Academic literature on the topic 'Corrosion in plant environments'

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Journal articles on the topic "Corrosion in plant environments"

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Heo, Jun, and Sung Oh Cho. "Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Used in Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Water Components By Plasma Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 12 (October 9, 2022): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0212767mtgabs.

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In this study, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) technology was adapted to stainless steel for improving its corrosion resistance. Stainless steel is widely used in various fields due to its remarkable properties including high corrosion resistance, excellent weldability, good performance at all temperatures, etc. Although, in the case of nuclear power plants secondary cooling water components, which mainly utilize stainless steel, aggressive environments are situated created. Plenty of corrosive and abrasive species from the coolants attack the component materials to initiate a wide range of corrosion problems such as general corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), etc. In order to protect the substrate from those corrosive environments, a pre-oxidized layer was deposited through an electrochemical process. The technology used in this study, namely PEO, is an advanced surface engineering method that can produce a protective film having an excellent hardness, heat resistance, and adhesiveness with a compact layer. PEO, which is a developed version of the anodization method, utilizes relatively high voltage with a pulse to enhance the properties of the ceramic layer on the surface by heating and quenching repetitive processes. PEO on stainless steel was conducted by cathodic process and plasma discharges were generated through vapor gas envelope insulating film. After the experiment, a variety of characterizations were conducted. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were firstly utilized to check the surface morphologies and compositions. Then using hot mounting and polishing, the cross-section of the sample was examined to check the oxide layer thickness and chemical composition by depth. By using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), the exact crystalline structure of the fabricated film was characterized. The following characterizations were mainly focused on electrochemical corrosion resistance tests. A typical three-electrode cell system was used to conduct the Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) technique for evaluating the improvement of general corrosion resistance. With corrosion potential and corrosion current density parameters from the PDP technique, pitting potential was also evaluated to check the pitting corrosion resistance. Lastly, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method was conducted to figure out the corrosion resistance mechanism of the fabricated protective film and support the numerical data from the perspective of corrosion resistance improvement. PEO is a simple, fast, and relatively safe surface engineering method that can be applicated to various metal substrates. It is expected to improve diverse properties of the metal materials including corrosion resistance. It can be said that this technology can open a new era in material engineering in a wide range of industrial fields.
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Tzagkaroulakis, Ioannis, Colin Boxall, and Divyesh Trivedi. "Real-Time Nanogravimetric Monitoring of Corrosion in Radioactive Decontamination Systems." MRS Advances 2, no. 10 (December 23, 2016): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.645.

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ABSTRACTMonitoring and understanding of corrosion on nuclear sites is key to safe asset management (predicting plant life, assessing efficacy of corrosion inhibitors for plant lifetime extension) and supporting informed choice of decontamination methods for steels due for decommissioning. Recent advances in Quartz Crystal Nanobalance (QCN) technology offer a means to monitor corrosion in-situ in radiologically harsh environments, in real time and with high sensitivity.Oxalic acid has been widely used in nuclear facilities as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steels and as a decontamination cleaning agent due to its ability to remove rust from the surface of ferritic metals and alloys. As an exemplar system for decontamination, the corrosion behavior of pure iron samples in 1 wt% oxalic acid solution has, for the first time, been measured in simulated radioactive environments in real time, in situ using the QCN. Results show that the QCN is a promising tool for studying the efficacy of oxalic acid decontamination agent formulations with the sensor providing useful mechanistic information regarding decontaminating agent mode-of-action derived from the mass change (gain or loss) in real time when a quartz crystal is immersed in oxalic acid solution in simulated and non–simulated radioactive environments.
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Odhano, Suhail Mashooque, Mukesh Kumar, and Imran Nazir Unar. "Effect of Aloe Vera Extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitor on Medium Carbon Steel in Sulphuric Acid Environment." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 23, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2022.01.07.

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Medium carbon steel is widely consumed by various industrial sectors due to its attractive set of mechanical properties and low cost, but it experiences deterioration when exposed to a corrosive environment. In the present study, Aloe Vera plant extract was studied as a green corrosion inhibitor for medium carbon steel in an acidic medium. The presence of inhibitive compounds in Aloe Vera plant extract was determined by FTIR. Moreover, the inhibition efficiency was determined through gravimetric analysis and electrochemical analysis. The results show that the Aloe Vera plant extract provided inhibition efficiency of more than 90% in both gravimetric and electrochemical analyses. Furthermore, the shift in polarization curves depicts that this plant extract is a mixed type inhibitor acting as an anodic and cathodic inhibitor. Overall, Aloe Vera plant extract provides excellent corrosion inhibition to medium carbon steel in the H2SO4 environment and can be used as a green corrosion inhibitor for mitigating internal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks.
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Obiukwu, Osita, Ignatius Opara, and Chukwuemeka Asoluka. "The Inhibitive Effect of Gnetum africanum, Gongronema latifolium and Chromolena odaratum Extracts on Corrosion of Stainless Steel in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 Solutions." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 66 (May 2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.66.25.

