Relevant bibliographies by topics / Corrosion protection; Offshore structures

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Corrosion protection; Offshore structures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Corrosion protection; Offshore structures"

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Ramachandra Murthy, D. S., P. Gandhi, and G. Raghava. "Fatigue Life of Cathodically Protected Tubular Joints of Offshore Structures." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829545.

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Steel jacket platforms are widely used for production and processing of oil from offshore fields. Tubular joints of these structures are susceptible to fatigue or corrosion fatigue cracking due to cyclic wave action, stress concentration, and corrosive environment. The submerged part of the structure is cathodically protected against corrosion by fixing sacrificial anodes at various places. The effect of cathodic protection on the fatigue life of tubular joints was studied by conducting fatigue tests on 13 T and Y-joints in air, under free corrosion, and with cathodic protection. The results of the studies are discussed in this paper.
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Mei, Bi Xiang. "Corrosion Protection Design of Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines with Analysis of Material Properties." Advanced Materials Research 703 (June 2013): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.336.

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The paper provides a review about the corrosion ,corrosion protection and material properties of support structures for offshore wind turbines. Firstly, the current state of corrosion protection research on offshore wind turbines is discussed. Secondly, types of the marine corrosion environment, corrosivity categories and material properties are summarized in a systematic way.Finally, practical solutions to the corrosion protection of support structures, including cathodic protection ,coatings and silane impregnation, are discussed.
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Kwan, George H. H. "Corrosion Protection for Ballast Tanks of Arctic Offshore Structures." Marine Technology and SNAME News 27, no. 02 (March 1, 1990): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1990.27.2.101.

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Protecting the ballast tanks of Arctic offshore structures from salt-water corrosion is a time-consuming and costly process involving usually the application of such anti-corrosives as coal tar epoxy. This paper points out the drawbacks of relying on these coatings alone, among them the prohibitive cost and difficulty of dry-docking huge Arctic offshore structures for repainting when the original coating deteriorates or fails. A solution to the problem—cathodic protection via the attachment of aluminum anodes to tank surfaces coated with only a light primer—is described along with the results of a full-scale application on a submersible barge in the U.S. Beaufort Sea.
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Momber, A. "Corrosion and corrosion protection of support structures for offshore wind energy devices (OWEA)." Materials and Corrosion 62, no. 5 (July 13, 2010): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201005691.

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Kuzmin, Yu L., and O. A. Stavitsky. "Electrochemical protection against corrosion for steel bars in reinforced concrete structures exposed to seawater." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 4(96) (January 8, 2019): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-96-4-185-190.

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The paper analyzes ways to ensure long service life (up to 50 years) of reinforced concrete marine structures. It has been established that durability and maintenance-free operation of floating and coastal offshore structures for 50 and more years depend on corrosion of steel reinforcement which could be avoided by applying electrochemical protection. The parameters of electrochemical protection against corrosion of steel fittings are given.
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Sarhadi, Ali, Asger Bech Abrahamsen, and Mathias Stolpe. "Optimal Design of Galvanic Corrosion Protection Systems for Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures." Corrosion 74, no. 7 (March 14, 2018): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2688.

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The current work addresses a mass/cost-optimization procedure for galvanic anode cathodic protection systems based on both cathodic protection (CP) standards and numerical simulation. An approach is developed for optimizing the number and dimensions of the galvanic anodes, distributing the optimized anodes on the support structure, and finally evaluating the protective potential on the structure during the lifetime by using finite element (FE) software. An algorithm based on sequential quadratic programming is used for optimizing the number and dimensions of the anodes. Both simplified and detailed models are suggested for calculating the protective potential on the structure. The simplified model is selected based on its advantages in terms of calculation time and compatibility with DNV standard data. A time-dependent FE model is used to take into account the electrical isolation degradation of the structure coating as well as the mass reduction of the anodes during the CP lifetime. The performance of the proposed optimization process is examined on a mono bucket inspired (with some simplifications) by the Dogger Bank metrological mast in England. The optimized designs for different coating and anode types are compared and the best designs in terms of both cost and protective potential during the lifetime are suggested. The achieved results show that the proposed optimization procedure can reduce the cost of the CP system around 70% compared to the original non-optimized CP design of the Dogger Bank metrological mast. Furthermore, evaluating the time-evolution performance of the CP systems can reduce their lifetime uncertainty.
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Price, Seth, and Rita Figueira. "Corrosion Protection Systems and Fatigue Corrosion in Offshore Wind Structures: Current Status and Future Perspectives." Coatings 7, no. 2 (February 11, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings7020025.

