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Journal articles on the topic 'Corynebacterium bovis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Watts, Jeffrey L., and Silvia Rossbach. "Susceptibilities of Corynebacterium bovis and Corynebacterium amylocolatum Isolates from Bovine Mammary Glands to 15 Antimicrobial Agents." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 12 (2000): 3476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.12.3476-3477.2000.

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ABSTRACT Coryneform bacteria are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis and are associated with economic losses. Generally, the MICs of the 15 antimicrobial agents tested at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited for 46 Corynebacterium bovis and 13Corynebacterium amylocolatum strains were low. These are the first quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility data available for coryneforms from bovine mastitis. Data from this study suggest that comparable corynebacteria from humans have a much higher level of antimicrobial resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents.

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2

Fagre, Anna C., Uma Pugazhenthi, Christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves, et al. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Corynebacterium bovis Isolates from Immunodeficient Rodents." Comparative Medicine 71, no. 3 (2021): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-20-000107.

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Corynebacterium bovis, the causative agent of hyperkeratotic dermatitis in immunodeficient mice, is a significant problem in preclinical oncology research. Infection results in lifelong skin colonization and a decrease in successful engraftment of patient-derived xenograft tumor models. The use of antimicrobial agents for C. bovis is controversial in light of reports of poor efficacy and the possibility of selection for resistant strains. The purpose of this study was to describe the antimicrobial susceptibilities of C. bovis isolates obtained exclusively from immunodeficient rodents in order to aid in antimicrobial dose determination. Between 1995 and 2018, 15 isolates were collected from 11 research institutions across the United States. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 24 antimicrobials commonly used against gram-positive bacteria. Our results provide an updated understanding of the susceptibility profiles of rodent C. bovis isolates, indicating little variability between geographically and temporally distant isolates. These results will facilitate appropriate antimicrobial use to prevent and treat C. bovis infections in immunodeficient rodents.

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3

Miedel, Emily L., Natalie H. Ragland, Andrea R. Slate, and Robert W. Engelman. "Persistent Corynebacterium bovis Infectious Hyperkeratotic Dermatitis in Immunocompetent Epidermal-Mutant dep/dep Mice." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 4 (2020): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820922219.

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During a previously reported program-wide Corynebacterium bovis outbreak, both immunocompetent depilated ( dep/dep) mutant mice and transgenic mice that express the papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein became persistently infected with C. bovis. An orthokeratotic, hyperkeratotic, acanthotic dermatitis developed in the C. bovis–infected dep/dep mice, which remained C. bovis PCR-positive for >45 days prior to euthanasia as part of the program-wide C. bovis eradication effort. Since both affected strains of mice have altered skin homeostasis, immune status or the presence of hair may not alone be sufficient to explain strain susceptibility to C. bovis–related cutaneous disease. In order to avoid invalidation of preclinical studies due to C. bovis infection, it may be necessary to isolate immunodeficient mouse strains, implement facililty-wide surveillance for C. bovis, and sterilize equipment with vaporized hydrogen peroxide.

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4

Cheleuitte-Nieves, Christopher, Ryan D. Heselpoth, Lars F. Westblade, Neil S. Lipman, and Vincent A. Fischetti. "Searching for a Bacteriophage Lysin to Treat Corynebacterium bovis in Immunocompromised Mice." Comparative Medicine 70, no. 4 (2020): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000096.

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Corynebacterium bovis is the causative agent of Corynebacterium-associated hyperkeratosis in immunocompromised mice. The resulting skin pathology can be profound and can be associated with severe wasting, making the animals unsuitable for research. Although the administration of antibiotics is effective in resolving clinical symptoms, antibiotics do not eradicate the offending bacterium. Furthermore, antibiotic use may be contraindicated as it can affect tumor growth and is associated with Clostridioides difficile enterotoxemia in highly immunocompromised murine strains. Lysins, which are lytic enzymes obtained from bacteriophages, are novel antimicrobial agents for treating bacterial diseases. The advantage of lysins are its target specificity, with minimal off-target complications that could affect the host or the biology of the engrafted tumor. The aim of this study was to identify lysins active against C. bovis. Chemical activation of latent prophages by using mitomycin C in 3 C. bovis isolates did not cause bacteriophage induction as determined through plaque assays and transmission electron microscopy. As an alternative approach, 8 lysins associated with other bacterial species, including those from the closely related species C. falsenii, were tested for their lytic action against C. bovis but were unsuccessful. These findings were congruent with the previously reported genomic analysis of 21 C. bovis isolates, which failed to reveal bacteriophage sequences by using the PHAST and PHASTER web server tools. From these results, we suggest C. bovis is among those rare bacterial species devoid of lysogenic bacteriophages, thus making the identification of C. bovis-specific lysins more challenging. However, C. bovis may be a useful model organism for studying the effects of antiphage systems.

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5

Pearson, Emily C., Umarani Pugazhenthi, Derek L. Fong, et al. "Metaphylactic Antibiotic Treatment to Prevent the Transmission of Corynebacterium bovis to Immunocompromised Mouse Offspring." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 6 (2020): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000005.

