Journal articles: 'Corundum – Analysis'

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Ren, Xue Hua, Ping Zhao, Qi Hui Lai, and Xuan Qin. "Analysis to Mullite Bonded Corundum Purging Plug." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.49.

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We chose a purging plug with good performance to analyze its insert plate. By X ray fluorescence analysis method, the main chemical composition is alumina and the small amount is silica. XRD analysis shows its phase compositions, main crystal phase is corundum, the secondary phase is mullite. SEM analysis is for the microstructure, grains are packed closely. They are sintered tabular corundums with smooth shape, which means there is liquid phase in sintering process to help mass transfer. As a conclusion, this product is designed from the point of material selection and structure control to improve its thermal shock resistance. Compacted microstructure combining with good thermal shock-resistance mineral phases improve the service life of purging plug.

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Ding, Cheng Dong, Gang Zhang, and Jian Hong Yang. "Properties Analysis of Corundum Castables and Corundum MA Spinel Castables." Key Engineering Materials 544 (March 2013): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.544.316.

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Due to its excellent properties and good workability, castables is widely used in metallurgical field especially in steel and nonferrous metallurgical industry. In this article, we mainly had a comparative analysis of corundum castables and corundum MA spinel castables with 15% and 30% MA spinel addition . The physical and mechanical properties such as the bulk density, apparent porosity, cold modulus of rupture, cold crushing strength and thermal shock resistance of samples were studied after different temperature heating treated at 110°C×24h, 1100°C×3h and 1400°C×3h, respectively. The thermal conductivity of different samples at 750°C were tested by plate heat conduction method, phase composition and microstructure of samples with 15% MA spinel addition after different temperature heating treated were tested by XRD and SEM respectively. The results showed that: the properties of corundum MA spinel castables with 15% MA spinel addition is relatively good, the corundum castables take second place, samples with 30% MA spinel addition showed the worst performance among the three. After the heating treatment at 1400°C×3h, the CCS and CMOR of the samples is higher than that of 110°C×24h and 1100°C×3h due to the CA6 formation. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of the corundum-based castables at 750°C is relatively higher compared with that of 15% and 30% MA addition, reaches at 1.260w/ (m.k).

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Lukin, E. S., N. A. Makarov, Yu M. Mosin, and E. A. Oleinik. "Analysis of corundum ceramics strength." Glass and Ceramics 56, no. 5-6 (May 1999): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681323.

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Thuyết, Nguyễn Thị Minh, Ngụy Tuyết Nhung, and Nguyễn Ngọc Khôi. "NGUỒN GỐC VÀ ĐIỀU KIỆN THÀNH TẠO CỦA CORINDON TRONG ĐÁ GNEIS MỎ TRÚC LÂU, HUYỆN LỤC YÊN, TỈNH YÊN BÁI." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 33, no. 1 (December 21, 2011): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/33/1/277.

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Origin and forming conditions of corundums in gneiss in Truc Lau mine, Luc Yen District, Yen Bai ProvinceTruc Lau gem mining area, belonged to Truc Lau, Phuc Loi commune of Luc Yen district, Yen Bai province, islocated in the Red River zone. Here, corundums (ruby, sapphire) have been exploited in placer since the late 80s of the last century. In recent years, they have been found in gneiss host rock. Based on the results of chemical composition, crystal structure, inclusion, color, absorption spectrum of corundum as well as mineral assemblage analysis and thermobarometer confirmed that corundums from Truc Lau gneiss are the production of metapelite and formed by breaking down of muscovite at 650-769oC, 7.6-5.2kbar.

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Skidin, Ihor, Oksana Vodennikova, Sergii Vodennikov, Levan Saithareiev, and Shamil Telkov. "Parameter analysis of non-metallic inclusion formation in thermite alloys." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128007015.

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The methodology of calculating parameters of the primary and secondary non-metallic inclusion formation in thermite alloys is offered. The regularities of the growth time of non-metallic inclusion in the form of corundum depending on its size, mass and quantity are analysed. It is shown that in the thermite alloy obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, the average size of corundum inclusions, surrounding the heterogeneous inclusions of chromium carbide, is 15.4 μm. It is shown that during the process of aluminothermic reactions of the SHS process a significant number of small inclusions of corundum is formed. It is shown that the alumina particles are dissolved in the alloy and they are the centers of crystallization and play the role of inoculating modifier.

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Wang, Ning. "Characteristics Analysis of Plane Processing of Sapphire Corundum Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.20.

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In order to solve the problems of plane processing of the sapphire corundum crystals, an orthogonal test design was put forward to investigate the key factors that influencing the quality of grinding and polishing, and the optimal plane processing parameters were obtained by visual analysis. The samples of the sapphire corundum crystals were processed using the optimal plane processing parameters, and the surface roughness was also detected using Mahr roughness instrument, the test results show that the plane quality is improved dramatically.

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Yang, Huan Ying, Yong Li, Shu Long Liu, Chang He Gao, Shu Long Ma, and Lin Jun Wang. "Sintering Characters Analysis of the Al₂O₃-86 Homogenized Bauxite." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.35.

