Academic literature on the topic 'Cosmetic clays'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cosmetic clays"
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Papadopoulos, A., K. Giouri, E. Tzamos, A. Filippidis, and S. Stoulos. "Natural radioactivity and trace element composition of natural clays used as cosmetic products in the Greek market." Clay Minerals 49, no. 1 (March 2014): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2014.049.1.05.
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AbstractSeven commercial cosmetic clays having different colour (white, green, pink and red) available in pharmacies and herbalists’ shops in the Greek market have been examined for their trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, Hg, La, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Tl, V, Y, Zn and Zr). According to EC Regulation 1223/2009 the presence of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, Zr and their compounds is prohibited in cosmetics. The most abundant trace elements in the white clays were P (330 μg/g), Pb (220 μg/g) and Zr (11 μg/g) and for the green clays were P (1250 μg/g), As (43 μg/g), Cr (31 μg/g), Pb (30 μg/g) and Ni (23 μg/g). Red and pink clays had lower concentrations of these elements than their white and green counterparts. The green clays are three times enriched in As and the kaolinite-rich white clays are nine times enriched in Pb compared to the Average Shale. The main mineral phase in the white clays is either kaolinite or calcite, in green clays smectite, in pink clay kaolinite and talc and in red clays it is vermiculite. The specific activities of 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K were determined by γ-ray spectroscopy. The kaolinite-rich white clays are more enriched in 238U-series radionuclides (238U and 226Ra) than the smectitic green clays. In contrast, the green clays were more enriched in 232Th-series radionuclides (228Ra and 228Th) and 40K than the white clays.
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Bastianini, Maria, Caterina Faffa, Michele Sisani, and Annarita Petracci. "Caffeic Acid-layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid: A New Raw Material for Cosmetic Applications." Cosmetics 5, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5030051.
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Bioactive ingredients from natural sources possess well-known positive effects in cosmetic applications. Among them, phenolic acids have emerged with very interesting potential. Caffeic acid (CAF) is one of the most promising active compounds because it possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and anti-wrinkle effects. In order to increase its local bioavailability in topical applications, the vehiculation of caffeic acid can lead to a new raw material of cosmetic interest. For this purpose, clay minerals possess excellent properties, such as low or null toxicity and good biocompatibility. Clays are able to host a wide range of active ingredients in the interlayer region, using a green process known as intercalation reaction. The hosting of cosmetic actives into the layered structure of anionic clays allows the preparation of new materials with enhanced stability towards oxidation and photodegradation, better local bioavailability, and easier workability. In this paper, the successful vehiculation of caffeic acid into anionic clay is presented. The obtained hybrid is very promising for the cosmetic market because of its higher bioavailability and prolonged antioxidant activity.
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Mpuchane, Sisai F., Georges-Ivo E. Ekosse, Berhanu A. Gashe, Isaac Morobe, and Stephan H. Coetzee. "Microbiological characterisation of southern African medicinal and cosmetic clays." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 20, no. 1 (January 25, 2010): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120903254025.
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A. O, Popoola, Popoola O.E, Igbokwe, O.G, and Olatunde-Aremu F.S. "ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC HEAVY METALS IN SOME NIGERIAN CLAYS USED FOR COSMETIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 3, no. 2 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.3.2.1.
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Chrzanowski, Wojciech, Sally Yunsun Kim, and Ensanya Ali Abou Neel. "Biomedical Applications of Clay." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 11 (2013): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13361.
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Traditional applications of clay mineral mainly revolved around cosmetics and industrial products, but their scope of application is continuously expanding into pharmaceutics including drug delivery and tissue engineering. The interest in clays amongst the scientific community has increased dramatically in recent years due to its composition and structure which can be easily modified to serve different purposes. Largely due to structural flexibility and its small particle size, clay nanostructure can be modified to tune rheological and mechanical properties, and can entrap moisture to suit a particular application. Additionally, interest in the synthesis of polymer-clay nanocomposites in tissue engineering is growing as it is cheap, easily available, and environmentally-friendly. The structure of clay allows the interclaysion of different biomolecules between the clay layers. These biomolecules can be released in a controlled manner which can be utilised in drug delivery and cosmetic applications.
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Gamoudi, S., and E. Srasra. "Green synthesis and characterization of colored Tunisian clays: Cosmetic applications." Applied Clay Science 165 (December 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.07.042.
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Dušenkova, Inga, Iveta Kusiņa, Juris Mālers, and Līga Bērziņa-Cimdiņa. "Application of Latvian illite clays in cosmetic products with sun protection ability." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.203.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Recent research shows that clay minerals can be used in sunscreens as UV filters instead of inorganic and organic compounds, which can cause unexpected photo-catalytic effect and damage the skin surface and can be absorbed into the skin and cause allergic reactions. In this study UV transmittance of suspensions containing clay fraction (mostly illite) and 50% glycerol/water solution was measured. Samples without chemical treatment, with removed carbonates and iron containing minerals (oxides and hydroxides) were analyzed. </span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Results showed that the chemical treatment decreased UV protection ability. The highest increase of UV transmittance was observed for samples after removal of iron </span><span lang="EN-US">containing minerals</span><span lang="EN-US">. UV transmittance decreased by 10-14% when the concentration of clay fraction in the suspension was increased from 20 to 30 mass%.<span> </span>Samples with the highest concentration of iron oxide showed also the highest UV protection ability.</span></p>
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Cortés, Guillermo R. Martín, Ticiane S. Valera, Fabio José Esper, Wildor Theodoro Hennies, and Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz. "Synthesis and Characterization of Organophilic Clay from Cuban Chiqui Gomez Bentonite." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.1093.
