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Journal articles on the topic 'Cortisone – Synthèse'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Brunssen, Coy, Anja Hofmann, Mirko Peitzsch, et al. "Impact of Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor FAD286 on Steroid Hormone Profile in Human Adrenocortical Cells." Hormone and Metabolic Research 49, no. 09 (2017): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-113829.

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AbstractInhibition of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is an alternative treatment option to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism to prevent harmful aldosterone effects. FAD286 is the best characterized aldosterone synthase inhibitor. However, to date, no study has used sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to characterize in detail the effect of FAD286 on the secreted steroid hormone profile of adrenocortical cells. Basal aldosterone production in NCI-H295R cells was detectable and 9-fold elevated after stimulation with angiotensin II. FAD286 inhibited this increase, showing

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2

Osinski, P., and H. Vanderhaeghe. "Synthese de Cortisol Tritie." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 79, no. 2 (2010): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19600790210.

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3

Wu, W. X., X. H. Ma, N. Unno, and P. W. Nathanielsz. "In Vivo Evidence for Stimulation of Placental, Myometrial, and Endometrial Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 2 by Fetal Cortisol Replacement after Fetal Adrenalectomy." Endocrinology 142, no. 9 (2001): 3857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.9.8371.

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Abstract Fetal glucocorticoid-induced premature labor in sheep is an established model of premature labor. However, the pathways by which fetal cortisol triggers subsequent maternal endocrine changes, including enhanced PG synthesis, leading to labor are unclear. The current study was undertaken to determine whether cortisol administration to adrenalectomized fetuses to clamp fetal cortisol at levels present early in the late gestation rise, which are inadequate to produce labor, can stimulate placental, myometrial, and endometrial prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 mRNA and protein expression. At 1

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4

Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan, Kimberly Marie Palatini Jackson, Yiwen Thor, et al. "Thiazolopyridines Improve Adipocyte Function by Inhibiting 11 Beta-HSD1 Oxoreductase Activity." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3182129.

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Background. Glucocorticoid excess has been linked to clinical observations associated with the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. The intracellular glucocorticoid levels are primarily modulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme that is highly expressed in key metabolic tissues including fat, liver, and the central nervous system. Methods. In this study we synthesized a set of novel tetrahydrothiazolopyridine derivatives, TR-01–4, that specifically target 11β-HSD1 and studied their ability to interfere with the glucocorticoid and lipid metabolism in the 3T3-L1 adi

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Jonas, Kim C., Christina Chandras, D. Robert E. Abayasekara та Anthony E. Michael. "Role for Prostaglandins in the Regulation of Type 1 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells". Endocrinology 147, № 12 (2006): 5865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0723.

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11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) enzymes regulate glucocorticoid availability in target tissues. 11βHSD1 is the predominant isoenzyme expressed and active in human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells. This study investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on 11βHSD1 activities and expression in hGL cells. The consequences for 11βHSD1 of increasing exposure of hGL cells to PGs, either by treatment with exogenous PGs or by challenging cells with IL-1β, were also assessed. Suppression of basal PG synthesis using four different inhibitors of PG H syntha

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6

Guervenou, J., and G. Sturtz. "SYNTHESE DE CONJUGUES GEM-BISPHOSPHONIQUES DE DERIVES DE LA CORTISONE." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 88, no. 1-4 (1994): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509408036901.

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7

Flynn, N. E., and G. Wu. "Enhanced metabolism of arginine and glutamine in enterocytes of cortisol-treated pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 272, no. 3 (1997): G474—G480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.3.g474.

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This study was designed to determine whether cortisol plays a role in arginine and glutamine metabolism in enterocytes and, more specifically, whether cortisol regulates metabolic changes in these cells during weaning. Twenty-eight 21-day-old suckling pigs were randomly assigned to one of four groups (7 animals in each) and received intramuscular injections of vehicle solution (sesame oil) (control group), hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD) (25 mg/kg body wt), RU-486 (10 mg/kg body wt) (a potent blocker of glucocorticoid receptors), or HYD plus RU-486. At 29 days of age, pigs were killed for prep

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8

MacKenzie, SM, CJ Clark, R. Fraser, CE Gomez-Sanchez, JM Connell, and E. Davies. "Expression of 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase genes in the rat brain." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 24, no. 3 (2000): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0240321.

