Journal articles: 'Corrosion removal'

1

Freeman, Garth B., Robert DeMott, Thomas Gauthier, Michael Stevenson, and Jim Hubbard. "Continued Corrosion After Removal of Corrosive Drywall." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 11, no. 3 (January 6, 2011): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-010-9427-7.

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Gobara, Mohammed. "Using Electrochemical Noise Technique to Evaluate the Corrosion Performance of a Reinforcement Magnesium Alloy." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 40 (October 2014): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.40.61.

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AZ91D magnesium alloy was reinforced by titanium and boron carbides under an inert environment using in-situ reactive infiltration technique. The corrosion properties of the reinforced magnesium alloy were investigated using Electrochemical noise (EN) techniques in dilute Harrison solutions. The moving average removal (MAR) method was used as trend removal methods. The frequency of pitting events (ƒn) and the average charge in each pitting events (q) were calculated for each EN measurements. EN results shows that the addition of reinforcement improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy (R-Mg) and no signs of corrosion were observed during 10 days of immersion in the corrosive solution.

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Gobara, Mohammed. "Using Electrochemical Noise Technique to Evaluate the Corrosion Performance of a Reinforcement Magnesium Alloy." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 40 (October 23, 2014): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-95k16q.

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AZ91D magnesium alloy was reinforced by titanium and boron carbides under an inert environment using in-situ reactive infiltration technique. The corrosion properties of the reinforced magnesium alloy were investigated using Electrochemical noise (EN) techniques in dilute Harrison solutions. The moving average removal (MAR) method was used as trend removal methods. The frequency of pitting events (ƒn) and the average charge in each pitting events (q) were calculated for each EN measurements. EN results shows that the addition of reinforcement improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy (R-Mg) and no signs of corrosion were observed during 10 days of immersion in the corrosive solution.

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Švadlena, Jan, Tomáš Prošek, Kristýna Charlotte Strachotová, and Milan Kouřil. "Chemical Removal of Lead Corrosion Products." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 5672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245672.

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Restoration treatment, specimen preparation or mass loss measurements on coupons made of lead require a reliable process of dissolution of corrosion products. In this study, several types of model corrosion products with compositions representative of those found on real objects were prepared and characterized. Ten solutions were then thoroughly tested in interval cleaning experiments, regarding the efficiency of removal of the corrosion products, corrosivity towards bare lead, and remnants left on the surface. The solution recommended in the current version of the ISO 8470 standard was found to be improper for the cleaning of both historical artefacts and corrosion coupons due to its inability to remove sulfide corrosion products and the risk of surface contamination and staining. A solution of 20% hydrochloric acid is the best choice for the preparation of lead coupons before exposure or for evaluation of mass loss of exposed samples because its somewhat higher corrosivity towards metallic lead is tolerable for these applications. Rochelle salt solution was found to be optimal for the cleaning of historical artefacts free of sulfide corrosion products due to the lowest corrosivity. None of these alternative solutions leave remnants on the surface and they are efficient at laboratory temperature.

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Sun, Jie, Wenxiang Zhao, Pei Yan, Kaijie Chen, Li Jiao, Tianyang Qiu, and Xibin Wang. "Effect of Corrosive Medium and Surface Defect-Energy on Corrosion Behavior of Rolled ZK61M Alloy." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 4091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124091.

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Magnesium alloys have been widely used as lightweight engineering structural materials, but their service performances are severely restricted by corrosion failure. In this paper, the influence of corrosive medium and surface defect energy on the corrosion behavior of rolled ZK61M alloy was investigated. The corrosion tests were conducted in different concentrations of sodium chloride solution for different durations, and the polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were reported. The surface morphology of rolled ZK61M alloy before and after corrosion tests were analyzed. The results showed that the corrosion tendency became stronger with the increase of the concentration of corrosive medium and the number of surface defects of ZK61M alloy. Moreover, the initial corrosion pattern was the pitting caused by micro galvanic corrosion at the surface defect, which gradually developed into uniform corrosion. Furthermore, the main damage occurred at the grain boundary, resulting in the destruction of grain bonding force and the removal of material along the rheological layer. The oxidation corrosion mechanism was mainly the anodic dissolution mechanism.

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Verma, Chandrabhan, and Mumtaz A. Quraishi. "Sulfamic acid is an environment-friendly alternative electrolyte for industrial acid cleaning and corrosion inhibition: a mini review." Corrosion Reviews 40, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2021-0023.

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Abstract Sulfamic acid (H3NSO3), which is also known as amino sulfuric acid, sulfamidic acid, amidosulfonic acid, and aminosulfonic acid, is an industrially useful water-soluble colorless crystalline solid. Sulfamic acid solutions of different concentrations are widely used for the removal of scales and metal oxides deposits from the surface of metals and ceramics. Sulfamic acid solutions (5–10%) serve as alternative electrolytes for the removal of rusts and lime scales to replace relatively more irritating and volatile hydrochloric and sulfuric acid-based electrolytes. Sulfamic acid solutions can be regarded as relatively more environmentally friendly and less toxic electrolytes for the cleaning of metallic surfaces. However, similar to the popular acidic solutions, sulfamic acid based electrolytes are corrosive to metal and metallic structures. Therefore, organic compounds based corrosion inhibitors of natural and synthetic origin are widely used to prevent corrosive damage of metallic surfaces in such electrolytes. These compounds become effective by adsorbing on the metallic surface following through the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Using electrochemical analyses it was observed that organic corrosion inhibitors in sulfamic acid based electrolytes behave as mixed- and interface-type corrosion inhibitors and they become effective by adsorbing at the metal/electrolyte interfaces. The adsorption of most of the corrosion inhibitors mostly follows physiochemisorption mechanism.

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Kainuma, Shigenobu, Yuya Yamamoto, Hideyuki Hayashi, and Yoshihiro Ito. "Practical Method for Estimating Corrosion Depth of Uncoated Carbon Steel Using Thickness of the Corrosion-Product Layer." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.201.

