simulació s'anomena Dinàmica de Langevin Generalitzada (DLG), que està especialment indicat pels casos en què les partícules omeses tenen similars característiques, pel que fa a llur massa i tamany, a les que simularem d'una forma explícita. Per exemple, els sistemes formats per electròlits en dissolució haurien de ser simulats per DLG. Fins i tot en el domini de les macromolècules, si aquestes volen tractar-se àtom a àtom, pot ser necessària la consideració d'aquest mètode.
Aquest treball s'ha centrat en l'estudi de la DLG. S'hi ha considerat que cada partícula evoluciona segons una Equació de Langevin Generlitzada (ELG) (Ciccotti et al., 1981). En aquesta equació la part del sistema que s'omet a la simulació es té en compte mitjançant una força de fricció que depèn d'una funció memòria i una força estocàstica. L'equació inclou també la força causada per la interacció amb les altres partícules explícitament considerades, i que també ha de veure's afectada per la resta del sistema.
Donat que l'ELG és una equació de caràcter fenomenològic, resulta interessant efectuar un test d'aquest mètode de simulació, ja iniciat en anteriors treballs. En aquesta tesi s'ha incidit especialment en l'anàlisi de les propietats temporals i espai-temporals. L'estudi s'ha efectuat sobre sistemes simples, com per exemple els constituïts per àtoms de Kriptó o d'Argó, ja que requereixen potencials de curt abast i, per tant, simulacions relativament poc costoses.
Per tal que les partícules simulades presentin un comportament el més semblant possible al que tindrien en el sistema total, cal escollir amb certa cura les diferents funcions que apareixen al segon membre de l'ELG. Per a això, s'ha de tenir en compte que les interaccions entre les partícules es realitzen en un "medi" no considerat explícitament, però que les influencia. És per això que aquestes interaccions es calcularan a partir d'un potencial de força mitjana que anomenarem efectiu (Guàrdia et al., 1987) i que depèn de la concentració de partícules de solut. També en dependrà la funció memòria, present a l'ELG. En aquest treball hem proposat un mètode per a calcular aquestes funcions, que anomenarem funcions memòria efectives (Padró et al, 1998).
En l'obtenció dels potencials de força mitjana i de les funcions memòria efectives hem partit, respectivament, de la funció de distribució radial (g(r)) i de la funció d'autocorrelació de velocitats (C(t)) corresponents a les partícules simulades. Hem calculat aquestes funcions a partir dels resultats de les simulacions dels sistemes complets realitzades per DM. Hem comprovat que, almenys per a sistemes simples, aquestes funcions existeixen i permeten una correcta reproducció tant de l'estructura com de la dinàmica dels sistemes estudiats. Per a això hem analitzat funcions de correlació que es refereixen al comportament de cada partícula i són la g(r), la C(t), i també la funció desplaçament quadràtic mitjà i el coeficient d'autodifusió (Hansen et al., 1986).
Paral·lelament, aquest estudi ens ha portat a analitzar les equacions de Langevin, tot avaluant les forces estocàstiques que hi apareixen. En aquestes equacions, la força total que actua sobre una partícula se separa en dues parts: un terme de fricció i un terme estocàstic. Aquesta separació és purament teòrica, cosa que provoca que les forces estocàstiques no siguin mesurables experimentalment, i que només puguin caracteritzar-se mitjançant la simulació, que en aquesta ocasió serà utilitzada com a eina per a l'anàlisi de la validesa d'hipòtesis i propietats teòriques.
Aquestes forces estocàstiques s'han calculat en simulacions de DM, i s'ha comprovat que satisfan totes les propietats que els són característiques des d'un punt de vista teòric (Sesé et al., 1990). Donat que les funcions memòria efectives s'utilitzen en aquests càlculs, els resultats obtinguts constitueixen una prova més de la bondat d'aquestes funcions.
D'altra banda, la distribució estadística que segueixen les forces estocàstiques presenta algunes diferències quantitatives respecte a una distribució Gaussiana. Ara bé, tot i que en les nostres simulacions per DLG es parteix d'una distribució d'aquest tipus no s'ha detecta cap problema que pugi associar-se a la no Gaussianitat d'aquestes forces.
També s'ha calculat la funció d'autocorrelació de les forces estocàstiques sobre una partícula de massa infinita i s'ha comparat amb la mateixa funció corresponent a la partícula en moviment. S'ha comprovat que aquestes funcions presenten algunes diferències i que, tot i que per ions en aigua aquestes diferències són gairebé negligibles, cal anar en compte a l'hora d'extendre la hipòtesis de la seva igualtat a tot tipus de sistemes.
I, finalment, coneguts els potencials de força mitjana i les funcions memòria efectives, hem realitzat un test més ampli de la DLG. Ja que aquesta tècnica es presenta en tant que mètode simplificador de la DM, el test consistirà en comparar els resultats obtinguts per ambdós mètodes, de manera que les evolucions obtingudes per DM es consideraran exactes. S'ha comprovat que els resultats de la DLG per altres funcions de correlació microscòpiques, com les funcions de Van Hove, estan en concordància amb els obtinguts per DM. Ara bé, s'ha constatat l'existència de serioses discrepàncies en les funcions de correlació creuades de velocitats corresponents a partícules diferents. Això és natural ja que es tracta d'una propietat col·lectiva que depèn en gran mesura dels efectes dels fluxes de dissolvent induïts per les mateixes partícules de solut, és a dir, de les interaccions hidrodinàmiques, negligides en els simulacions realitzades per DLG.
BIBLIOGRAFIA:
ALLEN M.P. and TILDESLEY D.J., 1987, Computer simulation of liquids. Claredon Press-Oxford
CICCOTTI G. and RYCKAERT J.P., 1981, J. Stat. Phys. 26, 73.
GUÀRDIA E., GÓMEZ-ESTÉVEZ J.L. and PADRÓ J.A., 1987, J.Chem.Phys. 86, 6438.
HANSEN J.P. and MC DONALD I.R., 1986, Theory of simple liquids. Academic Press.
PADRÓ J.A., GUÀRDIA E. and SESÉ G., 1988, Molec. Phys. 63, 355.
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Generalized Langevin Dynamics (GLD) is a stochastic simulation method that allows to perform the study of subsystems made up of non-Brownian particles (solute), i.e., whose masses and sizes are similar to the ones of the particles of the rest (solvent). The method requires the numerical resolution of a Generalized Langevin Equation (GLE) for every solute particle. The suitability of the GLD method for a realistic description of a system of interacting particles in solution is discussed. Our study has been focused on the dynamical properties of the solute in dense liquid mixtures. To begin with this study, a procedure for obtaining effective memory functions which include the average effects of the indirect solute-solvent-solute interactions is proposed. Using those effective memory functions, the random and frictional forces on the atoms of the solute, which include the effect of their collisions with the solvent, are calculated from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
Moreover, the validity of the usual assumptions on the statistical properties of the random forces is carefully analysed. MD simulations of realistic dense liquids have been used to characterize the random forces which appear when the GLD is used for the description of the atomic motions. Our results show that the distribution of frequencies of the random forces ressembles the ordinarily assumed Gaussian distribution, but some discrepancies appear when quantitative analyses are performed. In addition, the properties of such forces, generated from MD simulations using the GLE, are the ones ordinarily required for the random ones.
