Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cortex somatosensoriel primaire du rat'
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Nguyen, Hien luong. "Plasticité, métaplasticité synaptique et neuronale dans le cortex somatosensoriel primaire chez le rat dans un modèle de douleur inflammatoire prolongée." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS027.
Full textChronic neuropathic or inflammatory pain is believed to result from long-lasting synaptic andneuronal changes in pain pathways, including the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) which codes for pain intensity and location. Using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings from S1 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, we investigated pain-induced plasticity in a rat model (CFA injection) of chronic facial inflammatory pain. We first establish the relation in basal conditions between synaptic activity and (i) bidirectionalsynaptic plasticity (long-term depression/potentiation; LTD/LTP), (ii) changes in the ability to express synaptic plasticity (metaplasticity), (iii) bidirectional changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability (LTP/LTD-IE); i.e. the rules for synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in S1 layer 2/3pyramidal neurons. We then investigated such plasticity processes in CFA-treated rats exhibiting facial mechanical allodynia, at 1 hour and 3 days post-injection. At 1-hour, mechanical allodynia is associated with (i) LTP of excitatory synaptic transmission, together with (ii) an inhibition to generate further LTP but a facilitation to generate LTD (metaplasticity), consistent with LTP of synaptictransmission, (iii) LTP-IE and (iv) reduced dendritic arbor complexity of S1 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. At 3 days, LTP and LTP-IE were still present but metaplasticity and dendritic arbor complexity had returned to control levels
Kremer, Yves. "Direction tuning in layers II/III of rat primary somatosensory cortex using two-photon microscopy in vivo and developments in acousto-optics for multiphoton random access scanning." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066057.
Full textDupont, Erwan. "Caractérisation de la plasticité corticale induite par une privation sensorielle chez le rat et étude des mécanismes par des approches électrophysiologique et moléculaire." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-143-144.pdf.
Full textHouades, Vanessa. "Réseaux astrocytaires et communication jonctionnelle : étude dans le cortex somatosensoriel primaire de projection des vibrisses de souris." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066539.
Full textTruong, Sreng. "Mise en évidence chez le rat de la somatotopie des vibrisses dans une nouvelle aire somatosensorielle secondaire et dans le cortex multisensoriel audio-somatosensoriel." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066569.
Full textBallain, Thierry. "Modélisation de l'activité du cortex primaire olfactif (piriforme) chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE19001.
Full textFerrere, Arnaud. "Rôle du facteur de transcription CDP/Cux1 sur la morphogenèse dendritique des neurones épineux étoilés du cortex somatosensoriel primaire de la souris." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066590.
Full textTremblay, François. "Rôle du cortex somatosensoriel primaire dans la discrimination des textures lors du toucher actif et du toucher passif chez le singe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0027/NQ33095.pdf.
Full textJacob, Vincent. "Intégration spatio-temporelle de scènes tactiles et plasticité fonctionnelle dans le cortex à tonneaux du rat." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066222.
Full textClassically the connections between whiskers and cortical barrels are considered as independent ways. However, the rat generates complex patterns of contacts during active exploration. The cortical receptive fields (RF) are very large suggesting that multiwhisker information converge on each neuron. In order to study the integration of tactile scenes in the cortex, we have developed a matrix of 25 stimulators. We studied the RFs, their dependence to the omission of a predictable stimulus and the selectivity to global direction generated by sequential deflections of the whiskers. Then primary cortex performs an integrated and non-linear analysis of sensory information. Conditions of activity induce long-term modifications of the RFs. We observed modifications of the sensory response whose sign and intensity depended on the order and the time interval between the stimulations and the post-synaptic activation of the recorded neuron. This result is compatible with STDP rules for which this work is the first validation in the in vivo somatosensory cortex
Jeffrey-Gauthier, Renaud. "Couplage neurovasculaire lors de processus reliés à la douleur dans le cortex somesthésique primaire du rat." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6962/1/030592845.pdf.
