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Journal articles on the topic 'Corruption and malpractice'
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Dewah, Peterson, Ndlelenhle Mpala, and Patience Huni. "Consequences of corruption in a public university and records as a tool for concealing malpractice." ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives 39, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/esarjo.v39i1.4.
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Corruption has emerged as one of the critical issues in institutions of higher learning. The fight against corruption has become increasingly sophisticated and as such requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Records are key in providing evidence that can be used to convict perpetrators. However, while records are supposed to provide evidence of malpractices, some records are manipulated to supply wrong information and by so doing, corruption is concealed and perpetuated in universities. The study aimed at establishing how corruption is hidden and perpetuated through the use of some records in a public university in Zimbabwe, yet records should serve as proof of malpractices. The study was underpinned by the post-positivist paradigm, and the quantitative research approach was used. The study adopted a survey design with questionnaires administered to the four administrative sections of the university. The results indicated that abuse of authority, favouritism and tribalism were common forms of corruption in this higher institution of learning. The study concluded that while corruption is cancerous and evil, and tarnishes the image of this institution, it is the poor records management practices that contribute immensely to higher levels of malpractices. The study recommends improved records management and that there should be civics and ethics education on corruption in order to curb the cancerous spread of malpractices in this university.
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Chinyere, Amini-Philips,, and Ogbuagwu, Chukwuma. "Corruption and Administration of Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria." World Journal of Social Science 4, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v4n2p12.
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Corruption in this paper refers to absurd or deviant disposition of people in institutions of higher learning whichviolates the ethical standards. The prevalence of corruption in tertiary institutions is viewed to negate the core values ofeducation at this level. Major themes discussed included definition of corruption, corruption in Nigerian society andhigher learning institutions, highlighting the various aspects and shapes of corruption in Nigerian higher institutions.Dimensions of corruption identified included students, lecturers, non-academic staff and administrators. The shapes ofcorruption among students included bribing of lecturers for unmerited grades, cultism, examination malpractice,attacks on lecturers for stopping students from indulging in examination malpractice, fiscal extortion from innocentstudents by fellow students who form themselves into “lecturers’ boys”. Forms of corruption among lecturers includeddemanding huge amount of money, sex from female students for high grade, etc. Among non-teaching staff, the shadesof corruption included monetary extortion from students before they see their results, demanding of money fromunsuspecting parents in the guise that they are lecturers with a promise to secure admission for their children/wards,they also act as agents for lecturers, receiving money from students for higher grades after examination. At theadministrator's level, shades of corruption included misappropriation and misapplication of fund meant for capitalprojects, offer of admission to undeserving students for a fee while deserving candidates are by-passed, amongst others.Impact of corruption on higher education administration was discussed and means that can be adopted or adapted tocurb the menace were suggested.
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Nwarukweh, Charles O. "У НАПРЯМКУ ДО БОРОТЬБИ З ЛИХАМИ В СУЧАСНІЙ НІГЕРІЇ." Humanities journal, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2018.4.08.
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The article develops a new approach towards understanding and explaining the causes behind the prevailing level of insecurity, corruption and other vices in Nigeria today. The paper has attempted to examine corruption with regard to leadership in Nigeria, highlighting the peculiar problems with the socio-political class in Nigeria. There is hardly any facet of the social, economic or political life of this country that is not immune to the menace of corruption. Most of the ills plaguing the nation at present stemmed from both internal and global structural injustices, which had led to economic exploitation, poverty, unemployment, electoral malpractice, kidnapping/armed robbery, social insecurity and other vices which has mared the economy of the country.
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Ajlouni, Musa T. "Integrity and Corruption in the Health Sector in Jordan: The Perceptions of Leaders of Non-government Health Organizations (NGHOs)." International Business Research 10, no. 2 (January 6, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n2p95.
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Corruption is a complex social and economic phenomenon which does not only threaten equity, but also health outcomes. This study aims at identifying corruption practices in the health sector in Jordan, factors that promote these practices and policy directions to control them as perceived by leaders of non–government health care organizations (NGHOs). The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches. 24 NGHOs leaders participated in a one -day workshop and were divided into three sub-groups to address areas of corruption in the health sector in Jordan based on a conceptual model which addresses corruption according to the main actors, namely: regulators, providers, payers, patients and suppliers. The findings of the three sub-groups were put together by the researcher and were sent to the participants by email for validation and ranking.The results showed that organizers’ corruption was mainly manifested in favoritism, seeking personal interest, failure to base decisions on evidence and accepting bribes from suppliers. Corruption among providers was perceived mainly in nepotism and favoritism among doctors, especially in malpractice cases, evasion of taxes and fees and overcharging patients. Corruption caused by suppliers was manifested in tax evasion, bribing and fraud. Corruption caused by patients was perceived in trying to get free care by under reporting their income, deceiving insurers to obtain benefits and stealing and vandalism. Corruption related to health insurers was manifested in tax evasion, incapacitating patients and delaying approvals of claims and unjustified deductions on patients’ bills. Causes of corruption and interventions to improve integrity in the health sector were also addressed by the participants.