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Maghet, Teodora, Jörg Mährlein, Thomas Wilhelm, Monica Sallai, Susanne Friedrich, Romy Regenspurger, and Ralf Feser. "Thermally Sprayed Coatings as Corrosion Protection for Steel Structures – Influence of the Manufacturing Processes on the Coating Quality." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.171.

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The use of technical construction parts in corrosive environments frequently leads to costly damage and sometimes to a loss of the functionality of the component parts. Particularly to be noted in this regard are steel structures exposed to industrial and maritime weather conditions (e.g. steel towers, tower flanges for the wind energy industry, primarily in coastal and offshore regions, supports and arch parts used in bridge construction, etc.). These require an especially high corrosion resistance.
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Khodabux, Waseem, and Feargal Brennan. "Objective Analysis of Corrosion Pits in Offshore Wind Structures Using Image Processing." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 5428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175428.

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Corrosion in the marine environment is a complex mechanism. One of the most damaging forms of corrosion is pitting corrosion, which is difficult to design and inspect against. In the North Sea, multiple offshore wind structures have been deployed that are corroding from the inside out. One of the most notable corrosion mechanisms observed is pitting corrosion. This study addresses the lack of information both in the literature and the industry standards on the pitting corrosion profile for water depth from coupons deployed in the North Sea. Image processing was therefore conducted to extract the characteristics of the pit, which were defined as pit major length, minor length, area, aspect ratio, and count. The pit depth was measured using a pit gauge and the maximum pit depth was found to be 1.05 mm over 111 days of exposure. The goal of this paper is to provide both deterministic models and a statistical model of pit characteristics for water depth that can be used by wind farm operators and researchers to inform and simulate pits on structures based on the results of a real field experiment. As such, these models highlight the importance of adequate corrosion protection.
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Oryshchenko, A. S., and Yu L. Kuzmin. "Development of electrochemical cathodic protection against corrosion of ships, vessels, and offshore structures." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research 6, no. 6 (November 2015): 612–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s207511331506012x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Corrosion protection; Offshore structures"

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Alamdari, Mikayil. "Corrosion protection and monitoring of off-shore structures." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Oil and gas platforms are confronting a problem of ageing as there are many platforms that were constructed over 40 years ago. Every year, the offshore sector incurs considerable losses due to corrosion. On average, oil and gas companies use 6% of their annual income to fight against corrosion. This all in a short-term has a negative impact on the marine environment and in a long-term endeavour toward sustainable energy encountering difficulties. This thesis presents a novel corrosion inspection method by the implementation of the deep neural network and fuzzy logic models. Fuzzy logic is a suitable mathematical tool for the task since it is capable of handling imprecise information from the real world. The benefit of this approach lies in its ability to include personal experiences and acceptable deterministic models in the calculations. This approach can thus help to reduce the dependence upon the precise data, allow modelling even when a phenomenon is incompletely understood, and lessen the difficulties arising due to the complex computation required by more traditional methods. Moreover, image processing based on algorithms can do the automated inspection of external corrosion phenomena. A complete automated system for corrosion detection in pipelines comprises of a drone to flying over these pipelines and capturing photos and/or videos, and an image based on an algorithm to process these visual data and detect corrosion. The proposed deep learning approach effectively wards off the need for manual inspection and other non-vision based non-destructive evaluation techniques for pipeline corrosion which are cost-ineffective and interrupts the functioning of pipelines. Increased production frequently comes with an unknown cost of the increased rate of material degradation and threatening corrosion failures. Therefore, essential topics as corrosion data management and risk assessment are covered.
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Murray, Brian A. "Hydrodynamic loading due to appurtenances on jacket structures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239242.

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Olowe, Adedayo Christianah. "Corrosion assessment and cathodic protection design parameters for steel structures in deep and ultra deep offshore waters." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201965.

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Carbon steel finds much application for use in industries including civil; manufacturing; oil and gas; as well as, renewable energy. Common examples for usage of steel include water pipelines; oil pipelines; bridges; etc. The main advantages of steel over other engineering materials are its strength and affordability. However, steel undergoes corrosion which is a degradation mechanism that occurs as a result of the electrochemical interaction between steel and its environment. There are two main options to control corrosion, aside from material selection techniques, namely, the use of protective coating systems to isolate the steel from the environment; or the use of cathodic protection. Cathodic protection involves the use of galvanic anodes or impressed current system to prevent steel corrosion. Currently the oil and gas industry accounts for the major share of consumption of galvanic anodes for the protection of steel in engineering applications. Recent incursions into deep water depths by the Oil and Gas industry in the last decade or so has brought to the fore the need to understand better the performance of steel at deep and ultra deep water depths; as well as to develop an understanding of how cathodic protection works at these water depths. So far, the bulk of industry experience lies in shallow waters and current international cathodic protection design guidelines are based on data collated at these shallow water depths. It is the objective of this research work to assess the corrosion properties of steel with deep seawater parameters and determine design current density requirements for effective cathodic protection of steel at deep and ultra deep water depths offshore.
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Alhamalawi, Mazen. "Offshore Wind Power Foundations' Corrosion Protection Strategy : Anlysis remotely controlled corrosion protection system and comparison to traditional corrosion protection of offshore wind foundation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103460.