Finally, the GLD method has been tested against the MD simulation of the complete system. It has been proved that computer simulations based on the GLE and assuming a Gaussian distribution for the random forces permit quite good reproductions of the analysed structural and dynamical properties of the solute (radial distribution functions, velocity autocorrelation functions, diffusion coefficients, Van Hove functions .), provided that effective mean force potentials and effective memory functions are used. As the hydrodynamic interactions have been neglected in our study, the disagreements for the collective properties are important.
Català, i. Temprano Albert. "Caracterització de les alteracions moleculars de FLT3 en pacients pediàtrics afectes de leucèmia aguda. Correlació amb l’activitat i expressió dels transportadors de fàrmacs derivats de nucleòsids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403756.
Full textFLT3 abnormalities are negative prognostic markers in acute leukemia. Infant leukemias are a subgroup with frequent MLL (KMT2A) rearrangements, FLT3 overexpression and high sensitivity to cytarabine, but dismal prognosis. Cytarabine is transported into cells by Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter-1 (hENT1, SLC29A1), but the mechanisms that regulate hENT1 in acute leukemia have been scarcely studied. We explored the expression and functional link between FLT3 and main cytarabine transporters in 50 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and MLL rearrangement (ALL-MLL+) and other subtypes of leukemia, and in leukemia cell lines. A significant positive correlation was found between FLT3 and hENT1 expression in patients. Cytarabine uptake into cells was mediated mainly by hENT1, hENT2 and hCNT1. hENT1-mediated uptake of cytarabine was transiently abolished by the FLT3 inhibitor PKC412, and this effect was associated with decreased hENT1 mRNA and protein levels. Noticeably, the cytotoxicity of cytarabine was lower when cells were first exposed to FLT3 inhibitors (PKC412 or AC220), probably due to decreased hENT1 activity, but we observed a higher cytotoxic effect if FLT3 inhibitors were administered after cytarabine. FLT3 regulates hENT1 activity and thereby affects cytarabine cytotoxicity. The sequence of administration of cytarabine and FLT3 inhibitors is important to maintain their efficacy.
Jiménez, Vidal Maite. "Transportadores heterométricos de aminoácidos: análisis mutacional de rBAT en cistinuria y estudios de relación estructura-función." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/978.
Full textSe han descrito dos HSHATs: rBAT, y 4F2hc. Son glicoproteínas de membrana de tipo II, con un extremo N-terminal intracelular, un único dominio trans-membrana y un extremo C-terminal extracelular homólogo a las alfa-amilasas.
Hasta el momento se han identificado 9 LSHATS: 6 se unen a 4F2hc para dar lugar al transportador funcional (LAT-1, LAT-2, y+LAT-1, y+LAT-2, asc-1, xCT), una se une a rBAT (bo,+ AT) y existen dos miembros "huérfanos" (asc-2, AGT-1), que no interaccionan con las HSHATs descritas y que quizás se unen a HSHATs todavía por identificar. Las diferentes LSHAT presentan las siguientes características estructurales y funcionales comunes:
1. Son proteínas altamente hidrofóbicas no glicosiladas.
2. Presentan una predicción de estructura de 12 segmentos trans-membrana, con extremos N y C-terminal intracelulares. Esta topología se ha demostrado para la subunidad ligera xCT, que presenta además un reentrant-loop entre los segmentos trans-membrana 2 y 3, con evidencias funcionales de su proximidad a la vía de translocación de sustrato.
3. El residuo de cisteína conservado que interviene en la formación del puente disulfuro se encuentra localizado en el dominio extracelular putativo II.
4. Necesitan la coexpresión de la HSHAT para alcanzar la membrana plasmática en un sistema de expresión heterólogo.
5. Confieren la especificidad de transporte al complejo heteromérico, representando una gran diversidad de sustratos y acoplamiento a iones: aminoácidos neutros de tamaño grande (LAT-1, LAT-2), pequeño (asc-1, LAT-2), cargados negativamente (xCT) y aminoácidos básicos y neutros (y+LAT-1, y+LAT-2 y bo,+AT).
6. Se comportan como intercambiadores obligatorios con una estequiometría 1:1 y con una afinidad intracelular aparente por el sustrato mucho menor que la extracelular, excepto para el caso asc-1/4F2hc, y quizás asc-2, que se comporta como un intercambiador no obligatorio.
7. La LSHAT es capaz de mediar el transporte en ausencia de la subunidad pesada cuando se consigue expresarla en superficie, como ocurre en un sistema reconstituido.
rBAT (codificada por el gen SLC3A1) y bo,+AT (codificada por el gen SLC7A9) forman el sistema bo,+, que transporta aminoácidos neutros y básicos. Defectos en este sistema de transporte causan cistinuria. La cistinuria (OMIM 220100) es una enfermedad hereditaria, autosómica recesiva, causada por el defecto en la absorción intestinal y la reabsorción renal de aminoácidos básicos (lisina, arginina, ornitina) y cistina. Debido a su baja solubilidad, la cistina precipita formando cálculos a lo largo del sistema urinario. Los cálculos causan obstrucción, infecciones y, en último término, insuficiencia renal. Mutaciones en SLC3A1 causan cistinuria tipo I (recesiva completa: los heterozigotos no presentan hiperexcreción de aminoácidos) y mutaciones en SLC7A9 causan cistinuria tipo no I (recesiva incompleta: los heterozigotos hiperexcretan los cuatro aminoácidos en menor medida que los homozigotos cistinúricos y raramente llegan a desarrollar cálculos).
En esta tesis se ha realizado un análisis mutacional de rBAT (SLC3A1) en familias cistinúricas, y estudios de relación estructura-función con las LSHATS bo,+AT y xCT. Debido al solapamiento de fenotipos encontrado en los portadores con mutaciones en SLC3A1 o SLC7A9, se ha establecido una nueva clasificación de la cistinuria, basada en datos genéticos. Los estudios de relación estructura-función han dado lugar a la identificación de un residuo en xCT (C327) próximo al lugar de unión y/o translocación de sustrato, y a la determinación de la unidad funcional mínima en xCT y bo,+AT, formada por una única subunidad ligera. Con estos resultados, y con los conocimientos que tenemos de esta familia de transportadores, proponemos que en una subunidad ligera coexisten dos vías de translocación asimétricas, una para el influjo, y otra para el eflujo.
Heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs) are composed by disulfide-linked heavy (HSHAT) and light (LSHAT) subunits. HSHATs are type II membrane glycoproteins with a large extracellular domain and are involved in trafficking of the heterodimer to the plasma membrane. The LSHAT is a polytopic membrane protein that confers transport function and specificity. Two HSHATs are known, rBAT and 4F2hc. rBAT forms system b0,+ with the light subunit b0,+AT. 4F2hc forms two different system L isoforms with LAT1 and LAT2, two different system y+L isoforms with y+LAT1 and y+LAT2, system asc with asc1, and system xC- with xCT.