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Extract of various plants; Okazi leaf (Gnetum africanum), Utazi leaf (Gongronema latifolium) and Elizabeth leaf (Chromolena odaratum) was investigated as corrosion inhibitor of stainless steel in 1M HCL and H2SO4 using conventional weight loss. Results were obtained at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were calculated. The results revealed that all the plant extract act as inhibitors in the acid environments while Elizabeth leaf (Chromolena odaratum) proved to be better corrosion inhibitor than Okazi plant (Gnetumafricanum) and Utazi plant (Gongronemalatifolium) extract as it recorded the highest inhibition efficiency of 90.95% in 1M HCL for 20 ml concentration.
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Obiukwu, Osita, Ignatius Opara, and Chukwuemeka Asoluka. "The Inhibitive Effect of <i>Gnetum africanum</i>, <i>Gongronema latifolium</i> and <i>Chromolena odaratum</i> Extracts on Corrosion of Stainless Steel in 1 M HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solutions." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 66 (May 30, 2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-d04pcv.

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Extract of various plants; Okazi leaf (Gnetum africanum), Utazi leaf (Gongronema latifolium) and Elizabeth leaf (Chromolena odaratum) was investigated as corrosion inhibitor of stainless steel in 1M HCL and H2SO4 using conventional weight loss. Results were obtained at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were calculated. The results revealed that all the plant extract act as inhibitors in the acid environments while Elizabeth leaf (Chromolena odaratum) proved to be better corrosion inhibitor than Okazi plant (Gnetumafricanum) and Utazi plant (Gongronemalatifolium) extract as it recorded the highest inhibition efficiency of 90.95% in 1M HCL for 20 ml concentration.
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(SANDY) SHARP, W. B. A., and LYNDA A. KIEFER. "Identifying microbially influenced corrosion on surfaces contacted by mill waters." November 2015 14, no. 11 (December 1, 2015): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.11.711.

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This introduction to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) describes how bacteria can cause MIC where inadequate disinfection of mill water or white water allows biofilms to grow on metal surfaces. Although planktonic bacteria (that float in solution) rarely cause corrosion, sessile bacteria (that adhere to surfaces) can produce corrosive chemicals or promote under-deposit corrosion. The diagnosis of MIC requires knowledge not only of corrosion processes, but also of microbiology, water treatment, and plant operations. Although the presence of bacteria does not prove that the corrosion was caused by MIC, factors such as the presence in the corroded area of bacteria that can cause MIC, of chemical indicators of MIC, of features of the corrosion damage that are characteristic of MIC, and recent operational changes that could have enhanced the activity of microorganisms can combine to provide compelling evidence. Because of the complexity of mill water environments, test data must be reviewed with care because of the possibility that other components of the water could have interfered with the analytical results.
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Chao, Feng, Xie Yi, Wang Jun, Long Yi, Chen Wei, and Xia Dahai. "The corrosion behavior of T/P91 steel under the atmosphere environment in Hunan province." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817501002.

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The research of corrosion behavior of T/P91 steel was investigated taking the case for the T/P91 steel corrosions existed during the construction process of a thermal power plant in Hunan province.The morphology change, product component and mechanical properties change were studied during the corrosion process of SO4-2. The results indicated that the surface oxide layer are mainly composed of iron and chromium oxide.As the thickness of oxide layer increased, the ability of blocking the erosive ions diffusion also come into effect, thus slow down the corrosion rate.
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Bhattarai, Jagadeesh, Madan Somai, Nirmal Acharya, Ajaya Giri, Akash Roka, and Nav Raj Phulara. "Study on the effects of green-based plant extracts and water-proofers as anti-corrosion agents for steel-reinforced concrete slabs." E3S Web of Conferences 302 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130202018.

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Widespread applications of reinforced concrete structures have been practiced since the 20th century because of their excellent properties despite their early corrosion degradation. For the control of such a problem, a design strategy of corrosion-resistant environments of the reinforced concrete structures is highly desirable for extending of a lifetime. The present research work was focused to investigate the effects of the green plant extract-based inhibitors from Vitex negundo and Catharanthus roseus leaves, and one waterproofing chemical (PtS) for controlling the corrosion susceptibility of concrete rebar using a half-cell potential method following the ASTM C876-91 standard. Both plant extracts have good anti-corrosion properties, and hence could be applied as green concrete additives to increase the corrosion resistance of the steel reinforcing bars. The anti-corrosion performance of the steel rebars in concrete is remarkably higher with the additions of 1000 and 2000 ppm plant extracts than the additions of waterproofing chemicals used, based on the shifting of corrosion potential (ϕcorr.) values to a more positive direction than −126 mV (SCE). The results agreed that both the plant extracts could be promising for the formulation of effective, ecofriendly anti-corrosion additives to delay the corrosion susceptibility of the concrete infrastructures.
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Garcia, R. L., P. N. Happ, and R. Q. Feitosa. "LARGE SCALE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS TO FACILITATE CORROSION MANAGEMENT." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-465-2021.

