Journal articles: 'Corynebacterium species'

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Mangutov, E. O., Galina Georgievna Kharseeva, and E. L. Alutina. "Corynebacterium spp. – problematic pathogens of the human respiratory tract (review of literature)." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 66, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-8-502-508.

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Corynebacterium spp. - representatives of the normal microflora of the human body, but their role in the development of diseases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients is known. Corynebacterim spp. (C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. accolens, C. argentoratense, etc.) is associated with diseases of the respiratory tract: tracheitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis, etc. They can be transmitted by airborne droplets, household contact, and possibly by hematogenic pathways. Corynebacterim spp. toxins do not produce, but are capable of adhesion and invasion, biofilm formation, production of neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, and hemolysin. It is necessary to take into account not so much the species, but the strain affiliation of isolates of Corynebacterium spp., since among the representatives of one species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria (for example, C. pseudodiphtheriticum), colonizing the respiratory tract, there may be strains that can exhibit not only pathogenic properties, but also probiotic activity. Microbiological diagnostics is based on their quantitative determination in biological material, phenotypic (culture study, test systems for biochemical identification, Vitek 2 automated systems) and genotypic (16SpRNA gene sequencing and rpoB) methods. It is possible to use mass spectrometric analysis (MALDI-ToF-MS). The greatest activity against Corynebacterium spp. in vitro studies preserve vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Successful therapy with at least two of the following antimicrobial agents (AMP) has been reported: vancomycin, rifampicin, linezolid, and daptomycin. The sensitivity of isolates of Corynebacterium spp. to AMP is not related to the species, but is due to strain differences, and therefore it is necessary to test each isolated strain. Continuous monitoring of the sensitivity of Corynebacterium spp. strains to AMP is necessary due to the observed variability of these traits. Of particular importance is the identification of multidrug-resistant isolates that are currently considered highly pathogenic. When compiling the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.

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McWilliams, Toya S., Ernest C. Hammond, and Marlene B. Luzarraga. "Observation of corynebacterium species using Scanning Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 794–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100149805.

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Bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium are considered part of the bacterial flora of skin and mucosa. Even C. diphtheriae, a long recognized pathogen, may be isolated from the throat of healthy individuals. Recent evidence indicates that other Corynebacteria are associated with opportunistic conjunctival infections in aging laboratory mice.Our goal of using scanning electron microscopy was to expand previous studies and to observe the association of the bacteria with the conjunctival surface of aged mice. To accomplish this, we needed a point of reference for identification of the corynebacteria which were frequently present in the company of other bacteria. We studied cultures of known corynebacteria of ocular origin during the exponential growth phase. These cultures contained pleomorphic cells that were round, ovoid and rod shaped, clustered together and surrounded by a biofilm. Several of the cylindrical rods appeared as V-shaped pairs, classic features of the genus Corynebacterium. The V-shape arrangement is accomplished by a snapping postfission movement.

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Feurer, Carole, Dominique Clermont, François Bimet, Adina Candréa, Mary Jackson, Philippe Glaser, Chantal Bizet, and Catherine Dauga. "Taxonomic characterization of nine strains isolated from clinical and environmental specimens, and proposal of Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02907-0.

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Nine unidentified Gram-positive, lipophilic corynebacteria were isolated from clinical and food samples and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The bacteria were distinguished from Corynebacterium species with validly published names by biochemical tests, fatty acid content and whole-cell protein analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated unambiguously that the nine strains were related phylogenetically to the species ‘Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum’ and represented a distinct subline within the genus Corynebacterium. On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, the formal description of Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of C. tuberculostearicum is Medalle XT (=LDC-20T=CIP 107291T=CCUG 45418T=ATCC 35529T).

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Burkovski, Andreas. "Cell Envelope of Corynebacteria: Structure and Influence on Pathogenicity." ISRN Microbiology 2013 (January 21, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/935736.

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To date the genus Corynebacterium comprises 88 species. More than half of these are connected to human and animal infections, with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also the type species of the genus. Corynebacterium species are characterized by a complex cell wall architecture: the plasma membrane of these bacteria is followed by a peptidoglycan layer, which itself is covalently linked to a polymer of arabinogalactan. Bound to this, an outer layer of mycolic acids is found which is functionally equivalent to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. As final layer, free polysaccharides, glycolipids, and proteins are found. The composition of the different substructures of the corynebacterial cell envelope and their influence on pathogenicity are discussed in this paper.

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Hommez, Jozef, Luc A. Devriese, Mario Vaneechoutte, Philippe Riegel, Patrick Butaye, and Freddy Haesebrouck. "Identification of Nonlipophilic Corynebacteria Isolated from Dairy Cows with Mastitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 4 (1999): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.4.954-957.1999.

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Nonlipophilic corynebacteria associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows were found to belong to four species: Corynebacterium amycolatum, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, andCorynebacterium minutissimum. These species may easily be confused. However, clear-cut differences between C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis were found in their acid production from maltotriose and ethylene glycol, susceptibility to vibriostatic agent O129, and alkaline phosphatase. Absence of growth at 20°C and lack of α-glucosidase and 4MU-α-d-glycoside hydrolysis activity differentiatedC. amycolatum from C. pseudotuberculosis andC. ulcerans. The mastitis C. pseudotuberculosisstrains differed from the biovar equi and ovis reference strains and from caprine field strains in their colony morphologies and in their reduced inhibitory activity on staphylococcal β-hemolysin.C. amycolatum was the most frequently isolated nonlipophilic corynebacterium.

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Balci, I., F. Ekşi, and A. Bayram. "Coryneform Bacteria Isolated from Blood Cultures and Their Antibiotic Susceptibilities." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 4 (August 2002): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000409.

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We aimed to determine the types of corynebacteria isolated from the blood of patients at Gaziantep University Hospital, Turkey, and their antibiotic susceptibilities. Between February 1999 and June 2001, 3530 blood samples were cultured, of which 915 were found to be positive, and these were further investigated in the bacteriology laboratory. Among positive blood cultures, coryneform bacteria were identified in 31 (3.4%) isolates. Of these, 16 (51.6%) were Corynebacterium jeikeium, six (19.4%) were Corynebacterium striatum, four (12.9%) were Corynebacterium amycolatum, two (6.5%) were Cellulomonas species, two (6.5%) were Corynebacterium afermentans and one isolate (3.2%) was Corynebacterium propinquum. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that C. jeikeium was resistant to various antibiotics, whereas all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. This study illustrates the importance of taking coryneform bacteria into consideration when culturing blood samples. The need to identify the species and determine its antibiotic sensitivity is emphasized.