Full textQuesada, Charles. "L'effet antalgique de stimulations corticales non invasives par stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée (rTMS). : Confirmation de l'intérêt antalgique de la stimulation du cortex moteur primaire et exploration du potentiel d'une nouvelle cible corticale : le cortex somatosensoriel secondaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES056/document.
Full textCentral neuropathic pain is a common sequelae after central nervous system injury. Its negative consequences on the quality of life and the moderate efficacy (40% of responders) of first-line treatments make the search for alternative therapies a major clinical challenge. For several years, the technique of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is presented as an interesting tool to relieve this sort of pain even though its clinical efficacy has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS to relieve central neuropathic pain.We first demonstrated, in an observational study, that a minimum of 4-5 sessions over two months of rTMS at 20HZ on the primary motor cortex (M1) produces pain relief that can be maintained even after a year of stimulation. In order to rule out a possible placebo effect, we objectified the analgesic efficacy by replicating this protocol in a randomized, controlled, cross-over clinical study. The results obtained confirm those of the observational study since the analgesic effect of the active rTMS was significantly greater than the placebo stimulation for the main criterion (% of pain relief, +33%) or pain intensity (VAS, -19%), with 47% of responders. For patients who did not respond to M1 stimulation, we also tested the efficacy of an alternative target in a randomized study: the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). None of the patients were relieved by this stimulation, but the small size of this study does not allow us to definitively conclude that there is no analgesic effect. Finally, given the increasing use of new deeper cortical targets in rTMS for pain treatment, we have from the recording of the magnetic field produced by the rTMS in different media (air and ex-vivo model), proposed a magnetic-field distribution model according to the depth of the target and the type of stimulation coils used.To conclude, this work objectify the analgesic effect of 4 rTMS sessions at 20 Hz of M1 to relieve central neuropathic pain, validating its use when first-line treatments have failed. The results obtained by S2 stimulation as well as magnetic field modeling should allow future studies to explore new cortical targets for patients who are still failing treatment
Corbo, Julien. "Des illusions tactiles à l’intégration spatiotemporelle dans le cortex somesthésique primaire : influence de la temporalité des stimuli cutanés sur leur représentation corticale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0505.
Full textSeveral tactile spatiotemporal illusions suggest that the timing of successive cutaneous stimulations modify the perception of their spatial location. If they are close enough in time and space, shorter inter-stimuli time intervals (ISI) lead to shorted perceived distances. To the extreme of this time-space relation, when the stimuli are simultaneous, subjects report the merged perception of a unique and centered point of stimulation. Therefore, the tactile perceptual system seems to use the time separating two stimuli to compute their spatial distance. To understand the implementation of this perceptual rule, one can investigate the neural representation of the stimuli that elicit the illusory percept, looking for spatial distortions and their underlying mechanisms. Studies based on the measure of the hemodynamic responses have shown such distortions of the somatotopic representations in the primary somatosensory cortex, for simultaneous and delayed stimulations. In order to enhance our understanding of the elementary phenomenon that underpins those spatial modifications of the sensory inputs, we investigated the cortical representation of pairs of simultaneous and delayed cutaneous stimuli in the S1 of anesthetized rats. Using electrophysiological recordings and extrinsic optical imaging, we revealed the cortical merging of inputs from simultaneous digits stimulation. When the stimuli were delayed, we observed ISI-dependent modulations of the responses to the second stimulus. This spatiotemporal integration, that didn’t seem to contribute directly to a distance contraction effect, could however favor the mislocalization observed in illusory perception
Vilarchao, María Eugenia. "Spatiotemporal properties of sensory integration in the mouse barrel cortex." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB108/document.