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Abstract. This paper reports the results of a study that aims to develop semi-automatic methods for assessing the degree of corrosion in industrial plant. We evaluated two fully convolutional networks (U-Net and DeepLab v3 +) to segment corroded areas in panoramic images of offshore platforms. The experimental analysis was based on two datasets built for this study. The datasets comprise 9,112 2D images and 3,732 panoramic images. Both FCNs trained on 2D images were tested on 2D images and cubic projections of panoramic images. In addition to pointing out encouraging results, the experiments indicated that most prediction errors concentrated in corrosion defects with a small pixel area.
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Stiadi, Yeni, Syukri Arief, Hermansyah Aziz, Mai Efdi, and E. Emriadi. "INHIBISI KOROSI BAJA RINGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN ALAMI DALAM MEDIUM ASAM KLORIDA: Review." Jurnal Riset Kimia 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v12i2.321.

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The corrosion of steel and its alloys is an important problem in industry, especially in acidic environments. Mild steel is one of the important alloys of iron which has many industrial applications because of its excellent mechanical properties, but mild steel is susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion problems need to be a concern and must be handled properly. Hydrochloric acid is widely used for pickling, cleansing, decomposition and metal etching, on the other hand also contributes to corrosion of metal surfaces. Plant extracts investigated the properties, mechanisms of adsorption and efficiency of inhibition as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for various steel materials in different acidic media. The efficiency of corrosion inhibition of steel from plant extracts analyzed ranged from 72-98% and generally as a mixed-type inhibitor. Most of the inhibitors are adsorbed on the steel surface through a physisorption mechanism.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corrosion in plant environments"

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Brokbartold, Marcel [Verfasser], Bernd [Gutachter] Marschner, Marianne [Gutachter] Grupe, and Hermann [Gutachter] Gies. "Characteristics and environmental relevance of Pb derived from red lead anti-corrosion paint in soils and soil-plant systems / Marcel Brokbartold ; Gutachter: Bernd Marschner, Marianne Grupe, Hermann Gies ; Fakultät für Geowissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1202605249/34.

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Li, Kwan (Kwan Hon). "Microbially influenced corrosion in sour environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88382.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-123).
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a costly and poorly understood source of corrosion that plagues many modern industrial processes such as oil extraction and transportation. Throughout the years, many possible mechanisms for MIC have been proposed. One specific proposed mechanism was tested in this thesis: that the metal-binding characteristic of bacterial biofilms enhanced corrosion when it appears in conjunction with an iron sulfide film. Two model biogels were used: calcium alginate, which has this metal-binding property, and agarose, which does not. In pursuit of this hypothesis, iron sulfide films were grown on mild steel coupons. Two distinct forms of iron sulfides were grown: a loose black product at low sulfide concentrations, and an adherent gold product at high sulfide concentrations. Many materials characterization techniques were attempted, and the black corrosion product was found to be a mixture of greigite and marcasite. However, this composition was observed to change irreversibly with the application of a laser that caused the material to either heat and/or dry. The resulting golden-colored corrosion product was found to consist mainly of monosulfides, implying the presence of mackinawite or pyrrhotite. By using electrochemical polarization experiments, it was found that calcium alginate enhanced the rate of corrosion; agarose reduced the rate of corrosion. This is in contrast to previously published literature. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, adding an underlying iron sulfide film did not appreciably alter the measured rate of corrosion. Additionally, it was found that biofilms generated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) enhanced corrosion in a manner similar to the calcium alginate gel, and lysing the cells within the biofilm did nothing to alter this effect. This implies that the biofilm itself, even in the absence of active bacterial metabolic activity, can enhance corrosion rates observed in MIC.
by Kwan Li.
S.M.
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Been, Jantje. "Titanium corrosion in alkaline hydrogen peroxide environments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/NQ34511.pdf.

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Neseyif, S. "Predicting corrosion rates within coal gasification environments." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309623.

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Tunnicliffe, Matthew. "Corrosion of lead anodes in metallic electrowinning environments." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37789.