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The terminal stages of cortisol and aldosterone production in the human adrenal gland are catalysed by the enzymes 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase, which are encoded by the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 genes respectively. Recent studies have suggested that aldosterone and cortisol are also made in other tissues such as the brain, heart and vascular system and may play a role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of these enzymes and localise them precisely in the rat brain. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/Southern blotting

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9

Marshall, W. S., T. R. Emberley, T. D. Singer, S. E. Bryson, and S. D. Mccormick. "Time course of salinity adaptation in a strongly euryhaline estuarine teleost, fundulus heteroclitus: a multivariable approach." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 11 (1999): 1535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.11.1535.

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Freshwater-adapted killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were transferred directly from soft fresh water to full-strength sea water for periods of 1 h, 3 h, 8 h and 1, 2, 7, 14 and 30 days. Controls were transferred to fresh water for 24 h. Measured variables included: blood [Na+], osmolality, glucose and cortisol levels, basal and stimulated rates of ion transport and permeability of in vitro opercular epithelium, gill Na+/K+-ATPase and citrate synthase activity and chloride cell ultrastructure. These data were compared with previously published killifish cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance

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10

Costa, Stefania, Federico Zappaterra, Daniela Summa, Bruno Semeraro та Giancarlo Fantin. "Δ1-Dehydrogenation and C20 Reduction of Cortisone and Hydrocortisone Catalyzed by Rhodococcus Strains". Molecules 25, № 9 (2020): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092192.

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Prednisone and prednisolone are steroids widely used as anti-inflammatory drugs. Development of the pharmaceutical industry is currently aimed at introducing biotechnological processes and replacing multiple-stage chemical syntheses. In this work we evaluated the ability of bacteria belonging to the Rhodococcus genus to biotransform substrates, such as cortisone and hydrocortisone, to obtain prednisone and prednisolone, respectively. These products are of great interest from a pharmaceutical point of view as they have higher anti-inflammatory activity than the starting substrates. After an ini

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11

Fisher, Angela, Robert Fraser, John MC Connell та Eleanor Davies. "Amino Acid Residue 147 of Human Aldosterone Synthase and 11β-Hydroxylase Plays a Key Role in 11β-Hydroxylation*". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, № 3 (2000): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.3.6470.

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Abstract A number of amino acids differ between aldosterone synthase and 11β-hydroxylase. To assess their importance in determining the different functional specificities, we substituted aldosterone synthase-specific (aspartate D147, isoleucine I248, glutamine Q43, and threonine T493) with 11β-hydroxylase-specific amino acids (glutamate E147, threonine T248, arginine R43, and methionine M493), respectively. I248T, Q43R, and T493M had no effect on steroid production compared to wild-type aldosterone synthase. However, CYP11B2-D147E caused a significant increase in corticosterone production and

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12

Romero, Damian G., Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez, and Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez. "Angiotensin II-regulated transcription regulatory genes in adrenal steroidogenesis." Physiological Genomics 42A, no. 4 (2010): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2010.

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Transcription regulatory genes are crucial modulators of cell physiology and metabolism whose intracellular levels are tightly controlled in response to extracellular stimuli. We previously reported a set of 29 transcription regulatory genes modulated by angiotensin II in H295R human adrenocortical cells and their roles in regulating the expression of the last and unique enzymes of the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid biosynthetic pathways, 11β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase, respectively, using gene expression reporter assays. To study the effect of this set of transcription regulat

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13

Rogers, Kestrel M., Christi A. Bonar, Jaymie L. Estrella, and Shumei Yang. "Inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid on coronary artery endothelial function." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 5 (2002): H1922—H1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00364.2002.

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Acute and chronic stresses are implicated in cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease. The present study was designed to examine the direct effects of the stress hormone cortisol on nitric oxide (NO) release and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression in cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC). Nitrate, nitrite, and NO (NOx) were measured by the chemiluminescence method. At 24 h after treatment, cortisol (1 nM–10 μM) produced a dose-dependent decrease in NOx release, which was attenuated in the presence of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carb

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14

de Matteo, R., and C. N. May. "Inhibition of prostaglandin and nitric oxide synthesis prevents cortisol-induced renal vasodilatation in sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 4 (1999): R1125—R1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.4.r1125.