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Current methods for eradicating Corynebacterium bovis, such as depopulation, embryo transfer, and cesarean rederivation followed by cross fostering, are expensive, complex, and time-consuming. We investigated a novel method to produce immunocompromised offspring free of C. bovis from infected NOD. Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wgl/SzJ (NSG) breeding pairs. Adult NSG mice were infected with C. bovis, paired, and randomly assigned to either a no-antibiotic control group (NAB, n = 8) or a group that received amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (0.375 mg/mL) in their drinking water for a mean duration of 7 wk (AB group, n = 7), spanning the time from pairing of breeders to weaning of litters. The AB group also underwent weekly cage changes for 3 wk after pairing to decrease intracage C. bovis contamination, whereas the NAB mice received bi-weekly cage changes. Antibiotics were withdrawn at the time of weaning. All litters (n = 7) in the AB group were culture- and qPCR-negative for C. bovis and remained negative for the duration of the study, whereas all litters in the NAB group (n = 6) remained C. bovis positive. A single adult from each breeding pair was sampled at weaning and at 5 and 10 wk after weaning to confirm the maintenance of (NAB) or to diagnose the reemergence (AB) of C. bovis infection. By the end of the study, C. bovis infection had returned in 3 of the 7 (43%) tested AB adults. Our data suggest that metaphylactic antibiotic use can decrease viable C. bovis organisms from adult breeder mice and protect offspring from infection. However, using antibiotics with frequent cage changing negatively affected breeding performance. Nevertheless, this technique can be used to produce C. bovis-free NSG offspring from infected adults and may be an option for salvaging infected immunocompromised strains of mice that are not easily replaced.

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6

Bexiga, Ricardo, Helena Pereira, Octávio Pereira, et al. "Observed reduction in recovery of Corynebacterium spp. from bovine milk samples by use of a teat cannula." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 1 (2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000609.

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Although Corynebacterium bovis and coagulase-negative staphylococci are frequently the most commonly isolated bacteria from milk samples submitted for identification of pathogens causing intramammary infection, the individual quarter somatic cell count (SCC) from those samples is most often low. The present study aimed at evaluating the difference in bacteriology results from milk sampled by the standard technique (as recommended by the National Mastitis Council) and by the use of a teat cannula surpassing the teat canal, since C. bovis is often only found in the teat canal. Single quarter milk samples were collected in duplicate from 132 dairy cows on a commercial dairy farm using the standard milk sampling technique and also using a cannula introduced into the teat. Two groups of quarters were sampled: a group that was selected randomly at cow and quarter level and a group that was selected based on having SCC >200 000 cells/ml at the previous milk recording at cow level and on California mastitis test result at quarter level. Bacteriological culture performed on the samples yielded 29 Corynebacterium spp. isolates from the samples collected with the standard technique and 6 isolates from the samples collected with a cannula. Bacteriological culture yielded 73 and 100 culture negative samples respectively with the standard and the alternative sampling technique. A significant difference between the two sampling techniques was observed for recovery of Corynebacterium spp. and for no-growth samples. There was no significant difference in the isolation of Corynebacterium spp. or other bacterial species when using the standard technique before or after sampling with the cannula; thus the observed difference in bacteriology results could not be attributed to a particular sampling order. No significant change was observed overall in individual quarter SCC measured on the sampling day and 7 d later. Our results agree with several studies showing that Corynebacterium bovis often colonizes the teat canal, without causing true intramammary infection.

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7

Bregeon, B., H. Aubert, S. Barbarot, M. Lebfevre, and J. F. Stalder. "Infection cutané à Corynebacterium bovis mimant une diphtérie cutanée." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 141, no. 12 (2014): S453—S454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.504.

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8

Aoki, Takanori, Koji Kitazawa, Hideto Deguchi, and Chie Sotozono. "Current Evidence for Corynebacterium on the Ocular Surface." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020254.

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Corynebacterium species are commonly found in the conjunctiva of healthy adults and are recognized as non-pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, however, Corynebacterium species have been reported to be potentially pathogenic in various tissues. We investigated Corynebacterium species on the ocular surface and reviewed various species of Corynebacterium in terms of their antimicrobial susceptibility and the underlying molecular resistance mechanisms. We identified a risk for Corynebacterium-related ocular infections in patients with poor immunity, such as patients with diabetes or long-term users of topical steroids, and in those with corneal epithelial damage due to trauma, contact lens wear, lagophthalmos, and trichiasis. The predominant strain in the conjunctiva was C. macginleyi, and the species associated with keratitis and conjunctivitis were C. macginleyi, C. propinquum, C. mastitidis, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. accolens, C. striatum, C. xerosis, and C. bovis. Overall, Corynebacterium species present on the ocular surface were resistant to quinolones, whereas those in the nasal cavity were more susceptible. The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Corynebacterium has not changed in the past 10 years; however, Corynebacterium species remain susceptible to third-generation cephems. In conclusion, the use of third-generation cephems should be a reasonable and pragmatic approach for treatment of ocular infections caused by Corynebacterium species.

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9

Watts, J. L., D. E. Lowery, J. F. Teel, C. Ditto, J. S. Horng, and S. Rossbach. "Phylogenetic Studies on Corynebacterium bovis Isolated from Bovine Mammary Glands." Journal of Dairy Science 84, no. 11 (2001): 2419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74691-7.

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10

Achermann, Yvonne, Andrej Trampuz, Fabricio Moro, Jürg Wüst, and Markus Vogt. "Corynebacterium bovis shoulder prosthetic joint infection: the first reported case." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 64, no. 2 (2009): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.02.003.