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Pierce. "The Invention of Corruption: Political Malpractice and Selective Prosecution in Colonial Northern Nigeria." Journal of West African History 2, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.2.2.0001.
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Onwujekwe, Obinna, Prince Agwu, Charles Orjiakor, Martin McKee, Eleanor Hutchinson, Chinyere Mbachu, Aloysius Odii, et al. "Corruption in Anglophone West Africa health systems: a systematic review of its different variants and the factors that sustain them." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 7 (August 4, 2019): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz070.
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AbstractWest African countries are ranked especially low in global corruption perception indexes. The health sector is often singled out for particular concern given the role of corruption in hampering access to, and utilization of health services, representing a major barrier to progress to universal health coverage and to achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. The first step in tackling corruption systematically is to understand its scale and nature. We present a systematic review of literature that explores corruption involving front-line healthcare providers, their managers and other stakeholders in health sectors in the five Anglophone West African (AWA) countries: Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, identifying motivators and drivers of corrupt practices and interventions that have been adopted or proposed. Boolean operators were adopted to optimize search outputs and identify relevant studies. Both grey and published literature were identified from Research Gate, Yahoo, Google Scholar, Google and PubMed, and reviewed and synthesized around key domains, with 61 publications meeting our inclusion criteria. The top five most prevalent/frequently reported corrupt practices were (1) absenteeism; (2) diversion of patients to private facilities; (3) inappropriate procurement; (4) informal payments; and (5) theft of drugs and supplies. Incentives for corrupt practices and other manifestations of corruption in the AWA health sector were also highlighted, while poor working conditions and low wages fuel malpractice. Primary research on anti-corruption strategies in health sectors in AWA remains scarce, with recommendations to curb corrupt practices often drawn from personal views and experience rather that of rigorous studies. We argue that a nuanced understanding of all types of corruption and their impacts is an important precondition to designing viable contextually appropriate anti-corruption strategies. It is a particular challenge to identify and tackle corruption in settings where formal rules are fluid or insufficiently enforced.
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Ojo, Olumuyiwa K., Olusola Ayandele, and Sunday A. Egbeleye. "Euphemisms of Corruption among Students of Higher Institutions in South West Nigeria." Journal of Language and Education 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2020.10436.
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Corruption is a pervasive practice in Nigeria that is commonly associated with government officials who divert public funds for private use, while minimal attention is paid to acts of corruption in the educational sector. This study, which is part of research on how language is used to drive and conceal corruption in Nigeria, aims at revealing some corrupt practices in Nigerian higher institutions that are concealed because of the euphemistic language used by students to describe and help perpetuate corrupt practices in their relationships with academic and non-academic staff of different institutions. Four institutions of higher education in south-west Nigeria were purposively selected and focus group discussions were conducted with 54 conveniently selected students of these institutions to collect qualitative data on the explanation of linguistic codes derived from the first phase of this study. The findings revealed extensive usage of ‘runs’ as a superordinate code for diverse acts of corruption including: sex for marks, cash for marks, sex/cash for grade alterations, examination malpractice, and the use of fake documents. Parents and guardians need to listen closely to the language of students in higher education for early detection of assimilation and acceptance of corrupt practices as a way of life.
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Pruskus, Valdas. "Corruption in a Comprehensive School: Sociological Diagnosis and Educational Providence." Coactivity: Philology, Educology 15, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/coactivity.2007.37.