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Glucocorticoids increase renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate in many species, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We investigated whether cortisol-induced renal vasodilatation in conscious sheep depends on interactions with prostaglandins or angiotensin II. Intravenous infusion of cortisol (5 mg/h) for 5 h increased renal conductance (RC) by 1.06 ± 0.24 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ mmHg−1more than vehicle. During intrarenal infusion of indomethacin (0.25 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ h−1), the cortisol-induced increase in RC (0.28 ± 0.21 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ mmHg−1) was significantly reduced. The cortisol-induce

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15

Xiao, Daliao, Xiaohui Huang, Soochan Bae, Charles A. Ducsay, and Lubo Zhang. "Cortisol-mediated potentiation of uterine artery contractility: effect of pregnancy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 1 (2002): H238—H246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00842.2001.

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During pregnancy, maternal plasma cortisol concentrations approximately double. Given that cortisol plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity, the present study investigated the potential role of cortisol in potentiation of uterine artery (UA) contractility and tested the hypothesis that pregnancy downregulated the cortisol-mediated potentiation. In vitro cortisol treatment (3, 10, or 30 ng/ml for 24 h) produced a dose-dependent increase in norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions in both nonpregnant and pregnant (138–143 days gestation) sheep UA. However, this cortisol-

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16

Sloan-Lancaster, Joanne, Eyas Raddad, Amy Flynt, Yan Jin, James Voelker, and Jeffrey W. Miller. "LY3045697: Results from two randomized clinical trials of a novel inhibitor of aldosterone synthase." Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 18, no. 3 (2017): 147032031771788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470320317717883.

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Introduction: LY3045697 is a potent and selective aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitor that was developed as a safer alternative to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Effects of LY3045697 on aldosterone and cortisol synthesis, as well as potassium ion homeostasis, were evaluated in two clinical studies in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Two incomplete, placebo-controlled crossover-design clinical studies examined safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics under single and repeated dose conditions in healthy subjects. Pharmacodynamics was assessed following oral potassium

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17

Guo, Chunming, Wangsheng Wang, Chao Liu, Leslie Myatt та Kang Sun. "Induction of PGF2α Synthesis by Cortisol Through GR Dependent Induction of CBR1 in Human Amnion Fibroblasts". Endocrinology 155, № 8 (2014): 3017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1848.

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Abundant evidence indicates a pivotal role of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in human parturition. Both the fetal and maternal sides of the fetal membranes synthesize PGF2α. In addition to the synthesis of PGF2α from PGH2 by PGF synthase (PGFS), PGF2α can also be converted from PGE2 by carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1). Here, we showed that there was concurrent increased production of cortisol and PGF2α in association with the elevation of CBR1 in human amnion obtained at term with labor versus term without labor. In cultured primary human amnion fibroblasts, cortisol (0.01–1μM) increased PGF2α productio

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18

Shimada, Hiroki, Erika Noro, Susumu Suzuki, et al. "Effects of Adipocyte-derived Factors on the Adrenal Cortex." Current Molecular Pharmacology 13, no. 1 (2020): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467212666191015161334.

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Background and Objective: Obesity is highly complicated by hypertension and hyperglycemia. In particular, it has been proposed that obesity-related hypertension is caused by adipocyte-derived factors that are recognized as undetermined proteins secreted from adipocytes. Adipocyte-derived factors have been known to be related to aldosterone secretion in the adrenal gland. So far, Wnt proteins, CTRP-1, VLDL, LDL, HDL and leptin have been demonstrated to stimulate aldosterone secretion. In contrast, it has not yet been clarified whether adipocyte-derived factors also affect adrenal cortisol secre

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Dorniak, Piotr, Thomas H. Welsh, Fuller W. Bazer, and Thomas E. Spencer. "Cortisol and Interferon Tau Regulation of Endometrial Function and Conceptus Development in Female Sheep." Endocrinology 154, no. 2 (2012): 931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1909.