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När en metall är omgärdad av en elektrolyt, så som havsvatten, kommer det att byggas upp en naturlig potential. Det sker en elektronvandring mellan materialet och havsvattnet och ju större potentialskillnad desto större sannolikhet att metallen kommer korrodera. Korrosion är en stor och viktig fråga för offshorekonstruktioner och byggnader.  För att uppnå en konstruktions designade livslängd kan åtgärder vidtas med hänsyn till kapitalkostnader och drift- och underhållskostnader.  Denna studie syftar till att jämföra ekonomiska för- och nackdelar hos de två korrosionsskyddssystemen Galvanic Anode Corrosion Protection (GACP) och Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) på havsbaserade vindkraftsfundament. Det förstnämnda systemet använder offeranoder och det sistnämnda är ett katodiskt korrosionsskydd med hjälp av påtryckt ström.  Studien bestod av flera steg av litteraturstudier där teori om korrosion och korrosionssystem användes för att till slut kunna jämföra valda korrosionsskyddssystem.  Resultatet visar att GACP har fler fördelar och färre nackdelar än ICCP och skulle därmed vara mer ekonomiskt fördelaktig i marina miljöer. GACP ger också önskad effekt direkt vid installation och behöver inte någon strömkälla, ICCP är mer komplicerat och är inte effektivt förrän hela systemet är monterat och i drift. Dessutom behöver ICCP extra strömkälla samt kablage.
When a metal is surrounded by an electrolyte, such as seawater, a natural potential will be built up. An electron migration between the material and the seawater will happen and the greater the potential difference, the greater the probability that the metal will corrode. Corrosion is an important issue when it comes to offshore structures. In order to achieve a structure designed lifetime, measures can then be taken with regard to capital costs and operating and maintenance costs. This study aims to compare the economic advantages and disadvantages of the two, Galvanic Anode Corrosion Protection (GACP) and Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP), corrosion protection systems on offshore wind power foundations. The first mentioned system uses sacrificial anodes and the second is a cathodic corrosion protection by an applied current. The study consisted of several stages of literature studies where theory of corrosion and corrosion systems was used to finally be able to make a comparison between selected corrosion protection systems. The result shows that GACP has more advantages and fewer disadvantages than ICCP and would thus be more economical. GACP, for example, is efficient during installation and does not need an additional power source, but ICCP is more complicated and not efficient until complete assembly of the entire system and requires additional power source and cables. Right now, there is no design standard available with detailed requirements and advice has been given as for galvanic anodes systems.
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Adedipe, Oyewole. "Integrity of offshore structures." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9692.

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Corrosion and fatigue have been dominant degradation mechanisms in offshore structures, with the combination of the two, known as corrosion fatigue, having amplified effects in structures in the harsh marine environments. Newer types of structure are now being developed for use in highly dynamic, harsh marine environments, particularly for renewable energy applications. However, they have significantly different structural details and design requirements compared to oil and gas structures, due to the magnitude and frequency of operational and environmental loadings acting on the support structures. Therefore, the extent of corrosion assisted fatigue crack growth in these structures needs to be better understood. In this research, fatigue crack growth in S355J2+N steel used for offshore wind monopile fabrications was investigated in air and free corrosion conditions. Tests were conducted on parent, HAZ and weld materials at cyclic load frequencies similar to what is experienced by offshore wind monopile support structures. The seawater used for testing was prepared according to ASTM D1141 specifications and was circulated past the specimens through a purpose designed and built corrosion rig at a rate of 3 l/min, at a temperature of 8-100C and at a pH of 7.78-8.1. A new crack propagation method accompanied by constant amplitude loading was used. Crack growth rates in parent, HAZ and weld materials were significantly accelerated under free corrosion conditions, at all the stress ratios used compared to in air environment. However, in free corrosion conditions, crack growth rates in the parent, HAZ and weld materials were similar, particularly at a lower stress ratio. The results are explained with respect to the interaction of the loading condition, environment and the rate of material removal by corrosion in the weldments. A new model was developed to account for mean stress effects on crack growth rates in air and in seawater, and was found to correlate well with experimental data as well as with the other mean stress models tested.
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Oleiwi, H. M. "Using cathodic protection to control corrosion of reinforced concrete structures." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47895/.

