Academic literature on the topic 'Corrosion inhibitors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Corrosion inhibitors"
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Savitri, Erna Noor, Putut Marwoto, and Sunyoto Eko Nugroho. "The Effectiveness of a Combination of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia.), Lerak (Sapindus rarak) and Jasmine Flower (Jasminum nudiflorum) Extracts as and Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.6364.
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Corrosion can also be defined as the forced destruction of metal by the surrounding medium which is usually a liquid (corrosive agent). Corrosion prevention processes can be carried out, including by coating the metal surface, cathodic protection, adding corrosion inhibitors and so on. Several types of inhibitors that have been widely used in industrial applications are synthetic chemical inhibitors. However, the compounds of inhibitors are environmentally unfriendly, toxic and expensive. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly alternative corrosion inhibitor or better known as a green inhibitor. This research aims to test the effectiveness of using a combination of lime (Citrus aurantifolia.), Lerak (Sapindus rarak) and jasmine flower (Jasminum nudiflorum) extracts as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. The results obtained were inhibitors in the form of a combination which were added to the corrosive medium HCl which could reduce the rate of aluminum corrosion. This research also shows that time and concentration influence the corrosion rate. A higher concentration (200 ppm) has a greater inhibitory power than a concentration of 100 ppm. The best inhibitory power is found in 200 ppm inhibitor with a soaking time of 20 minutes
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Flores-Garcia, N. S., C. D. Arrieta-Gonzalez, J. J. Ramos-Hernandez, G. K. Pedraza-Basulto, J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. Porcayo-Calderon, and L. Martinez-Gomez. "Rare Earth-Based Compounds as Inhibitors of Hot-Corrosion Induced by Vanadium Salts." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 3796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223796.
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In this study, the performance evaluation of lanthanum compounds as corrosion inhibitors of vanadium salts was performed. The inhibitors tested were lanthanum acetate and La2O3. The performance of the inhibitors was tested using sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) as a corrosive medium at 700, 800, and 900 °C. The corrosion inhibitory effect was evaluated on the corrosion process of 304H stainless steel. The corrosion rate of the steel was determined by the mass loss technique after 100 h of immersion in the corrosive salt with and without the addition of the corrosion inhibitor. The results show that lanthanum compounds act as corrosion inhibitors of vanadium salts. The inhibitory effect increases by increasing the concentration and tends to decrease when increasing the test temperature. Lanthanum compounds act as excellent corrosion inhibitors due to their ability to stabilize vanadium cations. Vanadium is stabilized by forming a new compound, lanthanum vanadate (LaVO4), with a melting point much higher than the compounds formed when Mg or Ni compounds are used as corrosion inhibitors.
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Pletnev, Mikhail. "Carbon nanocomposites in the corrosion inhibition." E3S Web of Conferences 225 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122505002.
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Metal-carbon nanocomposites have been investigated as additives to enhance the protective effect of corrosion inhibitors. Two inhibitors were used as corrosion inhibitors. Inhibitor VNH-L-113 (1-morpholinomethylcyclohexylamine) belongs to Schiff bases, which are known as corrosion inhibitors in neutral and acidic media. Inhibitor SNPKh-1004 is often used in the practice of corrosion protection in the oil and gas industry. For research, an electrochemical method was applied using corrosion rate meters of the Monicor type. Neutral aqueous solution and water simulating the corrosive environment of oil fields were chosen as corrosive media. The result shows, that the copper-carbon nanocomposite enhances the protective effect of corrosion inhibitors of various chemical nature in various corrosive environments. The studies carried out make it possible to consider the use of metal-carbon nanocomposites as a promising direction for increasing the effectiveness of inhibitors in the oil and gas industry.
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Desai, Pradnya D., Chetan B. Pawar, Madhavi S. Avhad, and Aarti P. More. "Corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel: A review." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202200111.
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AbstractCorrosion inhibitors are one of the practical and cost‐effective way of preventing and inhibiting corrosion. An inhibitor's primary function includes creating a barrier by forming one or more molecular layers to protect against corrosive attacks. Organic molecules are one of the most popular, efficient, and practical corrosion inhibitors, and all studies demonstrate that organic compounds, preferentially those containing nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), and oxygen (O), have high inhibitory efficiency. Also, corrosion inhibitors include inorganic compounds. Since inorganic and organic inhibitors are both toxic and expensive; emphasis is being placed on developing green corrosion inhibitors as well as on modification of inhibitors. We are focusing on carbon steel (CS) substrate in this review as it is the first‐line material and is widely employed in various industrial applications. Whereas corrosion resistance of CSs in acidic environments is a constantly evolving topic, working on better performance of CSs as more cost‐effective alternatives to other alloys.
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Jasim, Haider Hadi, Read Abd Al-Hussain, and Ahmed Shawqi Sadeq. "Evaluation the Efficiency of Various Types of Corrosion Inhibitors Used for Basrah Water Storage Tanks." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, no. 3 (November 21, 2020): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23030267.
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In this paper, the efficiency of six different types of corrosion inhibitors used in Basrah drinking water tanks was assessed using a potentiostatic test method. The mechanism of adsorption of silicate and phosphate inhibitors in AISI 316 stainless steel surfaces and the effects of different water components in inhibitors are discussed in detail. The values of corrosion rate obtained from the Potentiostatic test showed that the protection against corrosion in the presence of inhibitors is better compared to the case of absence of inhibitors. The results of the six types of corrosion inhibitors tested showed that the inhibitory efficacy is higher below the temperatures 45oC, but when raise the temperature above 45oC the inhibitory efficiency becomes to decrease. Also, the test results indicated that the corrosion inhibitor involves silicate products provided more inhibited efficiency compared to the phosphate inhibitor alone or used the combined silicate/phosphate corrosion inhibitor. The inspection of the surface of the tested samples using optical methods shows that the pitting corrosion is demonstrated on the specimen surfaces after testing with or without inhibitors.
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Reyes-Dorantes, E., J. Zuñiga-Díaz, A. Quinto-Hernandez, J. Porcayo-Calderon, J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, and L. Martinez-Gomez. "Fatty Amides from Crude Rice Bran Oil as Green Corrosion Inhibitors." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2871034.
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Due to its high oil content, this research proposes the use of an agroindustrial byproduct (rice bran) as a sustainable option for the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors. From the crude rice bran oil, the synthesis of fatty amide-type corrosion inhibitors was carried out. The corrosion inhibitory capacity of the fatty amides was evaluated on an API X-70 steel using electrochemical techniques such as real-time corrosion monitoring and potentiodynamic polarization curves. As a corrosive medium, a CO2-saturated solution (3.5% NaCl) was used at three temperatures (30, 50, and 70°C) and different concentrations of inhibitor (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm). The results demonstrate that the sustainable use of agroindustrial byproducts is a good alternative to the synthesis of environmentally friendly inhibitors with high corrosion inhibition efficiencies.