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The present explains sintering characters of the Al2O3-86 homogenized bauxite under wet processes homogenization, which includes classified bauxite mine, wet grinding, vacuum extrusion, sintering in tunnel kiln,etc. DSC and TG reveal an evident peak of absorption heat at 531°C, resulting from the dehydroxylation of bauxite. Green samples held at 550°C*6hrs were heated up to different temperatures, and the properties of weight loss, linear change, bulk density and apparent porosity were measured. The data show that liquid-phase emerge and sintering process goes slowly above 1100°C. At 1500°C, large amounts of liquid-phase form, making liquid-phase sintering have a positive effect. The analysis of XRD and SEM indicate that, corundum grains develop more inadequate and most of the corundums interlace in a compact way, which can separate the widespread liquid phase and improve the sintering capability of homogenized bauxite.

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Li, D. Y., and B. H. O'Connor. "A Multi-Line Standardless Method for X-Ray Powder Diffraction Phase Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008727.

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AbstractQuantitative phase analysis (QPA) methods which employ only one diffraction line for each phase arc generally unreliable due to the influence of systematic errors such as preferred orientation and extinction. Gazzara and Messier (1977) proposed a multi-line QPA method using normalised line intensities for line j of phase i,where Iij = measured Bragg intensity, m = multiplicity, Lp = Lorentz-polarisation factor, |F| = structure amplitude and Vi = cell volume. The method proposed here is a refinement of the Gazzara-Messier procedure. Phase compositions are calculated directly from the mean normalised Intensity for resolved lines which span the 2θ range of the instrument. The method makes use of the variance in to estimate standard deviations for the phase compositions. Test results are given for binaries of corundum-quartz and corundum-ceria.

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Yaitskiy, Serhiy, Liudmyla Bragina, and Yuliya Sobol. "Analysis of the Bacor Refractories after their Service in Glass Furnace." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.03.373.

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The degree of the baddeleyite-corundum refractories erosion depending on the areas of their location in the glass-making furnace in the float glass production was established. With the use of petrographic analysis the influence of chemical and mineral composition and also temperature and gas environment on corrosion of bacor linings was studied. Due to obtained results the recommendations in relation to the increase of glass-attack resistance of the furnace and its service life length were formulated.

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10

Raab, G. A. "Semiquantitative Analysis by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (SQXRD) of the < 2 mm to 0.002 mm and < 0.002 mm Fractions of Soil." Powder Diffraction 3, no. 3 (September 1988): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600032875.

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AbstractThe method described in this paper is a strict protocol for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of mineral phases found in soils. Its application is not restricted to soils and is an attempt to standardize XRD sample preparation and analysis. The protocol requires the particle size of the < 2 mm - 0.002 mm fraction be reduced to 0.002 mm before analysis. In die qualitative section, the clay fraction ( < 0.002 mm particle size) is prepared as oriented slides. The suspended clay fraction is saturated with ethylene glycol, K +, and Mg+2; pipeted; air-dried; heat-treated at 110°C, 350°C, and 550°C; and X-rayed at each step in order to properly identify the clay minerals. In the quantitative section, the method employs a matrix-flushing agent, corundum (Al2O3). The corundum acts also as an internal standard, a calibration standard, and a reference standard. The suspended clay fraction is freeze-dried and corundum is added to each sample. Randomly oriented powder mounts are prepared from the < 2 mm - 0.002 mm fraction, and the < 0.002 mm fraction, and X-rayed. A series of reference standards are prepared based on the existing mineralogy, corundum is added, and each mixture is X-rayed. The software integrates the area under specific peaks (chosen for intensity and no overlap) in each sample, calculates the reference intensity ratios (RIRs) and calculates the percentage of each mineral based on the equation of Chung (1974). The attention to detail allows documentation and verification of the results yielding data of known quality.

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11

Huang, Yuzhou, Jing Long Bu, Yue Jun Chen, and Zhi Fa Wang. "Research on Mullite-Corundum-Aluminium Titanate Composite." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.308.

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Mullite-aluminium titanate-corundum composite was prepared at 1300°C with refractory clay, aluminium titanate and high alumina grog as raw material, molded at pressure of 50MPa. Effect of raw material ratio on sintering and themal shock resistance of the mullite-aluminium titanate-corundum composite was researched by measurements of apparent porosity, bending strength and residual strength after water-cool, and analyses of XRD and SEM. The results showed that as refractory clay content, apparent porosity of samples decrease, bulk density and bending strength increase. When the weight ratio of refractory clay, aluminium titanate and high alumina grog is 60/10/30, themal shock resistance of sample is excellent, The XRD and SEM analysis results indicated that the mechanical and thermal proprieties are relative to the microstructure and crystal phases of the composite materials.

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12

Krebs, Mandy, Matthew Hardman, David Pearson, Yan Luo, Andrew Fagan, and Chiranjeeb Sarkar. "An Evaluation of the Potential for Determination of the Geographic Origin of Ruby and Sapphire Using an Expanded Trace Element Suite Plus Sr–Pb Isotope Compositions." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050447.