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The corrosion environments of individual parts of members in a steel structure vary significantly. Therefore, efficient maintenance requires accurately evaluating these environments and predicting corrosion damage over time. This research focused on comprehensively evaluating the corrosive environment of each part of members in the structures based on the mean corrosion depth of uncoated steel plates mounted on the members. Atmospheric exposure tests were conducted in four exposure fields in which the environments varied widely as a function of rainfall and airborne sea salt. Based on the test results, a practical method of estimating the mean corrosion depth using the thickness of the corrosion-product layer on the mounted plates that does not require removal of the corrosion product is proposed. Furthermore, a method for estimating the time-dependence of corrosion depth for parts of the members after deterioration of the paint coating is proposed.

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Barbosa, Lusinete Pereira, Olandir Vercino Correa, N. Karsokas Filho, and Isolda Costa. "Corrosion Characterization of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Filter." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.489.

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Pre-sintering for removal of lubricants is one of the most important steps in processing of powder metallurgy materials to achieve corrosion resistance. This is often the most neglected step in the sintering process. Incomplete removal of these organic compounds may result in sensitization of sintered parts. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lubricant removal process on the corrosion resistance of sintered AISI 304 L stainless steel filters. Pre-sintering was carried out at 450° C and sintering at 1150° C. As lubricant, 1% wax was used. The corrosion resistance of sintered samples was evaluated by polarization and tests, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that lubricant removal was not complete and during sintering sensitization of the stainless steel occurred decreasing the localized corrosion resistance of the stainless steel.

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Hodač, J., and Z. Fulín. "Impact of corrosion product removal to depth of corrosion damage in weldment joint." Koroze a ochrana materialu 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2019-0019.

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Abstract Corrosion flaws in pipelines can caused severe financial losses and also can be dangerous for people. One of the most frequently damaged parts are dissimilar pipe welds. We would like to understand how corrosion process reacts on corrosion product removal. Outputs from experiment will be used for production of test specimens. For testing we chose standard dissimilar weldment used in Czech power plants. It is joint with 08Ch18N10T and 22K (GOST) steel. Joint is cut to 24 same specimens. There are exposed to flowing water solution of 5% NaCl. Half of the specimens are regularly mechanically cleaned. The joint is metallographically observed and parts with and without corrosion products are compared. Water salt solution increased pH from 7,25 to 7,86 during 31 days test and conductivity varies around 74 mS cm−1. Metallographic observation indicates that corrosion under corrosion products layer is locally speed up and causes pitting corrosion. Cleaned specimens indicate plane corrosion with lower depth. These results indicate that slag in pipeline could locally speed up corrosion depth penetration. On the other hand, solutions with abrasive particles (which can wipe out the corrosion product) will probably facilitate plane corrosion damage on pipeline walls. This test brings us another knowledge, how to simulate realistic corrosion damage for production of NDT qualification test pieces.

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10

Marjanowski, Jan. "Leakages and Scaling in Stainless Steel Heat Exchangers." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.8.1424.

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The purpose of the article is to explain causes of non-corrosive and corrosive leaks in heat exchangers (HE) during standard exploitation as well as to present prevention measures to eliminate dangerous clogging by scaling and corrosion. The heat exchangers are made of Cr-Ni austenitic steels, belonging to the group of steels resistant to corrosion, called commonly stainless steels. The author of the article has over 40 years of practical experience in the areas of water treatment, corrosion and leaks prevention, as well as heat exchangers chemical cleaning. This part of the article focuses on various cases of heat exchanger leakages, while part two is a compendium on correct selection of technologies and chemicals for removal of scales from polluted heat exchangers. One will not find in the paper neither HE producer name nor industrial chemical cleaning formulas. The present paper describes reasons of leakages, examples of stainless steel HE corrosion and general characteristic of scales within HE.

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11

Marjanowski, Jan. "Leakages and Scaling in Stainless Steel Heat Exchangers." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.8.1424.

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The purpose of the article is to explain causes of non-corrosive and corrosive leaks in heat exchangers (HE) during standard exploitation as well as to present prevention measures to eliminate dangerous clogging by scaling and corrosion. The heat exchangers are made of Cr-Ni austenitic steels, belonging to the group of steels resistant to corrosion, called commonly stainless steels. The author of the article has over 40 years of practical experience in the areas of water treatment, corrosion and leaks prevention, as well as heat exchangers chemical cleaning. This part of the article focuses on various cases of heat exchanger leakages, while part two is a compendium on correct selection of technologies and chemicals for removal of scales from polluted heat exchangers. One will not find in the paper neither HE producer name nor industrial chemical cleaning formulas. The present paper describes reasons of leakages, examples of stainless steel HE corrosion and general characteristic of scales within HE.

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12

Ruzhitskaya, Olga. "Efficient phosphate removal by biological corrosion method." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004009.

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Water quality deterioration in water bodies is directly related to the development of anthropogenic eutrophication processes. To resolve this complex issue, one needs to minimize biogenic discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into the water bodies. The article presents relevant information in the field of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment, describes the most effective biological and biological-chemical methods of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment. The article presents the results of research on phosphate-removing wastewater treatment methods using iron-bearing reinforced feed material (biological corrosion method, biogalvanic method). The placement of reinforced feed material in a standard air tank allowed to significantly increase the efficiency of organic contamination-removing biological wastewater treatment. The biological process activation ratio due to the use of reinforced feed material amounted to 1.78. The placement of reinforced feed material in the bioreactor, which operates without activated sludge return, allowed to achieve complete phosphate removal from the waste water. The maximum effect of phosphate removal (99 %) with the concentration of phosphate in treated water below the detection limit was achieved after 4 to 6 hours of wastewater treatment in the bioreactor, with the concentration of organic contamination in the incoming wastewater from 150 to 300 mgBOD/L and the concentration of phosphate upstream of the bioreactor from 4 to 6 mg PO4/L. Based on the research carried out, it was concluded that the use of biological corrosion method allows to achieve high efficiency of phosphate removal, as well as to intensify the biological process of organic contamination removal from waste water.