Mutations in rBAT (SLC3A1 gene) or b0,+AT (SLC7A9 gene) cause cistinuria, an autosomal inherited metabolic disorder characterised by impaired transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the renal tubule and the gastrointestinal tract. High cystine concentration in the urinary tract often causes the formation of cystine stones. SLC3A1 mutations cause type I cystinuria (recessive form) and SLC7A9 mutations cause non-type I cistinuria (dominant form with incomplete penetrance). Mixed cistinuria has also been described. Mutational analysis in SLC3A1 realized in this thesis, together with mutational analysis in SLC7A9 in 164 families of the International Cystinuria Consortium database, established a new genetic classification: type A, with two mutations in SLC3A1; type B, with two mutations in SLC7A9; and type AB, with one mutation on each gene. Digenic inheritance in two mixed families caused partial phenotype.
Little is known about the structure-function relationships of the HATs. Structure-function studies realized in this thesis demonstrate that Cys327 in transmembrane domain 8 of xCT is the target for transport inactivation by sulfhydril reagents. Protection and kinetic experiments suggest that Cys327 is close to the substrate permeation pathway. On the other hand, co-injection of xCT or b0,+AT sensitive (wild type) and insensitive (xCT C327S and b0,+AT C321S) to the inactivation by sulfhydryl reagents, and/or the effect of these reagents on concatamers indicate that the heterodimer is the functional unit of systems b0,+ and xc-. Together, with earlier studies on system b0,+, the results suggest that two asymmetric translocation pathways (export and import) co-exist simultaneously on a single LSHAT subunit.
Borràs, Agustí Nina. "Aplicació de les noves tecnologies de seqüenciació massiva al diagnòstic molecular de la malaltia de von Willebrand. Estudi de grans cohorts i anàlisi de la correlació genotip-fenotip." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667147.
Full textVon Willebrand's disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF). There are three major categories: type 1 resulting from a partial reduction of the VWF, VWD type 3 resulting from a complete or near complete absence of this factor and VWD type 2 characterized by qualitative deficiency. Currently, the diagnosis of this pathology is based on clinical and phenotypic information. The molecular diagnosis of VWD has been considered as a second line test due to the high cost to perform the molecular analysis of the VWF gene (VWF) by Sanger. Recently, the advances in high throughput sequencing methologies (NGS) have promoted a growing interest in its application to the clinical diagnosis of monogenic diseases. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to develop and optimize a versatile and economic protocol based on NGS to address the molecular study of the VWD. It is intended to apply the new protocol to large patient cohorts to study in depth the molecular mechanisms of the VWD and determine the implication of VWF variants in the VWD phenotype. In this sense, an effective and economical protocol has been designed and optimized that allows the amplification of the VWF in 48 patients simultaneously and sequencing by NGS. The development of this strategy has been of particular relevance in the "Clinical and Molecular Profile of von Willebrand's Disease: Spanish Registry" (PCM-EVW-ES), whose purpose is to establish a national registry of the VWD. The majority of Spanish hospitals participated in this project and recruited a total of 556 individuals. The application of the developed procedure in this registry has prompted the identification of a high number of VWF mutations and has been essential for confirmation and classification of the VWD in 480 patients of the 556 initially included, establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in 94.6% of cases. Additionally, the application of this protocol in the retrospective study of a Portuguese cohort of 92 VWD patients has demonstrated its power, efficiency, and cost reduction, compared to Sanger's technology, in molecular diagnosis of VWD. Derived from the genetic study of these cohorts, several potential splice site mutations (PSSM) have been selected to investigate their pathogenic effect through transcriptional studies in vivo. The results obtained demonstrate the pathogenic effect of 8 VWF PSSM in the mRNA processing and prove that missense and synonymous mutations could also affect splicing. Finally, it has been investigated the participation of VWF polymorphisms in the modulation of the severity and the clinical manifestations of the VWD. In this way, it has been estimated that four polymorphisms can account from 1.5% to 2.6% of the phenotypic variance of different VWF measurements (VWF: Ag, VWF: RCo and / or VWF: CB). In summary, genetic analysis of the VWF by means of NGS technology has proven its worth in the diagnosis of the VWD and has provided data to understand and elucidate the molecular basis of this pathology.
Hernández, Ruiz Mª Isabel. "Factores genéticos asociados a la degeneración lobar frontotemporal. Análisis de susceptibilidad genética y correlación fenotipo-genotipo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285735.
Full textFrontotemporal Lobar Degeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders, the second most frequent cause of early dementia and the one with the highest number of inherited cases. It is characterized by considerable variability in clinical, genetic and histopathologic features. Patients may present symptoms ranging from behavioural disturbances to different language disorders, with or without motor neuron disorders or associated Parkinsonism. Atrophy in frontal and temporal lobes is the most relevant radiological finding. In the last 10 years, the knowledge of this clinical entity has undergone remarkable changes both genetically and histopathologically, which have served to establish more consistent clinical criteria. Until now 10 genes causative of dementia have been described and up to four different proteins causative of atrophy have been detected in aggregates. This work provides the clinical experience of more than 15 years with DLFT patients and the collaborative work with different Genetic Research Groups in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Queralt, Rosinach Núria. "Estudi de l'acoblament magnètic en complexos heterometàl·lics amb lligands pont oxamido, oxamato, tiooxalato i anàlegs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9106.
Full textThis theoretical work examines the magnetic coupling in bi- and trinuclear heterometallic transition metal complexes with bridging ligands such as oxamido, oxamato, ditiooxalato and analogues. To calculate their electronic structure multireference methods have been used, including different variants of DDCI method, developed in our group, and CASPT2 method. For different Cu(II)-Mn(II) binuclear known systems, the magnetic couplings and spin density maps calculated accurately reproduce the experimental data. The antiferromagnetic coupling in these compounds depends on the charge transfer from ligand to metal, linked to the electronegativity of coordinated atoms. In the hypothetical systems of type Cu(II)-M(II)-Cu(II), where M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, the magnitude of the estimated coupling depends on the electronegativity of the metal core, going from the weakly ferromagnetic for Sc to moderately antiferromagnetic for Cu. This work provides the microscopic interpretation of the coupling in these systems, as well as the validation and/or limitations of the computational methods used.
Pérez, Poyato María del Socorro. "Espectro clínico-mutacional y estudios de correlación genotipo-fenotipo en la población española afectada de lipofuscinosis neuronal ceroidea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84123.