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Cathodic protection (CP) has been increasingly used on reinforced concrete structures to protect steel reinforcement from corrosion. However, due to the complexity of environmental conditions, the specifications in national and international standards are still open to discussion in engineering practices for their accurate suitability. To some extent, the design aspects are still based on practical experience. It implies a great deal of estimations and assumptions. The research conducted in the thesis aims to address some of these challenges. To obtain reliable experimental results, the present study at first investigated the influence of experimental methods on the measurement of concrete electrical resistivity. It studied the effect of alternative current (AC) frequency, electrode materials and electrode configuration. Based on the results, an optimised method was decided for all the series of the experimental tests in this study. The CP study consists of two major works. The first one was to investigate the chloride contaminated concrete exposed to atmospheric condition. Impressed constant current method was adopted for the operation of CP. A series of electrical and electrochemical measurements were conducted for concrete resistivity, corrosion potential, corrosion rate, degree of polarization, instant-off potential and four-hour potential decay. An evaluation on the current adopted criterion in standards has been carried out on the experimental results. The second work was to investigate the corrosion of rebar in concrete specimens submerged (fully and partially) in salty water. For such more corrosive environment, a comparison between the impressed CP operation using constant current and that using constant potential has been conducted. The experiments evaluated the effects of the two major environmental factors, i.e. water and chloride contents, on reinforced concrete durability. The work provided a deep understanding on the electrochemical behaviour of the reinforced concrete system and effectiveness of CP implementation under severe conditions. The research work has an important contribution to fundamental science of corrosion and reinforced concrete deterioration, and the technology and practical application of CP for reinforced concrete structures. The main results of this work indicate the important influence of the frequency and electrode configuration on the electrical resistance measurement. For the reliability of electrical resistivity measurement, a high frequency of 10,000 Hz and an internal carbon fibre electrode method are recommended. Regarding the CP for the chloride contaminated reinforced concrete exposed to the atmosphere, it is suggested that adopting an instant-off potential of -500 mV with respect to Ag/AgCl/0.5KCl reference electrode can provide sufficient protection for the reinforced concrete of up to 0.59 % total chloride by weight of concrete, or concrete resistivity is greater than 6.7 kΩ.cm. Furthermore, it was found that the 100 mV depolarization criterion for the evaluation of CP performance gives an overestimated protection. A depolarization of 50 mV is therefore proposed. In terms of the submerged specimens, the results showed that the water content and chloride content should be explicitly related to the corrosion state rather than through a single parameter of the concrete resistivity for the complicated situations because the water content will affect the oxygen transportation in concrete, and the oxygen availability at the rebar surface will play an important role in the corrosion process, and this is unassessable by concrete resistivity. Moreover, 4 or 24 hours for the 100 mV depolarisation criterion in standards is not applicable for CP assessment where concrete structures are fully submerged due to the low availability of oxygen. On the other hand, the depolarization criterion can be used if the specimens are partially submerged, but different parameters affect the depolarization value such as the magnitude of the applied protection current or potential, chloride concentration, oxygen availability and time of depolarization.
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Batt, C. "Optimising cathodic protection requirements for high strength steels in the marine environment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323886.

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Myers, Peter. "Corrosion fatigue and fracture mechanics of weldable high strength jack up steels." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298428.

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Walsh, Michael Thomas. "Corrosion of Steel in Submerged Concrete Structures." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6048.

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This investigation determined that severe corrosion of steel can occur in the submerged portions of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments. Field studies of decommissioned pilings from actual bridges revealed multiple instances of strong corrosion localization, showing appreciable local loss of steel cross-section. Quantitative understanding of the phenomenon and its causes was developed and articulated in the form of a predictive model. The predictive model output was consistent with both the corrosion rate estimates and the extent of corrosion localization observed in the field observations. The most likely explanation for the observed phenomena that emerged from the understanding and modeling is that cathodic reaction rates under oxygen diffusional limitation that are negligible in cases of uniform corrosion can nevertheless support substantial corrosion rates if the corrosion becomes localized. A dynamic evolution form of the model was created based on the proposition that much of the steel in the submerged concrete zone remained in the passive condition given cathodic prevention that resulted from favorable macrocell coupling with regions of the steel that had experienced corrosion first. The model output also matched observations from the field, supporting the plausibility of the proposed scenario. The modeling also projected that corrosion in the submerged zone could be virtually eliminated via the use of sacrificial anode cathodic protection; the rate of corrosion damage progression in the low elevation zone above water could also be significantly reduced. Continuation work should be conducted to define an alternative to the prevalent limit-state i.e., visible external cracks and spalls, for submerged reinforced concrete structures. Work should also be conducted to determine the possible structural consequences of this form of corrosion and to assess the technical feasibility and cost/benefit aspects of incorporating protective anodes in new pile construction.
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Christodoulou, Christian. "Repair and corrosion management of reinforced concrete structures." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13577.