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The geographic origin of gem corundum has emerged as one of its major value factors. Combined with gemological observations, trace element analysis is a powerful tool for the determination of corundum provenance. However, owing to similar properties and features of gem corundum from different localities, but similar geological settings, and very low levels of many trace elements in gem corundum, the determination of geographic origin remains challenging. In this study, we present trace elements compositions determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for rubies and blue sapphires from several different localities of geologically similar deposits: high-Fe amphibolite-type rubies, low-Fe marble-type rubies, and metamorphic blue sapphires. In addition, we determined Sr and Pb isotopic ratios by offline laser ablation sampling followed by thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS). By applying new and existing elemental discrimination schemes and the multivariate statistical method linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we show that, in addition to the commonly used discriminators Mg, Fe, V, Ti, and Ga, the elements Ni, Zr, Cr, and Zn show potential for geographic origin determination. Amphibolite-type rubies from different localities can be discriminated using Sr and Pb isotope ratios, whereas the discrimination of marble-type ruby and metamorphic blue sapphires is limited. Our results re-emphasize the challenge of geographic origin determination and the need for a more powerful discriminatory tool.

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13

Bonizzoni, L., A. Galli, G. Spinolo, and V. Palanza. "EDXRF quantitative analysis of chromophore chemical elements in corundum samples." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 395, no. 7 (October 12, 2009): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3158-1.

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14

Pezzotti, Giuseppe, and Wenliang Zhu. "Resolving stress tensor components in space from polarized Raman spectra: polycrystalline alumina." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 4 (2015): 2608–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04244a.

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15

Perepelitsyn, V. A., L. V. Ostryakov, M. N. Dunaeva, and A. Yu Kolobov. "Phase transformations of the Al₂O₃‒SiC‒C concretes under the slagging testing." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 7 (December 25, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-7-29-38.

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The investigating results are given in the article for the detailed mineral-petrographic analysis of the phase and structural transformation in the corundum, silicon carbide and graphite components of the samples taken at diﬀerent parts of the concrete crucible in course of the extreme conditions testing (1600 °С, 10 hours, varying oxidation-reduction environment). It was defned that the main concrete's minerals components had the relative slag resistance which decreased in the consequence: graphite, silicon carbide, corundum, mullite, glass phase.Ill.12. Ref. 27. Tab. 2.

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Zietz, Carmen, Andreas Fritsche, Birgit Finke, Vitezslav Stranak, Maximilian Haenle, Rainer Hippler, Wolfram Mittelmeier, and Rainer Bader. "Analysis of the Release Characteristics of Cu-Treated Antimicrobial Implant Surfaces Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/850390.

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New developments of antimicrobial implant surfaces doped with copper (Cu) ions may minimize the risk of implant-associated infections. However, experimental evaluation of the Cu release is influenced by various test parameters. The aim of our study was to evaluate the Cu release characteristicsin vitroaccording to the storage fluid and surface roughness. Plasma immersion ion implantation of Cu (Cu-PIII) and pulsed magnetron sputtering process of a titanium copper film (Ti-Cu) were applied to titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) samples with different surface finishing of the implant material (polished, hydroxyapatite and corundum blasted). The samples were submersed into either double-distilled water, human serum, or cell culture medium. Subsequently, the Cu concentration in the supernatant was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The test fluid as well as the surface roughness can alter the Cu release significantly, whereby the highest Cu release was determined for samples with corundum-blasted surfaces stored in cell medium.

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Cao, Feng, Xing Rong Wu, and Rainer Telle. "Study of Thermal Shock Resistance of Sagger Plate Used in Floppy Magnets Sintering." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1667.

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The rapid development of magnetic materials has witnessed a sustained consumption increase in corundum-mullite kiln furniture application, yet a comparatively short duration of them. In this view, the thermal shock resistance of sagger plate in floppy magnets sintering turns out a factor of critical importance. This paper makes a study concerning the influence of factors including the size of critical electro-melted mullite particles, the electro-melted corundum or mullite as medium particles and the addition of upon the thermal shock resistance. The result shows that, with critical particles of 2 mm, the sheet of about 10mm thickness is characterized by better performance in modulus of rapture and thermal shock resistance. The latter proves to be more outstanding in samples rather than mullite. When zircon powder is added in a two-hour sintering process at the temperature of 1550°C, a remarkable improvement is made by the sample in terms of its thermal shock resistance. SEM analysis shows the existence of micropores in the section of samples with corundum as medium particles, whereas the glasses phase in that of mullite sample, resulting in a dense structure. Finally, zircon powder added makes for the improvement of thermal shock resistance due to the formation of baddeleyite on the particle surface of the corundum.

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Kocman, Karel. "Analysis of development grinding wheels on the basis of microcrystalline corundum." Manufacturing Technology 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2010/a/1213-2489/mt/10/1/2.

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Yu, Xiao-xiang, Ahmet Gulec, Christopher M. Andolina, Evan J. Zeitchick, Kateryna Gusieva, Judith C. Yang, John R. Scully, John H. Perepezko, and Laurence D. Marks. "In Situ Observations of Early Stage Oxidation of Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys." Corrosion 74, no. 9 (June 1, 2018): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2807.

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Results of in situ transmission electron microscopy experiments on the early stage oxidation of Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys are reported. An epitaxial rock-salt oxide with compositions outside the conventional solubility limits initiated at the surface of both alloys, progressing by a layer-by-layer mode. Kirkendall voids were found in Ni-Cr alloys near the metal/oxide interface, but were not seen in the Ni-Cr-Mo. The voids initiated in the oxide then diffused to the metal/oxide interface, driven by the misfit stresses in the oxide. A sequential oxide initiation was observed in NiCr alloys: rock-salt → spinel → corundum; however, for NiCrMo alloys, the metastable Ni2-xCrxO3 (corundum structure) phase formed shortly after the growth of the rock-salt phase. Chemical analysis shows that solute atoms were captured in the initial oxide before diffusing and transforming to more thermodynamically stable phases. The results indicate that Mo doping inhibits the formation of Kirkendall voids via an increase in the nucleation rate of corundum, which was verified by density functional theory calculations.