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The corrosion of anodes in electrowinning is costly because of their relatively short lifespan, material cost, and their impact on cathodic deposit quality. The objective of this thesis was to understand the corrosion behavior of Pb anodes in electrolyte simulating Zn and Ni electrowinning conditions. Pb-based alloys have been used because they are cheap, conductive and stable at high potential and low pH. Experiments in this thesis included open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic, and potentiostatic polarizations. The parameters studied include; icorr, Ecorr, slope of the oxygen evolution region and O₂ potential. For Zn electrowinning, variables changes included modifying H₂SO₄, Mn²⁺, Cl⁻, Zn²⁺ concentrations and increasing temperature. The best corrosion resistance in Zn electrowinning was achieved by increasing H₂SO₄ concentration, using 15 g/L Mn²⁺, 0 g/L Cl⁻, and increasing both Zn²⁺ temperature. Corrosion products were studied using SEM and EDX and the relationship between surface morphology of the working electrode and operating potential. Deaerating the cell reduced the dissolved oxygen in the cell and generally increased icorr, oxygen evolution region slope and OER overpotential. For Ni electrowinning applications, three materials were used as cast PbAg, rolled PbAg, and as cast PbCaSn. The effects of H₂SO₄ and Cl- on corrosion behavior were studied using both potentiodynamic and galvanostatic polarizations. Corrosion rates were determined by measuring the length of the discharge peak after 24 hours galvanostatic polarization and SEM and XRD were used to determine the surface morphology and phase composition of the anodes.
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Glanvill, Sarah Jane Marie. "Atmospheric corrosion of AA2024 in ocean water environments." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8554/.

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Observations of atmospheric corrosion on aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 were made within droplets of NaCl solution and simulated ASTM ocean water. High speed in-situ synchrotron X-ray tomography has been used to observe the initiation and propagation of corrosion sites. Tomographic scans had a temporal resolution of 300s per full tomographic scan, providing a non-destructive visualisation of corrosion. Sites initiate at numerous surface morphologies, including at intermetallic inclusions, under surface deposits and salt crystals, and also at sites with no obvious micron-scale microstructural features. It was observed that corrosion sites grow discontinuously and inhomogeneously when conditions are constant, consistent with bursts of dissolution followed by some repassivation. The nature of corrosion products was investigated with Raman spectroscopy and EDX. The dominant corrosion product was Dawsonite for both droplet solutions, however the distribution of corrosion products differed between the two types of droplet. NaCl droplets spread more, resulting in fewer, larger corrosion sites. ASTM ocean water droplets showed multiple small corrosion sites within the droplet owing to the presence of Hydrotalcite around the droplet perimeter. Corrosion development under wet-dry cycling conditions was different for NaCl and ASTM ocean water droplets. Under NaCl droplets, no growth or initiation was observed during “dry” phases. However, ASTM ocean water remains partially wet in “dry” periods as some of the salt constituents in ASTM ocean water remain hydrated. As a consequence, corrosion site growth is able to continue.
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Gao, Xin. "Localized Corrosion Initiation of Steel in CO2 Environments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1596657895973621.

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Harty, Brian Dudley. "Corrosion fatigue of engineering alloys in aqueous environments." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18215.

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A comparative study of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behaviour of five alloys in air and in aqueous environments has been performed. The alloys tested include: mild steel as a reference material, a corrosion resistant dual phase steel, 3CR12, a proprietary martensitic stainless steel, AISI 431, a newly developed 8% Cr martensitic steel, Alloy 825, and a newly developed corrosion-abrasion resistant metastable austenitic alloy, 1210. Tests were conducted in laboratory air, distilled water at rest potential, 500 ppm chloride solution at rest potential, 1000 ppm chloride solution at rest potential, and 1000 ppm chloride solution at -1200 m V see; solution temperatures were maintained at 25⁰ C. Crack growth rate tests were performed using sinusoidal loading at a load ratio R = 0.1, a frequency of 3Hz in the laboratory air, and a frequency of 1 Hz in the aqueous environments. At the completion of testing, fracture surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope. In air, the mild steel and 3CR12 display comparable rates of cracking and exhibit a greater resistance to fatigue crack propagation than the martensitic AISI 431 and Alloy 825; Alloy 825 shows the least resistance to fatigue crack propagation. The deformation induced transformation in 1210 gives this alloy the greatest resistance to fatigue crack propagation in air. Fatigue crack growth rates were all enhanced in the aqueous environments. The greatest overall rate of environmentally assisted cracking was shown by alloy 825 while the lowest was shown by the mild steel. Although the rate of cracking of 1210 in the aqueous environments was less than that of Alloy 825, 1210 was influenced the most by the aqueous environments. An environmentally assisted cracking index shows that the rate of fatigue crack propagation in 1210 is increased by 32 times in the 500 ppm chloride solution at low stress intensities. The fatigue crack growth rates of mild steel and AISI 431 were significantly influenced by the cathodically polarised conditions in the 1000 ppm chloride solution, compared to the rest potential conditions. In these cases hydrogen was seen to be evolved from the specimen surfaces. Changes in the fatigue crack growth rate behaviour were accompanied by changes in the fracture surface morphologies. The observed changes varied for each alloy and for each environment, and were manifest by the degree of intergranular cracking, cleavage, quasi cleavage, and increased coarseness of the transgranular cracking. The fracture surface morphologies are reported and discussed in detail. In general, the fracture surface morphologies could be directly related to the relative degrees of environmental influence on the rate of cracking; results are explained in terms of existing hypotheses. It is suggested that the environmentally assisted cracking of mild steel and AISI 431 at cathodic potentials in the 1000 ppm chloride solution could only be attributed to hydrogen assisted cracking. Similarly, it is suggested that the large crack growth rate acceleration of 1210 in the aqueous environments could also be attributed to hydrogen. The similar fracture surface morphologies observed on the other specimens after tests in the aqueous environments suggests-that hydrogen could be responsible for the environmentally assisted cracking of all the steels in aqueous environments.
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Morales, Gil Perla. "Exploring corrosion inhibition in acidic and oilfield environments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-corrosion-inhibition-in-acidic-and-oilfield-environments(a08cd84c-fa3a-4378-88dc-f467ac4f8f56).html.