Full textWhile rodents explore their environment they actively contact surrounding objects with their array of whiskers, resulting in a complex pattern of multiwhisker deflections. Despite this complexity, the whisker system is able to extract relevant information from the spatiotemporal sequence of deflections to generate touch-dependent behavior. The question that arises is: How is global multiwhisker information encoded? Whiskers are mapped onto layer 4 of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as discrete units named “barrels”. Each barrel-related vertical column processes information coming primarily from its corresponding principal whisker (PW). Previous experiments in our lab done with extracellular recordings have revealed that neurons in the rat S1 and thalamus not only show a preferred direction for the local deflection of the PW but also for the direction of a global motion across the whisker pad. To further understand how the cortical network processes global tactile scenes, we built a set-up that enables to perform voltage sensitive dye imaging of the mouse barrel cortex while applying precise tactile stimuli using a 24-multi-whisker stimulator. We further developed a technical method to map the recorded functional data onto the cortical structure. We first studied whether local direction selectivity is spatially distributed within the barrel-related column. Responses to different directions were slightly segregated on space close to the barrel center, but the distribution differed from the one previously described in rat S1, namely a pinwheel-like structure. We then showed that global direction selectivity is spatially organized in the barrel cortex. Columns related to rostral whiskers were more selective to the global direction than columns related to caudal whiskers. Moreover, the columns related to dorsal whiskers preferred ventral global directions, while the columns related to ventral whiskers preferred caudal global directions. Overall the responses to the caudo-ventral global directions were the strongest in average for all the columns. We showed that the spatial distribution of the global direction selectivity can be explained neither by the high salience of the starting position of the deflections on the whiskerpad (a border effect), nor by the linear summation of the responses to deflections of several whiskers. Responses to the global motion of the whisker array are indeed highly sublinear independently of the direction of stimulation. In conclusion, we show here that stepping aside from the classical view of the whisker-to-barrel cortex system allows a better understanding of how different features of complex stimuli are processed and how the emergent properties of the cortex, like the global direction selectivity, are built-up
Azhikkattuparambil, Bhaskaran Arjun. "Cellular and circuit mechanisms of neocortical dysfunction in Fragile X Syndrome." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0244/document.
Full textThis study explores the evoked responses, intrinsic and spontaneous activity of two different neuronal populations in the hind paw region of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of mice. Initially, we explored information processing in these neurons under normal physiological conditions, and subsequently in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most common form of inherited mental retardation syndrome and a frequent cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). FXS is a single gene (Fmr1) disorder, which can be reliably modeled by a mutant mouse model, the Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1-/y) mouse. Hyperexcitability of neocortical networks and hypersensibility to sensory stimuli are prominent features of FXS and ASD. We previously established a strong causal link between a channelopathy, hyperexcitability of neurons in the primary sensory region of the neocortex and sensory hypersensitivity in this mouse model. In the current study, we extended these findings, by conducting a detailed exploration of the processing of tactile sensory information (evoked by hind paw stimulation) in the neocortex of these mice.Most of our knowledge regarding information processing in S1 comes from studies of the whisker-related barrel cortex (which processes tactile-related sensory information derived from the whiskers), yet the processing of sensory inputs from the hind-paws is poorly understood. Using in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we classified the cells into suprathreshold responders (the cells which responded to the hind-paw stimulations with an action potential), subthreshold responders (the cells responded without eliciting an action potential) and non-responder cells (neurons which did not show any response). We then compared the evoked sub- and supra-threshold responses, intrinsic properties, and spontaneous activity of layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the S1 hind-paw (S1-HP) region of anaesthetized wild type (WT) and Fmr1-/y mice. We identified spontaneous, intrinsic and evoked response alterations in Fmr1-/y mice. We probed possible mechanisms contributing to this sensory impairment in Fmr1-/y mice. Finally, we tested the possibility of correcting pathophysiological alterations in these neurons using specific pharmacological agents targeting the ion channel defects described previously by our team
Lehallier, Benoist. "Traitement cérébral d'odeurs biologiquement signifiantes, révélé chez le rat par imagerie RMN fonctionnelle du manganèse." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673422.
Full textGioanni, Yves. "Organisation fonctionnelle du cortex moteur et epilepsie experimentale : implication des reflexes transcorticaux dans l'elaboration des decharges paroxystiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077206.
Full textMosser, Coralie-Anne. "Implication des cellules microgliales dans le développement des réseaux synaptiques du néocortex somatosensoriel Microglial BDNF promotes the functional maturation of thalamocortical synaptic networks Microglia and prenatal inflammation regulate local and horizontal wiring of inhibitory circuits." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2167&f=13404.