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Kharseeva, G. G., and N. A. Voronina. "PATHOGENICITY FACTORS OF CORYNEBACTERIUM NON DIPHTHERIAE." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology, no. 3 (June 28, 2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-3-97-104.

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Pathogenicity factors of Corynebacterium non diphtheriae - pili, microcapsule, cell wall, pathogenicity enzymes, toxins, that determine the ability of microorganisms to consequentially interact with epithelium of entry gates of the organism, replicate in vivo, overcome cell and humoral mechanisms of protection, are examined in the review. Particular attention in the paper is given to species of non-diphtheria corynebacteria, that are pathogenic for human and able to produce toxins - Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Mechanisms of expression regulation of PLD-exotoxins, its interaction with immune system cells are described.

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Tauch, Andreas, Olaf Kaiser, Torsten Hain, Alexander Goesmann, Bernd Weisshaar, Andreas Albersmeier, Thomas Bekel, et al. "Complete Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Multiresistant Nosocomial Pathogen Corynebacterium jeikeium K411, a Lipid-Requiring Bacterium of the Human Skin Flora." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 13 (July 1, 2005): 4671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.13.4671-4682.2005.

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ABSTRACT Corynebacterium jeikeium is a “lipophilic” and multidrug-resistant bacterial species of the human skin flora that has been recognized with increasing frequency as a serious nosocomial pathogen. Here we report the genome sequence of the clinical isolate C. jeikeium K411, which was initially recovered from the axilla of a bone marrow transplant patient. The genome of C. jeikeium K411 consists of a circular chromosome of 2,462,499 bp and the 14,323-bp bacteriocin-producing plasmid pKW4. The chromosome of C. jeikeium K411 contains 2,104 predicted coding sequences, 52% of which were considered to be orthologous with genes in the Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium efficiens, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae genomes. These genes apparently represent the chromosomal backbone that is conserved between the four corynebacteria. Among the genes that lack an ortholog in the known corynebacterial genomes, many are located close to transposable elements or revealed an atypical G+C content, indicating that horizontal gene transfer played an important role in the acquisition of genes involved in iron and manganese homeostasis, in multidrug resistance, in bacterium-host interaction, and in virulence. Metabolic analyses of the genome sequence indicated that the “lipophilic” phenotype of C. jeikeium most likely originates from the absence of fatty acid synthase and thus represents a fatty acid auxotrophy. Accordingly, both the complete gene repertoire and the deduced lifestyle of C. jeikeium K411 largely reflect the strict dependence of growth on the presence of exogenous fatty acids. The predicted virulence factors of C. jeikeium K411 are apparently involved in ensuring the availability of exogenous fatty acids by damaging the host tissue.

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Marosevic, Durdica V., Anja Berger, Gunnar Kahlmeter, Sarah Katharina Payer, Stefan Hörmansdorfer, and Andreas Sing. "Antimicrobial susceptibility of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans in Germany 2011–17." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 2885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa280.

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Abstract Background Diphtheria is mainly caused by diphtheria-toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans. The recommended first-line antibiotic is penicillin or erythromycin, but reliable susceptibility data are scarce. Objectives To define WT MIC distributions of 12 antimicrobial agents and provide data for the determination of tentative epidemiological cut-off values (TECOFFs) for potentially toxigenic corynebacteria and to evaluate the potential usefulness of a gradient test (Etest) for susceptibility testing of penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Methods For the 421 human or veterinary isolates from the period 2011–17, MICs of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined. Etest performance was evaluated for penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Results MIC distributions were characterized and TECOFFs could be set for 11 out of 24 antibiotic/species combinations. The current EUCAST clinical breakpoints, predominantly determined for Corynebacterium species other than C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, divide the WT MIC distributions of penicillin and clindamycin, thereby making reproducible susceptibility testing of C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans difficult. For erythromycin, 4% of C. diphtheriae and 2% of C. ulcerans had MICs higher than those for WT isolates. Phenotypically detectable resistance to other antibiotics was rare. Etest underestimated MICs of penicillin and lower concentrations needed to be included for erythromycin, while for clindamycin the Etest was not a good surrogate method. Conclusions MIC distributions based on reference broth microdilution for potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. were developed. For five and six agents, TECOFFs were suggested for C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, respectively, but for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis the number of isolates was too low.

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Schiffl, Helmut, Claudia Mücke, and Susanne M. Lang. "Exit-site Infections by Non-diphtheria Corynebacteria in Capd." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 24, no. 5 (September 2004): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080402400510.

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Non-diphtheria corynebacteria species cause disease in risk populations such as immunocompromised patients and patients with indwelling medical devices. Despite reports of exit-site infection and peritonitis caused by non-diphtheria corynebacteria, these organisms are frequently dismissed as contaminants. During a 10-year observation period, we prospectively identified 8 cases of exit-site/tunnel infections caused by 2 different species of corynebacteria ( Corynebacterium striatum in 5 and C. jeikeium in 3 cases). Four patients experienced a second episode of exit-site infection 3 months (2 cases), 25 months, and 40 months, respectively, after termination of an oral cephalosporin therapy of 4 to 6 weeks’ duration. Non-diphtheria corynebacteria accounted for 9% of all exit-site infections during the study period. All catheter-related infections healed; no catheter had to be removed. The diagnosis of catheter-related non-diphtheria corynebacteria infection may be suspected when Gram stain shows gram-positive rods and with colony morphology and commercial biochemical identification systems. Susceptibility of non-diphtheria corynebacteria to antibiotics may vary, especially in C. jeikeium. Virtually all Corynebacterium species are sensitive to vancomycin. Empirical antibiotic therapy with vancomycin should be initiated while antibiotic susceptibility testing is being carried out. Oral cephalosporin may be an alternative treatment regimen for exit-site infections if sensitive. This study highlights the importance of non-diphtheria corynebacteria as emerging nosocomial pathogens in the population of end-stage renal disease patients on on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

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Riegel, P., P. A. D. Grimont, D. De Briel, E. Ageron, F. Jehl, M. Pelegrin, H. Monteil, and R. Minck. "Corynebacterium group D2 (“Corynebacterium urealyticum”) constitutes a new genomic species." Research in Microbiology 143, no. 3 (January 1992): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(92)90022-g.