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Scarlett, Nicola V. Y., Ian C. Madsen, Lachlan M. D. Cranswick, Thaung Lwin, Edward Groleau, Gregory Stephenson, Mark Aylmore, and Nicki Agron-Olshina. "Outcomes of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Powder Diffraction Round Robin on Quantitative Phase Analysis: samples 2, 3, 4, synthetic bauxite, natural granodiorite and pharmaceuticals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 4 (July 18, 2002): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802008798.

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The International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) Commission on Powder Diffraction (CPD) has sponsored a round robin on the determination of quantitative phase abundance from diffraction data. The aims of the round robin have been detailed by Madsenet al.[J. Appl. Cryst.(2001),34, 409–426]. In summary, they were (i) to document the methods and strategies commonly employed in quantitative phases analysis (QPA), especially those involving powder diffraction, (ii) to assess levels of accuracy, precision and lower limits of detection, (iii) to identify specific problem areas and develop practical solutions, (iv) to formulate recommended procedures for QPA using diffraction data, and (v) to create a standard set of samples for future reference. The first paper (Madsenet al., 2001) covered the results of sample 1 (a simple three-phase mixture of corundum, fluorite and zincite). The remaining samples used in the round robin covered a wide range of analytical complexity, and presented a series of different problems to the analysts. These problems included preferred orientation (sample 2), the analysis of amorphous content (sample 3), microabsorption (sample 4), complex synthetic and natural mineral suites, along with pharmaceutical mixtures with and without an amorphous component. This paper forms the second part of the round-robin study and reports the results of samples 2 (corundum, fluorite, zincite, brucite), 3 (corundum, fluorite, zincite, silica flour) and 4 (corundum, magnetite, zircon), synthetic bauxite, natural granodiorite and the synthetic pharmaceutical mixtures (mannitol, nizatidine, valine, sucrose, starch). The outcomes of this second part of the round robin support the findings of the initial study. The presence of increased analytical problems within these samples has only served to exacerbate the difficulties experienced by many operators with the sample 1 suite. The major difficulties are caused by lack of operator expertise, which becomes more apparent with these more complex samples. Some of these samples also introduced the requirement for skill and judgement in sample preparation techniques. This second part of the round robin concluded that the greatest physical obstacle to accurate QPA for X-ray based methods is the presence of absorption contrast between phases (microabsorption), which may prove to be insurmountable in some circumstances.

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Chaiyo, N., R. Muanghlua, A. Ruangphanit, Wanwilai C. Vittayakorn, and Naratip Vittayakorn. "Synthesis, Phase Formation and Characterization of Co₄Nb₂O₉ Powders Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.873.

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A corundum-type structure of cobalt niobate (Co4Nb2O9) has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction. The formation of the Co4Nb2O9 phase in the calcined powders was investigated as a function of calcination conditions by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Morphology and particle size have been determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the minor phases of unreacted Co3O4 tend to form together with the columbite CoNb2O6 phase at a low calcination temperature and short dwell time. It seems that the single-phase of Co4Nb2O9 in a corundum phase can be obtained successfully at the calcination conditions of 900°C for 60 min, with heating/cooling rates of 20°C /min.

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Atmaja, Lukman, Hamzah Fansuri, and Anggaria Maharani. "CRYSTALLINE PHASE REACTIVITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 1 (July 12, 2011): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21426.

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Aluminosilicate, alkaline solution and fly ash from a power plant have been used to synthesize geopolymer at ambient temperature. SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio of the starting materials was varied by the addition of pure, insoluble corundum and quartz. The geopolymer exhibited some differences in the ratio of initial reaction mixtures and that of final products. The corundum gave no influence to the compressive strength while the quartz at SiO2/Al2O3=4.0-6.0 produced significant change in the strength. The highest compressive strength achieved was 65 MPa. XRD using analysis Rietveld method proved that quartz has been found both in starting materials as well as in the geopolymer indicating the involvement of crystalline phases, to some extent, in geopolymerization process.

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Scardi, Paolo, Luca Lutterotti, and Rosa Di Maggio. "Size-Strain and Quantitative Phase Analysis by the Rietveld Method." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008685.

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AbstractA modified version of the Rietveld method has been developed for quantitative phase analysis in conjunction with crystallite size and microstrain determination.Besides the information on the microstructural disorder in the different phases present in the sample, accurate phase analysis can be performed, even in presence of anisotropic crystallites, taking into account the non-instrumental peak broadening effect in a better way compared to conventional methods.The method has been tested on binary mixtures of corundum, ceria stabilized zirconia and on a polyphase stabilized zirconia sample.

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Gualtieri, Alessandro F., Vincenzo Riva, Andrea Bresciani, Stefano Maretti, Marco Tamburini, and Alberto Viani. "Accuracy in quantitative phase analysis of mixtures with large amorphous contents. The case of stoneware ceramics and bricks." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 3 (April 26, 2014): 835–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671400627x.