Full textMicroglial cells are a population of specialized macrophages residing in the CNS only. They have long been studied solely under pathological contexts and were thought to be active only upon homeostatic disturbance following a brain lesion. However, over the last decade, they have been increasingly recognized to be essential players in the physiological functioning of the CNS. Specifically, during the CNS formation, microglia has been shown to regulate apoptosis and neuronal survival. They are also able to directly interact with synapses, by eliminating supernumerary and inappropriate connections, by promoting synapse formation or by regulating their activity. However, mechanisms by which microglia influence wiring and functional maturation of cortical are not fully understood. To better assess the role of microglia in cortical development, we used the barrel field as a model of neuronal development and we combined in vivo manipulations together with electrophysiology, optogenetics, pharmacologic and histologic approaches on brain slices of genetically-engineered mice. We first explored the consequences of microglia entry near the terminals of thalamic afferents (center of the barrels) in the primary somatosensory cortex during the first postnatal week on functional properties of thalamocortical synapses and associated disynaptic feedforward inhibition. By selectively depleting microglia at early postnatal days by intracerebral injections of clodronate-encapsulated liposomes, we show that microglia absence during the first postnatal week delays the functional maturation of both monosynaptic thalamocortical synapse and feedforward inhibition of layer 4 principal cells of the barrel cortex (PC) up to the 10th and 12th postnatal days (P10-12). To identify the mechanism underlying this process, we used the CX3CR1+/CreERT2; BDNFlox/lox mouse line allowing the conditional deletion of microglial BDNF during the first postnatal week. Our recordings indicate that the absence of microglial BDNF, as well as early microglia depletion, leads to a deficit in the functional maturation of both monosynaptic excitatory and disynaptic inhibitory thalamocortical connexions between P10-12. We therefore identified a microglial key factor in the maturation of cortical synapses. Our recordings in the young adult suggest that early microglial BDNF deletion has a long-term effect on thalamocortical excitatory synapses. In a second study, we investigated the consequences of microglia dysfunction during embryonic development on cortical networks wiring. Maternal immune activation (MIA) triggered by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection modifies the laminar repartition of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV+), key actors in neuropsychiatric disease, in the cortex until P20. Our functional data revealed that these MIA and depletion protocols lead to an increase of layer 4 PC perisomatic inhibition at P20, as well as a horizontal exuberance of cortical inhibition supported by PV+ interneurons. This increased inhibition does not last within development as suggested by our recordings in the adult. On the opposite, it seems that MIA and early microglia depletion result in weaker inhibitory synapses at P60. To conclude, we postulate that microglial cells are the missing link between maternal immune challenge and à higher risk of having neurodevelopmental pathologies like autism or schizophrenia. Our results highlight the crucial role of microglial cells in neuronal network development during perinatal period
Fortier-Poisson, Pascal. "Encodage des forces tactiles dans le cortex somatosensoriel primaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8619.