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11

Langoni, Helio, Carolina Polo Camargo da Silva, Marcella Zampoli Troncarelli, et al. "Short communication: Identification of Corynebacterium bovis by MALDI-mass spectrometry." Journal of Dairy Science 100, no. 6 (2017): 4287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11922.

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12

Blagitz, Maiara G., Fernando N. Souza, Camila F. Batista, et al. "Expression of CD14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 by milk neutrophils in bovine mammary glands infected with Corynebacterium bovis." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35, no. 1 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2015000100001.

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This study evaluated the expression of CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 on the surface of milk neutrophils in bovine mammary glands infected with Corynebacterium bovis. Here, we used 23 culture-negative control quarters with no abnormal secretion on the strip cup test and milk somatic cell count lower than 1x105 cells/mL, and 14 C. bovis infected quarters. The identification of neutrophils, as well as, the percentage of neutrophils that expressed CD14, TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The present study encountered no significant difference in the percentages of milk neutrophils that expressed TLR2 and TLR4 or in the expression of TLR4 by milk neutrophils. Conversely, a lower median fluorescence intensity of TLR2 in milk neutrophils was observed in C. bovis-infected quarters. The percentage of neutrophils that expressed CD14 and the median fluorescence intensity of CD14 in milk neutrophils was also lower in C. bovis-infected quarters.

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13

Brune, Iris, Nina Jochmann, Karina Brinkrolf, et al. "The IclR-Type Transcriptional Repressor LtbR Regulates the Expression of Leucine and Tryptophan Biosynthesis Genes in the Amino Acid Producer Corynebacterium glutamicum." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 7 (2007): 2720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01876-06.

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ABSTRACT The transcriptional regulator Cg1486 of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is a member of the IclR protein family and belongs to the conserved set of regulatory proteins in corynebacteria. A defined deletion in the cg1486 gene, now designated ltbR (leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis regulator), led to the mutant strain C. glutamicum IB1486. According to whole-genome expression analysis by DNA microarray hybridizations, transcription of the leuB and leuCD genes encoding enzymes of the leucine biosynthesis pathway was enhanced in C. glutamicum IB1486 compared with the wild-type strain. Moreover, the genes of the trpEGDCFBA operon involved in tryptophan biosynthesis of C. glutamicum showed an enhanced expression in the cg1486 mutant strain. Bioinformatics pattern searches in the upstream regions of the differentially expressed genes revealed the common 12-bp motif CA(T/C)ATAGTG(A/G)GA that is located downstream of the −10 region of the mapped promoter sequences. DNA band shift assays with a streptavidin-tagged LtbR protein demonstrated the specific binding of the purified protein to 40-mers containing the 12-bp motif localized in front of leuB, leuC, and trpE, thereby confirming the direct regulatory role of LtbR in the expression of the leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway genes of C. glutamicum. Genes homologous with ltbR were detected upstream of the leuCD genes in almost all sequenced genomes of bacteria belonging to the taxonomic class Actinobacteria. The ltbR-like genes of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Mycobacterium bovis, and Bifidobacterium longum were cloned and shown to complement the deregulation of leuB, leuCD, and trpE gene expression in C. glutamicum IB1486.

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14

Mettifogo, Elena, Ernst Eckehardt Muller, Julio Cesar de Freitas, Jane Megid, Amauri Alcindo Alfieri, and Vanerli Beloti. "Mastite subclínica bovina por Corynebacterium bovis no norte do Paraná, Brasil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 12, no. 1 (1991): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.1991v12n1p41.

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15

Pankey, J. W., S. C. Nickerson, R. L. Boddie, and J. S. Hogan. "Effects of Corynebacterium bovis Infection on Susceptibility to Major Mastitis Pathogens." Journal of Dairy Science 68, no. 10 (1985): 2684–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)81153-x.

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16

Ngatia, T. A., N. E. Jensen, and B. B. Berg. "Changes in the bovine udder quarters naturally infected by Corynebacterium bovis." British Veterinary Journal 147, no. 5 (1991): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(91)90089-6.

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17

Lücken, Anneke, Nicole Wente, Yanchao Zhang, Svenja Woudstra, and Volker Krömker. "Corynebacteria in Bovine Quarter Milk Samples—Species and Somatic Cell Counts." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070831.

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In this species differentiation study of Corynebacterium spp. (C. spp.), quarter foremilk samples from 48 farms were included. These were obtained from both clinically healthy cows and those with clinical mastitis. First, all samples were examined cyto-microbiologically and all catalase-positive rods were differentiated using the direct transfer method in MALDI-TOF MS. C. bovis, C. amycolatum, C. xerosis, and five other species were identified with proportions of 90.1%, 7.7%, and 0.8% for the named species, respectively, and 1.4% for the remaining unnamed species. In addition, somatic cell count (SCC) was determined by flow cytometry. Based on this, the isolates were classified into four udder health groups: “latent infection”, “subclinical mastitis”, “clinical mastitis” and “others”. Approximately 90% of isolates of C. bovis and C. amycolatum were from latently and subclinically infected quarters. Of the C. bovis isolates, 5.8% were obtained from milk samples from clinical mastitis, whereas C. amycolatum was not present in clinical mastitis. The distribution of groups in these two species differed significantly. The geometric mean SCC of all species combined was 76,000 SCC/mL, almost the same as the SCC of C. bovis. With 50,000 SCC/mL, the SCC of C. amycolatum was slightly below the SCC of C. bovis. Through the species-level detection and consideration of SCC performed here, it is apparent that individual species differ in terms of their pathogenicity. Overall, their classification as minor pathogens with an SCC increase is confirmed.