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For the first time, this work inspects the accuracy of quantitative phase analysis of both crystalline and amorphous components of stoneware tiles and bricks. A number of variables were considered: the nature of the internal standard, experimental conditions and counting statistics. The so-calledG-factor method has also been applied. The results of the X-ray powder diffraction analysis have been compared with the results obtained with optical microscopy and image analysis. Only the mixtures spiked with corundum and silicon yielded accurate weight estimates of the amorphous fraction, whereas the use of highly X-ray absorbing internal standards (such as fluorite, rutile and zincite) resulted in gross underestimations. In fact, microabsorption effects are found to drastically reduce the accuracy of the results when standards with linear X-ray absorption coefficients higher than 100 cm−1are employed. It was found that very low counting statistics reduced the calculated amorphous fractions in both bricks and stoneware tiles owing to partial masking of the major peak of the internal standard, namely corundum. The application of theG-factor method to the systems investigated was also evaluated. The results are poorer than those obtained using the internal standard.

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Bayliss, Peter. "Quantitative Analysis of Sedimentary Minerals by Powder X-ray Diffraction." Powder Diffraction 1, no. 2 (June 1986): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600011556.

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AbstractThe variables of reflection overlap, crystallinity and crystallite size, primary extinction, microabsorption, chemical substitutions, preferred orientation, and analytical procedures affect quantitative analysis by powder X-ray diffraction. The intensity of the strongest reflection (I) of 39 minerals from a typical sedimentary environment divided by the intensity of the strongest reflection (Ic) of corundum, I/Ic, may be used to determine mineral percentages. Because of the numerous variables mentioned above, the I/Ic ratios used should be taken from multi-mineral specimens that occur either in the same geological formation for quantitative analysis (±7%) or in a similar geological formation for quantitative analysis (±30%).

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Liu, Xiaoli, Seamus Ober, Weihua Tang, and Chee-Keong Tan. "Large bandgap tuning in corundum Al2(O1−xSex)3." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 23 (2021): 7436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00907a.

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Our work shows a remarkable bandgap tuning range of 7.46 eV with AlOSe alloys, a type of III-oxychalcogenide class. Further analysis revealed large band offsets in conduction and valence bands, implying type-I band alignment in AlOSe/Al₂O₃ systems.

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Galoisy, Laurence, and Georges Calas. "Inhomogeneous distribution of Cr impurities in α–Al2O3 during refractory aging." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 5 (May 1993): 1153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.1153.

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Aged alumina refractories have been investigated by EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) and EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analysis). EPMA shows that Cr is homogeneously distributed inside the corundum grains within spatial resolution (1 μm). Cr3+ concentration at the atomic scale is obtained by EPR by the magnitude of dipolar broadening due to Cr-Cr interactions. This local concentration appears to be systematically higher (up to a factor of 10) than the average chromium content of the corundum crystals determined by EPMA. Cr3+ ions may be preferentially concentrated at the vicinity of extended lattice defects which help in accommodating the lattice strain due to the size difference between Al3+ and Cr3+ cations. A random location of these defects explains the apparent homogeneous chromium distribution found by EPMA in these aged refractories.

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Vancoille, E., B. Blanpain, Ye Xingpu, J.-P. Celis, and J. R. Roos. "Tribo-oxidation of a TiN coating sliding against corundum." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 4 (April 1994): 992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0992.

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This paper is aimed at understanding the tribo-oxidation of a physical vapor-deposited TiN coating when sliding against a corundum ball. This is achieved through a compositional and structural analysis of the wear debris. Wear debris particles generated at three different sliding speeds were analyzed with micro-Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The analysis showed that the wear debris when formed at the low and medium sliding speed consist of TiO2 with a nanocrystalline structure containing both anatase and rutile structural elements. Only rutile structural elements could be observed in the debris formed at the high sliding speed. These results on the characterization of the wear debris are interpreted with calculations of the flash temperature in the tribo-contact and with recent ball-on-disk results on the wear rate of TiN as a function of the sliding speed to propose a mechanistic view of the tribo-oxidation and wear process. The relation with previous and recent experimental results on the static oxidation of TiN is also given.

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Pereira, Gilberto J., and Fernando dos Santos Ortega. "Synthesis and Characterization of SrO-Supported Al₂O₃ Applied as Heterogeneous Catalys." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1108.

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In this work, samples of 15 mol% Sr-doped Al2O3 were synthesized by Pechini's method and calcined at 900°C. DRX analysis showed that only corundum phase is present, and no shift on the main peaks was observed, suggesting that the additive is preferentially located on the surface of nanoparticles as a surface excess. SrO show high basic character and is applied as heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of soybean oil to produce biodiesel. Since SrO is difficult to obtain through Pechinis method, due to high stability of SrCO3, the use of Al2O3 as a catalyst support produced via polymeric precursor was studied, and the reaction of transesterification was successfully made, because the crystallization of strontium carbonate on the corundum surface was avoided using the washing procedure. Also, the catalyst was characterized by DSC, isoelectric point and surface area.

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Leun, E. V., V. I. Leun, and A. E. Shahanov. "Metrological analysis of laser active control devices of details dimensions using corundum tips." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 158 (2018): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2018-158-98-104.