Full textThe two most important functions of the hand are object manipulation and tactile exploration. The detection of slip provided by specialized mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin is essential for the execution of both these functions. During object manipulation, the early detection of incipient slip leads to a grip force increase in order to prevent dropping an object. Slip is also an important aspect of tactile exploration because it greatly increases the acuity of touch perception. In both actions, normal and tangential forces on the skin can describe slip itself but also what occurs just before slip. However, little is known about how these self-generated forces are encoded at the cortical level. To better understand this encoding, we recorded from single neurons in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as monkeys executed two haptic tasks. In the first task, two monkeys grasped a stationary metal tab with a key grip and exerted shear forces, without slip, in one of four orthogonal directions. Of 144 recorded neurons, 111 (77%) had activity modulated with shear force directions. These preferred shear force vectors were distributed in every direction with tuning arcs varying from 50° to 170°. Also, more than 21 (19%) of these neurons had a firing rate correlated with shear force magnitude. Even if 66 (59%) modulated neurons showed clear slowly adapting response and 45 (41%) other neurons a rapidly adapting response, this classification failed to explain the modulation to force direction and magnitude. These results show that S1 neurons encode force direction and magnitude simultaneously even in the absence of slip. In the second task, two monkeys scanned different surfaces with the fingertips in search of a tactile target without visual feedback. During the exploration, the monkeys, like humans, carefully controlled the finger forces and speeds. High friction surfaces offered greater tangential shear force resistance to the skin that was associated with decrease of the normal contact forces. Furthermore, the scalar sum of the normal and tangential forces remained constant. These observations demonstrate that monkeys control the applied normal and tangential finger forces within a narrow range which is adjusted according to surface properties such as texture and friction. Of the 230 recorded neurons during tactile exploration, 96 (42%) showed instantaneous frequency changes in relation to finger forces. Of these, 52 (54%) were correlated with either the normal or tangential force magnitude with little or no influence from the other orthogonal force component. Another subset of 44 neurons (46%) responded to the ratio between normal and tangential forces regardless of magnitude. Namely, 29 neurons (30%) increased and 15 (16%) others decreased their discharge frequency related to this ratio, which corresponds to the coefficient of friction. Tangential force direction significantly modulated about half the recorded neurons (112). Of these, 59 (53%) responded to both direction and force magnitude. Of the 102 neurons recorded during exploration of three or more surfaces, 17 (17%) showed increased firing rate with increased surface friction and 8 (8%) presented the opposite behavior. However, 37 (36%) neurons seemed to discharge optimally for one of the surfaces without any linear relation to the surfaces’ coefficient of friction. The classification of rapidly and slowly adaptation for neuronal responses in S1 could not be associated with the modulation to forces or direction. These results show that the firing rates of S1 neurons reflect the tangential and normal force magnitude, the ratio of the two forces and the direction of finger movement. These results show that the activity of a significant subpopulation of S1 neurons is represented by normal and tangential forces on the skin. This force modulation uses a frame of reference that can be applied with or without slip. This aspect provides a link between investigations of the cortical representation of surface properties and studies on object manipulation. Our results regarding the distinction between rapidly and slowly adapting neurons leads us to suggest that this difference is a consequence of the manner in which the skin was stimulated. A potential motor component in the modulation of S1 neurons during these sensorimotor tasks is also discussed. Finally, a novel three-dimensional reference frame is proposed to describe, as a single continuum, the different modulations to forces observed in S1 during tactile exploration.
Labbé, Sara. "Les effets de la stimulation électrique transcrânienne à courant direct appliquée au cortex somatosensoriel primaire sur la perception vibrotactile." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13119.
Full textTranscranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique which aims to modify cortical excitability using large surface-area electrodes. tDCS is thought to increase (anodal, a-tDCS) or decrease (cathodal, c-tDCS) cortical excitability. At present, there is no consensus as to whether tDCS to primary somatosensory cortex (S1) modifies somatosensory perception. This study examined vibrotactile perception (frequency, 20 Hz, various amplitude) on the middle finger before, during and after contralateral S1 tDCS (a-, c- and sham, s-). The experiments tested our shift-gain hypothesis which predicted that a-tDCS would decrease vibrotactile detection and discrimination thresholds (leftward shift of the stimulus-response function with increased gain/slope), while c-tDCS would increase thresholds (shift to right; decreased gain). The results showed that weak, a-tDCS (1 mA, 20 min), compared to sham, led to a reduction in both thresholds during the application of the stimulation in a majority of subjects. These effects persisted after the end of a-tDCS, but were absent 30 min later. Cathodal tDCS, vs sham, had no effect on detection thresholds; in contrast, there was a decrease in discrimination threshold during but not after c-tDCS. The results thus supported our hypothesis, but only for anodal stimulation. Our observation that enhanced vibrotactile perception outlasts, albeit briefly, the period of a-tDCS is encouraging. Future experiments should determine whether repeated sessions of a-tDCS can produce longer lasting improvements. If yes, clinical applications could be envisaged, e.g. to apply a-tDCS to S1 in conjunction with retraining of sensory function post-stroke.
Prévost, François. "Développement physiologique des voies visuelles chez le rat normal et chez celui ayant subi des convulsions hyperthermiques." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4861.