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The goal of this thesis is to probe the functionality of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) as corrosion inhibitor of carbon-steel in both strong and weak aqueous acidic solutions (HCl and H2CO3). To achieve this target electrochemical techniques have been employed, in combination with substrate analysis. Concerning aqueous HCl media, results demonstrate that MBI is an effective corrosion inhibitor, functioning essentially equally well in 1 M, 0.1 M, and 0.01 M HCl concentrations. X-ray photoelectron spectra suggest that MBI is typically bound to the surface in two tautomeric forms (thione and thiol). Furthermore, these data indicate that substrate termination varies as a function of both HCl and MBI concentration, with the interface consisting of MBI bound to film-free carbon-steel on highly inhibited substrates. In further work, the impact of dissolved oxygen, solution temperature, and immersion time on MBI performance in HCl solutions has been assessed. The latter two parameters have considerable influence on MBI inhibition efficiency. More specifically, it was found that MBI decreases dramatically its inhibition efficiency between 60°C and 70°C in 1 M HCl, and also apparently work less well as substrate immersion time increases. As regards MBI performance in deaerated CO2-saturated NaCl (0.62 M) solution, results demonstrate that MBI effectively inhibits corrosion within the parameter space explored i.e. solution temperatures of 30°C and 55°C and total applied pressures (p(H2O) + p(CO2)) of 1 bar and 20 bar. The performance of MBI does not vary greatly for different combinations of these temperatures and pressures. Post immersion substrate characterisation with XRD and SEM indicate that no significant surface scaling occurs under these conditions.
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Sutton, Jeremy. "Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of steels in mono- and hyper-baric environments." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241029.

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Books on the topic "Corrosion in plant environments"

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Mäkelä, Kari. Development of techniques for electrochemical studies in power plant environments. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2000.

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Isaacson, A. E. Determining corrosion rates in industrial ore grinding environments. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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Dean, SW, GH-D. Delgadillo, and JB Bushman, eds. Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environments. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1399-eb.

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Durability design of concrete structures in severe environments. London: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Day, A. D. Plant nutrients in desert environments. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Plant breeding for stress environments. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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Day, Arden D., and Kenneth L. Ludeke. Plant Nutrients in Desert Environments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77652-6.

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Coupe, P. J. Corrosion of low alloy steels in sour environments. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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Francis, PE, and TS Lee, eds. The Use of Synthetic Environments for Corrosion Testing. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp970-eb.

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Plant breeding for water-limited environments. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Corrosion in plant environments"

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Licina, George, and Dilip Dedhia. "Balance of Plant Corrosion Issues in Aging Nuclear Power Plants." In 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, 1023–34. Hoboken, New Jersey, Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118456835.ch104.

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Licina, George, and Dilip Dedhia. "Balance of Plant Corrosion Issues in Aging Nuclear Power Plants." In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems — Water Reactors, 1023–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48760-1_62.

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Bradford, Samuel A. "Corrosion in Major Environments." In Corrosion Control, 131–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8845-6_7.

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Kellman, Martin C. "Plant environments." In Plant Geography, 48–75. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003391104-5.