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13

Dubová, V., J. Ilavský, and D. Barloková. "Evaluation of annual corrosion tests for aggressive water." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10189-011-0020-1.

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Evaluation of annual corrosion tests for aggressive waterInternal corrosion has a significant effect on the useful life of pipes, the hydraulic conditions of a distribution system and the quality of the water transported. All water is corrosive under some conditions, and the level of this corrosion depends on the physical and chemical properties of the water and properties of the pipe material. Galvanic treatment is an innovation for protecting against corrosion, and this method is also suitable for removal of water stone too. This method consists of the electrogalvanic principle, which is generated by the flowing of water between a zinc anode and the cupro-alloy cover of a column. This article presents experimental corrosion tests at water resource Pernek (This water resource-well marked as HL-1 is close to the Pernek of village), where the device is operating based on this principle.

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14

Natig Abbasov, Natig Abbasov, and Rashad Babayev Rashad Babayev. "DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CHEMICAL TREATMENTS IN DISTILLATION COLUMNS." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 10, no. 02 (April 2, 2022): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm10022022-109.

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Distillation is the application and removal of heat to separate hydrocarbons by their relative volatility or boiling points. This necessary addition of heat normally in the feed stream or at the tower bottoms via a reboiler can also lead to unwanted consequences such as polymerization, corrosion and reverse solubility. The removal of heat can lead to sedimentation, solubility effects, corrosion and precipitation. The concentration of certain constituents by the distillation process can cause corrosion, polymerization, sediment fouling and flow phenomena effects. Keywords: solubility, corrosion, polymerization, distillation, heat, hydrocarbons, sediment, precipitation, fouling

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15

Karschunke, K., and M. Jekel. "Arsenic removal by iron hydroxides, produced by enhanced corrosion of iron." Water Supply 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0069.

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Results of lab-scale experiments for arsenic removal from drinking water are presented. Arsenate(V)-ions were adsorbed on ferric hydroxides which were formed in-situ by corrosion of elemental iron in oxygenated water. Natural corrosion of fine iron wool was suitable to remove effectively high but realistic arsenic concentrations of 500 μg/L from drinking water. As the corrosion rate decreased significantly in time, two different methods to enhance the corrosion were tested and evaluated: galvanic corrosion using iron-copper contact elements and the application of an external voltage. The iron-copper contact elements showed promising results (a high and stable corrosion rate) but were bearing the risk of copper release when the contact broke down. The application of voltage led to an enhanced release of iron-ions but was coupled with a cathodic formation of hydrogen from water. The generation of hydrogen is a very undesirable effect for any practical application. Irrespective of the mode of corrosion, a post-treatment step (sand filtration) was required to remove the arsenic loaded rust particles from the effluent. In the final effluent, drinking water quality was reached by all the methods.

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16

Konno, Yoshiki, Etsushi Tsuji, Yoshitaka Aoki, Toshiaki Ohtsuka, and Hiroki Habazaki. "Corrosion protection of iron using porous anodic oxide/conducting polymer composite coatings." Faraday Discussions 180 (2015): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00232f.

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Conducting polymers (CPs), including polypyrrole, have attracted attention for their potential in the protection of metals against corrosion; however, CP coatings have the limitation of poor adhesion to metal substrates. In this study, a composite coating, comprising a self-organized porous anodic oxide layer and a polypyrrole layer, has been developed on iron. Because of electropolymerization in the pores of the anodic oxide layer, the composite coating showed improved adhesion to the substrate along with prolonged corrosion protection in a NaCl aqueous corrosive environment. The anodic oxide layers are formed in a fluoride-containing organic electrolyte and contain a large amount of fluoride species. The removal of these fluoride species from the oxide layer and the metal/oxide interface region is crucial for improving the corrosion protection.

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17

Garcia, Roger, Fang Li, and Lester Hendrickson. "Microbiologically induced corrosion of stainless steel by Desulfovibrio vulgaris: An scanning electron microscope study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100084442.

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The corrosion of mild steel by sulfate reducing bacteria has been studied quite extensively. However, with the replacement of mild steels with stainless steel in many of these applications numerous sightings of corroding stainless steel have been made as well. Initially, the cathodic depolarization theory was widely accepted as the mechanism for both. The essential part of this theory involves the removal of hydrogen from the metal surface. Hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio allows utilization of elemental hydrogen from the cathode of the corrosion cell. This causes the reduction of sulfate whereby the biological cell gets its energy via a respiration process. Finally, the oxygen from the sulfate becomes available to the cathode and hence corrosion is enhanced. Without this reducing action the cathode would become polarized thereby decreasing the EMF and lowering the corrosion rate. Among other proposed mechanisms are differential aeration cells and corrosive products produced by the bacteria.

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18

Moreton, Alan J. "Corrosion Investigation, Evaluation, and Pier Replacement Scheme for the Long Key Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1610, no. 1 (January 1998): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1610-02.

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Reconstruction of U.S. Highway 1 from Miami to Key West, Florida, marked the first use of epoxy-coated reinforcing in several new bridges in Florida, including the Long Key Bridge. Since then, increasing corrosion has been found in all splash zones. The novel V-piers of the Long Key Bridge received much attention; nevertheless, the superstructure, upper parts of the V-piers, and fully submerged and cased drilled shaft foundations have no corrosion at all. In 1996, a corrosion investigation was undertaken to determine the mechanisms and rate of corrosion, develop prognoses, and evaluate various courses of action. The corrosion conditions and rate were established by on-site and laboratory analyses. Historical records provided corrosion damage with time. Chloride penetration and corrosion damage were correlated with resistivity and other observations to give a relationship between the corrosive conditions and time to initial corrosion, first cracking, and critical damage. Prognoses were developed and evaluated by life cycle cost-benefit analyses for various courses of action, from “do nothing” to full-scale replacement of the piers for a service life in excess of 75 years. The techniques developed for this project could benefit maintenance monitoring and prognoses for other structures in similar corrosive environments. Contingency plans were prepared for pier replacement with precast modified V-piers to respect both the structural configuration and the historical significance of this bridge. A temporary support system was designed for rapid removal and replacement of each pier while the structure remains open to traffic on this sole route to the Florida Keys.