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Asmara, Yuli Panca, Firda Herlina, and Agus Geter Edy Sutjipto. "Selection of Inhibitor and Recent Advances in Enhancing Corrosion Prevention." Defect and Diffusion Forum 431 (February 6, 2024): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ivxj7u.
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Corrosion inhibitors are substances that protect metal surfaces by forming a protective film to prevent metallic materials in contact with corrosive environments. Inhibitors are created with capability to adsorb onto the metal surface, creating a barrier film, or neutralizing the detrimental effects of corrosive substances. Their performance are evaluated based on the ability in reducing corrosion rate. Traditionally, corrosion inhibitors made of chemical synthetic compounds. But as synthetic inhibitors have environmental impact, researchers are starting to explore compound alternatives. Currently, inhibitor technologies have demonstrated a remarkable growth in performance marked by the discovery of new types of inhibitors. Ongoing research are focusing on self-healing inhibitor, eco-friendly inhibitor, and nanostructured compounds inhibitors. This paper will comprehensively address the current challenges of advanced corrosion inhibitors. From the investigation, it has been noticed that application of innovative technologies has led to a transformative impact in producing with significant enhancement in their overall performance capabilities.
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Bahtiti, Nawal H., and Ibrahim Abdel-Rahaman. "Anti-Corrosive Effect of Jordanian-Bay- Leaves Aqueous Extract on Mild Steel in 1.0 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (June 11, 2021): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.59.
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Natural inhibitors are the most crucial manner to lessen the corrosion price of various business metals. There are several strategies being used with corrosion inhibitors. One technique being used is the Electrochemical strategies. The gain with this technique is their brief size time and mechanistic information. It is beneficial in the corrosion's layout safety techniques besides the layout of the brand new inhibitors, there are 3 styles of corrosion inhibitors as anodic inhibitors, cathodic inhibitors, over one inhibitor. The corrosion inhibition of slight metallic in 1.0 M HCl solution with the aid of using Jordanian -Bay- leaves extract has been studied with the use of potentiodynamic polarization technique. Results received a display that Bay- leaves aqueous extract behaves as an anodic inhibitor for slight metallic in 1.0 M HCl solution. The inhibitor capabilities thru adsorption following Temkin adsorption isotherm. The impact of parameters like temperature and inhibitor awareness at the corrosion of slight metallic has additionally been studied.
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Scepanovic, Jelena, Bojana Zindovic, Dragan Radonjic, Marijana Pantovic-Pavlovic, and Miroslav Pavlovic. "Influence of organic/inorganic inhibitors on AISI 304 (1.4301) and AISI 314 (1.4841) steels corrosion kinetics in nitric acid solution." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc240514076s.
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This study evaluates the effectiveness of KMnO4, MK3, and 1-butanol inhibitors on corrosion of AISI 314 and AISI 304 stainless steels using linear and potentiodynamic polarization in 0.1 M HNO3. Metrics like corrosion potential (Ecorr), current density (jcorr) and polarization resistance (Rp) assessed inhibitor efficacy. The inhibitors improved electrochemical parameters significantly, indicating strong anti-corrosive properties. 1-Butanol had the most profound effect, enhancing corrosion potential and drastically reducing corrosion current density, demonstrating superior protection. Results indicated that without inhibitors, both steels showed higher corrosion rates and more negative potentials, reflecting their susceptibility to corrosion. The introduction of inhibitors markedly improved these parameters, particularly with 1-butanol, which significantly enhanced polarization resistance and shifted corrosion potential towards less negative values. Potentiodynamic results highlighted the dynamic effectiveness of inhibitors, reinforcing their role in mitigating corrosion under varied conditions. The study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate inhibitors to enhance the durability and longevity of stainless steels in acidic environments, with 1-butanol showing potential for industrial applications requiring high corrosion resistance. This necessitates comprehensive testing to accurately measure inhibitor capabilities in different conditions.
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Ade, Suraj B. "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Different Acid Medium by Using Various Acidic Groups of Organic Compounds." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40288.
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Abstract: Benzoic acid, salicylic acid, Anthranilic acid, 2- Nitro benzoic acid, 2- Chlorobenzoic acid compounds containing acidic group as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel was investigated. The study revealed that the various group such as (- COOH, OH, Cl and –NO2) containing in organic compounds has an inhibitory action on the corrosion of carbon steel in the investigated medium. Corrosion rate of mild steel was studied using chemical weight loss method at room temperature. This research paper presents use of carboxylic group organic compounds as corrosion inhibitors for metals in 0.1N, 0.01N and 0.001N (HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4) acidic medium. A common mechanism for inhibiting corrosion involves formation of a coating, often a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal. Organic corrosion inhibitors adsorb on the surface to form protective film, which displace water and protect it against deteriorating. Effective organic corrosion inhibitors contain nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and phosphorus with lone electron pairs as well can contain structural moieties with π-electrons that interact with metal favouring the adsorption process. This review presents mechanisms and monitoring of corrosion, laboratory methods for corrosion study, relationship between structure and efficacy of corrosion inhibitions, theoretical approach to design new inhibitors and some aspects of corrosion. Keywords: Corrosion, Inhibition, carbon steel, Weight loss and acidic group (-COOH, OH, -Cl and –NO2) group containing organic compounds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corrosion inhibitors"
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Tan, Swee Hain. "Organic corrosion inhibitors." Thesis, Tan, Swee Hain (1991) Organic corrosion inhibitors. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/333/.
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The overall aims of this thesis were to conduct a broad survey of possible organic corrosion inhibitors in near-neutral chloride solutions and to elucidate the mechanisms of such action.
Altogether, 130 organic compounds were studied as possible corrosion inhibitors for pure iron, mild steel, copper and aluminium in aerated near-neutral (pH = 8.4) solutions containing 500 ppm NaCl and 100 ppm NaHCO, conditions often encountered in water-based automotive engine coolants. Inhibitor behaviour was investigated using steady-state electrochemical techniques including polarisation curves, Stern-Geary and corrosion potential (Em,) measurements. The organic compounds examined were found to be highly specific in their inhibitive action toward the metals studied. Typical examples of highly effective corrosion inhibitors were: sebacate and octanoate for pure iron; oleate and sebacate for mild steel; benzotriazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole for copper; and laurate and oleate for aluminium. E, was found to provide a rapid and convenient screening test for evaluating the inhibitor performance of organic compounds toward pure iron, mild steel and aluminium but was less useful for copper.