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Dolgin, A. S., S. P. Bogdanov, N. A. Khristyuk, V. V. Kozlov, and M. M. Sychev. "Comparative Analysis of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Corundum Products Obtained by 3D Printing." Glass Physics and Chemistry 45, no. 6 (November 2019): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1087659619060051.

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Hidayat, Nurul, Ahmad Taufiq, Sunaryono, and Suminar Pratapa. "Crystalline Phase Analysis and Thermal Expansion Coefficient Calculation of Quartz-Sand/Corundum Composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1093 (September 2018): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1093/1/012041.

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Amigó, José M., Francisco J. Serrano, Marek A. Kojdecki, Joaquín Bastida, Vicente Esteve, María Mercedes Reventós, and Francisco Martí. "X-ray diffraction microstructure analysis of mullite, quartz and corundum in porcelain insulators." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25, no. 9 (June 2005): 1479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.05.019.

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Rossi, Stefano, Massimo Calovi, David Velez, Itziar Rodriguez, Mónica del Rincón, Jose Maria Munoz, and Hans Juergen Grande. "Microstructural Analysis and Surface Modification of a Vitreous Enamel Modified with Corundum Particles." Advanced Engineering Materials 21, no. 8 (June 11, 2019): 1900231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201900231.

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Tan, Fangguan, Shengli Jin, Zhu He, and Yawei Li. "Numerical Analysis of the Irreversible Behavior of Corundum Castable Purging Plugs During Service." JOM 73, no. 10 (August 17, 2021): 2911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04838-0.

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Chen, J. F., J. H. Cui, and F. Li. "CBN Slipstone Super-Accurate Grinding Theoretical Analysis and Application." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.165.

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In this paper, the principle and impact factors for super-accurate grinding are analyzed and discussed. A comparative test is made to investigate the differences between advanced cubic boron nitride (CBN) slipstone and ordinary CBN abrasive corundum in performance such as grinding force, grinding temperature, metal surface metamorphic layer and so on. Based on these results, we design and manufacture a carding Laura slot super-accurate grinding machine. This new grinding machine is standard in system, compact in structure and perfect in appearance. Its fixture has a high positioning accuracy. The surface roughness of the Laura manufactured on the new grinding machine has reduced to Ra0.01μm. The productivity of the new machine increases by 25 times.

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Wu, Jian Peng, Chun Yan Yao, Li Yun Cao, Jian Feng Huang, Hai Yan He, and Hui Zhu. "Foundation of the Standard Curve Database for Quantitative Analysis by Internal Standard Method Based on XRD." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.1.

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In order to make quantitative analysis by internal standard method, 24 standard curves of inorganic compounds including quartz, corundum, TiO2, BaTiO3, etc. were obtained and the corresponding quantitative analyses were accomplished based on the quantitative analysis software attached in Rigaku D/Max-2200 X-Ray diffractometer. Results show that the coefficient of association R of the as-prepared curves are at the range of 0.928－0.980. By validating the samples with due content, it reveals that the analytical results are consistent with the actual values well, which indicate that the prepared standard curves are suitable for high-precision XRD phase quantitative analysis. Uniformity of samples is an important factor in the quantitative analysis by internal standard method.

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Kulakov, B. A., V. K. Dubrovin, and O. M. Zaslavskaya. "Evaluating Heat Resistance of Mold Shells in Investment Casting." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.678.

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The paper describes the theory of developing the heat-resistance criterion for disposable ceramic molds exposed to poured metal, creating a computational and experimental method for computing the heat resistance by rapidly heating the mold by an electric arc, as well as analysis of comparative data on quartz, dinas, and electric-corundum molds from the standpoint of the developed criterial-evaluation theory. In this case, the heat resistance is of one-time character, as this mold sustains only a single casting. Computational and experimental data indicate a low heat resistance of β-quartz, making them non-recommendable for annealing and metal pouring if there is not supporting filler. Molds based on electric-corundum or dinas fillers are free of such drawbacks, with the latter being considerably cheaper. The use of tridymited dinas powders is effective after grinding the spent dinas lining of electric furnaces.

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Fang, Bin Xiang, Bo Quan Zhu, Wen Jie Zhang, Xue Dong Li, and Zheng Yun Fan. "Hydration Resistance of Al/AlN Bonded Corundum Based Multiphase Material." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1133.

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The Al/AlN bonded corundum based multiphase material was prepared by raw materials of fused alumina and metallic aluminum powder by in situ reaction at 1100°C for 3h in N2 . The XRD analysis showed that the mineral phases of prepared material are corundum, metallic aluminum and AlN respectively. The SEM investigation revealed that both tetragonal whiskers and hexagon powders of AlN were formed. The results of hydration tests indicated that the rate of weight gain and pulverization of the material were negligible and the ratio of residual crushing strength was kept at a high level. The XRD patterns of samples after hydration tests identified that the AlN phase still remained although a small amount of AlOOH and Al(OH)3 was formed due to the hydration of AlN. It is believed that the limited hydration of AlN should be contributed to the dissolution of O element to AlN. The hydration mechanism of AlN was discussed.

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Ivashutenko, Aleksander S., N. V. Martyushev, and Valeriy P. Bezborodov. "Influence of Phase Composition on Properties of Corundum-Zirconium Ceramic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.293.