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During early pregnancy in sheep, the elongating conceptus secretes interferon-τ (IFNT) and the conceptus as well as endometrial epithelia produce prostaglandins (PG) via PG synthase 2 (PTGS2) and cortisol via hydroxysteroid (11-β) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1). Ovarian progesterone induces and PG and IFNT stimulates endometrial HSD11B1 expression and keto-reductase activity as well as many epithelial genes that govern trophectoderm proliferation, migration, and attachment during elongation. The primary aim of these studies was to test the hypothesis that HSD11B1-derived cortisol has a biological r

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20

Cudd, Timothy A. "Thromboxane A2 acts on the brain to mediate hemodynamic, adrenocorticotropin, and cortisol responses." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 5 (1998): R1353—R1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.5.r1353.

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Conditions that increase the formation of thromboxane A2(TxA2) also result in activation of hemodynamic and adrenocortical responses. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TxA2 acts directly on the brain to mediate these responses. Adult sheep were chronically instrumented with vascular and intracerebroventricular catheters. The TxA2 analog U-46619 (0, 100, or 1,000 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were infused intracerebroventricularly for 30 min. Heart rate increased in response to 100 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1U-46619 infusions. Heart rate did not chang

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Gerber, Lucie, Steffen S. Madsen, and Frank B. Jensen. "Cortisol regulates nitric oxide synthase in freshwater and seawater acclimated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 204 (February 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.002.

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22

Nishimoto, Koshiro, Ken Nakagawa, Dan Li, et al. "Adrenocortical Zonation in Humans under Normal and Pathological Conditions." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 95, no. 5 (2010): 2296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2010.

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Abstract Context: Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) catalyze the terminal steps for aldosterone and cortisol syntheses, respectively, thereby determining the functional differentiation of human adrenocortical cells. Little is known, however, about how the cells expressing the enzymes are actually distributed in the adrenals under normal and pathological conditions. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the localization of CYP11B2 and -B1 in human adrenal specimens by using developed antibodies capable of distinguishing the two enzymes from ea

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23

Liang, Faquan, Ann M. Kapoun, Andrew Lam, et al. "B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Inhibited Angiotensin II-Stimulated Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Cholesterol Transfer, and Steroidogenesis in Primary Human Adrenocortical Cells." Endocrinology 148, no. 8 (2007): 3722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1599.

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In this study, we demonstrate that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) opposed angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, cellular cholesterol uptake, cholesterol transfer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and steroidogenesis, which are required for biosynthesis of steroid hormones such as aldosterone and cortisol in primary human adrenocortical cells. BNP dose-dependently stimulated intracellular cGMP production with an EC50 of 11 nm, implying that human adrenocortical cells express the guanylyl cyclase A receptor. cDNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses reveal

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Reini, Seth A., Charles E. Wood, Ellen Jensen та Maureen Keller-Wood. "Increased maternal cortisol in late-gestation ewes decreases fetal cardiac expression of 11β-HSD2 mRNA and the ratio of AT1 to AT2 receptor mRNA". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, № 6 (2006): R1708—R1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00294.2006.

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Moderately elevated maternal cortisol levels late in gestation cause enlargement of the fetal sheep heart. We have used quantitative real-time PCR to examine expression of candidate genes in fetal hearts from mothers in whom cortisol levels were increased (by infusion of 1 mg cortisol·kg−1·day−1) or decreased (by adrenalectomy and replacement to 0.5 mg cortisol·kg−1·day−1) from 115 to 130 days gestation. Control ewes were not treated with steroid. Expression of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (11β-HSD1 and -2), IGF I and

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Vijayan, M. M., and T. W. Moon. "Acute Handling Stress Alters Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism in Food-Deprived Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 11 (1992): 2260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-247.

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Acute handling stress resulted in significant elevation of plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations within 30 min in both fed and food-deprived rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), indicating a typical stress response. Plasma glucose levels rose immediately (30 min) poststress in the food-deprived group, while there was a delayed response (2 h) in the fed group. The low liver glycogen content and total glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) and glycogen synthase (GSase) activities in the food-deprived group indicated an overall depression in glycogen metabolism. Acute handling stress maintained live

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Thymann, Thomas, Douglas G. Burrin, Kelly A. Tappenden, Charlotte R. Bjornvad, Søren K. Jensen, and Per T. Sangild. "Formula-feeding reduces lactose digestive capacity in neonatal pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 6 (2006): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061743.