Good organic inhibitors were found to act as anodic inhibitors toward pure iron and mild steel but as anodic or mixed-type inhibitors toward copper. For aluminium, the majority of the compounds studied were found to act as anodic inhibitors. However,However, it was also found that only pit initiation was inhibited, i.e. existing pits were not prevented from developing. Optical microscopy of pitted aluminium surfaces indicated their nature varied considerably with inhibition efficiency. The role of complex formation in organic corrosion inhibitors was found to vary with the metal. Complexation of either iron(I1) or iron(II1) ions was found to have an insignificant effect on mild steel. The corrosion rate of copper was found to increase with the copper(LI) complex stability, thus indicating complex formation to be the rate-determining step. For aluminium, the observed effects were found to depend on complex stability. For weak to moderate complexants, inhibitor efficiency (measured as E,,) increased with increasing complexation. However, very strong complexing agents were sufficiently stable to dissolve the aluminium oxide surface, leading to poor inhibition. Aluminium pit morphology was found, using scanning electron microscopy, to change from hemispherical in the uninhibited solution to irregular in the presence of complexing inhibitors. No simple relationships between inhibitor efficiency and molecular structure were found. However, carbon chain length, the nature of functional group(s) and their location in the molecule were found to be important but varied according to the metal.
The inhibiting ability of sebacate (a straight chain C, dicarboxylate) was found not to be compromised by water movement (stirring) or pre-existing corrosion product layers. Immersion tests showed that passive film formation on mild steel in sebacate solution involved two stages and was complete only after -100 h immersion.
The ion selective properties of several iron(II1) carboxylates and hydrated iron(II1) oxide films were studied by membrane potential measurements in neutral sodium chloride solutions. Some specimens were also studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy. These results show that dicarboxylates are good inhibitors toward mild steel because they form impermeable films. Poor inhibitor performance is associated with the anion selectivity of the film which in turn appears to be related to the film purity. A model is suggested for the inhibition mechanism of mild steel corrosion by dicarboxylates in aerated near-neutral chloride solutions.
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Tan, Swee Hain. "Organic corrosion inhibitors." Murdoch University, 1991. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060818.150145.
Full textAbstract:
The overall aims of this thesis were to conduct a broad survey of possible organic
corrosion inhibitors in near-neutral chloride solutions and to elucidate the
mechanisms of such action.
Altogether, 130 organic compounds were studied as possible corrosion inhibitors for
pure iron, mild steel, copper and aluminium in aerated near-neutral (pH = 8.4)
solutions containing 500 ppm NaCl and 100 ppm NaHCO,, conditions often
encountered in water-based automotive engine coolants. Inhibitor behaviour was
investigated using steady-state electrochemical techniques including polarisation
curves, Stern-Geary and corrosion potential (Em,) measurements.
The organic compounds examined were found to be highly specific in their
inhibitive action toward the metals studied. Typical examples of highly effective
corrosion inhibitors were: sebacate and octanoate for pure iron; oleate and sebacate
for mild steel; benzotriazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole for copper; and laurate
and oleate for aluminium.
E, was found to provide a rapid and convenient screening test for evaluating the
inhibitor performance of organic compounds toward pure iron, mild steel and
aluminium but was less useful for copper.
Good organic inhibitors were found to act as anodic inhibitors toward pure iron and
mild steel but as anodic or mixed-type inhibitors toward copper. For aluminium,
the majority of the compounds studied were found to act as anodic inhibitors.
However,However, it was also found that only pit initiation was inhibited, i.e. existing pits
were not prevented from developing. Optical microscopy of pitted aluminium
surfaces indicated their nature varied considerably with inhibition efficiency.
The role of complex formation in organic corrosion inhibitors was found to vary
with the metal. Complexation of either iron(I1) or iron(II1) ions was found to have
an insignificant effect on mild steel. The corrosion rate of copper was found to
increase with the copper(LI) complex stability, thus indicating complex formation to
be the rate-determining step. For aluminium, the observed effects were found to
depend on complex stability. For weak to moderate complexants, inhibitor
efficiency (measured as E,,) increased with increasing complexation. However, very
strong complexing agents were sufficiently stable to dissolve the aluminium oxide
surface, leading to poor inhibition. Aluminium pit morphology was found, using
scanning electron microscopy, to change from hemispherical in the uninhibited
solution to irregular in the presence of complexing inhibitors.
No simple relationships between inhibitor efficiency and molecular structure were
found. However, carbon chain length, the nature of functional group(s) and their
location in the molecule were found to be important but varied according to the
metal.
The inhibiting ability of sebacate (a straight chain C, dicarboxylate) was found not
to be compromised by water movement (stirring) or pre-existing corrosion product
layers. Immersion tests showed that passive film formation on mild steel in
sebacate solution involved two stages and was complete only after -100 h
immersion.
The ion selective properties of several iron(II1) carboxylates and hydrated iron(II1)
oxide films were studied by membrane potential measurements in neutral sodium
chloride solutions. Some specimens were also studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy.
These results show that dicarboxylates are good inhibitors toward mild steel because
they form impermeable films. Poor inhibitor performance is associated with the
anion selectivity of the film which in turn appears to be related to the film purity.
A model is suggested for the inhibition mechanism of mild steel corrosion by
dicarboxylates in aerated near-neutral chloride solutions.
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El, Moaty Ibrahim S. "Surfactant properties of corrosion inhibitors." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5807.
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Corrosion is one of the most common, costly and widespread industrial problems in the oil and gas production industry. Surfactant addition is one of many ways to inhibit the corrosion of metals, especially on hard-to-reach surfaces such as the inside of a pipe through which fluid is flowing. The application of small quantities of an inhibitor to production fluids is the most cost-effective method for imparting corrosion protection to a system. Despite the popularity of surfactants as corrosion inhibitors, their actual behaviour inside a pipeline is not well understood. The homologous alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides CnBDMAC series is one of the most common corrosion inhibitors used in the oil industry. This thesis addresses some of the surfactant properties of these corrosion inhibitors which are not studied in detail (or often ignored) through electrochemical studies. Firstly, the adsorption behaviour of these corrosion inhibitors at the air-water interface was investigated as a function of the alkyl chain length, temperature and the concentration of the added electrolyte. The surfactant chain length and brine addition were found to have a great influence on the adsorption behaviour and hence on the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Secondly, the ability of CnBDMAC corrosion inhibitors to stabilize both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions and the phase inversion of the emulsions as the inhibitor structure, temperature, electrolyte concentration and oil type change has been studied. The partitioning behaviour of C16BDMAC between an aqueous brine phase and an oil phase has been investigated as well as a function of electrolyte concentration. Studying the adsorption behaviour of surfactant corrosion inhibitors at solid-liquid interfaces provides important information about their action mechanism, which in turn helps in improving their efficiency. The adsorption behaviour of CnBDMAC molecules has been studied as a function of the surfactant chain length, temperature and electrolyte concentration using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) technique. The QCM technique provides an effective, easy to setup and quick in-situ monitoring method for studying qualitatively the adsorption of surfactants at the solid-liquid interface. However, the determined adsorption isotherms were found to overestimate the amount of surfactant adsorbed. Therefore, the depletion method has been used to study the adsorption characteristics of CnBDMAC onto a stainless steel powder. Pipes used in oilfields for crude oil transportation are mainly made of mild steel. Accordingly, it is crucial to understand the adsorption behaviour of these corrosion inhibitors onto the mild steel surface. The effect of surfactant structure, temperature and electrolyte concentration on the adsorption behaviour of CnBDMAC onto mild steel particles using the depletion method has been investigated. In addition, the depletion method has been used to study the adsorption of CnBDMAC onto sand which is one of the main corrosion inhibitor consuming-solids encountered naturally in the oilfield. The adsorption studies performed revealed that these inhibitors have a strong affinity for sand particles, particularly at low temperatures and diluted inhibitor concentrations. Finally, the corrosion inhibition performance of hexadecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (C16BDMAC) corrosion inhibitor has been investigated through the linear polarisation resistance technique as a function of the added sand amount. A model has been proposed and applied successfully to determine the percentage decrease in the corrosion inhibition efficiency of C16BDMAC with changes in the amount of sand added.