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The results of the analysis of influence of the phase composition of corundum-zirconium ceramic on its properties are presented in this paper. It was established that the most perspective ceramic has composition 0,6 (ZrО2 + 3M% Y2O3) – 0,4 Аl2О3. High strength properties of this composition are determined by the presence of compressive stresses and the opportunity of retaining of tetragonal grains ZrО2 in a metastable condition at low temperatures.

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Nguyen, Ann, Ernst Zinner, and Roy S. Lewis. "Identification of Small Presolar Spinel and Corundum Grains by Isotopic Raster Imaging." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 20, no. 4 (2003): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as03030.

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AbstractThe oxygen isotopic compositions of densely packed submicron oxide grains in two grain separates of different grain size from the CM2 carbonaceous chondrite Murray were determined by multi-detection raster imaging on the NanoSIMS ion microprobe. This led to the identification of 81 presolar spinel and 3 presolar corundum grains among ∼51 700 grains in the CF residue (mean diameter 0.15 µm) and 171 presolar spinel and 29 presolar corundum grains among ˜21 500 grains in the CG residue (mean diameter 0.45 µm). Previous NanoSIMS analysis of individual grains from the same residues has led to the discovery of 15 presolar spinel and 3 presolar corundum grains among 628 CF grains, and 9 presolar spinels among 753 CG grains. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the presolar oxides found by raster imaging are comparable to those of the presolar oxides measured individually. While the abundance of presolar spinel among the (larger) grains of the CG residue is the same for both techniques, the detection efficiency for presolar spinel by imaging among the (smaller) grains in CF is lower due to the small size of these grains. Nonetheless, it is possible to identify presolar grains of this size range. Though single grain measurements are effective for determining the precise isotopic compositions and abundances of presolar grains, raster ion imaging is the method of choice in searches for rare presolar grain types such as presolar silicates.

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Martynenko, V. V., Р. O. Kushchenko, K. I. Kushchenko, Yu O. Krakhmal, E. L. Karjakina, and Yu Ye Mishnyova. "Influence research of temperature heat treatment on the microstructure of alumina ceramics." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.13.

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The JSC "URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy" developed and introduced the technology of highly refractory alumina extra-dense ceramics. It is known that, the structure and properties of alumina ceramics in many cases depend on the temperature of its heat treatment, the holding time at the final temperature, the thermal unit, and a number of other factors. In order to study the processes of structure formation during of heat treatment the microstructure of alumina ceramic samples of two compositions (composition 1 with a moisture content of 30 %, as well as with dispersing and hardening additives, and composition 2 with a moisture content of 20 % only with dispersing additive) which were made by slip casting aqueous alumina slips based on reactive alumina α–from with Al2O3 content over 99 %, specific surface ~ 9 m2/g by electron microscopic analysis was studied. It was established that, after heat treatment at 1000 °C the beginning of sintering and recrystallization of corundum grains are observed, after heat treatment at 1200 °C take place packing of structure and recrystallization of α–Al2O3. After firing at 1400 °C the microstructure of samples composition 1 is represented to a large extent by crystals of tabular corundum with a particle size ~ 0.5—5.5 μm, predominant — ~ 2.5—3.0 μm. After firing at 1400 °C the microstructure of samples composition 2 is represented — by individual particles of a rounded and oval form with a size of ~ 0.5—3.5 μm, predominant — ~ 1.5—2.0 μm which are interconnected by intercrystalline layers. The microstructure of alumina ceramic samples of both compositions after firing at 1500 °C is similar and is composed of recrystallized corundum grains with a size of ~ 0.5—5.5 μm, predominant — ~ 1.5—2.0 μm, among which there are also larger α–Al2O3 grains, with a size of ~ 2—8 μm. After firing at 1580 °C the microstructure of samples is represented by a dense fine-grained structure of well-formed practically defect-free corundum grains, with a size of ~ 0.5—3.0 μm, among which grains of ~ 5—10 μm.

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Davis, Briant L., and L. Ronald Johnson. "The Use of Mass Absorption in Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021467.

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The mass absorption coefficient is perhaps the most under-utilized parameter in x-ray diffraction analysis. Mass absorption measurements are often avoided in quantitative analysis by resorting to calibration curves of internal standards (e.g., Kung and Alexander, 1974, Sec. 7-2.1). However, Leroux et al. (1953) and Frevel and Roth (1982) directly utilized the mass absorption coefficient in multicomponent analysis, and suggested a "substrate diffraction" procedure for directly measuring the sample mass absorption coefficient. The reference intensity procedure of quantitative multicomponent analysis originally formulated by Frank Chung (1974) requires no explicit use of the mass absorption coefficient because all reference intensity ratios are determined relative to an "external" standard, generally corundum (Al2O3).

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Chaplianko, S. V., and V. V. Nikichanov. "Deflocculants for refractory castables (review)." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.09.