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18

EGWU, G. O., L. T. ZARIA, and N. L. IMAN. "THE PREVALENCE OF MORAXELLA BOVIS IN CLINICALLY NORMAL CATILE EYES: ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO INFECTIOUS BOVINE KERATO-CONJUNCTIVITIS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 18 (January 12, 2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v18i.1975.

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In a study to determine the prevalence of Moraxella bovis in clinically normal cattles eyes in the Maiduguri area of Nigeria, 35 adult cattle (70 eyes) and 25 calves (50 eyes) were sampled. Three each of the adult and young cattle making a total of 6 (5%) were positive for M.bovis (the aetiological agent of infections bovine Keratoconjunctivitis) out of the 120 eyes sampled. Branhamella catarrhalis, Branhamella mucosa and Escherichia coli were each isolated respectively, from 2 (1.6%) of the 120 samples. The other bacterial species isolated were Bacillus (5:4.2%), Corynebacterium (17; 14.2%), Streptococcus (9; 7.7%) and Staphylococcus (21/17.5%), could be regarded as commensals. The epidemiological implications of finding M. bovis in clinically normal cattle eyes are discussed.

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19

Watts, J. L., D. E. Lowery, J. F. Teel, and S. Rossbach. "Identification of Corynebacterium bovis and other Coryneforms Isolated from Bovine Mammary Glands." Journal of Dairy Science 83, no. 10 (2000): 2373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75126-5.

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20

LeVan, P. L., R. J. Eberhart, and E. M. Kesler. "Effects of Natural Intramammary Corynebacterium bovis Infection on Milk Yield and Composition." Journal of Dairy Science 68, no. 12 (1985): 3329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)81243-1.

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21

Hogan, J. S., J. W. Pankey, and A. H. Duthie. "Growth Responses of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae to Corynebacterium bovis Metabolites." Journal of Dairy Science 70, no. 6 (1987): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80144-3.

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22

Miedel, Emily L., Natalie H. Ragland, and Robert W. Engelman. "Facility-wide Eradication of Corynebacterium bovis by using PCR-validated Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 57, no. 5 (2018): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-17-000135.

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23

García-Crespo, D., J. Navas, G. Gradillas, and R. A. Juste. "Technical Note: Molecular Typing of Corynebacterium bovis Isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 5 (2005): 1705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72842-3.

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24

H., Langoni, Guimarães F.F., Salina A., et al. "Molecular Characterization of Corynebacterium bovis causing Clinical Mastitis and Increasing Somatic-Cell Count." International Journal of Advanced Veterinary Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (2016): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijavst.172.

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25

Hogan, J. S., K. L. Smith, D. A. Todhunter, and P. S. Schoenberger. "Rate of Environmental Mastitis in Quarters Infected with Corynebacterium bovis and Staphylococcus Species." Journal of Dairy Science 71, no. 9 (1988): 2520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(88)79840-9.

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26

Sordillo, L. M., M. Z. Doymaz, S. P. Oliver, and J. T. Dermody. "Leukocytic Infiltration of Bovine Mammary Parenchymal Tissue in Response to Corynebacterium bovis Colonization." Journal of Dairy Science 72, no. 4 (1989): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(89)79200-6.

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27

Dalal, Aman, Carl Urban, Maneesha Ahluwalia, and David Rubin. "Corynebacterium bovis line related septicemia: A case report and review of the literature." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 40, no. 6-7 (2008): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540701772448.

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28

Lopes, Bruna Churocof, Marcela de Pinho Manzi, and Helio Langoni. "Etiologia das mastites." Veterinária e Zootecnia 25, no. 1 (2018): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2018.v25.41.

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A mastite é a principal afecção do gado destinado à produção leiteira, que onera o produtor e a indústria de laticínios. No primeiro caso pela perda quanto a produção, e no segundo pelo menor rendimento industrial dos derivados lácteos. É uma enfermidade multifatorial, de múltipla etiologia, incluindo micro-organismos como bactérias, vírus, fungos, leveduras e algas. Entre os micro-organismos bacterianos ganham destaque os estafilococos coagulasepositivas (SCP) e negativa (SCN), sendo o principal Staphylococcus aureus e várias espécies de SCN, todas caracterizadas como contagiosos, além de Corynebacterium bovis. Com elevada contagiosidade tem-se Mycoplasma spp., com destaque para M. bovis importante patógeno em outros países, entretanto, menos estudado no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a presença de bactérias da classe Mollicutes, em amostras de leite bovino com mastite clinica, a partir de técnicas moleculares. Das 170 amostras de leite avaliadas, procedentes de quatro propriedades leiteiras de pequeno porte da região de Botucatu, não foi possível detectar a presença de Mollicutes.

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29

Huxley, J. N., C. R. Helps, and A. J. Bradley. "Identification of Corynebacterium bovis by Endonuclease Restriction Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene Sequence." Journal of Dairy Science 87, no. 1 (2004): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73139-2.