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Balaskas, Andronikos. "Corrosion protection by encapsulated inhibitors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corrosion-protection-by-encapsulated-inhibitors(6295df0b-7ae9-4e8f-957b-2f9468740cb8).html.
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This work, within EPSRC LATEST2 (Light Alloys Towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport 2) Programme Grant, is focused on the development of environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors, nanocontainers loaded with inhibitors and epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of the aerospace alloy AA 2024-T3. More specifically, the electrochemical techniques of image assisted electrochemical noise, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, split-cell technique and potentiodynamic polarization were used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation and characterization of environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors on AA 2024-T3. Scanning electron microscopy observations complemented the electrochemical measurements. It was found that the organic inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzothiazole provides excellent corrosion inhibition properties to AA 2024-T3 in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. Among the tested nitrates, cerium nitrate provides the best inhibition performance. The concentration of the nitrate salt is critical in determining the corrosion protection. An excessive concentration of nitrate ions results in the dissolution of copper-containing oxides, increasing the corrosion rate. Different types of core-shell structured nanocontainers were synthesised with the methods of distillation precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization and sol-gel. The nanocontainers were characterized by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy observations. The corrosion inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was encapsulated into the nanocontainers. The encapsulation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray analysis mapping micrographs from transmission electron microscopy measurements. Epoxy coatings with nanocontainers loaded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole were applied on AA 2024-T3 for protection against corrosion. The corrosion protection properties of the coatings were evaluated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that epoxy coatings provide excellent barrier properties to AA 2024-T3 in the demanding environment of 3.5% sodium chloride solution with low frequency impedance values more than 1 GOhm cm2 for over 4000 hours of testing. Coatings containing nanocontainers loaded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole tested with an artificial scribe revealed protection of the AA 2024-T3 substrate in the scribed area, decrease of the anodic delamination in the early hours and decrease number of cathodic dark areas after long immersion time. Overall, epoxy coatings with encapsulated inhibitors can be considered as a promising system for potential replacement of hexavalent chromium treatments on aerospace alloy AA 2024-T3.
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Elliott, David. "Corrosion inhibitors for load-bearing steels." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303645.
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Vuong, J. C. T. "Natural corrosion inhibitors for stainless steel." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539460.
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Smith, G. A. W. "Design of environmentally-acceptable corrosion inhibitors." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593457.
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The first class of compounds investigated was the benzimidazoles. They are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and have a low toxicity towards human and animal life, therefore, they are potentially suitable for use in a marine environment. These compounds have been reported to have some, although limited, use as corrosion inhibitors. With the aid of a molecular modelling package several benzimidazole molecules were functionalised to resemble the known inhibitor disodium sebacate. Satisfactory corrosion inhibiting properties were found for these compounds. The second compound to be investigated was Westvaco Diacid. It is a biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable natural resource, derived from the paper pulping process. It was found that by chemically altering its structure its corrosion inhibiting properties could be increased. The third source of potential corrosion inhibitor which was investigated was rapeseed oil. Again it is a non-toxic, renewable natural resource, consisting of the triglycerides of a mixture of fatty acids. Rapeseed oil was chemically modified, the products were not as potent corrosion inhibitors for mild steel as the previous classes of compound that were described. The corrosion inhibiting properties of the products which had been synthesised were tested by the weight loss method, on mild steel coupons, over a twenty day period, in distilled water and 10-3M potassium chloride solution. Examples of each class of compound showed no bactericidal activity when tested against sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB's). With the exception of the rapeseed oil derivative, all of the above compounds were tested for their corrosion inhibiting properties at high temperatures (80oC). Again the corrosion inhibiting properties were determined by the weight loss method, on mild steel coupons, in both distilled water and 10-3M potassium chloride solution.
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Peggs, Lee James. "Electrochemical studies of iron corrosion inhibitors." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285364.
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Rylands, Thaabit. "Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete : the effectiveness of organic corrosion inhibitors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9946.
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Includes bibliographical references.Reinforcement corrosion in concrete has presented engineers with the challenge of finding ways of prolonging the service life of structures built in aggressive environments. One method of increasing the durability of concrete in aggressive environments is the use of corrosion inhibitors. In this work, two organic corrosion inhibitors were tested to observe their effectiveness in decreasing the rate of corrosion or delaying the onset of corrosion. One of the inhibitors was a migrating corrosion inhibitor while the other was an admixed inhibitor. The corrosion rate of reinforcement in concrete specimens used in this evaluation, was measured using the Linear Polarisation Resistance method. The performance of the admixed inhibitor was also measured in aqueous phase tests. Results of the tests conducted indicate that the admixed inhibitor does delay the onset of corrosion. The Mel caused short to medium term inhibition when the chloride concentration was less than 1.5%.
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Yasakau, Kiryl. "Active corrosion protection of AA2024 by sol-gel coatings with corrosion inhibitors." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3724.