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The article is about the phenomenon of corruption in a comprehensive school. It analyses the expression forms of corruption and their peculiarities and disputes the main reasons stimulating educators to take part in corrupt interchanges thus tolerate it. On the ground of empirical research in Vilnius secondary schools it discloses attitudes of teachers, schoolchildren and parents towards corruption. The research was carried out in Vilnius Salomėja Nėris gymnasium, Vilnius Mikalojus Daukša secondary school, Mindaugas secondary school, Užupys gymnasium, Antakalnis gymnasium, Naujamiestis secondary school and Stanevičius secondary school. Overall 500 respondents were questioned: 300 pupils of ninth – twelfth forms, 100 teachers and 100 parents of schoolchildren. Difficult financial circumstances were pointed out as the main reason stimulating teachers to take part in corrupt interchanges. This answer was chosen by 42 per cent of respondents. Most of them think that raising wages would reduce corruption crimes. The research data show it is an important problem in schools though 70 per cent of respondents state it is not the biggest problem in their school. Only 15 per cent of questioned schoolchildren, 4 per cent of parents and 14 percent of teachers safely state that corruption is the main problem in their school. About 20 per cent of respondents (21.4 per cent of schoolchildren, 19 per cent of parents and 21 per cent of teachers) acknowledge of making a payoff or receiving an offer to take it. Respondents state that 30 per cent of their friends and relatives made a payoff to school staff. 26.7 percent of schoolchildren and 27 per cent of parents’ acquaintances made a payoff to school staff. Only the answers of teachers did not change – 21 per cent of their colleagues were offered a payoff. These results do not let affirm that corruption is very widely spread in schools and therefore could be named as the biggest problem here. Though corruption rate at school can not be named as high but it is clear corruption does exist there and it requires operative solutions. As the research shows the mostly spread form of a payoff at school is a present such as sweets, coffee, alcohol. 90 per cent of respondents point namely such form of presents. Money is also sometimes paid as a payoff, but not so often. Huge sums of money are seldom paid and they are assigned to administrational staff but not a private teacher. The analysis of schoolchildren, their parents and teachers’ attitude towards corruption in general shows that it is condemned. More than 70 per cent of respondents agree with an opinion that corruption at school is a crime. Most respondents (more than 80 per cent) qualify corruption as “taking of a payoff” and “graft”. Defining corruption respondents mostly described it as “bribery” (30 per cent). Parents (25 per cent) and teachers (23 per cent) understand corruption as exercising of an official position. Schoolchildren (17 per cent) rate corruption as malpractice. Respondents in secondary schools attribute “a payoff and direct payout”, “presents seeking benefit” and “buying of tests and examinations’ questions and answers which are distributed by teachers” to corrupt actions. In the light of these research data particular measures reducing corruption are offered.
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Lesiakowski, Krzysztof. "Professional Negligence, Mismanagement and Malpractice. Polish Companies in the Light of Supreme Audit Office Materials in the Years 1976-1980." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 34, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sho-2016-0009.
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Abstract The birth of the “Solidarity” Independent Self-governing Trade Union in 1980 was accompanied by a strong revisionist movement. The Polish society expected punishment for the previous administration, led by Edward Gierek, as it was their policy up to that point that resulted with enormous external debt and ubiquitous shortages of consumer goods. A lot was said about wastefulness, corruption and professional negligence, both in the state administration and in the managements of Polish companies. And these opinions were somehow justified, as evidenced by the results of audits performed by the Supreme Audit Office (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli, NIK) in the years 1976–1980. Information recorded in the audit documentation was in line with the social attitudes. Due to formal and legal conditions back then, NIK auditors could not inspect the most important companies, however they managed to prove that the scale of illegal actions committed by directors and managers was large and increased year by year.
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Kahachi, Hussaen Ali Hasan. "Analyzing Public Transportation Plans to Addressing Traffic Congestions in Developing Countries." Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning 18, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36041/iqjap.v15i1.473.
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Traffic congestions is one of the main problems for many cities especially in newly urbanizing countries worldwide. The issue of traffic congestions has major impact not only on the planning of the city, but also on many aspects such as residence overall well-being. Governments often try to address this issue through a number of initiatives, most important of which is promoting public transport in order to reduce the dependency on private cars in the city. This research analyzed state-led public transportation initiatives impact on addressing traffic congestion in developing countries through a case study of the Greater Cairo Region in Egypt. The research specifically focused on two state-led public transportation programs, namely the Great Cairo Transport Authority (CTA) program to improve the existing public transport services in GCR and the GCR underground metro program during the 1990s to early 2010s. The research found that although these programs were successful in limiting the increase of privately owned cars and taxies in GCR, they did not decrease traffic congestions due to a number of issues including malpractice, political and administrative corruption, and rapid population growth and increased population densities that almost doubled in the period from early 1990s to early 2010s.
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Kahachi, Hussaen Ali Hasan. "Analyzing Public Transportation Plans to Addressing Traffic Congestions in Developing Countries." Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning 18, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36041/iqjap.v18i1.473.