Full textNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs) is one of the most common groups of progressive neurodegenerative diseases in childhood. Eight disease genes causing NCL in childhood have been identified: CLN10/CTSD, CLN1/PPT1, CLN2/TPP1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7/MFSD8, and CLN8. The main objective was to assess the natural history of the disease and to establish phenotype/genotype correlations in Spanish patients with NCL. Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is caused by mutations in the CLN1/PPT gene. The age at disease onset in six Spanish patients with INCL ranged from 8 to 15 months. Delayed motor skills and ataxia were the initial symptoms. The V181M mutation in the CLN1 gene was found in homozygosis which is associated with the most severe INCL phenotype. Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is caused by mutations in the CLN2. The clinical outcome in 12 Spanish patients reported the age at onset of clinical symptoms ranged from 18 months to 3.7 years, and they included delayed speech and simple febrile seizures followed by epilepsy. Clinical regression was initiated by loss of sentences followed by loss of walking ability. The clinical progression of LINCL was relatively homogeneous and genetic heterogeneity was demonstrated in the 10 families studied. Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is usually caused by a 1.02-kb deletion in the CLN3 gene and mutations in the CLN1 gene may be associated with a variant form of JNCL (vJNCL). To assess the natural history of the disease, 24 Spanish patients with JNCL were studied. Patients were classified into the groups of vJNCL with mutations in the CLN1 gene (n= 11) and classic JNCL (cJNCL) with mutations in the CLN3 gene (n=13). Patients with vJNCL showed a more severe and progressive clinical course than those with cJNCL. The rate of disease progression may be useful to diagnose vJNCL or cJNCL, which should be confirmed by molecular studies in CLN1/CLN3 genes. Three unrelated patients with Finnish variant late infantile (CLN5) and another patient with Turkish variant late infantile (CLN7) were described. The diagnostic algorithm is a useful tool for the diagnosis of the patients with NCL and the correlation genotype-phenotype studies in Spain.
Aguilar, Sànchez Guadalupe. "Aportació de l’estudi multiparamètric (morfològic, amb difusió, perfusió i espectroscòpia) de la pròstata amb RM de 3 Tesla sense bobina endorectal en la detecció, estadificació i maneig dels pacients amb sospita de càncer de pròstata. Correlació morfològica, funcional, metabòlica, clínica i patològica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671594.
Full textNuestro objetivo principal ha sido valorar la aportación de las imágenes morfológicas de la RM de próstata, el estudio ponderado en difusión, la perfusión y la espectroscopia en el diagnóstico, estadificación y manejo clínico de los pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata (por tacto rectal y/o elevación del PSA) correlacionándolos con los resultados anatomopatológicos. Otros objetivos que nos hemos marcado han sido: • Revisar la calidad de los estudios por RM de la próstata y analizar las diferentes causas que pueden deteriorarla. • Argumentar la idoneidad de realizar la RM antes de las biopsias. • Revisar el papel de las variables clínicas (TR y PSA) y de la puntuación PI-RADS con RMmp, confrontándolas con los resultados anatomopatológicos. • Correlacionar los hallazgos de la imagen RM con la anatomía patológica final. Nuestro grupo de estudio es una cohorte retrospectiva de 368 pacientes valorados de forma multidisciplinar en el Hospital del Mar, a los que se les hizo una o más resonancias magnéticas de próstata, una o más biopsias prostáticas y en algunos de ellos una prostatectomía radical (PR) o recibieron tratamiento radioterápico. Hemos hecho un análisis de variables clínicas y generales, de variables radiológicas relacionadas con las diferentes modalidades de la RMmp y las biopsias ecoguiadas así como de las variables anatomopatológicas correspondientes al resultado de las biopsias con aguja y al resultado de la pieza de prostatectomía radical. Hemos intentado establecer la capacidad diagnóstica de estas variables de la RM por separado y combinadas con el sistema PI-RADS y/o con la estadificación clínico-radiológica local T y N comparándolas con el resultado anatomopatológico final. Las conclusiones a que hemos llegado son: 1. La capacidad de las variables clínicas TR y PSA es limitada a la hora de detectar cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo y la inclusión de la RM puede ayudar a hacer un diagnóstico menos invasivo y más discriminativo de la patología prostática, así como mejorar la estadificación previa al tratamiento. Así evitaremos muchas biopsias innecesarias y algunos tratamientos innecesarios que mejorarán la calidad de vida de los pacientes y disminuirán el coste sanitario actual. 2. Recomendamos practicar la RM multiparamétrica de próstata antes de hacer la biopsia prostática, tanto para evitar las alteraciones tisulares que se producen después de la biopsia como para ayudar a discriminar entre pacientes candidatos o no a biopsia o repetición de biopsia y para optimizar la toma de muestras de la biopsia con el objetivo de aumentar la detección de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo. 3. En la RMmp, la secuencia ponderada en difusión con factores b ultra altos (b2000 y b3000) combinada con el mapa de ADC es la principal para detectar cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo. Los factores b ultra altos ayudan a localizar e interpretar restricciones de difusión menos evidentes en el mapa de ADC. 4. El estudio dinámico con contraste es una secuencia esencial que consideramos imprescindible y los resultados que hemos obtenido le dan un valor pronóstico, dado que ayuda a mejorar la estratificación del riesgo y el manejo del paciente. 5. Nuestro estudio pone de manifiesto el valor de la Espectroscopia para la detección de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo. Aunque por razones de tipo práctico y económico, esta técnica ha sido excluida del sistema PI-RADS, creemos que en las instituciones académicas se debe seguir utilizando y mejorar su aplicación. 6. La correlación radio-patológica permite conocer mejor el sustrato anatomopatológico y los mecanismos microscópicos que están relacionados con las diferentes lesiones que podemos detectar por resonancia magnética. Este conocimiento redunda en un aumento de la precisión del diagnóstico por imagen de RM de la próstata que va más allá del sistema PI-RADS.
Our main objective has been to assess the contribution of the morphological images of the prostate MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), and MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis, staging, and clinical management of patients with suspected prostate cancer (by digital rectal examination and / or PSA elevation) correlating them with the anatomopathological results. Other objectives we have set have been: • Review the quality of MRI studies of the prostate and analyze the different causes which can damage it. • Argue the suitability of performing MRI before biopsies. • Review the role of clinical variables (DRE and PSA) and PI-RADS score by mpMR, comparing them with anatomopathological results. • Correlate the findings of MR imaging with the final pathological anatomy. Our study group is a retrospective cohort of 368 patients evaluated in a multidisciplinary way at the Hospital del Mar, who had one or more prostate MRI, one or more prostate biopsies, and in some cases a radical prostatectomy (RP) or received radiotherapy treatment. We have done an analysis of clinical and general variables, of radiological variables related to the different modalities of mpMR and ultrasound-guided biopsies as well of the anatomopathological variables corresponding to the result of the biopsies with needle and to the result of the piece of radical prostatectomy. We have attempted to establish the diagnostic capability or potential of these MRI variables separately and combined with the PI-RADS system and/or clinical-radiological staging local T and N comparing them with the final anatomopathological result. The conclusions we have reached are: 1. The capacity of the clinical variables DRE and PSA is limited when it comes to detection clinically significant prostate cancer and the inclusion of MRI can help make a less invasive and more discriminatory diagnosis of prostate pathology as well as to improve staging. This will prevent many unnecessary biopsies and some unnecessary treatments that will improve the quality of life of patients and lower the current healthcare cost. 2. We recommend performing mpMR before doing the prostate biopsy, both to prevent tissue alterations that occur after the biopsy to help discriminate between patients who are candidates or not for biopsy or repeat biopsy and to optimize biopsy sampling with the aim of increasing the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. 3. In mpMR, the diffusion weighted sequence with ultra-high b values (b2000 and b3000) combined with the ADC map is the main one to detect clinically significant prostate cancer. Ultra-high b factors help to localize and read less obvious diffusion restrictions on the ADC map. 4. Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) is an essential sequence that we consider necessary and the results we have obtained give it a prognostic value, as it helps to improve risk stratification and patient management. 5. Our study highlights the value of MR Spectroscopy for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Although for practical and economic reasons, this technique has been excluded from the PI-RADS system, we believe that at academic institutions should continue to be used and their application improved. 6. The radio-pathological correlation allows a better understanding of the anatomopathological substrate and the microscopic mechanisms that are related to the different lesions that we can detect on MRI. This knowledge results in an increase in the diagnostic accuracy by MRI of the prostate going further beyond the PI-RADS system.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Medicina
Aliaga, Mancisidor Helbert Justiniano. "Hallazgos anatomopatológicos en necropsias pre- cremación en el instituto de patología y biología molecular arias stella durante el periodo 2001–2003." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2005. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/216.