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Thompson, Rocky H., and W. R. Bill Kassen. "Corrosion Control and Lay-up of the Crystal River-3 Steam Generators and Secondary Plant during an Extended Outage." In Ninth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, 649–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787618.ch67.

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Zhang, Xiaoge Gregory. "Corrosion in Other Environments." In Corrosion and Electrochemistry of Zinc, 393–407. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9877-7_15.

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Staehle, R. W. "Lifetime Prediction of Materials in Environments." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 31–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch4.

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Groysman, A. "Corrosion in Natural and Industrial Environments." In Corrosion for Everybody, 109–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3477-9_3.

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Pedrotti, Franco. "Mapping Environments." In Plant and Vegetation Mapping, 261–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30235-0_14.

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"Weld Corrosion in Specific Industries and Environments." In Corrosion of Weldments, 177–202. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cw.t51820177.

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Abstract This chapter reviews weld corrosion in three key application areas: petroleum refining and petrochemical operations, boiling water reactor piping systems, and components used in pulp and paper plants. The discussion of each area addresses general design and service characteristics, types of weld corrosion issues, and prevention or mitigation strategies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Corrosion in plant environments"

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Belakshe, Ravikant, and Lalit Salgaonkar. "Application of Plant Extract for Inhibiting Corrosion in Acidic Environments." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169637-ms.

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Ai, Zhibin, Xuedong Chen, Zhichao Fan, and Rongrong Li. "Failure Analysis Cases of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Complex Media Environments." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28687.

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The phenomenon of stress corrosion cracking extensively exists in equipments and pipelines of process plants due to aggravated tendency of raw materials to poor quality, especially in complex media environment, the factors causing stress corrosion cracking are very complex, sometimes a certain medium plays a dominating role, sometimes several kinds of media act together, and sometimes the actions of some media change to each other in different periods. In this paper, the laws of competition, promotion or suppression among multiple mechanisms upon stress corrosion cracking due to multiple causes are described through failure analysis of stress corrosion cracking accident cases such as cracking of inner wall cladding of cyclone separator for coal chemical plant, explosion of gasification furnace for coal chemical plant, etc., and analysis and judgment methods of their dominating mechanisms, influential laws of secondary mechanisms and preventive measures are proposed.
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Lee, Shang-Hsiu, and Marco J. Castaldi. "High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Different Commercial Alloys Under Various Corrosive Environments." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3220.

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High temperature corrosion is a major operating problem because it results in unscheduled shutdowns in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants and accounts for a significant fraction of the total operating cost of WTE plants. Due to the heterogeneous nature of municipal solid waste (MSW) fuel and the presence of aggressive elements such as sulfur and chlorine, WTE plants have higher corrosion rates than coal-fired power plants which operate at higher temperature. To reduce corrosion rates while maximizing the heat recovery efficiency has long been a critical task for WTE operators. Past researchers focused on high temperature corrosion mechanisms and have identified important factors which affect the corrosion rate [1–4]. Also, there have been many laboratory tests seeking to classify the effects of these corrosion factors. However, many tests were performed under isothermal conditions where temperatures of flue gas and metal surface were the same and did not incorporate the synergistic effect of the thermal gradient between environment (flue gas) and metal surface. This paper presents a corrosion resistance test using an apparatus that can maintain a well controlled thermal gradient between the environment and the surface of the metals tested for corrosion resistance. Two commercial substrates (steels SA213-T11 and NSSER-4) were tested under different corrosive environments. The post-test investigation consisted of mass loss measurement of tested coupons, observation of cross-sectional morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis of corrosion products by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The stainless steel NSSER-4 showed good corrosion resistance within the metal temperature range of 500 °C to 630 °C. The alloy steel SA213-T11 had an acceptable corrosion resistance at metal temperatures up to 540 °C, and the performance decreased dramatically at higher temperatures.
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Binshi, X., L. Shican, M. A. Shining, and Z. Zhenxue. "High Velocity Arc Spray–Superior Surface Anti-Corrosion Technology." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1039.

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Abstract This paper discusses the principles of high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) and its use in surface engineering. It also reviews applications in marine environments and power plant boiler pipes, where HVAS coatings provide corrosion protection.
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Agboola, O., O. S. I. Fayomi, A. T. Adegbola, L. Moropeng, and S. E. Sani. "Short overview on the mitigation of corrosion in coal gasification plant." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES21Gr. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092508.

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Platts, Norman, David R. Tice, Alexandra Panteli, and Sam Cruchley. "Effect of Hold Periods on the Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Austenitic Stainless Steels in LWR Coolant Environments." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65787.