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Traffic congestions is one of the main problems for many cities especially in newly urbanizing countries worldwide. The issue of traffic congestions has major impact not only on the planning of the city, but also on many aspects such as residence overall well-being. Governments often try to address this issue through a number of initiatives, most important of which is promoting public transport in order to reduce the dependency on private cars in the city. This research analyzed state-led public transportation initiatives impact on addressing traffic congestion in developing countries through a case study of the Greater Cairo Region in Egypt. The research specifically focused on two state-led public transportation programs, namely the Great Cairo Transport Authority (CTA) program to improve the existing public transport services in GCR and the GCR underground metro program during the 1990s to early 2010s. The research found that although these programs were successful in limiting the increase of privately owned cars and taxies in GCR, they did not decrease traffic congestions due to a number of issues including malpractice, political and administrative corruption, and rapid population growth and increased population densities that almost doubled in the period from early 1990s to early 2010s.
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Lei, Xubin, and Shusheng Wu. "Nonlinear Effects of Governmental and Civil Environmental Regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity in China." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8351512.
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This paper employs metafrontier Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure green total factor productivity and then builds panel model to investigate the nonlinear effects of both governmental and civil environmental regulation on green total factor productivity in 30 provinces of China in 2007–2016, where the threshold variables are environmental awareness and regulatory foundation. The results show that green total factor productivity takes the characteristic of cyclical fluctuation, and the magnitude and its growth rate in the eastern region are higher than those in the midwestern region. The degrees of the governmental and civil environmental regulation and green total factor productivity display single environmental awareness threshold and regulatory foundation threshold. It should be noted that the sign of governmental and civil environmental regulation on green total factor productivity will transform from negative to positive, if and only if threshold variables ascend and surpass the threshold value. Under the condition of metafrontier technology, governmental environmental awareness threshold value, based on the investigated corruption and malpractice cases by the procuratorates among every hundred thousand people, reaches 0.2158, and civil environmental awareness threshold value based on the per capita education level will attain 12.2330 years, and the corresponding regulatory foundation index threshold values are 0.0163 and 0.0154. These findings show clear policy implications: rather than continually promoting the level of governmental environmental regulation, civil performance, environmental awareness, and regulatory foundation should be considered.
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PÉREZ MONGUIÓ, José María. "Del chivato al cooperador: el whistleblowing." RVAP 115, no. 115 (December 30, 2019): 343–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.115.2019.10.
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LABURPENA: Administrazioaren barruko ustelkeriaren eta jardunbide okerren aurkako borrokan ez da neurririk zehaztu, hura erauzi edo behintzat kontrolatzeko aukera emango duenik. Testuinguru horretan, indarrez dator whistleblowing izeneko neurria, lagungarri gisa, argi erakutsi baitu eraginkorra dela horri dagokionez. Hala ere, hura legedi espainiarrean sartzea ez da erraz eta azkar egiten den gauza izaten ari; izan ere, birdefinizio juridiko eta kulturala eskatzen du, espainiar legediaren eremua ez dagoelako a priori prestatuta hura bezalako neurri bat bertan ezartzeko. ABSTRACT: In fighting corruption and malpractice within the Administration, there is not a single measure that secures its erradication nor simply its monitoring. In this context, it emerges with force the whistleblowing as a contributing measure that has been proven effective in this task. Nevertheless, its introduction into the Spanish legal order is not easy as long as it requires both a legal and cultural redefinition in order to embed it in a field that a priori is not prepared for its rooting. RESUMEN: En la lucha contra la corrupción y las malas praxis en la Administración no se ha individualizado una única medida que permita no ya erradicarla sino simplemente controlarla. En este contexto, surge con fuerza el whistleblowing como una medida coadyuvante que ha demostrado su efectividad en este cometido. Sin embargo, su introducción en el ordenamiento jurídico español no está siendo ni fácil ni rápida en la medida que requiere una redefinición tanto jurídica como cultural para poder ser insertada en un terreno que a priori no está preparado para el arraigo de la misma.
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Hair, P. E. H., and Jonathan D. Davies. "Sierra Leone and the Grand Duke of Tuscany." History in Africa 20 (1993): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171965.