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The intestine of newborn pigs develops rapidly during the first days postpartum. We investigated if feeding milk replacer (infant formula) as an alternative to colostrum has compromising effects on nutrient digestive function in the neonatal period. Nineteen piglets born at termwere assigned to one of four treatments: (1) newborn controls; (2) natural suckling for 24h; (3) tube-fed formula for 24h; (4) tube-fed porcine colostrum for 24h. All three fed groups showed significant increases in small-intestinal and colonic weights, villous heights and widths, maltase and aminopeptidase A activities

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Stowasser, Michael, Anthony W. Bachmann, Phillip R. Huggard, Tony R. Rossetti, and Richard D. Gordon. "Treatment of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type I: Only Partial Suppression of Adrenocorticotropin Required to Correct Hypertension." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 9 (2000): 3313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.9.6834.

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Abstract In familial hyperaldosteronism type I, inheritance of a hybrid 11β-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene leads to ACTH-regulated overproduction of aldosterone (causing hypertension) and of“ hybrid” steroids, 18-hydroxy- and 18-oxo-cortisol. To determine whether complete suppression of the hybrid gene is necessary to normalize blood pressure, we sought evidence of persisting expression in eight patients who were rendered normotensive for 1.3–4.5 yr by glucocorticoid treatment. At the time of the study, six patients were receiving dexamethasone (0.125–0.25 mg/day) and two patients were

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Xu, Felicity, Shumin Yang, Wenwen He, and Qifu Li. "Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma: Does a Larger Tumor Secrete More Apparent Cortisol?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A76—A77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.154.

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Abstract Previous studies revealed that aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) had a potential for excess co-secretion of cortisol. APA was considered to be composed of heterozygous cell types, including cortisol producing cells(expression of CYP11B1) and aldosterone-producing cells(expression of CYP11B2). The proportion of two cell types and the expression of two steroid synthases showed great heterogeneity in APAs, which may lead to differences in cortisol secretion. However, the hypothesis has not been tested. Therefore, we examined the correlation between tumor size and the ability to autonomo

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Liakos, P., D. Lenz, R. Bernhardt, JJ Feige, and G. Defaye. "Transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits aldosterone and cortisol production in the human adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R through inhibition of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 expression." Journal of Endocrinology 176, no. 1 (2003): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1760069.

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Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) has been shown to exert strong inhibitory effects on adrenocortical cell steroidogenesis. However, the molecular targets of TGFbeta1 in adrenocortical cells appear to differ between species. Here, we report the first characterization of the regulatory effects of TGFbeta1 on the steroidogenic functions of the human adrenocortical tumor cell line NCI-H295R. After treatment with 2 ng/ml TGFbeta1 for 24 h, basal production of corticosterone, cortisol and androstenedione was dramatically decreased. When TGFbeta1 was added simultaneously with forskolin, th

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Somekawa, Satoshi, Keiichi Imagawa, Noriyuki Naya, et al. "Regulation of Aldosterone and Cortisol Production by the Transcriptional Repressor Neuron Restrictive Silencer Factor." Endocrinology 150, no. 7 (2009): 3110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1624.

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Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) regulate aldosterone and cortisol production, respectively. The expression of these enzymes is promoted by calcium influx through Cav3.2, a T-type calcium channel. Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) binds to neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) to suppress the transcription of NRSE-containing genes. We found a NRSE-like sequence in human CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 genes as well as the CACNA1H gene of many mammalian species. The CACNA1H gene encodes the α-subunit of Cav3.2. Here we investigated how NRSF/NRSE regulates aldosteron

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Vanderriele, Paul-Emmanuel, Brasilina Caroccia, Teresa Maria Seccia, et al. "The angiotensin type 2 receptor in the human adrenocortical zona glomerulosa and in aldosterone-producing adenoma: low expression and no functional role." Clinical Science 132, no. 6 (2018): 627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20171593.

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The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptor (AT2R) and the angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) receptor (MasR) play a cardiovascular protective role by counter-regulating Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated effects, but whether this involves blunting of adrenocortical hormone secretion is unknown. We investigated the presence of AT1R, AT2R, and MasR in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), a condition featuring hyperaldosteronism, and in APA-adjacent tissue. The effect of Compound 21 (C21), an AT2R agonist, on CYP11B1 (cortisol synthase) and CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) gene expression in NCI-H2

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Bassett, MH, Y. Zhang, C. Clyne, PC White, and WE Rainey. "Differential regulation of aldosterone synthase and 11beta-hydroxylase transcription by steroidogenic factor-1." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 28, no. 2 (2002): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0280125.