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Laboratory tests on austenitic stainless steel in simulated light water reactor (LWR) coolant environments have been shown to give rise to significant environmental enhancements of fatigue crack growth, especially at low cycling frequencies. The impact of LWR environments on fatigue crack growth has recently been codified in ASME code Case N-809 in terms of parameters such as rise time, stress intensity factor and load ratio. However, plant performance suggests that the application of these predicted environmental effects using current assessment procedures may be unduly pessimistic. This has led to significant number of studies of waveform shape (specifically hold periods) on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation in austenitic stainless steels in LWR environments. The main emphasis of this work addresses the ability of hold periods to cause retardation of environmental crack growth rates. There has been substantial variability in results of these studies with some authors reporting significant retardation whilst others have failed to observe retardation, or even reported additional environmental enhancement of crack growth rates for nominally similar loading waveforms. Although some of the variability may be accounted for in terms of material composition, there remains a considerable uncertainty both on the impact of holds, especially at different positions in the waveform, and the manner in which hold periods should be taken into account in plant assessments (e.g. in assessment procedures such as N-809). The current paper provides a critical review of published data on the effect of hold periods on corrosion fatigue in LWR environments as well as presenting new targeted data generation and analysis in order to rationalise the reported observations.
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alghanim, Abdullaziz Abdullah. "Corrosion Mitigation Using Nonmetallic Piping for In-Plant Hydrocarbon Service." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207636-ms.

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Abstract The underground hydrocarbon metallic lines are usually subjected to severe corrosion due to several reasons such as high water table in the area and due to intermittent bi-directional crude service or similar environmental factors. To meet the challenge, non-metallic underground crude transfer lines may be considered to carry oil from/to the bulk storage sites. Since there are not many non-metallic applications in HC services, it may become a challenge to get the necessary approvals from the various stake holders in terms of concerns for asset integrity and the costs. This report details the conversion of metallic crude pipeline application to a non-metallic one. Normally, the in-kind replacement will involve an internally coated CS line to reduce corrosion rate. However, engineering studies and assessments reveal that there are greater economic benefits when adapting to a non-metallic counterpart. For a generic case, hydraulics on a 1.7km crude transfer line with 48" diameter and the intermittent crude service revealed that 36" non-metallic version could do the job with less installation costs as minimal site activities will be required and there will be no requirements of non-destructive tests (NDT). Only a service test following the installation may be necessary to prove the operational integrity. Cost comparisons showed a 28% less project cost in using the non-metallic pipeline while meeting all other application requirements. The introduction of non-metallic line would take away the problem of the external and internal corrosion from the equation. Especially in the aging facilities where fatigue becomes an issue, the carbon steel line always requires additional maintenance activities and there was always a chance to develop an underground pin hole. Therefore, an extensive inspection program had its own costs to maintain the line. With the non-metallic pipe usage, not only the construction costs can be lowered but it could avoid major inspection and maintenance program costs. The Nonmetallic line is considered low to maintenance free, and additional long-term savings are expected. This application opens the door for the utilization of nonmetallic material in plant hydrocarbon processes. And given the size considered of this line (36 inches), this allows for further consideration to install nonmetallic piping on a wide range of applications. Also, non-metallics are especially effective for sluggish or intermittent flows and areas with high water table to avoid all sorts of erosion and corrosion issues internally due to process conditions or externally due to environmental conditions.
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Li, Guangfu, Liang Zhao, and Xinghong Yang. "Corrosion Susceptibility in High Temperature Liquid/Vapor Environments of Materials for Tubing of Heavy-Water Collection System in CANDU Nuclear Power Plant." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67218.

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Corrosion especially pitting on the inner surface was regarded as the first step of the failure process of 316L and 304L stainless steel tubes of heavy-water collection systems in CANDU reactors of a power plant. In this work, four materials including the 316L, 304L, carbon steel A106B and Ni-based Alloy 690 were tested in 14 designed liquid/vapor LiOH-containing environments at both 250 and 150°C, to obtain basic information on the corrosion susceptibilities as a function of temperature, media state, Cl− and Li+ contents, for materials selection. Results showed that the corrosion susceptibility rank were A106B at the top, 690 at the bottom and the stainless steels between them. The corrosion susceptibility was lower in a liquid solution than in the vapor above the liquid, and was relatively lower at 150°C than at 250°C for the same media. Chloride promoted corrosion significantly but LiOH showed some protect effect. In the Cl-free solutions at 150°C, A106B exhibited almost no corrosion in the liquid but localized corrosion in the vapor above. It corroded apparently when adding 3%NaCl into the solution or raising temperature to 250°C. The stainless steels showed no corrosion in both the liquid and vapor states of Cl-free solutions at both 150 and 250°C, but exhibiting pitting in the vapor when 3%NaCl added to the solution. 690 always exhibited excellent corrosion resistance during long term tests in various environments.
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Caprarescu, Simona, Violeta Purcar, Cristina Modrogan, Adina Alexandra Scarlat, and Luminita Barbu. "NATURAL AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROOT PLANT AS GREEN INHIBITOR FOR CARBON STEEL CORROSION IN SEAWATER." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development institute for Industrial Ecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2021.ab26.