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Smectites are clay mineral with a layered structure and nanometric thickness, high specific area and a huge variety of uses. Consisting on stacked layers of about 1nm thickness, including two silica tetrahedral and one octahedral sheet. Properties of natural Smectites can be enhanced by organic modification, due to the substitution of the exchangeable cations in the interlayer area. In fact, the properties of the modified smectite (organophilic clay) are related to its modified chemical composition and structural parameters. The interaction of smectite clays with surfactants has an important interest in the fields of drilling fluids, paints, cosmetic, ceramic industries and others. Recent applications are: remediation of contaminated areas and polymer/clay nanocomposites. The aim of this paper is to obtain organophilic clays using a bentonite from the Chiqui Gómez deposit in Central Cuba. The raw and organophilic clays were analyzed by DRX, SEM, swelling capacity in organic solvents and others.
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Roselli, Carla, Donatella Desideri, Chiara Cantaluppi, Michele Mattioli, Andrea Fasson, and Maria Assunta Meli. "Essential and Toxic Elements in Clays for Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Use." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 78, no. 5 (March 3, 2015): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2014.964430.
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Molina, C. B., J. A. Zazo, J. A. Casas, and J. J. Rodriguez. "CWPO of 4-CP and industrial wastewater with Al–Fe pillared clays." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.151.
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Catalysts based on pillared clays with Al–Fe have been synthesised from a commercial bentonite and tested for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of aqueous 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) solution and industrial wastewater from cosmetics manufacture. The effect of the synthesis procedure, the iron load and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity was studied using 4-CP as target compound. A lower temperature in the preparation of the pillaring solution, as well as a higher Fe load, gave rise to a higher catalytic activity, but also a higher leaching of the active phase. The best catalyst, in terms of catalytic activity, was also tested for treating cosmetic wastewater by CWPO. Experiments were carried out at 90°C and atmospheric pressure and the influence of Fe load, catalyst concentration and H2O2/COD ratio (between 0.5 and 2 times the stoichiometric ratio) were analysed. Higher values of these parameters favour COD reduction. The Fe leaching in all cases was lower than 1.2 mg/L, indicating that these catalysts have a high stability under these experimental conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cosmetic clays"
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Balduino, Ana Paula Zenóbia. "Estudo da caracterização e composição de argilas de uso cosmético." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7044.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In the present study aimed to analyze samples of cosmetic clays (white, red and green) used in facial treatments with regard to chemical composition, assessing the existence of potentially toxic metals to health, regulated by RDC Resolution nº 48 of ANVISA and their fluorescence concentrations of X-ray energy dispersive (EDXRF). For structural analysis, samples were characterized by diffraction techniques X-ray (XRD) and conventional, high-resolution laser spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), for determining the clay forming and impurities for each sample. In addition, we evaluated the bioavailability of metals in samples by the method proposed by Rodriguez and Diaz the release test metals by acid treatment. The EDXRF analysis for the analyzed clays showed the presence of 5 (Ba, Cr, Pb, Nd and Zr) metals regulated by ANVISA Resolution RDC nº 48 as prohibited. XRD analysis of the fresh samples showed the presence of clays of the kaolinite, illite, halloysite, dickite, montmorillonite and mica muscovite the presence of mineral impurities. In assessing the availability of harmful metals present in samples by treating this acid pointed by XRD technique the progressive decline and the loss of crystallinity of the peaks relating to mineral impurities. In FTIR analysis for fresh samples stands out the band in the region 1382 cm-1 present as an impurity and its removal after acid treatment. It follows therefore that these clays have some undesirable metals in its composition, and to carry out an acid attack these species become available and may cause problems to health, requiring more rigorous quality control because it is a product of continuous use.