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Hünten, Peter, Bettina Schiffler, Friedrich Lottspeich, and Roland Benz. "PorH, a new channel-forming protein present in the cell wall of Corynebacterium efficiens and Corynebacterium callunae." Microbiology 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27903-0.

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Corynebacterium callunae and Corynebacterium efficiens are close relatives of the glutamate-producing mycolata species Corynebacterium glutamicum. The properties of the pore-forming proteins, extracted by organic solvents, were studied. The cell extracts contained channel-forming proteins that formed ion-permeable channels with a single-channel conductance of about 2 to 3 nS in 1 M KCl in a lipid bilayer assay. The corresponding proteins from both corynebacteria were purified to homogeneity and were named PorHC.call and PorHC.eff. Electrophysiological studies of the channels suggested that they are wide and water-filled. Channels formed by PorHC.call are cation-selective, whereas PorHC.eff forms slightly anion-selective channels. Both proteins were partially sequenced. A multiple sequence alignment search within the known chromosome of C. efficiens demonstrated that it contains a gene that fits the partial amino acid sequence of PorHC.eff. PorHC.call shows high homology to PorHC.eff. PorHC.eff is encoded in the bacterial chromosome by a gene that is localized within the vicinity of the porA gene of C. efficiens. PorHC.eff has no signal sequence at the N terminus, which means that it is not exported by the Sec-secretion pathway. The structure of PorH in the cell wall of the corynebacteria is discussed.

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Aoki, Takanori, Koji Kitazawa, Hideto Deguchi, and Chie Sotozono. "Current Evidence for Corynebacterium on the Ocular Surface." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020254.

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Corynebacterium species are commonly found in the conjunctiva of healthy adults and are recognized as non-pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, however, Corynebacterium species have been reported to be potentially pathogenic in various tissues. We investigated Corynebacterium species on the ocular surface and reviewed various species of Corynebacterium in terms of their antimicrobial susceptibility and the underlying molecular resistance mechanisms. We identified a risk for Corynebacterium-related ocular infections in patients with poor immunity, such as patients with diabetes or long-term users of topical steroids, and in those with corneal epithelial damage due to trauma, contact lens wear, lagophthalmos, and trichiasis. The predominant strain in the conjunctiva was C. macginleyi, and the species associated with keratitis and conjunctivitis were C. macginleyi, C. propinquum, C. mastitidis, C. pseudodiphtheriticum, C. accolens, C. striatum, C. xerosis, and C. bovis. Overall, Corynebacterium species present on the ocular surface were resistant to quinolones, whereas those in the nasal cavity were more susceptible. The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Corynebacterium has not changed in the past 10 years; however, Corynebacterium species remain susceptible to third-generation cephems. In conclusion, the use of third-generation cephems should be a reasonable and pragmatic approach for treatment of ocular infections caused by Corynebacterium species.

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Baumbach, Jan, Karina Brinkrolf, Tobias Wittkop, Andreas Tauch, and Sven Rahmann. "CoryneRegNet 2: An Integrative Bioinformatics Approach for Reconstruction and Comparison of Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Prokaryotes." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2006-24.

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SummaryCoryneRegNet is an ontology-based data warehouse of corynebacterial transcription factors and regulatory networks. Initially, it was designed to provide methods for the analysis and visualization of the gene regulatory network of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Now we integrated the genomes and transcriptional interactions of three other corynebacteria, C. diphtheriae, C. efficiens, and C. jeikeium into CoryneRegNet; providing comparative analysis and visualization with GraphVis. We also integrated the high-performance PSSM search tool PoSSuM search to detect potential transcription factor binding sites within and across species. As an application, we reconstruct in silico the regulatory network of the iron metabolism regulator DtxR in the four corynebacteria.CoryneRegNet is freely accessible at https://www.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/groups/gi/software/coryneregnet/. The final slash (/) is mandatory. In order to use the GraphVis feature, Java (at least version 1.4.2) is required.

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Dragomirescu, Cristiana Cerasella, Brandusa Elena Lixandru, Ileana Luminita Coldea, Olguta Nicoleta Corneli, Marina Pana, Andi Marian Palade, Violeta Corina Cristea, et al. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Corynebacterium Species Isolated from Clinical Samples in Romania." Antibiotics 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010031.

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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health issues. Besides classical multidrug resistance species associated with medical care involved in superficial or invasive infections, there are strains less commonly associated with hospital or outpatient setting’s infections. Non-diphtheria Corynebacterium spp. could produce infections in patients with or without immune-compromised status. The aim of our study was to determine the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to Corynebacterium spp. from clinical samples collected from Romanian hospitalized individuals and outpatients. Twenty Corynebacterium strains were isolated and identified as Corynebacterium striatum (n = 7), Corynebacterium amycolatum (n = 7), C. urealyticum (n = 3), Corynebacterium afermentans (n = 2), and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (n = 1). All isolates have been tested for antibiotic susceptibility by standardized disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Seventeen isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance phenotypes. The molecular support responsible for high resistance to quinolones for ten of these strains was determined by the detection of point mutation in the gene sequence gyrA.

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BERGAMINI, M., P. FABRIZI, S. PAGANI, A. GRILLI, R. SEVERINI, and C. CONTINI. "Evidence of increased carriage of Corynebacterium spp. in healthy individuals with low antibody titres against diphtheria toxoid." Epidemiology and Infection 125, no. 1 (August 2000): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899004331.