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11beta-Hydroxylase (hCYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (hCYP11B2) are closely related isozymes with distinct roles in cortisol and aldosterone production respectively. Aldosterone synthase catalyzes the final step in aldosterone biosynthesis and is expressed only in the zona glomerulosa of the normal adrenal. 11beta-Hydroxylase catalyzes the final reaction in the production of cortisol and is expressed at higher levels in the zona fasciculata. The mechanisms causing differential expression of these genes are not well defined. Herein, we demonstrate contrasting roles for the orphan receptor ste

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Wu, Guoyao, Cynthia J. Meininger, Katherine Kelly, Malcolm Watford, and Sidney M. Morris. "A Cortisol Surge Mediates the Enhanced Expression of Pig Intestinal Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthase during Weaning." Journal of Nutrition 130, no. 8 (2000): 1914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.8.1914.

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Cudd, Timothy A., Scott Purinton, Nikesh C. Patel, and Charles E. Wood. "CARDIOVASCULAR, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, AND CORTISOL RESPONSES TO HYPERTONIC SALINE IN EUVOLEMIC SHEEP ARE ALTERED BY PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE INHIBITION." Shock 10, no. 1 (1998): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199807000-00006.

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Jankord, Ryan, Richard M. McAllister, Venkataseshu K. Ganjam, and M. Harold Laughlin. "Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase augments the ACTH response to exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 3 (2009): R728—R734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90709.2008.

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Exercise can activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, and regular exercise training can impact how the HPA axis responds to stress. The mechanism by which acute exercise induces HPA activity is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that nitric oxide modulates the neuroendocrine component of the HPA axis during exercise. Female Yucatan miniature swine were treated with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to test the effect of chronic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on the ACTH response to exercise. In addition, we tested the ef

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Peter, Michael, Lubna Fawaz, Stenvert L. S. Drop, Hendrik K. A. Visser, and Wolfgang G. Sippell. "Hereditary Defect in Biosynthesis of Aldosterone: Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency 1964–19971." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 11 (1997): 3525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.11.4399.

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We studied two of the three patients with a hereditary defect in the biosynthesis of aldosterone originally described by Visser and Cost in 1964. All three presented as newborns with salt-losing syndrome and failure to thrive. The original biochemical studies showed a defect in the 18-hydroxylation of corticosterone. According to the nomenclature proposed by Ulick, this defect would be termed corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency type I. We measured plasma steroids in the untreated adult patients and performed molecular genetic studies. Aldosterone and 18-OH-corticosterone were decreased, w

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Parmar, Jeniel, Rebecca E. Key, and William E. Rainey. "Development of an Adrenocorticotropin-Responsive Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Line." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 11 (2008): 4542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-0903.

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Context: The molecular mechanisms regulating adrenal steroidogenesis continue to be defined. The only current human adrenocortical cell line is the NCI-H295 and its substrains. One of the strains, H295R, has retained the ability to respond to angiotensin II (Ang II); however, it lacks ACTH responsiveness. An ACTH-responsive human adrenocortical model would add significantly to studies directed at defining the molecular control of corticosteroid biosynthesis. Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a human adrenal cell line that retained both Ang II- and ACTH-regulated corticostero

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Frolow, Jason, and C. Louise Milligan. "Hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in white muscle slices from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 287, no. 6 (2004): R1344—R1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00532.2003.

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To test the hypothesis that cortisol and epinephrine have direct regulatory roles in muscle glycogen metabolism and to determine what those roles might be, we developed an in vitro white muscle slice preparation from rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). In the absence of hormones, glycogen-depleted muscle slices obtained from exercised trout were capable of significant glycogen synthesis, and the amount of glycogen synthesized was inversely correlated with the initial postexercise glycogen content. When postexercise glycogen levels were <5 μmol/g, about 4.3 μmol/g of glycogen were

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Langlois, D. A., L. J. Fraher, M. W. Khalil, M. Fraser, and J. R. G. Challis. "Preferential increase in prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase compared with lipoxygenase activity in sheep placenta and amnion at term pregnancy and after intrafetal glucocorticoid administration." Journal of Endocrinology 139, no. 2 (1993): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1390195.