Full textMartínez, Jiménez Eber. "Visualizador web de la incidencia de cáncer en el Valle del Mezquital, México y su relación con la contaminación de industrias cementeras." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/98853.
Full textCONACyT, Convocatoria de Investigación científica básica 2014. Proyecto: Movimientos sociales por la defensa del territorio. Caso de los movimientos sociales en contra de la industria cementera en México, 2002-2017. (243127) Responsable Técnico: Dra. B. Carrasco-Gallegos
Orús, Dotú César. "Rinometría Acústica: Criterios de normalidad; Correlación rinomanométrica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4283.
Full textThe acoustic rhinometry (RA) is a nasal complementary exam that allows to measure the cross-sectional areas of the nose in function of the distance. Nowadays is used world-wide and its indications are well established. However, the normal values, indispensable for the valuation of its results in its indications, are not universal and depending on the population where has been obtained and also the selection criteria. Each centre should know its own normal values. Besides, the papers comparing the results obtained with both acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry (RNM) have demonstrated a different level of correlation, from no correlation to high.
Objectives
1. To establish the rhinometryc normal values in baseline situation in adults, men and women
2. Quantification of the increasing of these normal values in vasoconstriction
3. Study the differences between the normal values in men a women
4. Comparison study between acoustic rhinometry and rinomanometry
4.1 Sensibility and specificity of the anterior rinoscopy, anterior active rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry respect the feeling of nasal obstruction and respect the detection of nasal abnormalities
4.2 Concordance among nasal symptom's, nasal exploration and RA/RNM
4.3Creation of a extrapolation model between measurements
Results and conclusions
1. Normal values in men
I-notch: 0,77 cm2 (IC95%=0,60-0,94) located at 0,18 cm (IC95%=0,04-0,32) from the narine
C-notch: 0,56 cm2 (IC95%=0,44-0,68) located at 1,87 cm (IC95%=1,69-2,05) from the narine
Volume from the narine to the MCA: 1,75 cm3 (IC95%= 1,38- 2,12)
Volume from the narine to the fifth centimetre: 5,17 cm3 (IC95%= 4,12-6,22)
Volume from the narine to the seventh centimetre: 8,35 cm3(IC95%=6,51- 10,19)
2. Normal values in women
I-notch: 0,55 cm2 (IC95%=0,42-0,68) located from the narine 0,26 cm (IC95%=0,12-0,40)
C-notch: 0,47 cm2 (IC95%=0,38-0,56) located at 1,83 cm (IC95%=1,67-2,00) from the narine
Volume from the narine to the MCA: 1,29 cm3 (IC95%= 1,06- 1,52)
Volume from the narine to the fifth centimetre: 4,35 cm3 (IC95%= 3,53-5,17)
Volume from the narine to the seventh centimetre: 7,42 cm3(IC95%=5,99- 8,85)
3. Vasoconstriction effect
the vasoconstriction produces an increment of the whole nasal dimensions. The average of increment of the first five centimetres is of 30%. The nasal area that suffers the biggest increment is the cross sectional area at the fourth centimetre, with an average increasing of 55% in men and 39% in women.
4. Height effect
The rhinometryc measurements suffer a direct and proportional increment to the height of the person. The nasal dimensions of the tall people is bigger than those of the small people
5. Sensibility and specificity of the anterior active rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry respect the feeling of nasal obstruction
In our sample, from the point of view of absence or presence of the symptom of nasal obstruction, AR offered more sensibility and lesser specificity than RNM (87,5% Vs 72,5% and 31% Vs 69% respectively). Both had the same absolute value of 71%. From the point of view of the intensity of the symptom and the level of the alteration of the objective prove, both RA and RNM showed similar concordance. Despite of the fact than RNM is more functional, it did not have better correlation. In conclusion it can be said that both are acceptable techniques for the monitorization of the feeling of nasal obstruction. Besides. there are external factors to the techniques that produce that this correlation can not be always complete
6. Sensibility and specificity of the anterior active rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry respect the detection of structural nasal obstructions
In our sample, from the point of view of absence or presence of the structural nasal obstruction, AR offered more sensibility and lesser specificity than RNM ((93% Vs 75 %; 59% Vs 75% respectively). Both had the same absolute value of 71%. However AR obtained better absolute value than RNM (86% Vs 71%). From the point of view of the intensity of the structural obstruction and the level of the alteration of the objective prove, both RA shoed slightly better correlation.. These results lead to the fact that both techniques are equal in the quantification's of the structural nasal obstruction.
7. Correlation between rhinometric measurements and rhinomanometrics measurements
Rhinometric measurements and rhinomanometrics measurements had a statistically significant correlation. The correlation, quantitatively more significant, was established between the volume of the first seven centimetres of the nasal cavity and the airflow at 75 pa of pressure (r2 = 0,29; F= 43,4; p = 0,001).
8. Extrapolation measurements model.
It is feasible to design a extrapolation measurements based on a regression model that follows the next formula:
Airflow 75 Pa (cc/s)= 37,6 + 27,9 x volume 3 (cc)
However the confidence interval between correlation's is too large for that this model has a clinical value
9. Acoustic rhinometry and computed rhynomanometry comparison
The different method employed by AR and RNM produces that its measurements and results are not directly comparable. None substitute to the other. Their have a complementary relationship.
Acurio, Zárate David. "Correlación cito-histológica en tumores de mama." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1752.
Full textTesis de segunda especialidad
Rantul, Mansilla Francisco Osiel. "Asimetría en la correlación de los índices accionarios del MILA con un modelo asimétrico de correlación condicional dinámica generalizado." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147675.
Full textEl creciente desarrollo e integración del sistema financiero latinoamericano con el resto del mundo ha despertado el interés en la literatura sobre la vulnerabilidad que tiene la región, ante schoks macroeconómicos tanto internos como externos.
Díaz, Vilca Miguel Justiniano. "Correlación entre la porosidad y la resistencia del concreto." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2010. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/103.
Full textLeón, Morelos Ricardo. "La Resiliencia y su Correlación con la Impulsividad y la Adherencia Terapéutica en pacientes infectados por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana, del Centro Ambulatorio para la prevención y atención del VIH/SIDA y de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, del Municipio de Netzahualcóyotl México, agosto 2011 - mayo 2012." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/20.500.11799/13941.