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This study evaluated whether a correlation exists between carriage of corynebacteria and the lack of immunity to diphtheria toxoid. Samples of both nasal and pharyngeal secretions were taken from 500 apparently healthy subjects of both sexes and of all ages and inoculated onto Tinsdale's medium. A serum sample was also taken for ELISA test to determine the titre of diphtheria toxin antibodies. None of the subjects carried Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Ninety-three strains of Corynebacterium spp. were isolated from 93 subjects and 86 of these were classified to species or group level by biochemical tests. C. xerosis was the most common (25·8%) followed by C. pseudodiphthericum (16·1%), C. jeikeium and C. striatum (both 10·8%), and C. urealyticum (9·7%). Three other species accounted for approximately 20% of strains and seven were unclassified as biochemically atypical corynebacteria. Non-protective antibodies to diphtheria toxin were found in 80 of the 93 subjects and a strong statistical association was demonstrated between carriage of corynebacteria and non-protective levels of anti-toxin antibodies. The remaining 13 subjects had protective levels of antitoxin antibodies. In contrast, only 45 of the 407 non-colonized subjects had non-protective antitoxin titres. The prevalence of carriage increased with age among males as did the percentage of non-protected subjects. The prevalence of female carriers of corynebacteria was significantly lower. Serum samples from 12 subjects with different antibody titres to diphtheria toxoid reacted to varying degrees with whole-cell lysates of a number of species of corynebacteria. The results suggest that a causal relationship may exist between nasopharyngeal carriage of corynebacteria and a low anti-diphtheria toxin immune response.

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Robert, Kuthan, Sawicka-Grzelak Anna, and Mlynarczyk Grażyna. "Corynebacterium Species Causing Urinary Tract Infections." Microbiology Research Journal International 24, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2018/43099.

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Venezia, Jaime, Pamela K. Cassiday, Robert P. Marini, Zeli Shen, Ellen M. Buckley, Yaicha Peters, Nancy Taylor, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Maria L. Tondella, and James G. Fox. "Characterization of Corynebacterium species in macaques." Journal of Medical Microbiology 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.045377-0.

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Janda, William M. "Corynebacterium species and the Coryneform bacteria Part I: new and emerging species in the genus Corynebacterium." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 20, no. 6 (March 1998): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(98)80008-1.

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Imaeda, T., K. M. Coppola, and G. Furness. "Deoxyribonucleic acids of Corynebacterium genitalium and Corynebacterium pseudogenitalium: their genome molecular weights, base ratios, and DNA relatedness with other corynebacteria involved in urinary tract infections." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-202.

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Chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids of Corynebacterium genitalium and Corynebacterium pseudogenitalium were isolated and analysed spectrophotometrically. Their genome molecular weights ranged from 1.1 × 109 to 1.6 × 109. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of C. genitalium ranged from 60.0 to 63.3%, whereas that of C. pseudogenitalium ranged from 56.1 to 58.7%. Five strains of C. genitalium showed relatively low levels of DNA relatedness to each other ranging from 35 to 64%. In contrast, most strains of C. pseudogenitalium showed high levels of DNA relatedness to each other ranging from 71 to 89%. Selected strains of C. genitalium and C. pseudogenitalium showed low levels of DNA relatedness (49 to 60%) to other corynebacterial species involved in urinary tract infection. Data obtained in this study indicate that all strains of C. genitalium consist of genetically divergent organisms while the most strains of C. pseudogenitalium belong to a single species.

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Oram, Diana Marra, Ana Avdalovic, and Randall K. Holmes. "Analysis of Genes That Encode DtxR-Like Transcriptional Regulators in Pathogenic and Saprophytic Corynebacterial Species." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 4 (April 2004): 1885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.4.1885-1895.2004.

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ABSTRACT Metal-dependent transcriptional regulators of the diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) family have been identified in a wide variety of bacterial genera, where they control gene expression in response to one of two metal ions, Fe2+ or Mn2+. DtxR of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the best characterized of these important metal-dependent regulators. The genus Corynebacterium includes many phenotypically diverse species, and the prevalence of DtxR-like regulators within the genus is unknown. We assayed chromosomal DNA from 42 different corynebacterial isolates, representing 33 different species, for the presence of a highly conserved region of the dtxR gene that encodes the DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif and metal-binding site 1 within domains 1 and 2 of DtxR. The chromosome of all of the isolates contained this conserved region of dtxR, and DNA sequencing revealed a high level of nucleotide sequence conservation within this region in all of the corynebacterial species (ranging from 62 to 100% identity and averaging 70% identity with the dtxR prototype). The level of identity was even greater for the predicted protein sequences encoded by the dtxR-like genes, ranging from 81 to 100% identity and averaging 91% identity with DtxR. Using a DtxR-specific antiserum we confirmed the presence of a DtxR-like protein in extracts of most of the corynebacterial isolates and determined the precise amount of DtxR per cell in C. diphtheriae. The high level of identity at both DNA and protein levels suggests that all of the isolates tested encode a functional DtxR-like Fe2+-activated regulatory protein that can bind homologs of the DtxR operator and regulate gene expression in response to iron.

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Funke, Guido, Ralf Englert, Reinhard Frodl, Kathryn A. Bernard, and Steffen Stenger. "Corynebacterium canis sp. nov., isolated from a wound infection caused by a dog bite." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 2544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.019927-0.

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A non-lipophilic, coryneform bacterium isolated from a patient's wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic methods. Chemotaxonomic features suggested assignment of the unknown bacterium to the genus Corynebacterium. The isolate exhibited the following unusual features, which made it possible to phenotypically differentiate it from all other medically relevant corynebacteria: the Gram stain showed some very filamentous rods (>15 μm in length); some cells exhibited branching; colonies were domed and adherent to agar; the micro-organism was positive for pyrazinamidase, β-glucosidase, α-glucosidase and trypsin but negative for β-galactosidase. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and partial rpoB gene sequencing showed that the closest phylogenetic relative, Corynebacterium freiburgense, exhibited more than 1.9 % and 17.9 % divergence with the unknown bacterium, respectively. Based on both phenotypic and molecular genetic data, it is proposed that the isolate should be classified as a novel species, Corynebacterium canis sp. nov., with the type strain 1170T (=CCUG 58627T =DSM 45402T).