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ABSTRACT Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated as stimulants to myometrial contractility at parturition in many species. To determine whether the increased production of PGs at parturition reflects a general increase in the metabolism of arachidonic acid or a specific increase in PG endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) compared with lipoxygenase activities, and to determine intrauterine sites of these activities, we examined the metabolism of [3H]arachidonic acid by homogenates of placenta, amnion and chorion from sheep at days 78–80, 100–105, 135–140 of pregnancy and at term (day 145). Tissues

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PRUNIER, A. "Influence de la présentation au verrat sur l’âge à la puberté des truies." INRAE Productions Animales 2, no. 1 (1989): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1989.2.1.4401.

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Dans cette synthèse bibliographique nous avons successivement étudié la nature des signaux sensoriels mis en jeu lors de la mise en présence des truies et du verrat, la réaction de la femelle au plan endocrinien et les facteurs de variation de l’efficacité du mâle pour accélérer la venue en puberté des femelles. Les signaux sensoriels mis en jeu sont multiples et impliquent probablement les différentes voies, olfactive, auditive, visuelle et tactile. La truie réagit à la présentation du verrat par une sécrétion accrue de cortisol, susceptible de modifier la sécrétion des hormones gonadotropes

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Riepe, F. G. "Der nicht klassische 21-Hydroxylasemangel." Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 09, no. 08 (2009): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1628970.

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ZusammenfassungDas Adrenogenitale Syndrom (AGS) vom Typ des 21-Hydroxylasemangels gehört zu den häufigsten genetischen Erkrankungen. Durch eine Störung der Glukokortikoidbiosynthese in der Nebennierenrinde kommt es zur unzureichenden Synthese von Cortisol und konsekutiv zu einer vermehrten Bildung von Androgenen. Bei schweren Enzymdefekten ist eine pränatal beginnende Virilisierung weiblicher Feten die Folge. Weniger schwere Defekte führen zum nicht klassischen AGS, welches sich erst postnatal mit einer Hyperandrogenämie manifestiert. Das Manifestationsalter schwankt zwischen dem Grundschul- u

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Brixius-Anderko, Simone, and Emily E. Scott. "Aldosterone Synthase Structure With Cushing Disease Drug LCI699 Highlights Avenues for Selective CYP11B Drug Design." Hypertension 78, no. 3 (2021): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17615.

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Primary aldosteronism, the major form of secondary hypertension, develops due to excess steroid hormone aldosterone produced by aldosterone synthase, also known as cytochrome P450 11B2. CYP11B2 is 93% identical to cortisol-producing CYP11B1, which makes it difficult to design selective drugs. LCI699 (Osilodrostat, Isturisa) was initially developed as a CYP11B2 inhibitor but due to poor selectivity was recently repurposed as the first Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for CYP11B1-mediated Cushing disease. Thus, there is still no effective therapeutic option targeting CYP11B2 for primar

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Sun, Kang, Diane Brockman, Begona Campos, Brad Pitzer, and Leslie Myatt. "Induction of Surfactant Protein A Expression by Cortisol Facilitates Prostaglandin Synthesis in Human Chorionic Trophoblasts." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 12 (2006): 4988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1472.

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Abstract Context: Surfactant protein A (SP-A) may be an important link between the maturation of fetal organs and the initiation of parturition. However, the local expression of SP-A and the effect of SP-A on prostaglandin synthesis in human fetal membranes have not been resolved. Objective: Our objective was to examine SP-A expression and the effect of SP-A on prostaglandin synthesis in human fetal membranes. Design: SP-A expression was examined with immunohistochemistry and PCR. The effect of SP-A on prostaglandin synthesis was investigated in cultured human chorionic trophoblasts. Patients:

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Bird, Ian M. "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and nitric oxide function: new light through old windows." Journal of Endocrinology 210, no. 3 (2011): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-11-0216.

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The principle mechanisms operating at the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) itself to control its activity are phosphorylation, the auto-regulatory properties of the protein itself, and Ca2+/calmodulin binding. It is now clear that activation of eNOS is greatest when phosphorylation of certain serine and threonine residues is accompanied by elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+]i. While eNOS also contains an autoinhibitory loop, Rafikov et al. (2011) present the evidence for a newly identified ‘flexible arm’ that operates in response to redox state. Boeldt et al. (2011) also review the

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Knutson, Nathan, and Charles E. Wood. "Interaction of PGHS-2 and glutamatergic mechanisms controlling the ovine fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 1 (2010): R365—R370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00163.2010.