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In 1606 Philip II of Portugal (and III of Spain) granted to a faithful court official, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Pereira, the captaincy of Sierra Leone in Guinea, subject to his establishing an effective settlement there. This was on the lines of previous royal grants of other areas of the Atlantic world—the fifteenth-century grants of the Portuguese Atlantic islands, the grants of segments of the coast of Brazil in the 1530s, and of the coast of Angola in the 1570s. These earlier grants had led to the extension of Portuguese domain, that is, conquista, confirmed in the earlier instances by settlement but the grant made to Pedro Álvares Pereira led to no permanent settlement at Sierra Leone and not even to Portuguese overrule of the African peoples of the district. A first attempt to carry out the terms of the grant, made in 1606 through the agency of a Jesuit missionary, Fr. Baltasar Barreira, lost its initial momentum because of a sudden decline in the fortunes of Pedro Álvares Pereira. In 1608 he fell out of favor at the court, accused of corruption and malpractice—a not uncommon happening in the jealously competitive arena of the Madrid court—and hence was unable to send ships and supplies to Sierra Leone to substantiate his grant. Eventually he returned to favour and between 1612 and 1616 tried again, but for reasons which are not entirely clear but apparently included the loss of agents in a marine disaster, he gave up the struggle and in 1621, just before he died, he relinquished the grant.
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Lee, George Chak man. "Police corruption: a comparison between China and India." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 248–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2017-0096.
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Purpose There is no comparative research into the Chinese (PSB) police and the Indian police generally and none on police corruption in particular. This paper aims to show what police corruption and malpractices look like in China and India and offer up some suggestions as to why wide spread malpractices persists. Design/methodology/approach Horses’ mouth qualitative research is supported by primary public and police survey data. Findings There are many similarities in corruption “tricks of the trade” in both the countries, as well as in the reasons for its persistence. However, petty police corruption is more pervasive and less subtle in India. But both the forces suffer from politicization of policing, criminalization of politics, culture of tolerance towards substantive justice over procedural justice and master/servant attitude towards the public. In China, the police have administrative powers beyond criminal legislation, and Indian corruption is underscored by the culture of “Jugaad”. Research limitations/implications This is largely a qualitative research, so the usual arguments regarding limitations on its generalization applies. However, the insights in this article may provide some understanding of this under-researched topic and may stimulate further research in this field. It may also offer pointers to potential solutions for practitioners and policymakers. Practical implications By providing data on what corruption looks like and why it persists, policymakers can use the findings of this study to develop measures to address them. In so doing they would create a police service in India and China that is less prone to corruption and misconduct, thereby increasing public trust in these institutions. Social implications Peace and security is a prerequisite condition for economic and social modernization through the rule of law. Reform of the police is a critical success factor in this process. Therefore, by reforming the police, India and China stand a better chance of eradicating poverty and reducing inequality. Originality/value There is little in the way of research into the Chinese Police and none into Chinese police corruption. There is also no comparative study of the Chinese and Indian police generally and none on police corruption in particular.
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Ihonvbere, Julius O. "The 1999 Presidential Elections in Nigeria: The Unresolved Issues." Issue 27, no. 1 (1999): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700503151.
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One can say with certainty that all the contradictions that had bedeviled previous democratic experiments in Nigeria were present and magnified in the February 27, 1999 election: divided loyalties, manipulation of primordial identities and loyalties, corruption and other election malpractices, lack of political discipline, and limited attention to serious structural questions.Why did Chief Olu Falae lose the election to General Olusegun Obasanjo? Several reasons can be advanced. First, Obasanjo’s People’s Democratic Party (PDP) clearly had more money. Obasanjo was able to donate N 130 million and several cars to his party.
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Thompson Ojo, Ade, and Olusegun Felix Ayadi. "Financial malpractices and stock market development in Nigeria." Journal of Financial Crime 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2013-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the prevalence of corruption and other unwholesome financial practices in Nigeria contributed substantially to the stunted growth of the capital market in general, and the stock market in particular. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employed Gregory–Hansen cointegration approach to test the long-run equilibrium relationship between the occurrence of predatory banking practices and stock market capitalization in Nigeria. Findings – There exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between bank fraud and stock market capitalization but with a structural break in 2005. Practical implications – There is an urgent need to overhaul and re-assess from time to time the existing systems of internal checks and controls in banks, as well as other financial institutions in Nigeria. Originality/value – This paper is the first to empirically test the long-run equilibrium relationship between bank fraud and stock market capitalization in Nigeria.
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Paudyal, Daya Ram, and Lakshmi Narayan Mishra. "ON APPROXIMATION OF SUM OF CONVERGENT SERIES." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 0421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl6iss3pp0421-0428.