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Funke, Guido, Reinhard Frodl, and Kathryn A. Bernard. "Corynebacterium mustelae sp. nov., isolated from a ferret with lethal sepsis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.010942-0.

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A non-lipophilic coryneform bacterium, strain 3105T, was isolated from various tissues of a ferret with lethal sepsis. The strain was characterized by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic methods, which suggested an assignment of the isolate to the genus Corynebacterium. Strain 3105T exhibited the following peculiar features that made it possible to differentiate it phenotypically from all other corynebacteria: its distinctive ‘humid cellar’-like odour, strong adherence to agar and a greenish-beige pigment. Strain 3105T exhibited more than 2.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis NCTC 3450T (97.12 % sequence similarity). Analysis of the highly variable region within the rpoB gene sequence showed that strain 3105T exhibited more than 14 % divergence from its closest phylogenetic relative, again C. pseudotuberculosis. Based on the data presented, it is proposed that the ferret isolate should be classified within a novel species, Corynebacterium mustelae sp. nov. (type strain 3105T =CCUG 57279T =DSM 45274T).

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Ridaura, Vanessa K., Nicolas Bouladoux, Jan Claesen, Y. Erin Chen, Allyson L. Byrd, Michael G. Constantinides, Eric D. Merrill, Samira Tamoutounour, Michael A. Fischbach, and Yasmine Belkaid. "Contextual control of skin immunity and inflammation by Corynebacterium." Journal of Experimental Medicine 215, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171079.

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How defined microbes influence the skin immune system remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Corynebacteria, dominant members of the skin microbiota, promote a dramatic increase in the number and activation of a defined subset of γδ T cells. This effect is long-lasting, occurs independently of other microbes, and is, in part, mediated by interleukin (IL)-23. Under steady-state conditions, the impact of Corynebacterium is discrete and noninflammatory. However, when applied to the skin of a host fed a high-fat diet, Corynebacterium accolens alone promotes inflammation in an IL-23–dependent manner. Such effect is highly conserved among species of Corynebacterium and dependent on the expression of a dominant component of the cell envelope, mycolic acid. Our data uncover a mode of communication between the immune system and a dominant genus of the skin microbiota and reveal that the functional impact of canonical skin microbial determinants is contextually controlled by the inflammatory and metabolic state of the host.

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Fernández-Garayzábal, J. F., A. I. Vela, R. Egido, R. A. Hutson, M. P. Lanzarot, M. Fernández-García, and M. D. Collins. "Corynebacterium ciconiae sp. nov., isolated from the trachea of black storks (Ciconia nigra)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 2191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63165-0.

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Eight unidentified Gram-positive, rod-shaped organisms were recovered from the tracheas of apparently healthy black storks (Ciconia nigra) and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Based on cellular morphology and biochemical criteria the isolates were tentatively assigned to the genus Corynebacterium, although three of the organisms did not appear to correspond to any recognized species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that all of the isolates were phylogenetically members of the genus Corynebacterium. Five strains were genotypically identified as representing Corynebacterium falsenii, whereas the remaining three strains represented a hitherto unknown subline, associated with a small subcluster of species that includes Corynebacterium mastitidis and its close relatives. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown isolates from black storks represent a novel species within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the Corynebacterium ciconiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CECT 5779T (=BS13T=CCUG 47525T).

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26

Kunkle, Carey A., and Michael P. Schmitt. "Comparative Analysis of hmuO Function and Expression in Corynebacterium Species." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 9 (February 23, 2007): 3650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00056-07.

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ABSTRACT We have constructed defined deletions in the hmuO gene from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans and show that the C. ulcerans hmuO mutation results in a significant reduction in hemoglobin-iron utilization, whereas in C. diphtheriae strains, deletion of hmuO caused no or only partial reduction in the utilization of heme as an iron source. We also show that expression from the C. ulcerans hmuO promoter exhibits minimal regulation by iron and heme whereas transcription from the C. diphtheriae hmuO promoter shows both significant iron repression and heme-dependent activation. These findings indicate that variability in HmuO function and expression exists among Corynebacterium species.

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Möller, Jens, Svenja Schorlemmer, Jörg Hofmann, and Andreas Burkovski. "Cellular and Extracellular Proteome of the Animal Pathogen Corynebacterium silvaticum, a Close Relative of Zoonotic Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis." Proteomes 8, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes8030019.

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Corynebacterium silvaticum is a newly described animal pathogen, closely related to the emerging human pathogen Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a major pathogen of small ruminants. In this study, proteins of a whole cell and a shaving fraction and the exoproteome of C. silvaticum strain W25 were analyzed as a first proteome study of this species. In total, 1305 proteins were identified out of 2013 proteins encoded by the W25 genome sequence and number of putative virulence factors were detected already under standard growth conditions including phospholipase D and sialidase. An up to now uncharacterized trypsin-like protease is by far the most secreted protein in this species, indicating a putative role in pathogenicity. Furthermore, the proteome analyses carried out in this study support the recently published taxonomical delineation of C. silvaticum from the closely related zoonotic Corynebacterium species.

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Aravena-Roman, M., C. Spröer, B. Sträubler, T. Inglis, and A. F. Yassin. "Corynebacterium pilbarense sp. nov., a non-lipophilic corynebacterium isolated from a human ankle aspirate." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.015966-0.

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A non-lipophilic coryneform bacterium isolated from an anaerobic Bactec bottle inoculated with an ankle aspirate from a male patient was characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of short-chain mycolic acids in the cell wall of the bacterium, a feature consistent with members of the genus Corynebacterium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate displayed 92.0–99.0 % gene sequence similarity with members of the genus Corynebacterium, with Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans as the most closely related phylogenetic species (99.0 % gene sequence similarity). However, the isolate could be genomically separated from C. ureicelerivorans on the basis of DNA–DNA hybridization studies (39.5 % relatedness). Furthermore, the isolate could also be differentiated from C. ureicelerivorans and other species of the genus Corynebacterium on the basis of biochemical properties. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that this isolate be classified as representing a novel species, Corynebacterium pilbarense sp. nov. (type strain IMMIB WACC 658T=DSM 45350T=CCUG 57942T).