Full textGómez, Ramírez Enrique. "“LA RESILIENCIA Y SU CORRELACIÓN CON LA DEPRESIÓN Y EL RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA LICENCIATURA EN PEDAGOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, CAMPUS TECÁMAC, SEPTIEMBRE 2011-JULIO 2012”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/20.500.11799/13944.
Full textCruz, Higuera Nereyda. "CORRELACIÒN DEL ULTRASONIDO EN NODULACIONES TIROIDEAS CORROBORADAS POR BIOPSIA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14268.
Full textMata, Ávalos Fernando Alfredo. "Fibrosis quística del adulto. Correlación genotipo-fenotipo pulmonar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4497.
Full textHasta la fecha se han descubierto más de 1.400 mutaciones y 200 variables y polimorfismos diferentes causantes de la enfermedad, y su prevalencia varía ampliamente de acuerdo al grupo étnico y el área geográfica que se estudie.
Los pacientes con cuadro clásicos de la enfermedad suelen desarrollar, desde los primeros meses de vida, manifestaciones clínicas digestivas y/o respiratorias de la enfermedad. Además, existe un grupo de pacientes que pueden cursar con manifestaciones clínicas leves o atípicas de la enfermedad durante los primeros años de la vida y que son diagnosticados en la edad adulta.
La gran diversidad tanto en el genotipo como en el fenotipo ha sido ampliamente investigada con el fin de tratar de correlacionar el genotipo con la variabilidad de las manifestaciones clínicas. En este sentido, se ha demostrado una correlación estrecha entre el genotipo y la insuficiencia pancreática (IP) y con la ausencia bilateral de conductos deferentes (ABCD). Sin embargo, la correlación entre el genotipo y la gravedad de la enfermedad pulmonar no ha podido ser plenamente demostrada.
Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en una cohorte de pacientes adultos con fibrosis quística, en quienes fue posible el diagnóstico de dos mutaciones del RTFQ. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en base a la clase de mutaciones del RTFQ que presentaban de acuerdo con el tipo de disfunción molecular ocasionado por las mutaciones. Posteriormente los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos en base a la presencia o no del RTFQ en la superficie celular, de acuerdo con la clase mutaciones del RTFQ en ambos cromosomas (I-II/I-II, I-II/III-V). Se analizaron y compararon las características demográficas, así como los valores espirométricos, progresión de la función pulmonar, probabilidad de supervivencia y riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad pulmonar moderada-grave y su relación con la presencia o no de insuficiencia pancreática.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 74 pacientes en el estudio. Los pacientes con genotipo I-II/I-II presentaron menores valores espirométricos actuales (p<0.001), mayor progresión de la enfermedad pulmonar (P < 0.04), mayor proporción de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar terminal (P < 0.001), mayor riesgo de sufrir una enfermedad pulmonar moderada-grave [OR = 7.12 (1.3-40.5)], siendo este riesgo independiente de la presencia o no de insuficiencia pancreática y una menor probabilidad de supervivencia que los pacientes con genotipo I-II/III, I-II/IV y I-II/V (p<0.001).
Conclusión. La FQ es una enfermedad también de diagnóstico en la edad adulta. Existe una diferencia en la prevalencia de las mutaciones del RTFQ entre pacientes con diagnostico en la edad adulta con respecto a los que se diagnostican en la infancia.
Los pacientes con diagnostico de FQ en la edad adulta presentaron una menor incidencia de manifestaciones digestivas, insuficiencia pancreática, diabetes mellitus y de enfermedad hepática crónica. Además, presentaron una mejor función pulmonar medida por espirometría y menor incidencia de muerte por enfermedad pulmonar terminal y transplante pulmonar. La prueba del sudor puede ser negativa o indeterminada en los pacientes con diagnostico de FQ en la edad adulta y el pronóstico más favorable. La presencia de mutaciones de las clases I o II en ambos cromosomas esta asociada con una enfermedad pulmonar más grave, una progresión más rápida de la enfermedad pulmonar y una menor probabilidad de supervivencia.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common recessively-inherited disease in white people, occurring in approximately 1 in 5,532 live births in our area. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which encodes a protein expressed in the apical membrane of exocrine epithelial cells. Since the CFTR was cloned in 1989, over 1,000 mutations and 200 sequence variations in this gene have been identified so far.
The CFTR functions principally as a cAMP-induced chloride channel and appear capable of regulating other ion channels. Mutations in the CFTR gene cause inspissated secretions leading to disease in the affected organs. With reference to chloride transport dysfunction, the CFTR mutations can be grouped into five classes: (I) CFTR not synthesised, (II) defective processing, (III) defective regulation, (IV) defective conductance, (V) partially defective production or processing. This classification makes it possible to predict the likely effect of a known mutation on the CFTR function, although the effect of a given mutation on cell function may not be known in full. While the CFTR protein does not reach the epithelial cell surface in presence of class I and II mutation, it is present on the cellular surface in class III, IV or V CFTR mutations, and a certain residual function could be found. This genotypic variation provides a rationale for phenotypic effects of the CFTR mutations.
The relationship between genotype with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and pancreatic insufficiency (PI) has been established in several publications. In them, it was pointed out that the pair of CFTR mutations is closely linked to the development of CBAVD and PI. However, attempts to link mutations in CFTR to severity of lung disease have not been successfully demonstrated.
Methods. A prospective cohort of adult CF patients, in whom it was possible to detect two CFTR mutations, was analysed. Patients were classified according to the CFTR mutation classes. Then, patients were grouped based on the CFTR molecular position on the epithelial cell surface and the type of molecular dysfunction (I-II/I-II, I-II/III, I-II/IV, I-II/V, I-II/III-V). The demographic characteristics as well as the spirometric values, the progression of lung disease, the probability of survival and the clinical characteristics were analysed and compared.
Findings. Seventy four patients, in whom two CFTR mutations were detected, were included in the study. Patients with genotype I-II/I-II had significantly lower current FVC and FEV1 predicted values than patients with genotype I-II/III, I-II/IV and I-II/V. Moreover, the progression of lung disease (p<0?04), the proportion of patients with end-stage lung disease (p=0?001) and the risk of suffering from moderate-severe lung disease in univariate and multivariate analysis were higher and the probability of survival was lower among patients with genotype I-II/I-II.
Interpretation. CF can also be diagnosed in adult age. Those patients diagnosed in adulthood have less digestive affectations, better lung function and different genetic mutations. Sweat test can be negative or indeterminate. Moreover, they had a higher mean age and higher weight, less incidence of initial digestive abnormalities, pancreatic insufficiency, malnutrition, hepatic disease, chronic bronchial colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, hospitalizations, lung transplantation and deaths due to CF. On the contrary, these patients had a higher incidence of pancreatitis, allergic bronchopulmanary aspergillosis at diagnosis and better respiratory function test parameters. There is a correlation between genotype and progression of lung disease. Patients with class I or II mutation on both chromosomes are associated with worse respiratory disease and lower probability of survival.
Veloso, Durán Ana. "Correlación entre la erupción dental y la lateralidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403406.
Full textRamírez, Gallarza Jorge Eduardo. "Mujer y erotismo en Oliverio Girondo." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94561.
Full textTramontin, Alvise. "Contratto Didattico ed Effetti Correlati." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13550/.