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Review and analysis of foreign studies aimed at researching the influence of various deflocculants on properties of refractоry castables have been executed. Technological efficiency of deflocculants application had been shown:– ADS/W brands comparison to polyacrylate and sodium threepolyphosphate in alumina-cement-based mixture in terms mass`s humidity reduction of 17 % and 22 % to obtain the required vibration flow (200 mm) and samples` compressive strength increase of 29 % and 56 %; – M-ADS/W brands comparison to ammonium polymethacrylate and sodium hexametaphosphate in low-cement high-alumina castable in terms mass`s vibration flow increase of 5 and 14 %, samples’ compressive strength increase of 23 and 14 % for heat-treated at 110 °C and of 44 and 53 % for fired at 1500 °C; – brand REFPAC MIPORE 20 comparison to Peramin AL200 in low-cement corundum-spinel castable in terms of mass`s vibration flow increase of 5 %, gas permeability increase in 15 times with samples` compressive strength decrease of 30 % and differences in water evaporation temperature, with samples’ size increasing, reduce to 3 °С (against 78 °С); in comparison with sodium threepolyphosphate in medium-cement corundum castable with cement content decrease of 2,5 % — gas permeability increase in 12 times and differences in water evaporation temperature reduce to 4 °С (against 50 °С); in multi-cement corundum castable with cement content decrease of 2,5 % — differences in water evaporation temperature reduce to 10 °C; – brand REFPAC 100 comparison to polycarboxylate esters and sodium threepolyphosphate in terms of differences in flow of “freshly prepared” and “aged” low-cement castables, made using high-purity bauxite and silica fume, reduce to 17 % (against 19 and 41 %); vibration flow of “freshly prepared” and “aged” castables, made using lower quality materials, increase of 98 and 8 %; – brands REFPAC 288:REFPAC 388 at ratio of 50:50 comparison to REFPAC 388 in low-cement corundum-spinel castables at ambient temperature of 5 °C in terms of vibration flow of “freshly prepared” and “aged” masses increase of 4 and 80 % with samples` compressive strength decrease of 7 % after curing and 4 % after drying; at ratio of 75:25 comparison to 62,5:37,5 at 20 °C — terms of vibration flow of “freshly prepared” and “aged” masses increase of 10 and 14 % with samples` compressive strength increase of 16 % after curing and 4 % after drying; – brand REFPAC 500 comparison to Peramin AL 200 and/or Peramin AL 300 in low-cement castables with high-purity materials in terms of time for massive precipitation of calcium aluminate reduce in 10 and 3 times at temperatures of 5 and 20 °С, and also increase in 2 times at 35 °С; – polycarboxylate esters with length side chain and very short side chain in low-cement corundum castable with lower and high-purity silica fume; – brand FS 10 in cement-less corundum castable in terms of CMOR increase of 18 %, but comparison to sodium threepolyphosphate — to its reduction of 10 %.

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Torres Sánchez, Rosa M., A. Boix, and R. C. Mercader. "Grinding Assistance in the Transformation of Gibbsite to Corundum." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 3 (March 2002): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0102.

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After gibbsite was milled for 5 min in a Cr-steel oscillating mill, corundum was obtained by heating the powder for 3 h at 800 °C. We found that iron contamination, produced by the milling process, is essential to attain the transformation at this low temperature and is located at the surface of the gibbsite particles. The knowledge of the oxidation state and location of the contaminant elements, necessary to control the solid-state reactions and/or phase transformations induced by the milling, was realized in this work by a characterization performed by chemical analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and isoelectric point determination. The iron contamination amounted to about 3% (as Fe2O3) for the sample milled for 60 min. That the iron contamination that occurred mainly on the gibbsite amorphous surface was concluded after a comparison of the isoelectric point determination of the milled samples with that of a mechanical mixture of gibbsite and hematite. X-ray diffraction studies showed that gibbsite looses its crystallinity after the first 5 min of milling.

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Kudimova, A. B., and A. V. Nasedkin. "Finite element analysis of the effective properties of corundum-containing piezoceramics with multiscale pores." Computational Continuum Mechanics 13, no. 1 (2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7242/1999-6691/2020.13.1.4.

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Jiang, Bing, Zheng Min Li, Han Zhai, Zhi Wei Chen, Hong Guo, Jin Ye Niu, and Min Tan. "Influencing Factors on the Determination of Corundum Particle Parameters by SEM and Image Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.441.

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Determination of particle size and shape factors of the corundum powders by SEM image analysis has been reported in our preceding work. However, the effect of sample preparation and image processing has not been investigated. In order to obtain appropriate images, samples was well-dispersed by vibrating particles manually up and down, and then thicker Pt coating was well sputter coated on the surface of samples; compared with the magnifications of 100 and 32, magnification of 50 was more reasonable; for distinguishing particles from image background properly, the gray threshold value of 70 was set to transform gray image to binary image; to decrease image noises, three image filters, i.e. Erosion Filter, Dilation Filter and Median Filter were investigated and the last one was the most effective. This method of sample preparation and image processing can be used in regular and irregular particles determination.

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Rinaudo, C., P. Orione, and M. Causà. "Verneuil corundum: an integrated PBC and white beam synchrotron radiation X-ray topography analysis." Journal of Crystal Growth 244, no. 1 (September 2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(02)01586-5.

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Kolomeitsev, V. V. "Analysis of dispersion of finely milled corundum and fused quartz using the conductometric method." Refractories 26, no. 9-10 (September 1985): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01386464.

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SINGH, B. P., H. CHANDRA, R. SHYAM, and A. SINGH. "Analysis of volume expansion data for periclase, lime, corundum and spinel at high temperatures." Bulletin of Materials Science 35, no. 4 (August 2012): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-012-0317-3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Corundum – Analysis'

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