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The paper has given a clear opinion on the progress of environmental protection and sustainability in the Nigerian context. The environmental regulations scenario in the country is marred by malpractices and corruption more stringent policy enforcement will help in the achievement of environmental protection. This paper deals with a specialized method of approximating the sum of an infinite series containing positive terms which are monotonically decreasing. The analysis has been done by taking some references done by the great mathematician Leonhard Euler with some special examples. Consequently, we have established a relation to estimate the sum of convergent infinite series
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Alfa, Patrick Innocent, Otaida Eikojonwa, and Isah Ibn-Mohammed. "The Political Class as a Threat to Democracy in Nigera's Fourth Republic." Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/rope.v2i2.1716.
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The quest by Nigeria to make appreciable progress in her democratic journey has been a herculean task. This is due the antidemocratic actions of the political class This article aims at identifying how actions of the political class act as a backward clog to democratic growth in the country. Crucial among the causative factors is the fact that its political class decelerate the country's democracy by their abysmal display of undemocratic tendencies. They perpetrate these through a several ways which include: godfatherism, succession crises and abuse of incumbency, electoral malpractices, electoral violence, political alienation, travesty of justice, recourse to primordial cleavages, corruption and inconsistent policy inconsistency, human rights abuse, to mention but some... This article is qualitative. It argues that there is need to make reform in the Electoral Act and strengthen the anti-corruption crusade in order to check the excesses of the political class and record fundamental gains in Nigeria's democratic experience.
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Hilman, Rifki Suja. "Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Solusi Krisis Ekonomi." FALAH: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jes.v2i2.5100.
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The economic crisis in perceptive Islam is inseparable from economic practices that are contrary to Islamic values, such as usury (monopoly), corruption, and other malpractices. But the common mistake made in identifying the root of the crisis that occurred only limited to the search on the symptom (symptoms). As a result, healing is only temporary, like analgesic drugs, temporarily relieving pain. At the Moments later, the crisis reappeared, even deeper and more serious. This paper tries to uncover some of the causes of the economic crisis, along with the solutions offered by Islamic economics as an effort to solve the crisis that has occurred.
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Martin, Michaela. "External quality assurance in higher education: how can it address corruption and other malpractices?" Quality in Higher Education 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2016.1144903.
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Ramasamy, Ramesh. "Governance and administration in Sri Lanka: trends, tensions, and prospects." Public Administration and Policy 23, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-03-2020-0020.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the status of governance and administration in Sri Lanka in light of current crises and the impact on the quality of governance.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed method approach is employed to explore the problem based on secondary data and results from two major surveys.FindingsThis paper shows political and administrative commitment and quality of governance are two basic ingredients for rapid development and fighting administrative malpractices. Sri Lanka’s system of governance is a mixture of paternalism and alliance developed through political dynasty, kinship, ethnicity, caste, religion, and elitism.Originality/valueThis study fills the research gap as few studies have examined the recent crises of Sri Lanka’s governance and the impacts on governance quality.Policy implicationsOnly by implementing administrative and policy reforms will not improve governance quality in the absence of strong political and bureaucratic commitment. Moreover, global anti-corruption measures are unlikely to work in the Sri Lankan context.
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Ighalo, Joshua, Adewale George Adeniyi, and Kevin Shegun Otoikhian. "RECENT ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL POLLUTED SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER IN THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT." Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 0416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl6iss3pp0416-0420.
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Over the years, Nigerian researchers in environmental engineering and chemistry have been evaluating a variety of technologies for the remediation of petroleum industry polluted surface and groundwater. In this mini-review, the recent advances in this regard over the past two years were evaluated. This was done as an appraisal of research efforts to understand the current research trend and gain a proper perspective of the required/needed future approach in the research area. It was observed that most studies are still focusing on evaluating the problems instead of finding actual solutions. Development of workable and novel solutions are urgently needed. It can be in the form of better remediation techniques or via the development of alternative technologies for utilizing the waste/pollutant materials. The paper has given a clear opinion on the progress of environmental protection and sustainability in the Nigerian context. The environmental regulations scenario in the country is marred by malpractices and corruption more stringent policy enforcement will help in the achievement of environmental protection.
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Krüger, L. P. "The influence of transformational policies on the operational competitiveness of South African businesses." South African Journal of Business Management 44, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v44i2.153.