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The durability of concrete structures is affected by a number of factors such as environmental exposure, electrochemical reactions, mechanical loading, impact damage and others. Of all of these, corrosion of the reinforcement is probably the main cause for the deterioration of steel reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Corrosion management is becoming increasingly necessary as a result of the growing number of ageing infrastructure assets (e.g. bridges, tunnels etc.) and the increased requirement for unplanned maintenance in order to keep these structures operational throughout their design life (and commonly, beyond). The main RC repair, refurbishment and rehabilitation approaches generally employed can be broadly categorised under a) conventional, b) surface treatments, c) electrochemical treatments and d) design solutions. The overarching aim of this research was to identify the key corrosion management techniques and undertake empirical investigations focused on full-scale RC structures to investigate their long-term performance. To achieve this, individual research packages were identified from the above broad five approaches for repair, replacement and rehabilitation. These were 1) Patch repairs and incipient anodes, 2) Impressed Current Cathodic Protection, 3) Galvanic Cathodic Protection and 4) Hydrophobic treatments. The selection of the above research packages was based on past and present use by the construction industry to repair, refurbish and rehabilitate RC structures. Their contributions may be broadly categorised as i) Investigations on how specific treatments and materials perform, ii) Investigations on the effectiveness of existing methods of measurements and developing alternatives, iii) Changes to the existing theory of corrosion initiation and arrest and iv) Changes to management framework strategies. The key findings from each research package can be summarised as follows: Macrocell activity appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of incipient anode formation in repaired concrete structures, as has previously been presented; ICCP has persistent protective effects even after interruption of the protective current; Discrete galvanic anodes installed in the parent concrete surrounding the patch repair are a feasible alternative to galvanic anodes embedded within the patch repairs of RC structures; Silanes may have a residual hydrophobic effect even after 20 years of service.
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Books on the topic "Corrosion protection; Offshore structures"

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Morshed, Ali. An introduction to asset corrosion management in the upstream offshore industry. Houston, Tex: NACE International, 2012.

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Marine and offshore corrosion. London: Butterworths, 1985.

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A, Bayliss Derek, ed. Corrosion protection of steel structures. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1985.

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Webster, S. E. Fatigue, corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion of steels for offshore structures. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Gillie, Richard D. Beaufort Sea artificial island erosion data. Sidney, B.C: Dobrocky Seatech, 1988.

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Kenny, J. P. Protection of offshore installations against impact: Background report. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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Perkins, Philip H. Repair, protection and waterproofing of concrete structures. 3rd ed. London: E. & F.N. Spon, 1997.

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National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Cathodic protection of reinforcing steel in atmospherically exposed concrete structures. Houston: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1990.

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Concrete in coastal structures. London: Telford, 1998.

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Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association. Guidelines for materials selection and corrosion control for subsea oil and gas production equipment. 2nd ed. London: Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Corrosion protection; Offshore structures"

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Suzuki, Y., K. Doi, T. Kyuno, and Y. Shimizu. "Study of Corrosion-Protection Technologies in Splash and Tidal Zones Establishment of Corrosion-Protection Technologies to Provide Long-Term Durability at Low Cost for Offshore Steel Structures by Use of Methods for Wrapping of Highly Corrosion-Resistant Metallic Materials." In Ocean Space Utilization ’85, 561–68. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68284-4_62.

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Chess, Paul M. "The Corrosion Process in Reinforced Concrete." In Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Structures, 1–16. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045834-1.

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Gibalenko, O. M., and V. A. Gibalenko. "Corrosion Protection of Metal Structures in Manufacturing Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 45–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42939-3_5.

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El-Reedy, Mohamed Abdallah. "Reliability of Concrete Structure Exposed to Corrosion." In Assessment, Evaluation, and Repair of Concrete, Steel, and Offshore Structures, 147–78. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429425455-7.

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Berendsen, A. M. "The Protection of Different Parts of Offshore Structures under Construction." In Marine Painting Manual, 50–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2186-8_2.

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Edyvean, R. G. J., C. J. Thomas, and R. Brook. "The Effect of Marine Fouling on Fatigue and Corrosion-Fatigue of Offshore Structures." In Biodeterioration 7, 385–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_50.

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Burns, D. J., and O. Vosikovsky. "Some Factors Affecting the Corrosion Fatigue Performance of Welded Joints in Offshore Structures." In Time-Dependent Fracture, 53–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5085-6_5.