Full textTello, Julio C. "Origen, desarrollo y correlación de las antiguas culturas peruanas." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121748.
Full textDurand, Rolando Monicke. "Correlación entre los Recursos Personales con el Involucramiento Laboral." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17250.
Full textNowadays, companies has different economics and social challenges that must be solved to get profitability in its business. Therefore, it is necessary that companies promotes and improves positive experiences among workers to have a healthy and motivated working force; in that way, they can get good job performance and profitability to the business. Thus, academics and entrepreneurs have been interested in the development and management of the concept of work engagement because it can predict job performance according to the investigations. There are variables identified as important antecedents of work engagement, among them: job resources and personal resources. For this study, we will focus only in personal resources. The main objective of the study is to correlate work engagement’s variable with two personal resources: self-efficacy and organization-based self-steem in a public organization in Lima to explore the behavior of these variables in our population. The sample consists of 84 workers from an organization with an age mean of 47.71 years old. The results shows medium direct relation between work engagement with both personal resources (r (self-efficacy) = .385 ; r (organizational self-esteem) = .453).
Tesis
Pérez, Velasco Jesús Fernando, and Servin Héctor L. Ocaña. "Correlación entre Transporte Peritonea y Valores de Albumina Séricos." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14297.
Full textPacheco, Lima Iván. "Correlación de glucosa y colesterol en pacientes adultos mayores." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1106.
Full textA retrospective, descriptive and correlative type study to seric cholesterol and glucose values in old adults has been effected. The sampling universe was of 526 patients between 60 and 90 years old from which, 274 corresponded to female sex and 252 corresponded to male sex. The biochemical determination were carried out in 2004 in the clinical analysis academic – assistance service of the faculty of pharmacy and biochemistry from the San Marcos Major National University. From which104 and 120 patients of male sex presented seric glucose and cholesterol levels increased respectively. In the same way, 110 and 54 patients of female sex presented seric glucose and cholesterol increased respectively. It has found and increase of seric glucose and cholesterol simultaneously in 6.84% of the cases (36 patients). In the data analysis was found greater correlation in men than in women with values of 3.80% and 3.04% respectively, instead of being more woman than men corresponding to a case number of 274 and 252 respectively. The correlation coefficient of Pearson was (+0.7).
Tesis
González, de jesús Dalia Berenice, and Miranda Rosa Angélica Mendieta. "Relación entre autoestima y convivencia escolar en alumnos de nivel básico: secundaria." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/98686.
Full textEl estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la autoestima y su relación con la convivencia escolar en la adolescencia, específicamente en adolescentes de primero y segundo grado de secundaria. La convivencia escolar fue medida con el instrumento psicológico AVE (Escala de Acoso y Violencia Escolar). Así mismo la autoestima se midió con la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg conformada por 10 ítems y la Escala de Autoestima, elaborada por Norma Ivonne González Arratia. Se evaluó a 617 alumnos en total, de los cuales 288 son hombres y 329 mujeres, de las siguientes escuelas: Escuela Secundaria Oficial No. 0561 “Miguel Alemán” y Escuela Secundaria Técnica Industrial y Comercial No. 69 “Gral. Vicente Guerrero”. Se hizo el procesamiento de la información con el vaciado de los datos en el programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) y se prosiguió con el análisis de datos utilizando la correlación de Pearson y el análisis descriptivo y de comparación t de Student. Los resultados arrojaron que en cuestión de convivencia escolar no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa, entre alumnos del turno matutino, sin embargo, los alumnos del primer grado turno vespertino presentan una peor convivencia escolar. Los resultados generales muestran que a mayor autoestima mejor convivencia escolar. De esta manera se concluye que la autoestima si es un factor que influye de forma positiva o negativa en el tipo de convivencia escolar que se desarrolla en el aula.
Treré, Cristina. "Dinamica nel chemostato e modelli correlati." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2351/.
Full textJunquera, Hernández José Miguel. "Cálculos de propiedades moleculares con métodos de correlación electrónica extensivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10269.
Full textIn this work, PROP software for the calculation of electronic properties as mean value from CI vectors obtained with the CASDI code has been developed. This software allows the use of (SC)2-CI expansions over SDCI.One of the objectives of the work was to state the reliability of the (SC)2 method for the calculation of molecular electronic properties. The present work has focused, for the first time, in a systematic study of electronic properties calculations using (SC)2 expansions. single reference and multireference wavefunctions. The values calculated with (SC)2-CI expansions are closer to the reference values than those obtained with the corresponding bare -undressed− SDCI wavefunctions. This behaviour had been well established in the past for the energy. The electronic properties obtained employing the (SC)2 dressing method are size-consistent if the proceeding shown is employed to obtain them.The aug-cc-pVTZ basis set is the optimum basis set for the calculation of accurate electronic properties employing the (SC)2 dressing method in molecules containing atoms of the first rows of the periodic table. It is advisable to include a second set of augmented functions in the basis set, whenever it is possible. Those basis sets grant the best accuracy/computational-cost ratioAs a general behaviour, the improvement in the properties calculated using the (SC)2 dressing method over the ones obtained using the bare SR-SDCI wavefunction is greater than the improvement observed when a undressed MR-SDCI wavefunction is employed, being the computational effort much lesser in the first case.New theoretical reference values for correlation methods have been obtained during the high-detail FCI study of Be3 moleculeFinally, the presented methodology has been successfully applied to the study of real problems. In the corresponding calculations, rovibrational and temperature related terms have been taken into account
Castañares, Márquez Eduardo. "Metodología de análisis de correlación calidad-posventa para desarrollos inmobiliarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386405.
Full textEste estudio tiene como objetivo principal comparar la implementación de un modelo de calidad que cubra de manera integral las etapas de construcción, con estrategias de seguimiento de postventa en proyectos inmobiliarios de vivienda. El resultado tangible de este estudio, es proponer mecanismos específicos de mejora del sistema de medición de calidad de los procesos constructivos, y del seguimiento y análisis de las garantías en las viviendas. Este trabajo se desarrolló mediante la revisión del proceso de implantación del "Modelo de Calidad en los Procesos de Construcción de Vivienda 3CV+2", en una empresa del sector inmobiliario de la zona metropolitana de Monterrey México, la cual se dedica al segmento de vivienda media y residencial. Posteriormente se analizó el mecanismo de atención de garantías por quejas de los clientes. Y finalmente se compararon las mediciones de calidad con los registro de posventa. Se revisaron datos tanto de calidad y de posventa para 8 desarrollos entre los años 2012 a 2015. Para lograr comparar ambos procesos, se tuvo que definir una metodología de uniformización de los datos, ya que los mecanismos de generación y procesamiento de los mismos no eran compatibles para compararlos de manera directa. Como conclusión de este trabajo se encontró que la empresa ha logrado resultados diversos en la vinculación entre los resultados de calidad en la construcción con la cantidad de quejas de los clientes. Algunos desarrollos mostraron comportamiento con tendencia positiva en la relación calidad-posventa, algunos tenían una relación incipiente entre ambos factores, y uno de los desarrollos revisados mostró un comportamiento desfavorable en la relación calidad de construcción Vs. posventa.