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30

Blagitz, M. G., F. N. Souza, B. P. Santos, et al. "Function of milk polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes in bovine mammary glands infected with Corynebacterium bovis." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 6 (2013): 3750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6370.

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31

Sbaai, Mohammed, Yassin Ben Lahlou, Mohammed Ghazouani, Abdelhafid Houba, Mohammed Frikh, and Mostafa Elouennass. "Human septicemia caused by Corynebacterium bovis: a case report and review of the literature." Annales de biologie clinique 69, no. 6 (2011): 732–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2011.0644.

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32

Vedder, Alexis, Emily Miedel, Natalie Ragland, et al. "The Opportunistic Pathogen Corynebacterium bovis Augments Leukemia Patient Derived Xenograft Engraftment: A Cautionary Tale." Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 17 (September 2017): S392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clml.2017.07.246.

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33

Bexiga, Ricardo, Mikko T. Koskinen, Jani Holopainen, et al. "Diagnosis of intramammary infection in samples yielding negative results or minor pathogens in conventional bacterial culturing." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 1 (2010): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029910000725.

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Up to half of quarter milk samples submitted for mastitis diagnosis are culture-negative results or lead to identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci or Corynebacterium bovis in conventional culturing, the so-called minor pathogens. The interpretation and usefulness of these results in terms of udder and animal health management is limited, even though the amount of resources spent is relatively high. This work aimed to test two methods of analysis of milk samples with the goal of increasing detection of intramammary pathogens. In the first study, 783 milk samples were processed in duplicate: before and after freezing at −20°C for 24 h, using standard bacteriological techniques. There was a significant difference between the two methods with samples frozen for 24 h yielding significantly fewer Gram-positive catalase-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, Gram-positive bacilli and significantly more samples leading to no growth, than samples before freezing. The number of samples yielding Gram-positive catalase-negative cocci was not significantly affected by freezing. In the second study, a real-time PCR-based test was performed on milk samples with an individual quarter somatic cell count above 500 000 cells/ml that were either negative (n=51 samples) or that led to the isolation of minor pathogens in culturing: Corynebacterium bovis (n=79 samples) or non-aureus staphylococci (NAS, n=32). A mastitis pathogen, beyond the result obtained with standard bacteriology, was detected on 47% of the no-growth samples, on 35% of the samples from which C. bovis had been isolated and on 25% of the samples from which NAS had been isolated. The most commonly detected major pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus uberis, Arcanobacterium pyogenes/Peptoniphilus indolicus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. These results suggest that simply freezing milk samples for 24 h does not increase the detection of intramammary bacteria in milk samples and therefore should not be recommended. However, use of the real-time PCR-based test may be useful in diagnosing intramammary infections when milk samples with high somatic cell counts are culture-negative or when culturing results in the detection of minor pathogens.

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Oliver, S. P., and V. K. Juneja. "Growth of Corynebacterium bovis in Mammary Secretions During Physiological Transitions of the Bovine Mammary Gland." Journal of Dairy Science 73, no. 2 (1990): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78680-8.

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Schroder, J., A. Glaub, J. Schneider, E. Trost, and A. Tauch. "Draft Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium bovis DSM 20582, Which Causes Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows." Journal of Bacteriology 194, no. 16 (2012): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00839-12.

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Picoli, Tony, João Luiz Zani, Bárbara Ponzilacqua, Maria Edi Rocha Ribeiro, and Geferson Fischer. "TAXA DE NOVAS INFECÇÕES INTRAMAMÁRIAS EM VACAS LEITEIRAS, LIGADAS À PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIOMÉTRICA." Science And Animal Health 1, no. 1 (2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/sah.v1i1.2116.

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A melhoria na qualidade do leite vem sendo uma cobrança constante da sociedade e é determinada fundamentalmente pela forma como este é produzido. A qualidade microbiologia do leite é o fator mais preocupante à saúde pública e vários fatores podem influenciar nesta qualidade, sendo o principal deles o surgimento de mastites, que pode estar relacionado com condições ambientais como as chuvas. Este trabalho objetivou relacionar a taxa de novas infecções intramamárias com os índices de precipitação pluviométrica. Para tanto, foram coletadas 1917 amostras de leite para análise microbiológica e contagem de células somáticas (CCS) que foram relacionadas com o período de chuvas. Os agentes mais isolados foram Corynebacterium bovis, Staphylococcus sp. e Streptococcus sp. Entre os meses de maio-junho houveram novas infecções por C. bovis, Staphylococcus sp. e Streptococcus sp., respectivamente: 64, 20, 01 e precipitação pluviométrica de 54mm. Entre junho-julho: 43, 36, 05 e 49,8mm. Julho-agosto: 76, 42, 05 e 135mm. Agosto-setembro: 47, 18, 02 e 13,2mm. As correlações entre taxa de novas infecções e índice de chuvas foram as seguintes: C. bovis (+0,84), Staphylococcus sp. (+0,81) e Streptococcus sp. (+0,58). No período onde as precipitações pluviométricas foram maiores, as taxas de novas infecções também se elevaram. A CCS das amostras tiveram seus valores aumentados quando os números de novas infecções aumentaram. Com esses resultados, conclui-se que a precipitação pluviométrica interfere de forma negativa na produção leiteira, aumentando o número de novas infecções intramamárias.