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29

Weiss, K., A. C. Labbe, and M. Laverdiere. "Corynebacterium striatum Meningitis: Case Report and Review of an Increasingly Important Corynebacterium Species." Clinical Infectious Diseases 23, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/23.6.1246.

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Hinic, V., C. Lang, M. Weisser, C. Straub, R. Frei, and D. Goldenberger. "Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum: a Potentially Misidentified and Multiresistant Corynebacterium Species Isolated from Clinical Specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50, no. 8 (May 16, 2012): 2561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00386-12.

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Alibi, Sana, Asma Ferjani, and Jalel Boukadida. "Implication of Corynebacterium species in food’s contamination." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4, no. 5 (May 2016): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.4.2016j6-26.

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George, Mary J. "Clinical significance and characterization of Corynebacterium species." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 17, no. 23 (December 1995): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(95)80072-7.

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Wiertz, Raika, Stefanie Christine Schulz, Ute Müller, Peter Kämpfer, and André Lipski. "Corynebacterium frankenforstense sp. nov. and Corynebacterium lactis sp. nov., isolated from raw cow milk." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_12 (December 1, 2013): 4495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.050757-0.

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Two groups of Gram-stain positive, aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from raw cow’s milk, from a milking machine and from bulk tank milk. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences these isolates formed two distinct groups within the genus Corynebacterium . The sequence similarities of the isolates to the type strains of species of the genus Corynebacterium were below 98.4 %. The presence of menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2), the predominant fatty acid 18 : 1 cis 9 and a polar lipid pattern with several phospholipids but without aminolipids was in accord with the characteristics of this genus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic properties allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strains from all known species of the genus Corynebacterium . Therefore, the isolates were assigned to two novel species of this genus for which the names Corynebacterium frankenforstense sp. nov. (type strain ST18T = DSM 45800T = CCUG 63371T), and Corynebacterium lactis sp. nov. (type strain RW2-5T = DSM 45799T = CCUG 63372T) are proposed, respectively.

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Möller, Jens, Anne Busch, Christian Berens, Helmut Hotzel, and Andreas Burkovski. "Newly Isolated Animal Pathogen Corynebacterium silvaticum Is Cytotoxic to Human Epithelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073549.

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Corynebacterium silvaticum is a newly identified animal pathogen of forest animals such as roe deer and wild boars. The species is closely related to the emerging human pathogen Corynebacterium ulcerans and the widely distributed animal pathogen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. In this study, Corynebacterium silvaticum strain W25 was characterized with respect to its interaction with human cell lines. Microscopy, measurement of transepithelial electric resistance and cytotoxicity assays revealed detrimental effects of C. silvaticum to different human epithelial cell lines and to an invertebrate animal model, Galleria mellonella larvae, comparable to diphtheria toxin-secreting C. ulcerans. Furthermore, the results obtained may indicate a considerable zoonotic potential of this newly identified species.

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Naik, Madhavi A., Aruna Korlimarla, Smrithi T. Shetty, Anisha M. Fernandes, and Sanjay A. Pai. "Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Clinicopathological Study With 16s rRNA Sequencing for the Detection of Corynebacteria in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 28, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896919896021.

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Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is a histologically characterized variant of granulomatous lobular mastitis that is associated with lipophilic Corynebacterium species. It remains a largely underrecognized entity in India. Our aim was to study CNGM in the Asian Indian population and explore if 16s rRNA sequencing could be used on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue to identify the causative organism. We studied 24 cases with histological features of CNGM with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram, Ziehl-Neelsen, and Periodic acid–Schiff stains. Tuberculosis-polymerase chain reaction and 16s rRNA gene sequencing on DNA extracted from FFPE was attempted (N = 23). Gram-positive bacilli were seen in 20/24 cases. Routine culture with prolonged incubation yielded Corynebacterium species in 8 cases; 7 of these cases were evaluated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for species identification. C matruchotti was identified in one case by BD Phoenix. MALDI-TOF MS identified the remaining 7 cases as C kroppenstedtii (N = 4) and C tuberculostearicum (N = 2), with no identification in one. Corynebacteria were identified by 16s rRNA sequencing on DNA extracted from FFPE in 12/23 cases using a primer targeting the V5-V6 region that was found to be more conserved in Corynebacterium species. All cases were negative for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. CNGM can be identified by routine stains. Culture using routine media with prolonged incubation is often adequate to isolate the organism. 16s rRNA sequencing on DNA extracted from FFPE tissue can help make an etiological diagnosis in some cases where only paraffin blocks are available.

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Kharseeva, G. G., N. A. Voronina, T. D. Gasretova, O. I. Sylka, and S. Yu Tyukavkina. "ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF CORYNEBACTERIUM NON DIPHTHERIAE STRAINS." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-2-3-8.

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Aim. Study the frequency of occurrence of antibiotics resistant strains of various species of Corynebacterium non diptheriae. Materials and methods. C.pseudodiphtheriticum, C.pseudotuberculosis, C.xerosis, C.amycolatum, C.striatum, C.ulcerans strains isolated from patients with pathologies of respiratory and urogenital tract, as well as individuals taking prophylaxis examination were used. Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations was determined by the serial dilution method. Results. The highest number of Corynebacterium non diptheriae strains displayed resistance to benzylpenicillin (54.8%) and lincomycin (50.7%), and lowest - to cefotaxime, cefazolin (6.8%) and vancomycin (13.7%). The highest number of antibiotics resistant strains were detected among members of C.pseudotuberculosis {100%), C.xerosis (96.0%) and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (81.0%) species. Polyresistant strains were detected most frequently among C.xerosis, C.amycolatum and C.striatum species. Strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae most frequently displayed resistance to 1 or 2 antibacterial preparations (24.7%), less frequently - to 3 (20.5%), 4 (13.7%), 5 (4.1%) and 6 (1.4%) preparations. Conclusion. The amount of antibiotics resistant strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae is large (89.0%) and non-similar in various species.

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Renaud, François N. R., Alain Le Coustumier, Nathalie Wilhem, Dominique Aubel, Philippe Riegel, Claude Bollet, and Jean Freney. "Corynebacterium hansenii sp. nov., an α-glucosidase-negative bacterium related to Corynebacterium xerosis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64665-0.

