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Academic literature on the topic 'Cortex surrénal – Tumeurs'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cortex surrénal – Tumeurs"
Plas, Martine. "A propos d'un cas de corticosurrénalome malin découvert à partir d'une hypersomnie : observation-revue de la littérature-discussion." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11140.
Full textAssié, Guillaume. "Tumeurs de la corticosurrénale : du transcriptome aux phénotypes de sécrétion et de malignité." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T054.
Full textThe adrenal cortex, outer portion of the adrenal glands, is specialized in the production of steroid hormones. It contains three concentric zones, histologically distinct, each dedicated to the production of a type of hormone : the glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the fasciculata glucocorticoids, androgens and reticulated. The production of this hormones is regulated by extracellular mediators : ACTH activates the cortisol secretion by increasing cyclic AMP and angiotensin II activates the aldosterone secretion by increasing intracellular calcium. Tumors of the adrenal cortex raise a dual problem of hormonal hypersecretion and cell proliferation. The molecular mechanisms of these abnormalities are poorly understood. The initiation of some benign tumors appears to be related to the activation of the cAMP pathway. On malignant tumors, several mechanisms of progression have been described : overexpression of IGF2 in connection with a paternal isodisomia, loss of heterozygosity of p53 and activation of the Wnt pathway. Malignant tumors can also be difficult to diagnose in their borderline forms, and their prognosis is difficult to predict. The transcriptomes of tumors can be analysed and compared by microarray technology and SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression). The objective of this thesis is to characterize the transcriptome of different tumors of the adrenal cortex, to identify diagnostic and prognostic makers, and molecular mechanisms of pathological hormone secretion, initiation and tumor progression. The first paper dedscribes the molecular abnormalities of primary aldosteronism. For this, the transcriptomes of Conn's adenoma and its adjacent zona glomerulosa to the tumor (switched off by negative feedback) were compared with SAGE, and validated by in situ hybridization. Only the two terminal enzymes of steroidogenesis CYP21 and CYP11B2 are overexpressed in the Conn. Acute regulator of steroidogenesis StAR is not overexpressed. Cholesterol substrate for steroidogenesis, seems to come from HDL cholesterol. Finally calcium signaling, that controls the acute aldosterone secretion seems also activated in primary aldosteronism. The second work identifies, from the transcriptome, the diagnostic and prognostic molecular signatures for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of transcriptomes of 96 unilateral tumors clearly distinguished benign and malignant tumors, and identified in malignant tumors, two groups of tumors of very different prognosis. Makers of recurrence and death based on the subtraction of the expression of two genes, DGL7-PINK1 and PINK1-BUB1B respectively, yield predictions for high-performance compared with current predictors. This work opens original pathophysiological perspectives, which will be further explored in the laboratory. In parallel, the direct translation of the results available to patients with adrenal diseases opens a new avenue in molecular personalized medicine, that we want to further develop
Liakos, Panagiotis. "Expression des récepteurs mélanocortines MC5 et MC2 dans le cortex surrénal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10100.
Full textNavarranne, Anne. "Syndrome de Cushing par sécrétion ectopique d'ACTH : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23025.
Full textLampron, Antoine. "Élucidation des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’expression aberrante du récepteur au peptide insulinotropique glucose-dépendant (GIP) dans les tumeurs du cortex de la glande surrénale." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4103.
Full textTumors of the adrenal cortex are varied and frequently found in the population. Aside from rare family cases in which mutations have been identified, the genetic events leading to the formation of adrenocortical tumors remain obscure. A subtype of these tumors includes macronodular hyperplasias, now percieved as the entry point of adrenocortical tumorigenesis. The most commonly observed molecular event in these cases is the presence of aberrantly expressed G-protein coupled receptor that drive steroid production and cellular proliferation. The genetic events leading to these aberrant levels of expression are unknown. This study will use the Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) receptor as a model to identify the molecular mecanisms leading to the aberrant expression of the GIP receptor (GIPR) in adrenocortical tumors. The first part of the study will be a clinical investigation of new cases of adrenocortical tumors to screen for aberrant responses to GIP in various types of these tumors. The patients will be evaluated by a thorough clinical investigation protocol and the resected tumors will be extensively analysed in vitro, using real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, microarray and primary cultures of the tumors. The link between GIP and the normal physiology of the adrenal cortex will also be assessed in normal subjects. The second part of the study will use novel large-scale investigation techniques to determine the transcriptome of different cases of adrenocortical tumors expressing aberrant levels of the GIPR. The functional importance of identified genes will be assessed in cellular models. This study presents the first cases of aldosterone-producing tumors with aberrant responses to hormones, previously confined to cortisol- or androgen producing tumors. The case presented showed an aldosterone production sensitive, among others, to GIP. The GIPR’s mRNA was strongly over expressed and a specific staining was observed in immunohistochemistry. The responses were confirmed in primary cultures of the tumor. In normal adrenals, a role for the control of aldosterone by GIP was also demonstrated. Finally, large-scale profiling of the transcriptome led to the identification of a list of genes with expression levels strictly related to the presence of the GIPR in adrenocortical hyperplasias. One of these genes, perilipin, was strongly repressed specifically in GIP-dependent cases. siRNA techniques were used in a cellular model and confirmed that the repression of perilipin is sufficient to induce the expression of GIPR and that this protein is implicated in the GIP induced steroidogenesis. Allying state-of-the-art in vivo investigation methods to advanced in vitro techniques, the present study identifies novel insights on the link between GIP and the normal adrenal physiology, in normal and pathological conditions.
Magne, Fabien. "Identification des gènes responsables des hyperplasies surrénaliennes macronodulaires bilatérales familiales avec récepteurs aberrants." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7023.
Full textThe majority of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome (AIMAH) is due to the aberrant expression of various receptors in the adrenal cortex. The genes responsible for familial AIMAH with aberrant receptors have not been identified. The aim of this project is to characterize them. A linkage study to identify the region or regions of the genome comprising the gene or genes that may be involved in familial AIMAH was performed using DNA of family members (10 affected and 7 non affected) born in Quebec and harboring AIMAH and Cushing's syndrome, under the aberrant regulation of B-adrenergic and V1-vasopressin receptors. Various chromosomal regions between patients and non-affected family were highlighted. A total of 707,453 SNPs were obtained, and after statistical analysis, 159 significant SNPs, possibly associated with phenotype, were found between the two groups. It was found that the majority of these SNPs were located on chromosomal regions 1q32.1 and 16q12.2. A transcriptome analysis was conducted using DNA from tumours of two patients of the family, as well as DNA from other adrenal tumours; Statistical analysis identified 15 genes that may be linked to disease (11 up-regulated and 4 under-expressed). Using data from these two studies, we identified six genes on chromosome 1 (ATP2B4, PPP1R12B, SOX13, ADORA1, CACNA1S and PHLDA3), one on chromosome 16 (CHD9) and one on chromosome 13 (SPRY2), to investigate the presence of mutations. The sequencing revealed no nucleotide changes in gene PPP1R12B and SOX13. In ATP2B4, CACNA1S, ADORA1 and PHLDA3, the sequencing not revealed nucleotides changes leading to either amino acid changes or an amino acid changes considered “not-relevant”, because they do not differentiate healthy individuals from affected. The sequencing of CHD9 and SPRY2 identified nucleotide changes causing amino acid changes more frequently in patients compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, our work has therefore identified by linkage analysis and DNA microarray candidate genes that can be responsible to this disease, and mutations in two of these genes, CHD9 and SPRY2. These results are promising because these genes produce proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of signaling protein kinases. Phenotyping and genotyping of patients should be pursued further.