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Andrade-Becerra, Roy José, Zonia Elizabeth Caro-Carvajal, Martín Orlando Pulido-Medellín, José Luis Porras-Vargas, and Julio César Vargas-Abella. "Prevalencia de bacterias causantes de mastitis en fincas lecheras de Toca (Boyacá, Colombia)." CIENCIA Y AGRICULTURA 11, no. 1 (2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.3487.

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<p>El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo aislar las diferentes bacterias causantes de mastitis subclínica, de cuartos positivos a CMT (2+) o mayores a 300,000 cel/mL de vacas procedentes de fincas lecheras del municipio de Toca (Boyacá). Mediante un muestreo probabilístico de conveniencia y por medio de un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo durante el año 2013, se estudiaron 130 fincas especializadas en la producción de leche con promedios de 20 animales en lactancia por finca, ubicadas entre los 2300 y los 2800 msnm, con temperaturas anuales promedios de 13 °C y pluviosidades entre 800 y 1200 mm/año. Durante el año de estudio se encontró un 3.14% de cuartos positivos al CMT con grados superiores a 2 +. Streptococcus agalactiae se aisló en el 9,73%, y se convirtió en el principal patógeno aislado. Staphylococcus aureus fue aislado, en promedio, en el 6,00%. Corynebacterium bovis se aisló en el 0,30% de los casos. E. coli no se aisló. Mycoplasma bovis no se encontró en ninguna muestra. M. californicum se recuperó en el 0,50%. Levaduras, en el 0,20%, y Acholeplasma spp. se aisló en el 0,40%.</p>

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Mitchell, Kaitlin, Erin McElvania, Meghan Wallace, Amy Robertson, Lars Westblade, and Carey-Ann Burnham. "Rapid Emergence of Daptomycin Resistance in Nonstriatum Corynebacterium Species: A Multicenter Study." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, Supplement_1 (2019): S32—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz112.062.

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Abstract Members of the genus Corynebacterium are increasingly recognized as causes of opportunistic infection; some species can be multidrug resistant, posing a treatment challenge. Daptomycin is frequently used as therapy of last resort in this setting, but previous work from our group demonstrated the ability of C striatum clinical isolates to rapidly develop high-level resistance to daptomycin, both in vivo and in vitro. Here, our objective was to expand this investigation into a multicenter study evaluating multiple Corynebacterium species. Corynebacterium strains from three tertiary-care academic medical centers (total, n = 76; site 1, n = 44; site 2, n = 15; site 3, n = 17) were evaluated, representing 16 species. Isolates were identified during routine clinical testing and reported to species level in accordance with each laboratory’s standard operating procedures. Identification of each species was confirmed using both VITEK MS and Bruker BioTyper MALDI-TOF MS. MICs to daptomycin (Etest), vancomycin (Etest), and telavancin (Liofilchem) at baseline were determined using gradient diffusion methods on Mueller-Hinton agar with blood (Hardy Diagnostics). Each isolate was then inoculated in duplicate to 5 mL Tryptic Soy Broth. A daptomycin Etest was submerged in one tube from each pair, and growth was observed after 24-hour incubation. If turbidity was observed in the tube with daptomycin, MICs for each of the 3 antimicrobials were reassessed. High-level daptomycin resistance emerged in 24 strains: C aurimucosum (1/1 isolate tested), C bovis (1/2), C jeikeium (2/11), C macginleyi (3/3), C resistens (1/1), C simulans (1/1), C striatum (14/14 isolates), and C ulcerans (1/1). The majority of these isolates had MIC values >256 µg/mL following exposure to daptomycin. Forty-eight other isolates remained susceptible to daptomycin: C afermentans (1/1), C amycolatum (19/20), C diphtheriae (1/1), C jeikeium (7/11), C kroppenstedtii (2/2), C propinquum (3/3), C pseudodiphtheriticum (6/6), C tuberculostearicum (0/6), and C urealyticum (0/3). Many of these isolates did not undergo MIC testing postdaptomycin exposure in broth due to complete lack of growth. Among those that did (n = 19), the median daptomycin MIC was 0.38 µg/mL (mean 0.42 µg/mL; range 0.023-1.0 µg/mL). One isolate of C bovis and two isolates of C jeikeium yielded variable susceptibility to daptomycin; a subset of resistant colonies grew adjacent to the gradient diffusion strip. Upon isolation and further MIC testing, these colonies maintained high-level resistance. In addition, one isolate of C amycolatum exhibited high-level daptomycin resistance (MIC >256 µg/mL) prior to in vitro exposure. All isolates in the cohort were susceptible to vancomycin and telavancin, both before and after daptomycin exposure. Our findings suggest that multiple Corynebacterium species can rapidly develop high-level daptomycin resistance after a short period of exposure to this antimicrobial. This finding has important clinical implications, especially in the treatment of invasive infections or infections of indwelling medical devices.

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Vedder, Alexis R., Emily L. Miedel, Natalie H. Ragland, et al. "Effects of Corynebacterium bovis on Engraftment of Patient-derived Chronic-Myelomonocytic Leukemia Cells in NSGS Mice." Comparative Medicine 69, no. 4 (2019): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000138.