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A novel strain, C-138T, belonging to the genus Corynebacterium was isolated from a severe thigh liposarcoma infection and its differentiation from Corynebacterium xerosis and Corynebacterium freneyi is described. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, rpoB sequences and the PCR profile of the 16S–23S spacer regions was not conclusive enough to differentiate strain C-138T from C. xerosis and C. freneyi. However, according to DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain C-138T constitutes a member of a distinct novel species. It can be differentiated from strains of C. xerosis and C. freneyi by colony morphology, the absence of α-glucosidase and some biochemical characteristics such as glucose fermentation at 42 °C and carbon assimilation substrates. The name Corynebacterium hansenii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species; the type strain is C-138T (=CIP 108444T=CCUG 53252T).

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Wauters, Georges, Bernard Van Bosterhaut, Michèle Janssens, and Jan Verhaegen. "Identification of Corynebacterium amycolatum and Other Nonlipophilic Fermentative Corynebacteria of Human Origin." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 5 (1998): 1430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.5.1430-1432.1998.

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Four identification tests, proposed in addition to conventional methods, were evaluated with 320 fermentative nonlipophilicCorynebacterium strains: growth at 20°C, glucose fermentation at 42°C, alkalinization of sodium formate, and acid production from ethylene glycol. These tests were highly discriminant.Corynebacterium amycolatum displayed a unique profile, allowing it to be distinguished from similar species, such as C. xerosis, C. striatum, and C. minutissimum.

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Devriese, Luc A., Philippe Riegel, Jozef Hommez, Mario Vaneechoutte, Thierry de Baere, and Freddy Haesebrouck. "Identification of Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum Strains from the Urogenital Tract of Humans and Pigs." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 12 (2000): 4657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.12.4657-4659.2000.

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Bacterial strains isolated from the genital tracts of humans (predominantly males), semen of boars, and uterine and vaginal secretions of sows were identified as Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum and were compared with the type strains of the recently proposed species Corynebacterium glucuronolyticumand Corynebacterium seminale. The two type strains as well as the clinical strains were shown by DNA-DNA hybridization and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to be related at the species level. All strains were classified as C. glucuronolyticum, because this name has nomenclatural priority over C. seminale.

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Yassin, A. F. "Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans sp. nov., a lipophilic bacterium isolated from blood culture." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64832-0.

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A lipophilic coryneform bacterium isolated from a blood culture from a patient with signs of septicaemia was characterized by means of phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype IV and short-chain mycolic acids, which are consistent with the genus Corynebacterium. The isolate was characterized biochemically by the very rapid (approx. 60 s) positive result that was obtained in a urease test in the API Coryne system. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the isolate belonged phylogenetically to the genus Corynebacterium. The values for sequence divergence (⩾1.4 %) with respect to known Corynebacterium species, together with phenotypic differences, show that the unidentified bacterium represents a novel member of this genus. On the basis of both the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, this isolate should be classified within a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMMIB RIV-2301T (=DSM 45051T=CCUG 53377T).

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Weiss, K., M. Laverdière, and R. Rivest. "Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium species by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 4 (April 1996): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.4.930.

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Corynebacterium species are increasingly being implicated in foreign-body infections and in immunocompromised-host infections. However, there are no specific recommendations on the method or the criteria to use in order to determine the in vitro activities of the antibiotics commonly used to treat Corynebacterium infections. The first aim of our study was to compare the susceptibilities of various species of Corynebacterium to vancomycin, erythromycin, and penicillin by using a broth microdilution method and a disk diffusion method. Second, the activity of penicillin against our isolates was assessed by using the interpretative criteria recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the determination of the susceptibility of streptococci and Listeria monocytogenes to penicillin. Overall, 100% of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, while considerable variations in the activities of erythromycin and penicillin were noted for the different species tested, including the non-Corynebacterium jeikeium species. A good correlation in the susceptibilities of vancomycin and erythromycin between the disk diffusion and the microdilution methods was observed. However, a 5% rate of major or very major errors was detected with the Listeria criteria, while a high rate of minor errors (18%) was noted when the streptococcus criteria were used. Our findings indicate considerable variations in the activities of erythromycin and penicillin against the various species of Corynebacterium. Because of the absence of definite recommendations, important discrepancies were observed between the methods and the interpretations of the penicillin activity.

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Frischmann, Alexa, Alexander Knoll, Friederike Hilbert, Aleksandra Anna Zasada, Peter Kämpfer, and Hans-Jürgen Busse. "Corynebacterium epidermidicanis sp. nov., isolated from skin of a dog." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_9 (September 1, 2012): 2194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.036061-0.

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A Gram-stain-positive, pleomorphic, oxidase-negative, non-motile isolate from the skin of a dog, designated strain 410T, was subjected to comprehensive taxonomic characterization. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate showed highest similarities to the type strains of Corynebacterium humireducens , Corynebacterium diphtheriae , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans (96.1–96.8 %). The quinone system consisted predominantly of MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). The polar lipid profile of strain 410T contained the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified glycolipids. The polyamine pattern was composed of the major amines spermidine and spermine. In the fatty acid profile, predominantly straight-chain, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were detected (C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0). These chemotaxonomic traits are in agreement with those reported for representatives of the genus Corynebacterium . Strain 410T tested negative for diphtheria toxin. Physiological properties as well as unique traits in the polar lipid profile could be used to distinguish strain 410T from the most closely related species. These data suggest that strain 410T represents a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium , for which we propose the name Corynebacterium epidermidicanis sp. nov. The type strain is 410T ( = DSM 45586T = LMG 26322T = CCUG 60915T).

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Zhou, Zhengfu, Menglong Yuan, Ran Tang, Ming Chen, Min Lin, and Wei Zhang. "Corynebacterium deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert sand." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_4 (April 1, 2012): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.030429-0.

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A novel coryneform bacterium, designated strain GIMN1.010T, was isolated from a sand sample collected in the desert in the west of China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, irregular rods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain GIMN1.010T belonged to the genus Corynebacterium and was related closely to Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032T (98.4 % similarity). However, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain GIMN1.010T and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032T was only 22.4±1.72 %, showing that strain GIMN1.010T represented a genomic species distinct from C. glutamicum. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain GIMN1.010T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GIMN1.010T ( = CCTCC AB 2010341T = NRRL B-59552).