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Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de MateriaisA indústria aeronáutica utiliza ligas de alumínio de alta resistência para o fabrico dos elementos estruturais dos aviões. As ligas usadas possuem excelentes propriedades mecânicas mas apresentam simultaneamente uma grande tendência para a corrosão. Por esta razão essas ligas necessitam de protecção anticorrosiva eficaz para poderem ser utilizadas com segurança. Até à data, os sistemas anticorrosivos mais eficazes para ligas de alumínio contêm crómio hexavalente na sua composição, sejam pré-tratamentos, camadas de conversão ou pigmentos anticorrosivos. O reconhecimento dos efeitos carcinogénicos do crómio hexavalente levou ao aparecimento de legislação banindo o uso desta forma de crómio pela indústria. Esta decisão trouxe a necessidade de encontrar alternativas ambientalmente inócuas mas igualmente eficazes. O principal objectivo do presente trabalho é o desenvolvimento de prétratamentos anticorrosivos activos para a liga de alumínio 2024, baseados em revestimentos híbridos produzidos pelo método sol-gel. Estes revestimentos deverão possuir boa aderência ao substrato metálico, boas propriedades barreira e capacidade anticorrosiva activa. A protecção activa pode ser alcançada através da incorporação de inibidores anticorrosivos no prétratamento. O objectivo foi atingido através de uma sucessão de etapas. Primeiro investigou-se em detalhe a corrosão localizada (por picada) da liga de alumínio 2024. Os resultados obtidos permitiram uma melhor compreensão da susceptibilidade desta liga a processos de corrosão localizada. Estudaram-se também vários possíveis inibidores de corrosão usando técnicas electroquímicas e microestruturais. Numa segunda etapa desenvolveram-se revestimentos anticorrosivos híbridos orgânico-inorgânico baseados no método sol-gel. Compostos derivados de titania e zirconia foram combinados com siloxanos organofuncionais a fim de obter-se boa aderência entre o revestimento e o substrato metálico assim como boas propriedades barreira. Testes industriais mostraram que estes novos revestimentos são compatíveis com os esquemas de pintura convencionais actualmente em uso. A estabilidade e o prazo de validade das formulações foram optimizados modificando a temperatura de armazenamento e a quantidade de água usada durante a síntese. As formulações sol-gel foram dopadas com os inibidores seleccionados durante a primeira etapa e as propriedades anticorrosivas passivas e activas dos revestimentos obtidos foram estudadas numa terceira etapa do trabalho. Os resultados comprovam a influência dos inibidores nas propriedades anticorrosivas dos revestimentos sol-gel. Em alguns casos a acção activa dos inibidores combinou-se com a protecção passiva dada pelo revestimento mas noutros casos terá ocorrido interacção química entre o inibidor e a matriz de sol-gel, de onde resultou a perda de propriedades protectoras do sistema combinado. Atendendo aos problemas provocados pela adição directa dos inibidores na formulação sol-gel procurou-se, numa quarta etapa, formas alternativas de incorporação. Na primeira, produziu-se uma camada de titania nanoporosa na superfície da liga metálica que serviu de reservatório para os inibidores. O revestimento sol-gel foi aplicado por cima da camada nanoporosa. Os inibidores armazenados nos poros actuam quando o substrato fica exposto ao ambiente agressivo. Numa segunda, os inibidores foram armazenados em nano-reservatórios de sílica ou em nanoargilas (halloysite), os quais foram revestidos por polielectrólitos montados camada a camada. A terceira alternativa consistiu no uso de nano-fios de molibdato de cério amorfo como inibidores anticorrosivos nanoparticulados. Os nano-reservatórios foram incorporados durante a síntese do sol-gel. Qualquer das abordagens permitiu eliminar o efeito negativo do inibidor sobre a estabilidade da matriz do sol-gel. Os revestimentos sol-gel desenvolvidos neste trabalho apresentaram protecção anticorrosiva activa e capacidade de auto-reparação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram o elevado potencial destes revestimentos para a protecção anticorrosiva da liga de alumínio 2024.
The aerospace industry employs high strength aluminum alloys as a constructional material for aircrafts. Aluminum alloys possess advanced mechanical requirements, though suffer from corrosion. Therefore, corrosion protection is always used for aluminum alloys. Up to now the most effective corrosion protection systems include chromium (VI) as the main constituent of pretreatments and corrosion inhibitive pigments. However, the chromates are strongly carcinogenic and the present health regulations banned the use of Cr (VI) containing materials in industry. Consequently, there is a need for environmentally safe corrosion protection systems. The main objective of the present work is the development of active anticorrosion pre-treatments for 2024 aluminum alloy on the basis of hybrid sol-gel layers. The effective corrosion pre-treatment should confer adequate adhesion together with good barrier properties and active corrosion protection ability. The active corrosion protection can be achieved by introducing the corrosion inhibitors in the pre-treatment. Successful fulfilment of the main objective required accomplishing of different stages of the work. At first the localized corrosion of AA2024 was investigated in detail. The obtained results provide better understanding of the intimate aspects of the corrosion susceptibility of AA2024. Different prospective corrosion inhibitors were investigated using electrochemical and microstructural methods. At the second stage the development of hybrid sol-gel coatings was performed. Titania and zirconia based derivatives were combined with organofunctional silanes in order to provide the enhanced adhesion between the metal and the coating and to confer good barrier properties. Industrial tests show that the developed sol-gel coatings are compatible with common organic protection systems. The stability and life time of the sol-gel formulations were also optimized by changing the storage temperature and the amount of water during the synthesis. Sol-gel systems were doped with the selected corrosion inhibitors and studied from the point of view of passive and active corrosion protective properties at the third stage of the work. The results demonstrate the influence of the inhibitive additives on the corrosion performance of the sol-gel coatings. Some inhibitors can provide active corrosion protection in combination with the sol-gel coating, but some chemically interact with the sol-gel matrix resulting in failure of the protective properties of coatings. New approaches of inhibitor incorporation and delivery were used in the fourth stage of the work due to problems associated with the direct introduction of inhibitors in the sol-gels. A nanoporous titania-based pre-layer applied directly to the alloy was employed for storage and release of inhibitors. Nanocontainers of corrosion inhibitors based on silica and halloysite nanoclay with Layer-by- Layer assembled polyelectrolyte shells were used in the second approach. Amorphous cerium molybdate nanowires have been used as corrosion inhibitor nanoparticles in the third approach. During the sol-gel synthesis these nanocontainers were added to impart active corrosion protective properties of the sol-gel coatings. Using these approaches the negative effect of inhibitor on the sol-gel matrix stability was eliminated. The developed sol-gel pretreatments demonstrate important active corrosion protection and self-healing ability. The obtained results show high potential of the developed hybrid sol-gel pretreatment doped with corrosion inhibitors for the corrosion protection of AA2024.
FCT; FSE - SFRH/BD/25469/2005
Books on the topic "Corrosion inhibitors"
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Innes, George L. Corrosion inhibitors. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1999.
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Donald, Saxman, and Business Communications Co, eds. Corrosion inhibitors. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1993.
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Baumgartner, William G. Corrosion inhibitors. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1997.
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Sastri, V. S. Green Corrosion Inhibitors. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118015438.
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Irene, Ash, ed. Handbook of corrosion inhibitors. 2nd ed. Endicott, N.Y: Synapse Information Resources, 2011.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., ed. Electrochemical studies of corrosion inhibitors. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.
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Sastri, V. S. Corrosion inhibitors: Principles and applications. Chichester: Wiley, 1998.
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Flick, Ernest W. Corrosion inhibitors: An industrial guide. Park Ridge, N.J: Noyes Publications, 1987.
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Verma, Chandrabhan. Handbook of Heterocyclic Corrosion Inhibitors. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003377016.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Corrosion inhibitors"
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Bradford, Samuel A. "Corrosion Inhibitors." In Corrosion Control, 235–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8845-6_11.