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Prostaglandins, generated within the fetal brain, are integral components of the mechanism controlling the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous studies in this laboratory demonstrated that prostaglandin G/H synthase isozyme 2 (PGHS-2) inhibition reduces the fetal HPA axis response to cerebral hypoperfusion, blocks the preparturient rise in fetal plasma ACTH concentration, and delays parturition. We also discovered that blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors reduces the fetal ACTH response to cerebral hypoperfusion. The present study was designed to test the hypo

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Shibata, Hirotaka, Hiromichi Suzuki, Tadashi Ogishima, Yuzuru Ishimura, and Takao Saruta. "Significance of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathogenesis of adrenal tumour." Acta Endocrinologica 128, no. 3 (1993): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1280235.

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We examined both activities and amounts of steroidogenic cytochrome P-450s at the posttranslational protein level and steroid contents in the adrenocortical adenoma from patients with primary aldosteronism and Cushing's syndrome. Aldosterone synthase cytochrome P-450 (human P-450aldo) was detected in the tumour portion of aldosterone-producing adenoma, but not in the normal control adrenals, at the protein level. Neither the activities nor the amounts of other P-450s in the tumour portion of aldosterone-producing adenoma were significantly different from those in the non-tumour portion in the

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MacKenzie, Scott M., Deborah Dewar, William Stewart, Robert Fraser, John M. C. Connell, and Eleanor Davies. "The transcription of steroidogenic genes in the human cerebellum and hippocampus: a comparative survey of normal and Alzheimer's tissue." Journal of Endocrinology 196, no. 1 (2007): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0427.

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Steroid actions on brain tissue have been implicated in processes such as blood pressure regulation and neurodegeneration, including the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). mRNAs from all of the genes required for de novo synthesis from cholesterol of aldosterone and corticosterone (equivalent to cortisol in humans) have been identified in rat brain, together with abundant steroid hormone receptors, but the situation in human brain requires clarification. We used real-time RT-PCR to assess whether transcription of 13 steroid-associated genes occurs in human hippocampus and cerebellum, and

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Kola, Blerina, Mirjam Christ-Crain, Francesca Lolli, et al. "Changes in Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase as a Mechanism of Visceral Obesity in Cushing’s Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 12 (2008): 4969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-1297.

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Objective: Features of the metabolic syndrome such as central obesity with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are typical signs of Cushing’s syndrome and common side effects of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory enzyme of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as appetite, is involved in the development of the deleterious metabolic effects of excess glucocorticoids, but no data are available in humans. In the current study, we demonstrate the effect of high glucocorticoid levels on AMPK activity of human adipose tissue samples from pat

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Nanba, Kazutaka, Kei Omata, Scott A. Tomlins, et al. "Double adrenocortical adenomas harboring independent KCNJ5 and PRKACA somatic mutations." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (2016): K1—K6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-0262.

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Objective Co-secretion of cortisol and aldosterone can be observed in adrenal adenomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of a co-existing aldosterone- and a cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA) in the same patient. Design and methods Two different adenomas within the same adrenal gland from a 49-year-old female patient with primary aldosteronism (PA) and Cushing's syndrome (CS) were studied. Multiple formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were used for the analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using a specific antibody against aldosterone s

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De Coster, R., C. Mahler, L. Denis, et al. "Effects of high-dose ketoconazole and dexamethasone on ACTH-stimulated adrenal steroidogenesis in orchiectomized prostatic cancer patients." Acta Endocrinologica 115, no. 2 (1987): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1150265.

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Abstract. The effects of high-dose ketoconazole (i.e. 400 mg every 8 h) therapy on adrenal steroidogenesis were investigated in 7 patients with advanced prostatic cancer who no longer responded to orchiectomy. An ACTH challenge was performed before and on days 14 and 28 of high-dose ketoconazole treatment. During the last 14 days, dexamethasone (0.5 mg twice daily) was administered together with ketoconazole. High-dose ketoconazole alone lowered the basal levels of the androgens by 49–66%. It almost completely inhibited their stimulation by ACTH, whereas plasma progesterone was doubled. Basal

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