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Since the dawn of democracy in South Africa in 1994, transformational policies such as black economic empowerment (BEE) and affirmative action (AA) have increasingly and inextricably become part of the everyday political, economic and social life of its populace. As a result, South African businesses are subject to a whole array of mandatory regulations which ostensibly influence their operational capabilities to effectively and efficiently compete in national and global markets. In a survey of the largest 500 (including the top 100 JSE listed) companies in South Africa, it appears that transformational policies are positively supported and endorsed, although their impact on the operational competitiveness of these companies is largely unclear and unknown. A number of warning signs, however, are now being detected from reports in the popular media and in the academic literature about the possible negative consequences of such policies. BEE malpractices, which basically result in the continuation of past injustices against the majority of poor and unskilled people of the country, are becoming increasingly evident. Even more alarming is the fact that the corruption, nepotism and self-enrichment that accompany most BEE transactions are attributed to the ruling ANC political elite.
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Reayat, Nauman, Neelam Farid, Muhammad Kamran Khan, and Anwarul Mujahid Shah. "Judicial Activism and Its Implications for Good Governance: A Case for Judicial Reforms in Pakistan." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i1.94.
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Judicial activism plays an important role in shaping various countries' political contexts with different political systems and regime types. Academic literature and debates are divided among various groups in favour and against judicial activism. This work reviews range of available data to probe case of judicial activism in Pakistan from 2005 to 2013. Judicial activism in Pakistan seemed to be short-lived and selective in nature. The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) exercised activism without limits in cases against representative parliamentarians who were already constrained in many matters by other unconstitutional powers. No doubt, it reviewed various malpractices of the executive in the domain of public policy and governance, which enhanced its legitimacy and popularity. A vibrant media further contributed to the Court's popularity. But the transgression of institutional boundaries by the apex court for 'pious' objectives failed to introduce judicial reforms and eradication of corruption in the lower judiciary. Selectivity in the SCP activism was visible in its limitation to implement some of its verdicts against ex-military officers. This paper discusses these contradictions within the activism by the higher judiciary in Pakistan, and suggests various recommendations in the latter part of the paper.
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Macharia, Waweru Simon, and Ngaba Dominic. "The Effectiveness of Integrated Financial Management Information System in Selected Government Ministries in Kenya: A Theoretical Review." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. V (September 7, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iv.57.
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The modern day challenge of organizations is to have in place information technology systems that can effectively service the needs of the organization, meet the rapid technological changes and be flexible to accommodate enhancements. The Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) is designed to improve systems for financial data recording, tracking and information management. This was in response to increasing demands for greater transparency and accountability in the management of the public’s finances. However, the management of public finance has continued to be dogged with corruption allegation, outright mismanagement, malpractices in the procurement processes, among others. This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of IFMIS in selected government ministries in Kenya. The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of IFMIS on the processing of accounting transactions, establish the extent to which IFMIS has enhanced the procurement process, assess the extent to which IFMIS has enhanced the production of financial records for preparation of annual accounts and to find out whether IFMIS has enhanced the budget processes in government ministries in Kenya. This study will rely on theoretical models that provide a foundation for the research topic. Specifically, this study rely on Technology Acceptance model, Theory of Budgeting and the Cost reduction theory. The study reviews empirical evidence from which conclusions are drawn.
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Marcus Ambe, Intaher. "Insight into supply chain management in a municipal context." Public and Municipal Finance 5, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.5(2).2016.02.
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Supply chain management is strategic to the quest for service delivery excellence in South African municipalities. The supply chain journey in South African municipalities started in 2005 with reforms to introduce internationally accepted procurement best practices. The previous system failed the country due to deficiencies and malpractices resulting from the interpretation, implementation and governance of the preference procurement policy. Today (2016), supply chain management has become a talking point on which citizens are raising major concerns and it is perceived as being handled in a way that financially benefits few individuals. Laws and regulations governing municipal supply chain management are intentionally ignored or flouted by municipal officials resulting in corruption, fruitless, wasteful and unauthorized expenditure. In an effort to address these challenges, the National Treasury continuously provides guidance in terms of policy revision, clarity in the provisions of the supply chain management policy, as well as training to supply chain management officials. This article provides an insight into supply chain management practices in a municipal context in South Africa. It highlights the status, challenges and way forward for the implementation of supply chain management in a municipal environment. Keywords: insight, supply chain management, municipality, public procurement, South Africa. JEL Classification: M38
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Anindyo Widhoyoko, Samuel, Sasmoko ., Aqeel Khan, and Anis Chariri. "Public Engagement for Objective and Holistic Officials’ Evaluation: an Integrated Political-Social-Legal View." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.30 (August 24, 2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18247.