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Papavinasam, S. "Corrosion Inhibitors." In Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, 1021–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872864.ch71.
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Andreatta, F., and L. Fedrizzi. "Corrosion Inhibitors." In Active Protective Coatings, 59–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7540-3_4.
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McCafferty, E. "Corrosion Inhibitors." In Introduction to Corrosion Science, 357–402. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0455-3_12.
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Sanni, Omotayo, Kingsley Ukoba, Jianwei Ren, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Corrosion Inhibitors." In Sustainable Corrosion Inhibition Using Agricultural Waste, 21–35. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003441151-2.
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Nasab, Shima Ghanavati, Abolfazl Semnani, Mehdi Javaheran Yazd, Homa Kahkesh, Navid Rabiee, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, and Mohammad Rabiee. "Fruits as Corrosion Inhibitors in Corrosive Environments." In Natural Corrosion Inhibitors, 41–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79629-6_5.
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Nasab, Shima Ghanavati, Abolfazl Semnani, Mehdi Javaheran Yazd, Homa Kahkesh, Navid Rabiee, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, and Mohammad Rabiee. "A Journey to the Natural Corrosion Inhibitors in Corrosive Environments." In Natural Corrosion Inhibitors, 57–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79629-6_7.
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Nasab, Shima Ghanavati, Abolfazl Semnani, Mehdi Javaheran Yazd, Homa Kahkesh, Navid Rabiee, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, and Mohammad Rabiee. "Corrosion Inhibitors: Fundamental Concepts." In Natural Corrosion Inhibitors, 3–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79629-6_2.
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Gan, Manguang. "Corrosion Control (III): Corrosion Inhibitors." In Engineering Materials, 111–30. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2392-2_7.
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Zheng, Xingwen, and Lei Guo. "Plant Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitors." In Corrosion Science, 291–332. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003328513-10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Corrosion inhibitors"
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Ng, Jun Hong Clarence, Tariq Almubarak, and Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din. "Seed Extracts as Natural, Green, Non-Toxic Corrosion Inhibitors." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200935-ms.
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Abstract Acid treatments are commonly used in the oilfield to remove inorganic scale or to stimulate formatio ns. These treatments typically consist of using hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid, formic acid, or chelating agents. At elevated temperatures, these acids are highly corrosive and can cause severe damage to tubulars as well as downhole equipment. To reduce damage from these acids, corrosion inhibitors are added to the treatment solution. Corrosion inhibitors used in the oil and gas industry are typically quaternary amines or sulfur-containing compounds. These compounds adsorb to the surface of the metal, thereby reducing contact between the metal surface and the corrosive substance. However, these corrosion inhibitors are damaging to the environment and harmful to human health. Alternative new environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors are also either toxic to the human body or face performance limitations at higher temperature field applications. To develop new environmentally friendly and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors for high-temperature applications, 15 edible seeds were tested as alternative sources of corrosion inhibitors. In order to determine the inhibition effect of 15 different seeds, N-80 and S13Cr coupons were exposed to 15 wt.% HCl solutions at temperatures between 77-250°F with 2 wt.% of grounded seed added for 6 hours. In addition, a control solution containing no corrosion inhibitor was used to establish a corrosion rate for a base case. This paper will show the results of such seeds and attempt to provide an awareness of natural seeds extract for use as corrosion inhibitors in conjunction with well acid treatments. It was noted that out of the 15 seeds, seeds 1 and 2 were found to perform the best at these conditions, exhibiting more than 90% corrosion inhibition efficiency. Seed 4 was observed to perform the worst, exhibiting only 16.8% inhibition efficiency. At 150°F, 2 wt.% of seeds 1 and 2 were tested with seed 1 achieving a corrosion rate of 0.00253 lb/ft2 while seed 2 was unable to provide sufficient inhibition with a corrosion rate of 0.153 lb/ft2. The control solution was found to have a corrosion rate of 0.371 lb/ft2 over the 6 hours at 150°F. Seed 1 was further tested at 200°F with the addition of corrosion inhibitor intensifiers and resulted in a corrosion rate of 0.00087 lb/ft2, while at 250°F, a corrosion rate of 0.00811 lb/ft2 was observed. The tests using S13Cr also showed that seed 1 worked well as a corrosion inhibitor for CRAs. The thermal degradation of seed 1 was also examined using NMR. These results show a new naturally occurring, green, non-toxic, high-temperature applicable corrosion inhibitor that can be developed from edible seeds.
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Sintoorahat, Patchareeporn, Aree Wairatpanich, Suchada Chimam, Dayin Mongkholkhajornsilp, and Cheolho Kang. "Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors at High CO2 Pressures." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64114.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two corrosion inhibitors (CI-A and CI-B) under conditions similar to the second PTT’s offshore pipeline. The experiments were carried out in flow-loop system, 36 m long, 10.16 cm diameter at 10.5 and 14 bar of carbon dioxide pressure, a temperature at 50°C. The performances of corrosion inhibitors were examined under conditions of superficial liquid velocity of 0.03 m/s and gas velocities of 6, 8 and 10 m/s in 0 and 3 degree inclinations using the ER probe and X65 weight-loss coupons for corrosion rate measurement at the top and bottom of pipe. According to flow characteristics, it was found that the smooth and wavy stratified flow occurred in 0 degree. For 3 degree inclination, wavy stratified flow with big waves was dominantly presented for all conditions. Corrosion inhibitor B showed a better performance than inhibitor A in all cases. For inhibitor B, the target corrosion rates of less than 0.1 mm/yr were achieved in all conditions with 50 ppm of inhibitor concentration whereas the amount of 75 ppm inhibitor concentration was required for CI-A. The color, turbidity, and emulsion tendency with corrosion inhibitors will be also discussed in this paper.
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Ayan, Mohd, Aaditya Garg, Rohit Sharma, Shilpi Agarwal, and Barasha Deka. "Examining the Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel Pipelines with Bio-Corrosion Inhibitors in Sub-Sea Environments." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/222133-ms.