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Dutly, Fabrizio, Moritz Grubemann, and Daniel Goldenberger. "Eye infection in a young patient caused by Corynebacterium bovis: Microbiological methods and 16S rRNA sequencing." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 26, no. 1 (2004): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(04)90001-3.

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Cheleuitte-Nieves, Christopher, Christopher A. Gulvik, John R. McQuiston, et al. "Genotypic differences between strains of the opportunistic pathogen Corynebacterium bovis isolated from humans, cows, and rodents." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12 (2018): e0209231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209231.

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42

Laffranchi, Alessandra, Ernst Eckehardt Müller, Julio Cesar de Freitas, Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano, Juliana Alves Dias, and Rogério Salvador. "Etiologia das infecções intramamárias em vacas primíparas ao longo dos primeiros quatro meses de lactação." Ciência Rural 31, no. 6 (2001): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782001000600018.

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De 88 vacas primíparas, oriundas de quatro rebanhos leiteiros, foram colhidas 1985 amostras de leite, ao longo dos 120 dias pós-parto, das quais 457 (23,02%) apresentaram resultados microbiológicos positivos. Os estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN) foram isolados em 316 (69,14%) amostras, Corynebacterium bovis em 56 (12,25%), estreptococos em 41 (8,97%) e estafilococos coagulase positivos (ECP) em 38 (8,31%). Mastite clínica foi detectada em nove (10,23%) vacas. No primeiro dia pós-parto, 57 (64,77%) animais e 114 (32,66%) quartos apresentaram exames bacteriológicos positivos. Até o décimo quarto dia, ocorreu um decréscimo acentuado no número de vacas e quartos infectados, que posteriormente tendeu a estabilizar. Os ECN foram as bactérias mais isoladas ao longo de todo experimento, enquanto o número de estreptococos decresceu acentuadamente nas duas primeiras semanas pós-parto. As infecções por C. bovis aumentaram progressivamente a partir do parto. Entre os ECN, predominaram o S. hyicus e o S. intermedius e, nos estreptococos, os do grupo C e D. A contagem média de células somáticas (CCS), nos quartos infectados, foi de 508,914/m<img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">, enquanto que, nos quartos negativos, foi de 73,942/m<img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">.

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Honkanen-Buzalski, T., J. C. Anderson, and A. J. Bramley. "The virulence of strains of Corynebacterium bovis in the mammary gland of the mouse and the effect of corynebacterial mastitis on subsequent infection with Staphylococcus aureus." British Veterinary Journal 141, no. 5 (1985): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(85)90048-x.

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Benesi, F. J., S. R. Pinheiro, P. C. Maiorka, et al. "RELATO DE CASO: TUBERCULOSE EM CAPRINO (CAPRA HIRCUS)." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 75, no. 2 (2008): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v75p2172008.

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RESUMO Uma cabra da raça Saanem, com 3 anos, foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo, com doença respiratória não responsiva a antibioticoterapia convencional. O animal apresentava perda de peso, aumento de linfonodo submandibular esquerdo e sintomas de broncopneumonia. Tendo sido considerado positivo no teste cervical comparativo foi sacrificado e à necropsia foram observadas lesões sugestivas de tuberculose nos linfonodos submandibulares e mesentéricos, pulmão e baço. Nos exames laboratoriais houve crescimento, aos 32 dias, de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (BAAR), no meio de cultura de Stonebrink, e a estirpe isolada foi identificada no PCR como sendo Mycobacterium bovis. A pesquisa de Corynebacterium sp. foi negativa. Na histopatologia, as lesões examinadas apresentavam características dos granulomas típicos. Usandose coloração para BAAR foi possível observação de bacilos no centro de um granuloma, sugestivo de Mycobacterium spp. Casos de tuberculose em caprinos têm sido considerados raros no Brasil.

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Baratov, M. O., Z. M. Dzhambulatov, O. P. Sakidibirov, B. M. S. Gadzhiyev, G. A. Dzhabarova, and R. M. Abduragimova. "Assessment of methods of purification of corynebacterium allergen with definition of concentration and its experimental application." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 3 (2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-111-117.

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Aim: Search for an effective method for obtaining bacterial protein and determining the optimal concentration for identification of specific types. Material and Methods. Using the example of a C. xerosis N 1911 reference strain grown on a nutrient medium improved by us, methods were investigated of protein precipitation with sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, trichloroacetic acid and polyethylene glycol. The threshold sensitivity of the allergen in six different cultures was determined in tests on 24 guinea pigs infected with corynebaсteria. Biological activity was studied in cultures from 36 guinea pigs infected with M. BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine), M. avium, C. xerosis N 1911, C. ulcerans N 675 and C. bovis, as well as 3 rabbits infected with Corynebacterium xerosis. Results. Comparative testing of five protein precipitation methods was carried out. When using ammonium sulphate as a precipitant relatively high results were obtained at a salt concentration of 30% and a pH of at least 5.8. More significant protein precipitation occurred at the isoelectric point of sodium chloride at pH 3.9. It was noted that trichloroacetic acid and sodium hexametaphosphate had insignificant precipitating properties while there was none with polyethylene glycol. The threshold sensitivity (0.00005 mg in 0.1 ml) and allergen unit of action (0.0003 mg) were established. Intensity of skin reaction to sensitin homologous to infection was detected. Conclusions. The data obtained revealed the optimal method of protein precipitation, the unit of action of the corynebacterium allergens, and expanded the understanding of the mechanisms of the sensitization of the macro‐organism to tuberculin.