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Ghafouri-Azar, Reza, and San S. Ho. "Analysis of Corrosion Fatigue for the Deaerator Heater Tanks in Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61280.

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Throughout the world, failures of deaerators and associated storage vessels in thermal power plants have been reported. In 2004 a through wall crack was discovered at one of the Ontario Power Generation (OPG) thermal stations raising whether CANDU nuclear plant deaerators are at risk to similar failure mechanisms. The cause of cracking in the thermal plant was identified as corrosion fatigue cracking. The cracking area of the DA heater tank in the plant was located at the vicinity of the weld connecting the splash plate to the vessel wall. This plate divides the vessel into two compartments. The upper compartment of the tank is filled with condensate water coming from Low Pressure (LP) Heaters. The lower compartment contains steam fed by the LP turbine. In addition, condensate spray nozzles are mounted on this plate. To analyze this phenomenon and assess its potential risk for the nuclear plants, a Finite Element model of the DA heater tank cross section was created. Using the design conditions and operating transients measured during DA cycling, stress and fatigue analyses for the area susceptible for corrosion fatigue cracking were carried out. The criteria of ASME Sec VIII, Div. 2 were used for the analysis. It was concluded that CANDU nuclear plant deaerators are not susceptible to corrosion fatigue cracking during their life cycles because of their low operating cycles and less harsh working environment.
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Reports on the topic "Corrosion in plant environments"

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Telander, M. R., and R. E. Westerman. Hydrogen generation by metal corrosion in simulated Waste Isolation Pilot Plant environments. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/461274.

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Telander, M. R., and R. E. Westerman. Hydrogen generation by metal corrosion in simulated Waste Isolation Pilot Plant environments. Progress report for the period November 1989 through December 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189324.

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Villamil, Julie, Caique Lara, Anthony Abrahao, Aparna Arvelli, Guilherme Daldegan, Sharif Sarker, and Dwayne McDaniel. Development of a Pipe Crawler Inspection Tool for Fossil Energy Power Plants. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009772.

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Fossil fuel power plants are complex systems containing multiple components that create extreme environments for the purpose of extracting usable energy. Failures in the system can lead to increased down time for the plant, reduction of power and significant cost for repairs. In the past, inspections and maintenance of the plant's superheater tubes has been predominantly manual, laborious, and extremely time consuming. This is due to the pipe's small diameter size (between 1.3 and 7.6 cm) and the coiled structure of the tubing. In addition, the tubes are often stacked close to each other, limiting access for external inspection. Detection of pipe degradation, such as increased levels of corrosion, creep, and the formation of micro-cracks is possible using standard non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods, including ultrasonic, radiography and electromagnetic methods. However, when the access to the sub-systems is limited or the configuration of the structure is prohibitive, alternative methods are needed for deploying the NDE tools. This research effort considers a novel robotic inspection system for the evaluation of small pipes found in typical boiler superheaters that have limited access. The pipe crawler system is an internal inspection device that can potentially navigate through the entire pipe length using linear actuators to grip the walls and inch along the pipe. The modular nature of the system allows it to traverse through straight sections and multiple 90-degree and 180-degree bends. The crawler is also capable of providing visual inspections, ultrasonic thickness measurements, and generating inner diameter surface maps using LiDAR (light detection and ranging). Ultimately, the development of this robotic inspection tool can provide information regarding the structural integrity of key pipeline components in fossil fuel power plants that are not easily accessible
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Ilgen, Anastasia Gennadyevna, Charles R. Bryan, Stephanie Teich-McGoldrick, Ernest Hardin, and J. Clarity. DPC materials and corrosion environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1162055.

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Heiser, J. H., and P. Soo. Corrosion of barrier materials in seawater environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/125170.

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Scully, John R. Corrosion of Cellular Metals in Marine Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458584.

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Kukacka, L., and T. Sugama. Materials studies for preventing corrosion in condensing environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5325563.

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Natesan, K. Corrosion performance of iron aluminides in fossil energy environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330686.

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Anderko, Andrzej, Peiming Wang, Robert D. Young, Douglas P. Riemer, Patrice McKenzie, Malgorzata M. Lencka, Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, and Peter Angelini. Prediction of Corrosion of Alloys in Mixed-Solvent Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811533.

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Roy, A. K., and R. D. McCright. Pitting corrosion of container materials in anticipated repository environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/202339.

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