Zapata, Vásquez Luis Alberto. "Correlación clínica anátomo patológico de las histerectomías por leiomiomatosis uterina." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15338.
Full textDetermina si existe correlación entre el diagnóstico de Leiomiomatosis uterina en el pre-operatorio y el estudio anatomía patológica posterior a la Histerectomía, los objetivos específicos fueron determinar la prevalencia, grupos etáreos más afectados, morbilidad más frecuente asociada Leiomiomatosis, confirmar diagnóstico de Leiomiomatosis por anatomía patológica posterior a la histerectomía, detectar por anatomía patológica patologías que no fueron diagnosticadas antes de la histerectomía. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal con el total de pacientes con diagnóstico de Leiomiomatosis Uterina de enero del 2007 a diciembre del 2008, se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para la recolección de datos obtenidos de las Historias Clínicas y resultados de Anatomía Patológica de los pacientes con Diagnóstico pre quirúrgico de Leiomiomatosis uterina en el registro de SOP- HNDAC-CALLAO. Se encontró que el grupo mayor afectado fue de 41-45 años(39.82%), los grupos < de 25 y ˃ de 60 años tuvieron la menor prevalencia de leiomiomatosis uterina, a si mismo el 32.30% tuvo una paridad de 4, el 100.00% de pacientes tuvieron como criterio de Diagnóstico pre quirúrgico el examen clínico y la Eco TV, al 100.00% de pacientes se les realizó PAP, el 92.00% biopsia de endometrio y el 100.00% contó con resultado de Hb, el 34.07% tuvo 12 gramos de Hb, en el 65.48% se confirmó el diagnóstico de Leiomiomatosis por Anatomía Patológica, en el 15.04% se encontró adenomiosis, el 65.48% de los pacientes se les encontró correlación entre Clínica, Eco TV y hallazgo Anátomo Patológico de Leiomiomatosis uterina. La USV tiene bajo VPP para leiomiomatosis uterina, según lo confirma los resultados de anatomía patológica.
Trabajo académico
Alarcón, Llange Néstor Robert. "Correlación clínica y confirmación quirúrgica en el síndrome del pronador." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1445.
Full textIt was carried out a descriptive, retrospective, transverse study; the sampling Unit was the patients with diagnose clinical of the Pronator Syndrome to Surgical Liberation in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the National Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital between June of the 2003 and May of the 2004. It was also carried out the surgical liberation of the Transverse Ligament of the Carpo in all the patients with clinical square of compression of the Tunnel of the Carpo associated to the Pronator Syndrome. The statistical analysis was carried out with the program SPSS Vs. 11. 26 cases were selected, it was found that 73% (19) were bigger than 45 years and 69.2% (18) of female sex, 76.9% (20) were devoted to works that they were related to manual activities, 88.5% (23) were skillful and in 65.4% (17) the nervous atrapamiento was in the right extremity, in 84.6% (22) was carried out a liberation of the Syndrome of the Tunnel of the Carpo homolateral. Regarding the clinical maneuvers, 46.2% (12) presented pain in the point pronador, followed by 23.1% (06) supination against resistance, and 23.1% (06) pronation against resistance; the surgical discoveries indicated that in 42.3 % (11) was the aponeurosis bicipital, in 30.8 % (08) the band of the round pronador and in 19.2 % (05) cause tumorales those responsible for the compression, the postoperative complications, were hematoma 30.8 % (08), and infection in 3.8 % (01) of the cases.
Tesis de segunda especialidad
Pallarés, Picazo Vicente. "Individual traits versus invariances of cognitive functions: a model-based study of brain connectivity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666806.
Full textÉs conegut en la literatura de neuroimatge que les xarxes cerebrals funcionals reflecteixen trets personals. Aquestes característiques individuals podrien interferir en caracteritzar la cognició entesa com la manera en què les xarxes es coordinen per realitzar una tasca, com mantenir l'atenció, recordar o processar informació visual. Cóm aquests aspectes individuals coexisteixen amb mecanismes generals, és, per tant, una pregunta clau en recerca sobre connectivitat cerebral. Aquest treball estudia la relació entre marcadors de connectivitat específics tant de subjectes, com de tasques. Se centra en dues escales temporals: la variabilitat entre sessions, i les fluctuacions ràpides produïdes durant una sessió d'adquisició. Utilitzem tècniques de machine learning per separar quantitativament les contribucions d'informació del subjecte i de l'estat cognitiu a la connectivitat. La metodologia presentada ens permet extreure aquelles xarxes representatives d'ambdues dimensions, així com aprofundir en la seva evolució, suggerint les escales temporals rellevants en la cognició.
There is consistent evidence in the neuroimaging literature that functional brain networks reflect personal traits. Individual specificity may interfere with the characterization of cognition, in terms of coordination of brain networks to perform a task, such as sustained attention, memory retrieval or visual information processing. How individual traits coexist with invariant mechanisms is, therefore, a key question in brain connectivity research. This work aims to examine the relationship between subject- and task-specific connectivity signatures. It focuses on two different timescales: day-to-day variability and faster fluctuations exhibited within a scanning session. We adopt a machine learning approach to quantitatively disentangle the contribution of subject information and cognitive state to the connectivity patterns. The proposed methodology allows us to extract the specific brain networks that support each of the two dimensions, as well as to delve into their changes over time, suggesting the relevant timescales for cognition.
Mauri, Obradors Elisabeth. "Correlación entre el tratamiento periodontal y los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458119.
Full textBACKGROUND: Periodontitis and diabetes are highly prevalent conditions; association between these two common diseases has been recognized for many years. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on serum levels of HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a 6-month, single-masked, randomized clinical trial. Ninety patients (HbA1c: 7.7%± 1.13%) were recruited for this study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Treatment group (Oral hygiene instructions + scaling and root planning by using ultrasounds and Gracey curettes); and control group (oral hygiene Instructions + supragingival removal of plaque and calculus with ultrasounds). Probing pocket depth, gingival index, plaque index, systemic assessment of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and determination of bacterial presence were performed at baseline and 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Significant effect was demonstrated for periodontal parameters in the treatment group (p <0.05). HbA1c levels decreased significantly (mean ± SD 0.47% SD 0.90) whereas in the control group no improvement was observed (mean ± SD HbA1c improvement: 0.0% SD.83). Moreover, a decrease of FPG in the group treated (-18.71mg/dl SD 50.35), and an increase in control group (16.25mg/dl SD 54.73) were found (p <0.05). Finally, significant differences between the two groups in the improvement of both HbA1c and FPG at six months post-intervention (p <0.05) was seen. Bacteriological results reinforce results in most but not in all cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The main finding of this study was the improved periodontal status of type 2 diabetic subjects accompanied by a significant improvement in their metabolic control 6 months after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Treatment significantly improves HbA1c, 0.47 on average, while CG maintains largely unchanged HbA1c. These results are in agreement with similarly designed clinical trials, where changes in HbA1c ranged from 0.4 to 0.8% for subjects receiving SRP. No changes in the life style or medical treatment of their DM were recorded that could have influenced these results. Since oral health is a relevant factor affecting general health, this finding acquires a particular relevancy.