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Fischer, Carol L., David R. Drake, Deborah V. Dawson, Derek R. Blanchette, Kim A. Brogden, and Philip W. Wertz. "Antibacterial Activity of Sphingoid Bases and Fatty Acids against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 3 (2011): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05151-11.

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ABSTRACTThere is growing evidence that the role of lipids in innate immunity is more important than previously realized. How lipids interact with bacteria to achieve a level of protection, however, is still poorly understood. To begin to address the mechanisms of antibacterial activity, we determined MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of lipids common to the skin and oral cavity—the sphingoid basesd-sphingosine, phytosphingosine, and dihydrosphingosine and the fatty acids sapienic acid and lauric acid—against four Gram-negative bacteria and seven Gram-positive bacteria. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests of these values showed differences among lipid treatments (P< 0.0001) for each bacterial species exceptSerratia marcescensandPseudomonas aeruginosa.d-Sphingosine (MBC range, 0.3 to 19.6 μg/ml), dihydrosphingosine (MBC range, 0.6 to 39.1 μg/ml), and phytosphingosine (MBC range, 3.3 to 62.5 μg/ml) were active against all bacteria exceptS. marcescensandP. aeruginosa(MBC > 500 μg/ml). Sapienic acid (MBC range, 31.3 to 375.0 μg/ml) was active againstStreptococcus sanguinis,Streptococcus mitis, andFusobacterium nucleatumbut not active againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,S. marcescens,P. aeruginosa,Corynebacterium bovis,Corynebacterium striatum, andCorynebacterium jeikeium(MBC > 500 μg/ml). Lauric acid (MBC range, 6.8 to 375.0 μg/ml) was active against all bacteria exceptE. coli,S. marcescens, andP. aeruginosa(MBC > 500 μg/ml). Complete killing was achieved as early as 0.5 h for some lipids but took as long as 24 h for others. Hence, sphingoid bases and fatty acids have different antibacterial activities and may have potential for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention in infection.

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Zuber, Benoît, Mohamed Chami, Christine Houssin, Jacques Dubochet, Gareth Griffiths, and Mamadou Daffé. "Direct Visualization of the Outer Membrane of Mycobacteria and Corynebacteria in Their Native State." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 16 (2008): 5672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01919-07.

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ABSTRACT The cell envelope of mycobacteria, which include the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, is crucial for their success as pathogens. Despite a continued strong emphasis on identifying the multiple chemical components of this envelope, it has proven difficult to combine its components into a comprehensive structural model, primarily because the available ultrastructural data rely on conventional electron microscopy embedding and sectioning, which are known to induce artifacts. The existence of an outer membrane bilayer has long been postulated but has never been directly observed by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Here we have used cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections (CEMOVIS) to perform a detailed ultrastructural analysis of three species belonging to the Corynebacterineae suborder, namely, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum, in their native state. We provide new information that accurately describes the different layers of the mycobacterial cell envelope and challenges current models of the organization of its components. We show a direct visualization of an outer membrane, analogous to that found in gram-negative bacteria, in the three bacterial species examined. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mycolic acids, the hallmark of mycobacteria and related genera, are essential for the formation of this outer membrane. In addition, a granular layer and a low-density zone typifying the periplasmic space of gram-positive bacteria are apparent in CEMOVIS images of mycobacteria and corynebacteria. Based on our observations, a model of the organization of the lipids in the outer membrane is proposed. The architecture we describe should serve as a reference for future studies to relate the structure of the mycobacterial cell envelope to its function.

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Scanziani, E., A. Gobbi, L. Crippa, et al. "Hyperkeratosis-associated coryneform infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice." Laboratory Animals 32, no. 3 (1998): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367798780559239.

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Hyperkeratosis-associated coryneform (HAC) is a coryneform bacterium, with a biochemical profile similar to Corynebacterium bovis, that causes hyperkeratotic dermatitis in athymic nude mice. In the present study 28 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice coming from six different animal facilities were submitted for bacteriological and pathological examination. HAC was isolated from 10 SCID mice belonging to two of these facilities. Two of the HAC-infected mice showed macroscopical lesions consisting in large alopecic areas, with small white flakes, involving the dorsum, flanks, neck and cheeks. Histologically, the skin of these animals was characterized by diffuse acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. In the other eight HAC-infected SCID mice no macroscopical lesions were observed but focal areas of minimal to mild acanthosis were histologically detected in five cases. These results suggest that HAC can infect SCID mice inducing skin lesions similar, although generally less severe, to those observed in nude mice with hyperkeratotic dermatitis. Our results pointed out that SCID mice may play an important role in the epidemiology of hyperkeratotic dermatitis of athymic nude mice.

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Matos, Ana C., Ana P. Dias, Márcia Morais, et al. "Granuloma Coinfection with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Five Hunted Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 51, no. 3 (2015): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2014-09-240.

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Anderson, J. C., T. Honkanen-Buzalski, and A. J. Bramley. "The pathogenesis of a high-virulence and a low-virulence strain of Corynebacterium bovis in the mammary gland of the mouse." Journal of Comparative Pathology 95, no. 2 (1985): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(85)90009-x.

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