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19

Rafique, Muhammad, Nasir M. Mirza, Sikander M. Mirza, Kimberlee J. Kearfott, Shahab A. Abbasi, and Syed F. Naeem. "Parametric Study of Time-Dependent Corrosion Product Activity due to56Mn,58Co, and60Co in the Primary Coolant Circuit of a Typical Pressurized Water Reactor." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/809672.

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Results of a detailed study, based on the parametric analysis of activated corrosion products, in primary coolant of a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) are presented. The parameters influencing time dependent buildup of corrosion product activity (CPA) in primary coolant loop of PWR were identified. The computer program CPAIR was used to accommodate for time dependent corrosion rates. The behaviors of56Mn,58Co, and60Co were studied over the reactor operational time. During the course of normal operation of reactor, the CPA is dominated by56Mn, while58Co and60Co are the predominant radionuclides after reactor shutdown. Parametric study suggests that the total CPA is most sensitive to ion-exchanger removal rates. For a removal rate of 300 cm3-s−1, the specific activity due to56Mn has the maximum value of 3.552 × 104 Bq-m−3after 1,000 hours of reactor operation. This value decreases drastically to 8.325 × 103 Bq-m−3at removal rate of 900 cm3-s−1. Additionally, CPA due to56Mn,58Co, and60Co shows strong dependence on removal rates from the core material surfaces. Variations in the values of radionuclide removal rates from piping surface and radionuclide removal rate from deposition on pipes showed only very small effects on CPA buildup.

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20

Wei, Yuan, Yingjie Li, Zhaoqi Wu, Jinyu Chen, Shao-Fei Jiang, Deyuan Lin, and Xianbiao Xiao. "Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Corroded Circular Steel Tubes under Compression Based on Image Processing." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111690.

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In order to achieve a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the safety of compression members made of circular steel tubes, image processing technology is commonly utilized to extract the morphology of the steel tubes before and after rust removal. The obtained results have validated the feasibility and applicability of employing digital cameras and image processing technology to analyze the images of the steel tubes before and after rust removal and to extract useful structural mechanics features. The feature values of the apparent morphology before rust removal grow with the increase of the corrosion depth, while after rust removal, the feature values first increase and then decrease with the growth of the corrosion depth. Based on this fact, a simplified equation is proposed to quantify the relationship between the feature values of the apparent morphology before and after rust removal and the corrosion depth. In continuing, a simple, fairly accurate, and comprehensive safety evaluation methodology for corroded circular steel tubes under compression is established. Finally, an example is illustrated to check the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Machizawa, Kenji, Koichi Takenaka, Yoichi Hirata, Masashi Nagao, Noriyuki Ohnaka, and Masayuki Itagaki. "Removal Techniques of Corrosion Products in Absorption Refrigerator." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 56, no. 4 (2007): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.56.158.

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22

Somerscales, E. F. C., and H. Sanatgar. "Hydrodynamic removal of corrosion products from a surface." British Corrosion Journal 27, no. 1 (January 1992): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705992798268846.

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23

Stroud, E. G. "The quantitative removal of corrosion products from zinc." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 3 (May 4, 2007): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010301.

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24

Fukaya, Yuichi, Toshifumi Hirasaki, Katsuhiko Kumagai, Teruhisa Tatsuoka, Kenro Takamori, and Shunichi Suzuki. "Corrosion Mitigation Activities Performed After the Fukushima Daiichi Accident." Corrosion 74, no. 5 (December 9, 2017): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2695.

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This synopsis describes corrosion issues and mitigation activities shortly after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. An earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred on March 11, 2011; the subsequent tsunami removed the cooling capacity of fuels in both the reactors and spent fuel pools (SFPs). Seawater was temporarily used for emergency fuel cooling, which induced various corrosion issues. Just after the accident, the temperatures within the reactors of Units 1 to 3 increased to several hundred degrees Celsius and the water quality of the cooling water seems to have become similar to that of concentrated seawater. To stabilize the fuel cooling, corrosion mitigation actions were required for mainly carbon steel components. The following corrosion mitigation measures were applied to the reactors: (a) temperature decreases, (b) dissolved oxygen removal from feedwater via deaeration, (c) dissolved oxygen removal from cooling water in the reactors via nitrogen gas injection, (d) salt removal from cooling water, and (e) sterilization of feedwater by hydrazine addition. The temperatures of SFP water in Units 1 to 4 were between 47°C and 93°C just after the accident. The maximum chloride ion concentration was approximately 2,000 ppm and the pH was in the range from 7.5 to 11.2. The mitigation of localized corrosion of the stainless steel pool liners and alkaline corrosion of the aluminum fuel racks was the top priority. In addition to (a), (b), and (d) listed above, (f) dissolved oxygen removal and sterilization by hydrazine addition and (g) pH control were applied to the SFPs. In the six years since the accident, no major corrosion problems have yet arisen. However, continued efforts to increase plant stability are underway for the long-term goal of decommissioning.

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Haruta, S., T. Takahashi, and T. Nishiguchi. "Basic Studies on Phosphorus Removal by the Contact Aeration Process Using Iron Contactors." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0514.

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The authors have developed what we call the submerged iron contactor process as a simple and inexpensive phosphorus removal method for small-scale plants disposing of domestic wastewater and household wastewater treatment tanks. In this method iron contactors are submerged in biological treatment tanks, where phosphate anions in wastewater are combined with iron cations produced through corrosion of the contactors, and the compound thus produced is precipitated and removed together with biological sludge. In these studies, laboratory experiments were made on the contact aeration process combined with the above-mentioned method, and the following findings were obtained. (1) It is desirable to treat wastewater by making use of corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria instead of corrosion by oxygen dissolved in wastewater, to conduct a stable phosphorus removal by this combined method. (2) The corrosion rate of iron contactors is affected by the volumetric loading of BOD in the tanks where they are submerged. (3) Assuming that an iron contactor continues to suffer corrosion evenly all over the surface when our combined method is applied, it is estimated that the corrosion rate is about 1mm or less in 30 years.