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Falikman, Vyacheslav R., Nikolai K. Rozentahl, and Valentina F. Stepanova. "New Russian Norms and Codes on Protection of Building Structures Against Corrosion." In High Tech Concrete: Where Technology and Engineering Meet, 2135–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_244.

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Pergola, Andrea Della, Federica Lollini, Elena Redaelli, and Luca Bertolini. "Numerical simulation of reinforcement corrosion and protection in submerged hollow concrete structures." In Advances in Modeling Concrete Service Life, 143–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2703-8_15.

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Singh, Jashanpreet. "Application of Thermal Spray Coatings for Protection against Erosion, Abrasion, and Corrosion in Hydropower Plants and Offshore Industry." In Thermal Spray Coatings, 243–83. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003213185-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Corrosion protection; Offshore structures"

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Witte, Carlos C., and Duperron M. Ribeiro. "A Statistical Time Dependent Degradation Curve Analysis for Marine Structures." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84137.

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Structural integrity assessments are important for the protection of the environment, offshore crew and company status. Marine structures, through the lifetime, must be maintained by a reliable management system of inspections, repairs and coatings protections. Planned thickness measurements are necessary to update the structure conditions and certify the operation in the marine environment. By these inspections is possible to calculate corrosion rates using statistical regression methods and time dependent corrosion curves. Corrosion rates analysis may well alert structure integrity problems and predict future corrosion tendencies. This study shows the application of field information by using a time dependent corrosion model. This method can be found on asset structure integrity management system [1], which is dominant in the offshore Brazilian industry.
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Ge Yan, Zhu Xi-chang, and Li Yan. "Anti-corrosion protection strategies for support structures and foundations of wind turbines of offshore wind farms." In 2009 International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply. SUPERGEN 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/supergen.2009.5348091.

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Fischer, Karl P. "Experiences With Bolts and Fasteners Offshore: A Need for R & D." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28218.

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The biggest users of bolts are the auto and aerospace industries. In the oil and gas industry bolted connections are often used for high integrity systems and are thus vital for the long term performance of (the given structure) e.g. structural components, pressurised vessels and piping. It is therefore of paramount importance that bolted connections can be designed and installed to provide the required service life for the various exposure and service conditions. Bolting can fail for a number of reasons (e.g. overload, fatigue or corrosion). The materials selection and manufacturing, bolt fabrication, applied protective coating and the final bolt installation are all factors which need to executed adequately to ensure that a long service performance. The actual service conditions and the external environment impact and maintenance will subsequently determine the service life of the bolting. To improve the reliability of bolted connections, a joint industry project” “Corrosion protection and maintenance of bolting and fasteners” was initiated by DNV in 2001. The initial part of the project will be to provide a summary of the best practice for corrosion protection of bolted connections for offshore application. Here bolted connection embrace materials selection of bolts, corrosion protection of bolts and performance of bolts on flanges and other mechanical connections (e.g. cranes). The main part of the project is a 10 year testing program of pretensioned stud bolts. The exposure program will be performed in the marine atmospheric zone, splash zone and submerged zone. This will be performed at the DNV seawater laboratories in Bergen and at the LaQue Center, North Carolina, US.
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Turner, Trey N., and Abhimanyu Kumar. "Explosion Response of Cold Bond Corrosion Repairs Applied to Offshore Living Quarters." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95810.

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Abstract Maintaining the integrity of an aging offshore facility often requires the repair of corrosion. With advances in adhesive technology, epoxy adhesives (cold bond repairs) are increasingly being adopted to repair corrosion damage on offshore structures. Structural elements, protection barriers, and occupied buildings, for example a platform living quarters, designated as safety critical often must comply with project or facility performance standards that specify minimum design accidental loading (e.g., from fire, explosions, or impact). In addition to satisfying conventional structural design criteria, a corrosion repaired structure must also perform within acceptable limits when subjected to accidental loads. The present study outlines approaches to assess the performance of cold bond repairs subjected to accidental explosion loads. The living quarters considered in this study featured approximately 50 individual cold bond repairs; each arbitrarily located over the building’s external surfaces. Under accidental blast conditions, failure of a cold bond repair was deemed unacceptable due to the threat of pressure leakage into the building’s interior. As such, the study demanded an analysis capable of considering both the global response of the living quarters as well as the local response of cold bond repairs. There have been several studies conducted by researchers around the globe to evaluate the response characteristics of adhesive bonds. However, these studies are largely focused on experimental, local, and micromechanical analysis of adhesively bonded materials. Numerical analysis of adhesive bonds, for purposes of global structural system response assessments, especially in the case of accidental loading, appear to be nonexistent in available literature. Inspired by this gap, we present a case study involving an assessment of global structural performance of a living quarters building repaired with cold bond adhesives subject to loading due to accidental and rare events. In this study, the local behavior of cold bond adhesives was calibrated using numerical simulations of the ASTM tests specified by the adhesive vendor. The calibrated properties were implemented in finite element analyses used to validate cold bond seal plate repairs at various locations on the living quarters building. The study includes a discussion about the methods and approaches used to model cold bond repairs in a practical and efficient manner. The approach outlined herein provides a useful framework that can be adapted to similar assessments by a practicing engineer responsible for blast analysis of marine structures.
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Baxter, D. P., S. J. Maddox, and R. J. Pargeter. "Corrosion Fatigue Behaviour of Welded Risers and Pipelines." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29360.