Full textNeurons in superficial layers of the rat superior colliculus and primary visual cortex are sensitive to highly contrasted low spatial frequencies drifting at fast speeds. Between post-natal days 27-30 and adulthood, the optimal temporal frequencies of neurons in the primary visual cortex increase, whereas their contrast thresholds decrease. However, the optimal spatial frequencies, spatial resolution values and spatial bandwidths of these neurons are, soon after eyelid opening, similar to those observed in the adult rat. These neuronal response profiles suggest that the retino-collicular and retino-geniculo-cortical projections are mainly innervated by magnocellular and koniocellular retinal ganglion cells. Neurons in the primary visual cortex of rats having experienced hyperthermic seizures are, soon after eyelid opening, sensitive to low optimal spatial frequencies and show broad directional and temporal bandwidths, as well as elevated contrast thresholds when compared to neurons of normal rats. At adulthood, low optimal temporal frequencies and broad spatial bandwidths are also observed in rats having experienced hyperthermic seizures. The alteration of response profiles of neurons in the primary visual cortex of rats having experienced hyperthermic seizures suggests an unbalance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms in this cortical structure. These results also suggest that a single episode of febrile seizures could be sufficient to impede the development of the spatio-temporal receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex.
Nassim, Marouane. "Organisation rétinotopique des structures visuelles révélée par imagerie optique cérébrale chez le rat normal." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8252.
Full textDépeault, Alexandra. "Perception de la vitesse : les bases psychophysiques et neuronales." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9721.
Full textDavid Katz showed that movement between the skin and an object is as important for touch as light is to vision. Moving tactile stimuli activate all of the cutaneous afferents involved in discriminative touch. The resultant signals are complex, varying with multiple factors including speed and also texture, local shape, and force. This thesis explored the human ability to estimate the speed and roughness of moving tactile stimuli. The neuronal basis underlying tactile speed perception was investigated using single unit recordings from primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in awake monkeys. In the first psychophysical experiment, we showed that subjects (n=26) can scale tactile speed (range, 30-105 mm/s), and this, contrary to previous studies, in a situation in which the duration of each trial was constant across all speeds tested. Surface structure was, in contrast, essential since subjects had difficulty scaling the speed of a smooth surface. Moreover, the physical characteristics of the surfaces influenced tactile speed perception. The roughest surface (8 mm raised-dot spacing) seemed to move 15% slower than the smoother surfaces (2 and 3 mm spacing), and this independently of dot disposition (periodic: rectangular array of raised dots vs non periodic: random dots). The effects of surface texture on speed were reduced to a single continuum when the estimates were normalized by dot spacing and plotted as a function of temporal frequency (speed/dot spacing). The absence of any difference in speed scaling as a function of dot disposition (periodic vs non periodic) suggested that tactile roughness should also be independent of dot disposition. A second psychophysical experiment (n=15) confirmed our hypothesis, showing perceptual equivalence for the periodic and non periodic surfaces when these were matched for dot spacing in the direction of the scan. The third experiment investigated the neuronal mechanisms that underlie subjective tactile speed perception, by recording the responses of cutaneous neurones in the hand representation of S1 cortex to the displacement of textured surfaces under the finger tips of two awake rhesus monkeys. The hypothesis was that neurones implicated in tactile speed perception should be sensitive to tactile speed (similar range to that used in the human experiments) and dot spacing, but be independent of dot disposition (periodic vs non periodic). Furthermore, we predicted that the neurometric function (discharge frequency/dot spacing as a function of temporal frequency) would show a monotonic relation. A large proportion of S1 neurones were sensitive to speed (76/119); 82% of these were also sensitive to texture. Speed sensitivity was widely distributed across the three areas that comprise the cutaneous hand representation, areas 3b, 1, and 2. Of 94 neurons fully tested (periodic and nonperiodic surfaces), the large majority of speed-sensitive cells (60/64) showed a significant monotonic relation with temporal frequency for both surfaces when discharge frequency was normalized by dot spacing. The neurones with the strongest relation to temporal frequency were concentrated in caudal S1, areas 1 and 2, and likely contribute to the human ability to scale tactile speed.