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Wu, Weilin. "Electrochemical Corrosion Prevention in Oilfield Wastewater for Effective Dissolved Oxygen Removal Using a Novel Upflow Bioelectrochemical System." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (June 27, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6292509.

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Towards the corrosion issues of oilfield wastewater for water recycling, the dissolved oxygen (DO) is a subsequent corrosive factor after the air desulfurization tower for high-efficiency removal of sulfides. However, an in situ biological technology for efficient DO removal has not been well developed by using organics in oilfield wastewater. A novel upflow bioelectrocatalytic system assembled with three electrodes (cathode-anode-cathode) was designed in this study, in which waste organic matter of oil wastewater was degraded by a bioanode for electron production and dissolved oxygen was efficiently reduced by a biocathode under an assistant external voltage. The results showed that the average current was kept over 6 mA by applying a fixed voltage of 0.8 V to treat oil wastewater with DO as high as 3–5 mg/L. The bottom cathode contributed the largest to DO removal rate, reaching 67%; contribution of the middle anode and the upper cathode for DO removal was 11% and 9%, respectively. The whole DO removal rate by the bioelectrocatalytic system was up to about 90%, and the effluent DO was reduced to below 0.6 mg/L by removing 40–50% COD.

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27

Avchukir, K., and B. D. Burkitbayeva. "Conductive Polymer/SiO2 Composite as an Anticorrosive Coating Against Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Mild Steel. A Simulation Study." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj991.

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In this work corrosion of mild steel affected by carbon dioxide was studied using a simulation model developed by Nordsveen M. and Nesic S. Using this comprehensive model of the uniform corrosion made possible to predict of corrosion rate of steel in the carbonic acid medium and the influence of different conditions on the anticorrosive property of coated electrode has been investigated. 1D model of corrosion process includes Butler-Volmer and Tafel equations and takes into account both the kinetics of anodic dissolution of an iron and electrochemical discharge of carbonic acid, water and hydrogen ions. The model has been created in COMSOL Multiphysics software and further improvement of this model allowed studying the influence of parameters such as solution composition, the partial pressure of CO2, temperature and flow velocity of the solution on the corrosion rate of the steel. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that the use of conductive polymerpolypyrrole/ SiO2 composite as an anti-corrosive resin coating reduces the corrosion rate of mild steel by 7 times or more, depending on pH, temperature and flow rate. Furthermore, increasing of flow velocity from 0.1 to 10 m/s affects to the removal of corrosion products from the surface of mild steel and as a result corrosion rate raises from 0.3 to 0.45 mm/year at a temperature of 80 °C and pH=4.

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Li, Yixuan, Shuangqiu Huang, Yaqin Song, Xinfang Zhang, Sijia Liu, and Qiong Du. "Effect of Spatial Distribution of nZVI on the Corrosion of nZVI Composites and Its Subsequent Cr(VI) Removal from Water." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030494.

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There have been many studies on contaminant removal by fresh and aged nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), but the effect of spatial distribution of nZVI on the corrosion behavior of the composite materials and its subsequent Cr(VI) removal remains unclear. In this study, four types of D201-nZVI composites with different nZVI distributions (named D1, D2, D3, and D4) were fabricated and pre-corroded in varying coexisting solutions. Their effectiveness in the removal of Cr(VI) were systematically investigated. The results showed acidic or alkaline conditions, and all coexisting ions studied except for H2PO4− and SiO32− enhanced the corrosion of nZVI. Additionally, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed to decrease with increasing nZVI distribution uniformity. The corrosion products derived from nZVI, including magnetite, hematite, lepidocrcite, and goethite, were identified by XRD. The XPS results suggested that the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species coexisted and the Cr(III) species gradually increased on the surface of the pre-corroded D201-nZVI with increasing iron distribution uniformity, proving Cr(VI) removal via a comprehensive process including adsorption/coprecipitation and reduction. The results will help to guide the selection for nZVI nanocomposites aged under different conditions for environmental decontamination.

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Kašiarová, Monika, Dagmar Galusková, Zuzana Vilčeková, Peter Tatarko, Petra Gaalová, and Dušan Galusek. "Corrosion Behavior of Human Teeth Measured by Nanoindentation Method." Key Engineering Materials 606 (March 2014): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.606.145.

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The decrease of the mechanical properties – hardness and reduced elastic modulus after corrosion in white wine was measured. Under static corrosion conditions no significant decrease was observed up to 8 hours of corrosion. Dynamic corrosion conditions cause detrimental decrease of properties (one order of magnitude) compare to the results of static corrosion test. This is due to the removal of the harder outer layer of the enamel during polishing. To obtain a relevant data concerning corrosion test, natural surface of a tooth should be investigated and tested.

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Zatkalíková, Viera, Milan Uhríčik, Lenka Markovičová, and Lenka Kuchariková. "Corrosion Behavior of Sensitized AISI 304 Stainless Steel in Acid Chloride Solution." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 8543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238543.

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Corrosion resistance of sensitized austenitic stainless steel (SS) in chloride environments is currently the subject of numerous studies. Most of them are focused on neutral chloride solutions at room temperature and the experiments are carried out on ground stainless steels surfaces. This paper deals with the corrosion behavior of sensitized AISI 304 stainless steel in acid 1 M chloride solution (pH = 1.1) at the temperatures of 20 ± 3 °C and 50 °C. The specimens after sensitization are tested as covered by high-temperature surface oxides (“heat tinted”), and also after their chemical removal to assess the impact of the surface state on corrosion resistance. Potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and exposure immersion test are used as the independent corrosion tests. Microstructure before/after exposure immersion test is evaluated by optical microscopy (OM) and SEM. The results obtained showed that sensitization significantly conditions corrosion regardless of the removal of high-temperature oxides, and the elevated temperature mainly acts as its accelerating factor.