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The fatigue design of pipelines or risers in deepwater oil and gas developments, is often critically dependent on quantifying the extent to which aggressive service environments affect performance. Girth welds in these structures are often exposed to seawater on the external surface, and sweet or sour production fluids on the internal surface. All of these environments can lead to higher rates of fatigue crack growth and lower overall life compared to performance in air. The seawater environment has been studied in some depth, and design codes provide advice on how steel structures are likely to behave under conditions of either free corrosion or cathodic protection. However, it is important to note that there are limits to how widely these guidelines can be applied, and for more complex environments, such as production fluids which are inevitably project specific, design guidance is rarely available. Laboratory testing provides a means of quantifying material behaviour in a simulated service environment, and allows the impact of various environmental variables to be explored. This is important as parameters such as temperature, H2S concentration or loading frequency can have a significant effect on the extent to which performance is affected. This paper provides a review of published information and recent research data, and highlights particular areas where existing data are limited and design challenges remain.
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Thuanboon, Swieng, David S. Tordonato, William Navidi, David L. Olson, Brajendra Mishra, and Ge Wang. "A Statistical Analysis of Corrosion Wastage of Transverse Members in Single Hull Tankers." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92665.

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Corrosion wastage of structural members in oil tankers over the time causes variability in structural properties. Corrosion is a function of many variables and uncertainties, such as the types of corrosion protection systems used, types of cargo, temperature, humidity, etc. The traditional engineering and analysis, which uses simplified deterministic approaches to account for this time-dependent reliability or risk of aging ship structure, is not suitable. This investigation explores the use of statistical analysis approaches to predict corrosion wastage in oil carrying tankers. Corrosion wastage measurements from transverse members of 115 oil tankers were collected to add to an extensive corrosion wastage database. Lognormal function was found to best fit the collected data when compared to other methods, such as the Weibull function. Linear regression in the form of three mathematical models of corrosion wastage, developed by considering age of ship, coating life, and the location of the transverse members, is used to indicate the relationship between corrosion wastage and age of ship. Corrosion rates were determined by the derivatives of the corrosion wastage. The results show that corrosion wastage may accelerate after twenty years of service. It is expected that the study will help identify which structural members may be more susceptible to corrosion wastage and require more frequent inspection.
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Yamaguchi, Yoshiya, and Shinpei Terashima. "Development of Guidelines on Corrosion Resistant Steels for Cargo Oil Tanks." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49637.

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The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted new statutory requirements for corrosion protection of cargo oil tanks (hereafter referred to as “COT”) of crude oil tankers in May 2010. It is to be noted that these new requirements allow protection through the use of corrosion resistant steels as well as suitable coatings for COT. Corrosion resistant steels have been developed in Japanese steel mills based on the findings obtained in joint research project undertaken by the SR242 committee established in the Shipbuilding Association of Japan from 1999 to 2001. The project revealed corrosion mechanisms for general corrosion that occurs under the upper deck in inert gas environments and for pitting corrosion that occurs on the inner bottom. Corrosion resistant steels have excellent resistance against corrosion in these COT environments. The concept of protection through the use of corrosion resistant steels is based on the fact that such steels have been shown to better maintain their structural integrity during the target life of the ship by slowing down of the rate at which corrosion occurs compared with conventional steels. The IMO also developed performance standards for corrosion resistant steels together with statutory requirements for protection of COT. However, the maritime industry further seeks detailed guidelines on the unified application of such steels. In reply to their demands, ClassNK developed new guidelines specifying several matters for the suitable application of these steels, including on application range, combined application of corrosion resistant steels and coatings, test procedures for confirming the corrosion resistance of each product, and measures for ensuring the quality of welding work. This paper introduces an overview of the properties of corrosion resistant steels, IMO statutory requirements, and the newly developed guidelines.
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Dover, W. D., A. Stacey, N. Tantbirojn, and F. P. Brennan. "Variable Amplitude Corrosion Fatigue Tests on a High Strength Jack-Up Steel." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28615.