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Abstract This paper embarks on an extensive investigation into the corrosion behavior of carbon steel pipelines across aqueous environments. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bio-corrosion inhibitors, specifically focusing on beetroot powder doped with NaNO2, in bolstering the durability of these pipelines. The study encompasses a multifaceted analysis, including quantification of corrosion rates, and assessment of the inhibitor's impact on pipelines in various sub-sea fluid conditions. The combination of beetroot with NaNO2 presents a promising avenue for corrosion inhibition, aligning with sustainability goals and offering a potential solution to enhance pipeline longevity. The research methodology employs immersion experiments with carbon steel samples to scrutinize their response across seawater environments. Bio-corrosion inhibitors are rigorously tested in aqueous samples using a wet immersion technique, wherein a solution of beetroot powder doped with NaNO2 is prepared. Experiments are meticulously conducted utilizing a 4 wt./volume % NaCl solution, with the churned beetroot powder doped with NaNO2 at varying loadings, typically ranging between 18% to 64%. The resulting inhibitor doped samples were tested through FTIR analysis and microscopic analysis, in order to understand the changes in the corrosion environment, and finally the corrosion measurement calculations, corrosion rate calculations and inhibition efficiencies were calculated. The experimental findings unveil a substantial reduction in corrosion rates, particularly notable in seawater conditions (NaCl solution), where the combination of beetroot powder and NaNO2 demonstrates superior effectiveness. Visual observations compliments the significant decrease in corrosion by 47.2 wt.% with the utilization of the bio-corrosion inhibitor blend. This innovative approach not only offers a practical and environmentally friendly strategy for corrosion prevention in pipelines but also underscores the potential of organic inhibitors in mitigating corrosion challenges. This study contributes novel insights into the efficacy of bio-corrosion inhibitors, shedding light on the synergistic effects of beetroot powder with NaNO2 in combating corrosion in carbon steel pipelines. The presence of organic compounds in beetroot, coupled with the corrosion inhibition properties of NaNO2, enhances the protective capabilities against corrosion, thus showcasing the potential of natural substances in corrosion management. Understanding the performance of bio-corrosion inhibitors across diverse environmental conditions is pivotal in devising tailored strategies to optimize pipeline durability and ensure reliable operation in varying contexts.
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Selim, Hatem, Baha Suleiman, Alaaeldin Dawood, Pierre Montagne, Sundar Amancherla, and Abdurrahman Khalidi. "Water-Based Yttrium Additive for Hot Corrosion Inhibition in a Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-127690.
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Abstract Hot corrosion is a major problem for operating gas turbines running on vanadium-laden liquid fuels. Upon combustion, vanadium combines with oxygen forming vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) which is highly corrosive and has a melting point below the hot gas path (HGP) operating temperature. This causes V2O5 to melt down and attack the HGP parts in what is known as hot corrosion. To mitigate the potential for hot corrosion of vanadium on gas turbine parts, a corrosion inhibitor is typically injected with the fuel. The role of the corrosion inhibitor is to chemically react with V2O5 to form non-corrosive chemical molecules, which appear as “ash”. Magnesium-based inhibitors are commonly used in gas turbine applications. However, a high volume of ash accumulates on turbine blades causing degradation of the turbine performance. A promising alterative, which is a yttrium-based inhibitor, was tested and compared with magnesium-based inhibitor in this investigation. Laboratory-scale testing of ash formation and corrosion inhibition were conducted for both inhibitors. The results proved that yttrium inhibitor achieved superior performance in comparison to magnesium inhibitor in terms of less ash formation and higher hot corrosion resistance. Furthermore, both inhibitors were tested in an E-class gas turbine pilot test. The acquired performance data confirmed the superiority of yttrium as an inhibitor in comparison to magnesium.
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Amabuo, Collins, Virtue Urunwo Wachikwu-Elechi, and Sunday Sunday Ikiensikimama. "Corrosion Inhibition Using Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract for Mild Steel in an Acidic Medium." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221765-ms.
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Abstract One significant problem constantly associated with the oil and gas production system is corrosion. As water is an integral part of this system, corrosion among the piping is inevitable. Corrosion tends to disintegrate the piping substance, making it fragile and easy to rupture. The disintegrated parts of the piping could block the system, causing a decline in pressure and contaminating the fluid. Essentially, industries use inhibitors to retard corrosion, and generally, these inhibitors are toxic and exhibit carcinogenic properties. However, these vital inhibitors are still being used in small quantities due to probably non-availability or Sufficient, natural-based corrosion inhibitors. Accordingly, the current study describes the potential of using Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract as a potential natural corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), an acidic medium with a molarity of 12.178M diluted with distilled water. The method of assessment used in this study is the Weight Loss Method. The effectiveness of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract was characterized in terms of metal weight loss and inhibitory efficiency compared to the Conventional inhibitor Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate. Results showed the optimum inhibition efficiency (IE) for mild steel using the same volumes and concentrations for the natural and conventional corrosion inhibitors: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5g/L. The inhibition efficiency of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis was higher than the Disodium hydrogen Phosphate at concentrations of 0.3g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.9g/L, and 1.2g/L, 1.5g/L. At the same time, after the analysis during the 14-day interval. The commercial inhibitor performed the least in all the concentrations. Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis and Disodium hydrogen Phosphate attained a maximum inhibition efficiency of 93.72% and 39.24%, respectively, during the 14 days. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with immersion time. In addition, the inhibition efficiency shows that the Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract is more effective after 14 days in the different contractions and volumes. The natural inhibitor performed far better than the conventional inhibitor (Disodium hydrogen Phosphate) used to test.
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Papavinasam, S., and R. W. Revie. "Inhibitor Selection for Internal Corrosion Control of Pipelines." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2027.
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Addition of inhibitors can provide a cost-effective method for controlling internal corrosion of pipelines. To select appropriate inhibitors and their concentrations, several laboratory experiments are usually performed. Test methodologies to evaluate inhibitors for a particular field should be carried out to simulate the conditions in the pipeline. Because several interacting parameters influence corrosion, and hence inhibitor performance, simulation of field operating conditions in the laboratory is often difficult. In this paper, user-friendly software to optimize the laboratory experimental conditions to simulate field operating conditions is discussed. The merits of the program in selecting commercial inhibitors and in designing cost-effective inhibitors for future application are described.
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Ng, Jun Hong Clarence, Tariq Almubarak, and Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din. "Stems as Natural, Green, Non-Toxic Corrosion Inhibitors." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202113-ms.
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Abstract Corrosion during acid treatments causes severe damage to the tubulars and downhole equipment. Consequently, this leads to an increase in expenditure to maintain well production rates and well integrity. NACE estimates the cost of corrosion costs to be roughly 1.372 billion USD annually to the industry, making corrosion control extremely important. Therefore, corrosion inhibitors must be included in any acid treatment formulation. This work aims to develop environmentally friendly and non-toxic corrosion inhibitors that can work in the harsh oilfield conditions. Samples of 10 different stems were tested as sources of potential corrosion inhibitors. To determine the inhibition effectiveness of the different samples, N-80 coupons were exposed to 15 wt% HCl solutions at temperatures between 77-200 °F with 2 wt% of each sample for 6 hours. In addition, a control solution containing no corrosion inhibitor was used to establish a corrosion rate for a base case. At a concentration of 2 wt%, sample 1, 2, and 3 were found to perform the best, exhibiting 94.4% to 99.9% corrosion inhibition efficiency at 77°F. Sample 8 was observed to perform the worst with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 57.3%. At 150°F, the corrosion rate of sample 1 was found to be 0.0275 lb/ft2, while that of sample 2 was 0.0171 lb/ft2. At this temperature, sample 3 did not perform well, exhibiting a corrosion rate of 0.155 lb/ft2 and thus was not tested at higher temperatures. At 200°F, the addition of a corrosion inhibitor intensifier resulted in a corrosion rate of 0.0136 lb/ft2 for sample 1 and 0.00878 lb/ft2 for sample 2. These results show that a naturally occurring, green, non-toxic corrosion inhibitor can be developed from these stems and can comfortably pass the industry requirement for low carbon steel. Currently used corrosion inhibitors are associated with environmental concerns and severe health risks. Recent developments in corrosion inhibition technology successfully tackled the environmental concerns, but still faces issues with toxicity and performance at high temperatures. The results in this work share two new naturally occurring, green, non-toxic, high-temperature stable corrosion inhibitors that can be developed from stems and can successfully protect the tubular during acid treatments.