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Davenport, Alison J. "In Situ Corrosion Studies." Electrochemical Society Interface 7, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f06981if.

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The corrosion of metals has a major economic impact, yet the underlying processes that control the phenomenon are very difficult to study. Removal of a corroded sample from its wet environment can change it, so the results of subsequent ex situ characterization may be artifacts. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the development of in situ techniques that allow examination of metal surfaces during the corrosion process; a few examples of such studies are given here.

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Koike, M., K. Matsukawa, D. Kojima, F. Fukuda, and Y. Tsuzuki. "Study on corrosion products removal in PWR primary circuit." Revue Générale Nucléaire, no. 2 (March 1994): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rgn/19942142.

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Ren, Yuan, Liming Wang, Mingliang Ma, Wei Cheng, Baoli Li, Yuxin Lou, Jianfeng Li, and Xinqiang Ma. "Stepwise Removal Process Analysis Based on Layered Corrosion Oxides." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 7559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217559.

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The parts of engineering machinery quickly generate rusty oxides in the working process, which seriously affects their service life and safety. How to remove oxides efficiently without damaging the surface of the matrix is a crucial problem. This paper analyzes the critical laser parameters that affect the distribution of material temperature field, which determines the ablation depth of different oxides, by using the central composite experimental design method and taking the surface-ablation depth of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 before and after laser cleaning as response variables to establish the prediction model of single removal volume with the help of Comsol Multiphysics software. The results show a positive correlation between ablation depth and peak power density and a negative correlation with scanning speed. In this process, the experimental results show that the prediction model is natural and effective. A flow chart of laser stepwise cleaning of layered corroded oxides can provide theoretical guidance for the laser cleaning of engineering machinery.

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Cloutier, Maxime, Stéphane Turgeon, P. Chevallier, and D. Mantovani. "On the Interface between Plasma Fluorocarbon Films and 316L Stainless Steel Substrates for Advanced Coated Stents." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.117.

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As intravascular biomedical devices, metallic stents are particularly susceptible to corrosion induced by the physiological environment, causing the degradation of mechanical properties and leading to the release of toxic and carcinogenic ions from the SS316L bulk. Therefore, several works have been focused on the development of an ultra-thin fluorocarbon coating that could act both as a drug-carrier for in-stent restenosis and as an anti-corrosion barrier. However, the increase of the corrosion performance was limited by the inevitable permeability of the coating, which exposed some of the sensitive interfacial region to the corrosive environment. Indeed, in previous works, adhesion and growth rate of the film were promoted by the removal of the native oxide layer of the stainless steel which is inhomogeneous, brittle and mechanically unstable. Further refinements of the interface are therefore required in order to enhance the overall corrosion performance without compromising the fluorocarbon film properties and adhesion. Hence, the aim of this work was to enhance the corrosion behaviour of coated SS316L by the creation of a controlled interfacial oxide layer. The native oxide layer was first removed under vacuum and the bare metal surface was subjected to a plasma-reoxidation treatment. Tafel measurements were used to assess the corrosion rates of the specimens. Coated and uncoated modified interfaces were also characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

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Ahmadi, Majid, Frans D. Tichelaar, Andreas Ihring, Michael Kunze, Sophie Billat, Zahra Kolahdouz Esfahani, and Henny W. Zandbergen. "Locally Condensed Water as a Solution for In Situ Wet Corrosion Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620000100.

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AbstractIn microstructural corrosion studies, knowledge on the initiation of corrosion on an nm-scale is lacking. In situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies can elucidate where/how the corrosion starts, provided that the proper corrosive conditions are present during the investigation. In wet corrosion studies with liquid cell nanoreactors (NRs), the liquid along the electron beam direction leads to strong scattering and therefore image blurring. Thus, a quick liquid removal or thickness control of the liquid layer is preferred. This can be done by the use of a Peltier element embedded in an NR. As a prelude to such in situ work, we demonstrate the local wetting of a TEM sample, by creating a temperature decrease of 10 ± 2°C on the membrane of an NR with planar Sb/BiSb thermoelectric materials for the Peltier element. TEM samples were prepared and loaded in an NR using a dual-beam focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. A mixture of water vapor and carrier gas was passed through a chamber, which holds the micro-electromechanical system Peltier device and resulted in quick formation of a water layer/droplets on the sample. The TEM analysis after repeated corrosion of the same sample (ex situ studies) shows the onset and progression of O2 and H2S corrosion of the AA2024-T3 alloy and cold-rolled HCT980X steel lamellae.

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Gamal, Hany, Saad Al-Afnan, Salaheldin Elkatatny, and Mohamed Bahgat. "Barium Sulfate Scale Removal at Low-Temperature." Geofluids 2021 (March 22, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527818.

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Precipitation of the scale in the oil and gas reservoirs, surface and subsurface equipment, and processing and production facilities is a big problem as it affects petroleum production. The scale precipitations decrease the oil and gas production and cause economical loss. Solving this issue requires an engineering investigation to provide a safe, efficient, and economic solution. Consequently, this study proposed a developed dissolver for barium sulfate scales, where two field-scale samples were collected from different locations. The compositional analysis for scale samples showed that sample 1 is 100% barium sulfate where sample 2 has 97.75% barium sulfate and 2.25% of quartz. The composition of the developed dissolver has diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a chelating agent, oxalic acid, and tannic acids as an activator, nonionic surfactant, and water as the base fluid. The new dissolver was investigated with extensive lab tests to determine the dissolution efficiency, precipitation tendency for the dissolved scale solids, corrosion rate, and fluid-rock interaction. The obtained successful results indicated that the developed dissolver had a dissolution efficiency for two real barium scale samples as the results showed 76.9 and 71.2% at 35°C and 91.3 and 78.4% at 90°C for samples 1 and 2, respectively. The new solution has a great performance compared with common scale dissolvers in the oil field as hydrochloric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. The developed dissolver showed a very low precipitation tendency for the scale dissolved solids (1.9 and 3.2% for samples 1 and 2, respectively) under 35°C for 24 hours. Without any additives of corrosion inhibitors, the corrosion rate was 0.001835 g/cm2 at 6.9 MPa and 100°C for 6 hours. Injecting the developed dissolver for damaged sandstone core sample with barite mud by flooding test showed a return permeability of 115%.