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A series of fatigue tests were conducted on T-butt-welded specimens made from high strength (SE702) jack-up steel. Fatigue tests were conducted using a pseudo-random sequence (JOSH) designed to give typical jack-up loading at two levels of cathodic protection. The results are presented in terms of fatigue life and crack growth evolution. The results for the T-butt joints were compared to tubular joint fatigue test data obtained with conventional fixed platform steels (BS4360 Gr50D) and the same high strength steel (SE702). The study indicated that for high strength steel joints with relatively short fatigue lives the influence of the cathodic protection level is quite small and the fatigue resistance is slightly better than that of joints fabricated from conventional structural steels such as BS4360 50D.
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Fonseca, José, Tiago Renck, Eliakin Abreu, Fabrício P. Santos, Bruno Diehl, and Carlos E. Fortis Kwietniewski. "Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking on Superduplex Stainless Steel Under Cathodic Protection." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24251.

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The optimized and secure operation of oil and gas floating production units depends essentially on the performance of their devices, components and structures. Rigid pipelines are key equipment used in the offshore industry commonly employed as flowlines and risers. Carbon steel such as API 5L X65 is the material of choice for those applications due to its low relative cost and availability. However, for the Brazilian pre-salt it seems unlikely that carbon steels can be applyed, since the oil is contaminated by high concentrations of CO2, which causes generalized corrosion. Therefore, operators in Brazil should consider an alternative solution, such as lined or clad pipes as well as corrosion resistant alloys (CRA). Duplex and super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) have emerged in the last decade or so, as an alternative material for harsh environments. Nevertheless, according to recent studies, SDSS when cathodically protected against corrosion are prone to hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC). The aim of this investigation is to evaluate through fracture toughness measurements the susceptibility of welded SDSS samples to HISC for two different levels of cathodic protection. For fracture toughness evaluation the step loading test method was selected. This practice is believed to be more realistic because samples are exposed to hydrogen during the entire tests instead of simple hydrogen pre-charging before performing the test in air, as recommended by some procedures. Fracture toughness values are given in terms of both CTOD and J-integral for crack initiation and maximum stress for SENB specimens. The results given here indicates that SDSS are quite susceptible to HISC especially in the heat affect zone even for potentials as negative as −650 mVsce.
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Solland, Gunnar, Inge Lotsberg, Lars G. Bjo̸rheim, Gerhard Ersdal, Vidar-Andre´ Gjerstad, and Philip Smedley. "New Standard for Assessment of Structural Integrity for Existing Load-Bearing Structures-Norsok N-006." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79379.

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An increasing number of platforms in the Norwegian continental shelf are reaching their design life. For various reasons these platforms will require an assessment of their structural integrity. When performing these assessments the engineer is faced with tasks where little guidance is found in design standards, for several reasons. The two most important being: 1) The analyses that is performed in a typical assessment of existing structure is often applying very advanced techniques and methodology that seldom is used in design of new structures, as the cost of doing advanced analysis is relatively low compared to replacement of an existing structure, but relatively high compared to moderate additions of e.g. steel in the design of a new structure. 2) Design standards are based on theories, methods and experience for structures in a given design life (e.g. fatigue design and corrosion protection design). When this design life is extended, sound methods for ensuring that the structures are still sufficient safe is needed. Such methods will normally be “condition based design”, where inspection, maintenance and repairs are included in the assessment in integrated way. Such methods are not given in normal design standards. For these reasons a new NORSOK standard is developed that gives recommendation on how to deal with the specific aspects that engineers meet when performing assessments of structures in general, but also specifically for assessment for life extension. The standard is named “Standard for Assessment of Structural Integrity for Existing Load-bearing Structures” and is issued as a NORSOK standard and given the number N-006 [1]. The topics that are covered in the standard include: Shut down and unmanning criteria for platforms not meeting ordinary requirements, specific issues for determination of ultimate capacities by use of non-linear methods, cyclic capacity checks, fatigue life extension, requirements to in-service inspection etc. The paper describes the background and the content of the new standard and it presents examples of recommendations given. The role of the new standard in the Norwegian regulatory system is shown.
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Reports on the topic "Corrosion protection; Offshore structures"

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Sackinger, W. M., J. C. Rogers, C. Feyk, and B. Theuveny. Corrosion protection of Arctic offshore structures: Final report. [Effects of temperature and salinity on required cathodic protection current]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6851513.

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McInerney, Michael K., Charles P. Marsh, Vincent F. Hock, and Thomas A. Carlson. A Survey of Corrosion and Conditions of Corrosion Protection Systems in Civil Works Structures of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611674.

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ALLAN, M. L. EVALUATION OF COATINGS AND MORTARS FOR PROTECTION OF CONCRETE COOLING TOWER STRUCTURES FROM MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION IN GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/751115.

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