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This research proposes new model of officials’ evaluation grounded on a belief regarding to the urgency of a framework which embraces socio-political aspects holistically. This is derived from national vision in sustainability development demanding a more transparent, reliable, and competent leadership. Regarding to this, distortions often occur due to governance malpractices in the form of corruption which impact officials’ performance as well as environment conduciveness. This phenomenon is taken as a fundamental paradigm of this research which results in a reasoning stating that officials’ objective evaluation. This research realizes that cannot be done by considering officials as a single-role entity. It must consider several roles which impacts and influences several different parties (political, social, and governmental). This research comprehends such gap through comprehensive literature review and transforms all theories in the purpose of building a systematic assessment methodology which captures various aspects from different perspective. In its discussion, this model is proven academically to be able to evaluate officials’ performance objectively through three broad parameters: (1) policies formulation, (2) social engagement, and (3) regulatory submission. In addition, those three categorical assessment would be integrated in a weighted-average system, enabling them to produce a numerical score. In this stage, this framework is applied through information technology is used to capture data from different respondents.
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Mantas, Dimitrios, Damaskos Christos, Dimitrios Mantas, and Spartalis Eleftherios. "The Difference Between Malpractice and Adverse Event: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature." Surgery Case Reports, December 31, 2020, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jscr.2020.04.11.
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Background/Aim: The practice of surgery may lead to unexpected results and most such results come due to risk in the practice of medicine. Our aim is to identify the difference between malpractice and adverse event. Case Presentation: A young male patient who experienced a cascade of adverse events after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and even though he had the ultimate treatment an unknown and extensive atherosclerotic coronary arteries disease had led to a fatal left ventricular corruption due to an extensive myocardial infarction. Results: The relatives of the patient filed a lawsuit against the surgeon due to the perception that death was caused by malpractice. Conclusion: Evidence-based medicine should not become defensive, since not every unpleasant event is due to malpractice or negligence.
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"An Online Voting Platform for Nigeria’s Independent National Electoral Commission." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 1392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2021/1271022021.
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Elections in Nigeria has been plagued by vote buying, ballot box snatching, weak and independent(but dependent on the Executive) electoral management body, corruption and legitimacy crises as well as other forms of election malpractice, violence and irregularities. To curb the incidences of fraud, malpractice and the flagrant absence of transparency, this study introduces the concept of the design and implementation of an online voting platform (OVP) for the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). This application implemented with Python, a powerful web programming language suggests an impartial, electronic and easily managed form of conducting gubernatorial elections (in one of the states) in Nigeria. The database was created using MySQL. The analyses and design of the web application involved some unified modeling diagrams (case, class). The web application promises to eradicate several weakness of the existing system such as slower vote counting, physical location for conducting the gubernatorial polls, inconsistencies and errors resulting from the manual tasks, costliness of the election and most especially delay/ time wastage.
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Lucinde, Fabian, and Geofrey Magani. "FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES AND SURGE IN PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLE CLAIMS IN INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN KENYA." International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies, March 23, 2021, 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52281/jv3i105.
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ABSTRACT In Kenya, all Public Service Vehicles are obligated to have third party liability cover hence motor insurance is key to the sector. The purpose of this study was to establish determinants of rise in PSV claims with reference to the leading PSV underwriters namely; Directline insurance company, Invesco insurance company, and Xplico insurance company. Specific objective was to establish the effect of fraudulent activities on PSV claims in Insurance Industry in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive design with a sample size of 115 respondents from a target population of 382 employees. Data was collected via a questionnaire administered through electronic media. All ethical aspects were observed. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21 software and the results presented in frequencies and other measurements. It was found that fraudulent activities significantly influenced PSV claims. The study also found that the number of claims in the sector kept rising. The study also revealed that many insured regard insurance as a victimless crime and some engage in fraudulent activities based on widespread perception that corruption is an acceptable norm. Some employees of insurance firms often aid outsiders in lodging false claims. False claims also arise situationally where alleged accident victims often report pre-accident losses and defects as if sustained during the accident. To rid the sector of this malpractice, the study recommended urgent measures be instituted by the regulator and stakeholders in the insurance industry to proactively eradicate fraudulent activities. Partnership between PSV operators, underwriters and stakeholders in the transport sector would greatly complement traffic rules. Key words: Fraudulent activities, misrepresentation, surge in PSVclaims
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Silbernagl, Rainer. "Die Entwicklung der Systematik der Amtsdelike und Gedanken zur Korruption im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert in der habsburgischen Gesetzgebung (A Classification of Malpractice and Thoughts on Corruption in the 18th and 19th Centuries in Habsburg Legislation)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3087905.
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