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Hino, Makoto, Yutaka Mitooka, Koji Murakami, Katsuji Nishimoto, and Teruto Kanadani. "Development of Laser Surface Treatment with Excellent Corrosion Resistance and Conductivity Performance on Magnesium Alloy Products." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1960.

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Effects of the laser processing on corrosion resistance and conductivity for the magnesium alloy products anodized from the phosphate electrolytic solution were examined. The area where anodized coating was removed under the appropriate laser processing condition showed the excellent corrosion performance as well as good conductivity. This improvement of the conductivity is attributable to the removal of the anodized coatings whose conductivity is not good, and excellent corrosion resistance is based on the sacrifice corrosion protection by anodizing from the phosphate electrolytic solution.

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Zeng, Xi, Zhuo Li, Fengfei Xi, Shiming Ji, Lei Qiu, Meng Shi, Qianqian Zheng, and Wenbin Qiu. "Material Removal Characteristic of Laser Cladding Cobalt-Based Alloy in the Photochemical Process." Metals 9, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060657.

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Cobalt-based alloy materials, widely used for laser cladding, are difficult to process. To address this problem, and based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of cobalt and its compounds, a method for removing cobalt-based alloy materials under photocatalytic conditions was proposed under the effect of ultraviolet photocatalysis and chemical corrosion. In this study, a material removal model under photocatalytic conditions was established, and the reaction principle of cobalt-based alloys under ultraviolet photocatalysis and chemical corrosion conditions was described. We designed a corrosion solution configuration test and established a cobalt-based alloy processing test based on a pneumatic wheel test platform. The processing test proved that the combination of ultraviolet (UV) photocatalysis and Basic Yellow 40 + TiO2 chemical corrosion pretreatment can significantly increase the mechanical material removal rate of cobalt-based alloy materials and effectively reduce surface roughness. At the same time, processing efficiency can be increased over 40%. This showed that the new method is capable of performing well in the field of mold cobalt-based alloy coating processing in the future.

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Han, Jiabin, and J. William Carey. "Localized CO2 corrosion propagation at moderate FeCO3 supersaturation initiated by mechanical removal of corrosion scale." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 41, no. 11 (July 24, 2011): 1367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0337-5.

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Yong, X., C. Hou, J. Wu, Z. Zhang, and D. Li. "Cavitation Corrosion Behavior of Anodized Aluminum Alloy." Corrosion 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 095003–095003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3628685.

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Abstract The cavitation corrosion behavior and surface morphology of anodized aluminum alloy in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution were investigated using weight loss and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical corrosion mechanism during cavitation corrosion was studied using electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The cavitation corrosion process could be divided into three stages: quick removal of the porous outer layer, slowly fragmenting and removing of the dense inner layer, and fast erosion of the aluminum alloy. Increasing the thickness of the anodized layer improved the cavitation corrosion resistance of the anodized aluminum alloy. Electrochemical corrosion processes under cavitation conditions were controlled by mixed cathodic and anodic processes. EIS spectra of anodized aluminum alloy under cavitation conditions resembled those from porous electrodes. Cavitation accelerated the electrochemical corrosion. Cavitation corrosion of anodized aluminum alloy showed strong synergism between mechanical and electrochemical corrosion factors.

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Qu, Cheng Tun, Xin Wang, Hong Guang Su, Jing Tian, and Xue Yang. "Corrosion Factors Analysis and Anti-Corrosion Measures Research of Changqing Oil Field Concentrated Treatment Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1144.

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In this experiment the main corrosion factors of produced water in Changqing Oil Field concentrated treatment station was studied. In terms of ion component analysis, dissolved oxygen detection, bacteria content measurement, corrosion rate determination, as well as Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) method. And the corrosion products Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM/EDX) were conducted. The results showed that the TGB content, pH value, S2-content, HCO3-, and dissolved oxygen content were the main corrosion factors. This study indicated that the corrosion rate of the system could be reduced from 0.0872mm/a to 0.0074mm by increasing pH value of oilfield produced water appropriately, strengthening the intensity of sulfur removal, controlling the bacterial content by adding fungicides etc.

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Crane, Richard A., and Thomas B. Scott. "The Removal of Uranium onto Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles in Anoxic Batch Systems." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/956360.

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The removal of uranium (U) onto nanoscale zero-valent iron particles has been studied for uranium-bearing mine water and synthetic uranyl solutions in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen. The work has been conducted in order to investigate the differential nanoparticle corrosion behaviour and associated mechanisms of U removal behaviour in conditions representative of near-surface and deep groundwater systems. Batch systems were analysed over a 28-day reaction period during which the liquid and nanoparticulate solids were periodically analysed to determine chemical evolution of the solutions and particulates. Analysis of aqueous samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry recorded near-total U removal after 1 hour of reaction in all systems studied. However, in the latter stages of the reaction (after 48 hours), significant rerelease of uranium was recorded for the mine water batch system with dissolved O2present. In contrast, less than 2% uranium rerelease was recorded for the anoxic batch system. Concurrent analysis of extracted nanoparticle solids using X-ray diffraction recorded significantly slower corrosion of the nanoparticles in the anoxic batch system, with residual metallic iron maintained until after 28 days of reaction compared to only 7 days of reaction in systems with dissolved O2present. Results provide clear evidence that the corrosion lifespan and associated U6+removal efficacy of nanoscale zero-valent iron replace enhanced in the absence of dissolved oxygen.

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Xiang, Kun, Pan Geng, Xuan Sun, Shasha Yuan, Peng Du, and Xing Li. "Study on Shock Disinfection in a Fire Extinguishing Water Supply System." Water 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13212967.