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Santos, Carolina S., Juliana N. Ramos, Veronica V. Vieira, Carina S. Pinheiro, Roberto Meyer, Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves, Rommel T. Ramos, et al. "Efficient differentiation of Corynebacterium striatum , Corynebacterium amycolatum and Corynebacterium xerosis clinical isolates by multiplex PCR using novel species-specific primers." Journal of Microbiological Methods 142 (November 2017): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2017.09.002.

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45

Al-Dilaimi, Arwa, Hanna Bednarz, Alexander Lömker, Karsten Niehaus, Jörn Kalinowski, and Christian Rückert. "Revisiting Corynebacterium glyciniphilum (ex Kubota et al., 1972) sp. nov., nom. rev., isolated from putrefied banana." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_1 (January 1, 2015): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.065102-0.

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A strain of a species of the genus Corynebacterium , designated AJ 3170T, was isolated during the 1980s from putrefied bananas. Since then, there have been no further updates on the description of the strain or its phylogenetic classification. However, phylogenetic analysis of this strain using 16S rRNA and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization has confirmed that it is a member of the genus Corynebacterium and that strain AJ 3170T clusters with Corynebacterium variabile DSM 44702T, Corynebacterium terpenotabidum Y-11T and Corynebacterium nuruki S6-4T in one subgroup. Furthermore, a combination of enzymatic, chemical, and morphological characterization techniques was applied in order to describe strain AJ 3170T further. The strain grew well at pH values of 6–10 and at temperatures of 30–41 °C. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (42.15 %), C18 : 1ω9c (41.6 %) and C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) (8.56 %). The whole-cell sugars were determined to comprise galactose, arabinose and ribose. On the basis of this phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characterization, it is proposed that strain AJ 3170T represents a novel species, for which the name Corynebacterium glyciniphilum sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is AJ 3170T ( = DSM 45795T = ATCC 21341T).

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Khamis, A., D. Raoult, and B. La Scola. "rpoB Gene Sequencing for Identification of Corynebacterium Species." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 3925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.9.3925-3931.2004.

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Díez-Aguilar, M., P. Ruiz-Garbajosa, A. Fernández-Olmos, P. Guisado, R. Campo, C. Quereda, R. Cantón, and M. A. Meseguer. "Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species: an emerging respiratory pathogen." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 32, no. 6 (December 28, 2012): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1805-5.

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Riegel, P., R. Ruimy, F. N. R. Renaud, J. Freney, G. Prevost, F. Jehl, R. Christen, and H. Monteil. "Corynebacterium singulare sp. nov., a New Species for Urease-Positive Strains Related to Corynebacterium minutissimum." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-4-1092.

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49

Baumgardt, Sandra, Igor Loncaric, Peter Kämpfer, and Hans-Jürgen Busse. "Corynebacterium tapiri sp. nov. and Corynebacterium nasicanis sp. nov., isolated from a tapir and a dog, respectively." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_11 (November 1, 2015): 3885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000510.

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Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial isolates, strain 2385/12T and strain 2673/12T were isolated from a tapir and a dog's nose, respectively. The two strains were rod to coccoid-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity identified Corynebacterium singulare CCUG 37330T (96.3 % similarity) as the nearest relative of strain 2385/12T and suggested the isolate represented a novel species. Corynebacterium humireducens DSM 45392T (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) was identified as the nearest relative of strain 2673/12T. Results from DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strain of C. humireducens demonstrated that strain 2673/12T also represented a novel species. Strain 2385/12T showed a quinone system consisting predominantly of menaquinones MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) whereas strain 2673/12T contained only MK-8(H2) as predominant quinone. The polar lipid profiles of the two strains showed the major compounds phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. Phosphatidylinositol was identified as another major lipid in 2673/12T whereas it was only found in moderate amounts in strain 2385/12T. Furthermore, moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylinositol-mannoside, β-gentiobiosyl diacylglycerol and variable counts of several unidentified lipids were detected in the two strains. Both strains contained corynemycolic acids. The polyamine patterns were characterized by the major compound putrescine in strain 2385/12T and spermidine in strain 2673/12T. In the fatty acid profiles, predominantly C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0 were detected. The two strains are distinguishable from each other and the nearest related established species of the genus Corynebacterium phylogenetically and phenotypically. In conclusion, two novel species of the genus Corynebacterium are proposed, namely Corynebacterium tapiri sp. nov. (type strain, 2385/12T = CCUG 65456T = LMG 28165T) and Corynebacterium nasicanis sp. nov. (type strain, 2673/12T = CCUG 65455T = LMG 28166T).

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Boynosky, Nicole Ann, and Laura B. Stokking. "Retrospective Evaluation of Canine Dermatitis Secondary to Corynebacterium spp." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6243.

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Corynebacterium species are considered nonpathogenic in canine dermatitis; however, potential clinical significance has been demonstrated in canine otitis externa and from a dog bite wound in a human. Objectives of this study were to identify the predominant Corynebacterium species present in lesions of canine dermatitis, assess pathogenic role, determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and evaluate clinical response. Of 37 isolates identified as Corynebacterium, 31 were Corynebacterium auriscanis. Most Corynebacterium isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (97%), tetracyclines (92%), and amikacin (89%); isolate susceptibilities to β-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones were <50%. Most cultures grew mixed populations of bacteria; C. auriscanis was the only organism isolated in three patients. At recheck, 2–8 wk after initial presentation, pleomorphic rods were absent or significantly decreased in all patients. Two of three C. auriscanis isolates were obtained in pure culture and were evaluable, meaning patient had an initial exam and recheck examination. Both patients were already on antimicrobials to which C. auriscanis was resistant in vitro. Both improved after doxycycline administration. C. auriscanis may act as an opportunistic pathogen in canine dermatitis and may not respond to antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibilities for other organisms in mixed infections. Occasionally, Corynebacterium isolated alone may be pathogenic.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Corynebacterium species'

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