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Zaid, Gene H., and Donald W. Sanders. "Binary Corrosion Inhibitors Offer Improved Corrosion Control." In SPE Western Regional/AAPG Pacific Section Joint Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/83481-ms.
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Martin, Richard L. "Unusual Oilfield Corrosion Inhibitors." In International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/80219-ms.
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Mills, Douglas J., Joshua Zatland, and Nicola M. Everitt. "Experience Using Electrochemical Noise for Testing Green Corrosion Inhibitors." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205475-ms.
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Abstract ‘Green’ corrosion inhibitors derived from plant materials provide environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors. They are also much cheaper if using a biomass waste stream or abundant plant material as the source material. There are many examples in literature of different trials, from henna leaves to celery seeds to banana peel. Although it is known that extracts contain electron-rich polar atoms such as N, O, S and P which make them potentially effective inhibitors, it is difficult to predict on a molecular basis what will work well and what will not, since many interacting factors may be at play in complementary interactions. To assist in predicting the inhibition efficiency of inhibitors under varying conditions and choosing the most effective, what is needed is a short-term test which will obviate the need for tedious weight loss experiments. The Electrochemical Noise Method (ENM) uses the natural fluctuations which arise during electrochemical activity to gain information about the corrosion process. Using ENM is quick and non-intrusive method which makes it ideal for screening. Hence a rig has been designed and manufactured which allows for measurement to be made in stirred as well as static conditions and minimises the occurrence of crevice corrosion at the electrodes. Crevice corrosion is a hazard for ENM electrodes when trying to make a comparison with corrosion inhibition calculated using the standard weight loss measurement after immersion (WLM) method. For these preliminary trials we are exploring corrosion of mild steel in HCl in both stirred and unstirred conditions at room temperature. Results are presented comparing ENM measurements with conventional WLM for both Propargyl Alcohol (a conventional industrial corrosion inhibitor) and broccoli extract. Our results suggest that stirring does not make any difference to the noise measured in ENM. The amount of material lost calculated by ENM and WLM (Rn and weight loss values) can be directly compared and show close comparison. It seems likely that as a way of assessing inhibitors quickly (which is particularly important in the testing of "green" inhibitors) that this ENM approach has a lot to offer.
Reports on the topic "Corrosion inhibitors"
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Biddle, T. B., and W. H. Edwards. Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors as Lubricity Improvers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198743.
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Sikes, C. S. Polypeptide Inhibitors of Mineral Scaling and Corrosion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241543.
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Hobbs, D. T. Strategic Research: In-Tank Generation of Corrosion Inhibitors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799378.
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Frankel, Gerald S., Rudolph G. Buchheit, Mark Jaworowski, and Greg Swain. Scientific Understanding of Non-Chromated Corrosion Inhibitors Function. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582500.
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Shukla, Pavan, Xihua He, Osvaldo Pensado, and Andrew Nordquist. PR-015-153602-R01 Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors Effectiveness for Tank Bottom Plate Corrosion Control. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011485.
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Soil side corrosion of the above ground storage tanks bottoms is a major challenge for the midstream operators owning tanks farms. In North America subcontinent, a large fraction of tanks are installed with an active cathodic protection (CP) system to protect the tank bottom from corrosion. However, CP systems could fail, and sometime even with the CP system, corrosion can occur. In addition, several tanks without CP system could experience elevated corrosion including pitting corrosion. Vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) are being promoted as alternative corrosion control measures in addition to the CP. This study was conducted to determine whether the VCIs are effective in mitigating corrosion to a level comparable to a working CP for tank bottoms, what is the best way to monitor efficacy of VCIs, and whether the VCIs compatible with CP or not. Extensive amount of laboratory scale and limited field testing was conducted. Both laboratory and field data were rigorously analyzed. It was found that the VCIs are effective in mitigating corrosion when vendor specific recommended dosages are used, and the electrical-resistance based corrosion rate monitoring technique does show the effect of VCIs. Regarding VCI and CP compatibility, VCIs indirectly affect the CP as exposure of tank bottom steel to VCIs change its native potential which in turn changes the CP current demand. Overall, VCIs were found to be a viable alternative corrosion control measure.
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Striebich, Richard C. Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Conductivity of Aviation Turbine Fuel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb100948.
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Shukla, Pavan, Andrew Nordquist, Roderick Fuentes, and Bruce Wiersma. PR644-183611-R01 Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors Effectiveness for Tank Bottom Plate Corrosion Control - Phase 2. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012231.
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Soil-side corrosion control is a major challenge for Aboveground Storage Tank (AST) operators. Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors (VCIs) are increasingly being used as an additional corrosion control mitigation tool. A PRCI-sponsored Phase 1 study established baseline performance and evaluated monitoring methods for the VCIs. One focus of this study included VCIs' performance comparison with effective cathodic protection (CP) systems. The investigation concluded that VCIs' corrosion mitigation performance is equivalent to that of an effective CP system. This study also evaluated tank bottom corrosion monitoring tools, investigated VCIs' migration behavior, determined VCIs performance in the presence of high levels of chlorides and bacterial activity, and evaluated VCI delivery methods considering tank pad conditions. This study concluded that mass-loss coupons installed a few inches below the tank bottom generally agree with tank floor inspection data, thus either bonded or unbonded mass-loss coupons could be used as one of the corrosion monitoring tools to assess tank pad corrosivity. The experimental work on VCI migration showed that VCIs migrate quickly through a sand environment. Thus, VCIs should provide corrosion mitigation coverage to an AST tank bottom soon after their delivery. The experimental work also showed that VCI performance is robust and not compromised in the presence of either high chloride levels or bacterial activity. Finally, the through-the-floor VCI delivery method is more efficient compared to the through-the-sandpad when tank pad corrosivity is elevated. Related webinar
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Frankel, Gerald S. Mechanism of Al Alloy Corrosion and the Role of Chromate Inhibitors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399114.
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Obrien, Ivette Z. Biotransformation Potential and Uncoupling Behavior of Common Benzotriazole-Based Corrosion Inhibitors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414450.
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Bessee, Gary B. Effects of Various Corrosion Inhibitors/Lubricity (CI/LI) on Fuel Filtration Performance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada483759.
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