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The biofilms generated in a fire extinguishing water supply system can cause corrosion and a reduction in the water supply capacity; thus, degrading the system performance. To mitigate microbial corrosion, appropriate disinfection measures are necessary. In this study, the secondary addition of chlorine is employed to investigate the kinetics of chlorine decay, and shock disinfection is applied to investigate the removal efficiency of corrosion bacteria, and the microbial composition of a biofilm on the pipe wall was also clarified. The results show that the residual chlorine content in the secondary chlorination process was directly correlated with the decay rate of residual chlorine and the corrosion rate of the pipe wall. Additionally, the chlorine impact disinfection method could reduce the electrochemical corrosion phenomenon of the pipe wall. When the concentration of chlorine was 3 mg/L, the removal rate of corrosion bacteria was higher in 60 min than in 30 min. Specifically, most of the bacteria were inactivated in 60 min and the biofilm was severely damaged. Shock disinfection could significantly inactivate all microflora in the biofilm; the relative abundances of microflora varied significantly, while the change of microflora at the phylum level was insignificant. This study can provide theoretical support for the secondary addition of chlorine and shock disinfection in a fire extinguishing water supply system.

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Choung, Y. K., and S. J. Jeon. "Phosphorus removal in domestic wastewater using anaerobic fixed beds packied with iron contactors." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0035.

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The objective of this study is to develop an alternative phosphorus removal system for small-scale plants disposing domestic wastewater. In order to promote anaerobic microbial corrosion by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), a bench-scale upflow anaerobic fixed bed (UAFB) packed with iron contactors was installed, and operated to investigate the treatment characteristics of domestic wastewater from an apartment complex. It was found that there is a linear relationship between anaerobic corrosion and sulfate reduction by SRB within the range of operational conditions. As the results of introducing the UAFBs prior to an anoxic/oxic process, phosphorus removal efficiencies were enhanced with no adverse effects on nitrification and denitrification.

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Chen, Yi Qun, Wu Yao, and Xiao Ming Xing. "Tentative Study on Sonoelectrochemical Chloride Extraction from Mortar." Key Engineering Materials 539 (January 2013): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.153.

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This paper presents the first use of ultrasound technique during electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE). The effect of ultrasound on the extraction efficiency was studied, and the mechanism of ultrasound in improving the extraction efficiency was also discussed in this paper. Testing results showed that ultrasound was conducive to enhance the efficiency of chloride removal to a certain extent, especially in the first 3 weeks. Ultimately, compared with ECE treatment, the chloride removal efficiency of ultrasonic-assisted ECE nearly increased 10%. In addition, the corrosion potentials measured 2 months after treatment indicated the effectiveness of ultrasonic-assisted ECE in protecting eroded rebars from further corrosion.

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Magnussen, O. M., and R. J. Behm. "Atomic-Scale Processes in Cu Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 7 (July 1999): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400052659.

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The electrochemical dissolution of clean, oxide-free metal surfaces in electrolyte solutions is a fundamental process in metal corrosion as well as in technological etching and metal-refinement processes. Due to fundamental interest and for industrial reasons, dissolution processes and the effect of organic corrosion inhibitors have been studied intensely, concentrating on the determination of macroscopic etch rates and the effect of varying chemical parameters upon the etch kinetics. In the 1920s, ideas for the microscopic mechanism of the dissolution and the reverse deposition reaction had already been put forward by Stranski, who suggested that dissolution (growth) is dominated by detachment (attachment) of atoms at low coordination sites of the crystal surface and at kink sites along monoatomically high steps (see the schematic model in Figure 1). These kink sites are preserved during the removal (or addition) of the basic building blocks of the crystal (e.g., single metal atoms for elemental metals) and hence can sustain a continuous dissolution reaction. However, the direct verification of these ideas was impossible for more than seven decades, due to the very complex (defect) structure of the surfaces of typical metal electrodes, the presumably dominating effects of these defects on the etch process, and the lack of structurally sensitive probes suitable for in situ structural characterization.

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Garnier, Philippe, Marine Audouin, Christian Pizzetti, Virginie Loup, Laurence Gabette, Carlos Morote, David Dekraker, and Brent Schwab. "Selective Nickel Platinum Removal without Titanium Nitride Metal Gate Corrosion." Solid State Phenomena 314 (February 2021): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.314.289.

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During silicide formation, unreacted NiPt metals is traditionally removed either by aqua regia (ESH concern) or SPM. This latter can easily degrade the device yield in HKMG (High K Metal Gate) nodes if the metal gates (usually TiN based) aren’t perfectly encapsulated. First some new characterizations are presented to better understand the NiPt metal alloy removal, then a new solution is given to be able to remove this alloy without degrading HKMG materials.

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Nesterenko, S. V., L. P. Bannikov, and Yu N. Skripiy. "Corrosion by the absorbing solution in vacuum–carbonate sulfur removal." Coke and Chemistry 58, no. 10 (October 2015): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x15100075.

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Arnold, Roger B., Allian Griffin, and Marc Edwards. "Controlling copper corrosion in new construction by organic matter removal." Journal - American Water Works Association 104, no. 5 (May 2012): E310—E317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0072.

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Fomina, M. A., K. E. Zakharov, I. A. Volkov, and A. L. Ivanov. "RESEARCH OF THE CORROSION AGGRESSIVENESS OF STRIPPERS OF NATIVE AND FOREIGN PRODUCTION USED FOR REMOVAL OF PAINT COATINGS." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 12 (2021): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-12-73-85.

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In this work was explored the removal possibility of strippers by acid, alkaline and organic bases, was explored the corrosion effect of strippers for typical metal materials for aircrafts the aluminium alloys 1163-T, B95-T2, the steel 30HGSA. The fact of the corrosive effect of strippers for metal materials was experimentally substantiated. The negative impact of the several strippers (in the case of their mixing) for the surface of the fragments of the aluminum alloy cladding, and, accordingly, on the resource characteristics (low-cycle fatigue), is studied, using the example of the B95-T2 alloy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Corrosion removal'

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