No presente estudo objetivou-se analisar amostras de argilas cosméticas (branca, vermelha e verde) usadas em tratamentos faciais com relação à composição química, avaliando a existência de metais potencialmente tóxicos para a saúde, regulados pela resolução RDC nº 48 da ANVISA e suas respectivas concentrações por fluorescência de raios-X com energia dispersiva (EDXRF). Para a análise estrutural, as amostras foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de difração de raios-X (DRX) convencional e de alta resolução e espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), para a determinação dos argilominerais formadores e impurezas presentes para cada amostra. Além disso, avaliou-se a biodisponibilidade dos metais nas amostras pelo método proposto por Rodriguez e Diaz, pelo teste de liberação de metais por tratamento ácido. A análise de EDXRF para as argilas analisadas apontaram a presença de 5 (Ba, Cr, Pb, Nd e Zr) metais regulados pela resolução ANVISA RDC nº 48 como proibidos. A análise de DRX para as amostras in natura das argilas apontaram a presença dos argilominerais caulinita, ilita, haloisita, diquita, montmorilonita e mica muscovita e a presença de impurezas minerais. Ao avaliar a disponibilidade dos metais nocivos presentes nas amostras pelo tratamento ácido este apontou pela técnica de DRX a diminuição progressiva e a perca da cristalinidade dos picos referentes às impurezas minerais. Na análise de FTIR para as amostras in natura destaca-se a banda na região de 1382 cm-1 presente na forma de impureza, e sua remoção após tratamento ácido. Conclui-se, portanto que estas argilas possuem alguns metais indesejáveis em sua composição, e ao realizar um ataque ácido estas espécies se tornam disponíveis, podendo ocasionar problemas a saúde, sendo necessário um maior rigor no controle de qualidade por se tratar de um produto de uso contínuo.
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Jang, Se Hee. "Beauty in Imperfection: Post-hyperreal Cosmetic Containers." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5830.
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An unhealthy reliance on vision alone, fed by pervasive, doctored, hyperreal imagery in the mass media, suppresses a more balanced use of other senses, reinforcing superficial beauty standards. Trapped by an uncritical preference for the visually “perfect” and harmonious, people increasingly seek to remove physical attributes they consider “imperfect,” without first considering how these “imperfections” benefit and distinguish them as unique individuals.
This thesis addresses superficial beauty standards by shifting focus from singularly visual experience to a more nuanced sensory aesthetic that also considers haptic qualities. Through a combination of research writing and targeted making, my work examines society’s understanding of flaws and imperfections by strategically embedding natural qualities of texture and randomness—blemishes—into ceramics, a medium treated as analogous to human skin.
The resulting tools and objects, designed to support a healthy, ritualized daily skincare routine, examine beauty through the lens of wabi-sabi—the philosophy of things imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete.
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Gulbas, Lauren E. "Cosmetic surgery and the politics of race, class, and gender in Caracas, Venezuela." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337349.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.Title from PDF title page (viewed Oct. 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: A, page: 4769. Adviser: Carolyn Sargent. Includes bibliographical references.
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Favero, Juliana da Silva. "Caracterização, tratamento e viabilidade de aplicação de argilas provenientes de resíduos de extração de areia na área cosmética." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/2599.
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As argilas são materiais naturais, terrosos, de granulação fina e que apresentam plasticidade em contato com a água. A aplicabilidade das argilas na área cosmética depende da sua composição química e mineralógica, porém esses materiais possuem elevada biocarga, sendo o controle dessa carga microbiana necessário antes da aplicação das mesmas na área cosmética. Além disso, devido a variabilidade na composição das mesmas, estudos que avaliem a composição química e a aplicabilidade das argilas são necessários. O presente trabalho consistiu na caracterização de quatro tipos diferentes de argilas, provenientes do resíduo da extração de areia de mineradoras do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de técnicas de fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica, distribuição de tamanho de partículas por dispersão a laser, avaliação da área superficial, espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e avaliação da morfologia das argilas. A carga microbiana das argilas foi avaliada e foram propostos dois métodos de descontaminação. As argilas foram incorporadas em gel hidrofílico e emulsão não iônica passando por um teste de estabilidade acelerada durante 90 dias, nos quais as amostras foram armazenadas a temperatura de 20°C ±2°C, 2°C ±2°C e 45°C ±2°C, juntamente com os respectivos padrões (emulsão e gel sem argila). Foram avaliadas, durante o teste, características organolépticas das formulações, assim como pH, espalhabilidade, viscosidade, resistência à centrifugação e diâmetro de partículas. As formulações que apresentaram os melhores resultados nesses testes foram submetidas ao teste de irritabilidade dérmica in vivo. Avaliou-se o potencial citotóxico in vitro das argilas pelo ensaio MTT, brometo de 3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio, e coloração Giemsa. A caracterização por DRX permitiu verificar a presença de caulinita e ilita, como principais fases mineralógicas identificadas nas amostras, além do silício como o mineral em maior concentração para todas as amostras. O diâmetro médio de partícula variou de 3,6 a 24,1 μm e a área superficial de 22,8 a 38,57 m2/g, sendo que a Argila III foi a que apresentou o maior valor de área superficial. Os métodos de descontaminação propostos, utilizando associação de álcool 70°GL e calor seco a 120°C e somente o calor seco, promoveram redução da carga microbiana das amostras adequando as argilas aos limites exigidos para uso em cosméticos. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação da estabilidade das formulações, nas condições testadas, demonstraram que as argilas alteraram parâmetros como viscosidade, espalhabilidade e diâmetro de partículas. O valor de pH não sofreu alterações com a adição das argilas e não houve alterações após a centrifugação das amostras. Dentre os veículos estudados, os géis apresentaram maior estabilidade que as emulsões, frente às condições testadas e os parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, os géis contendo os quatro tipos de argila e o gel padrão, foram escolhidos para avaliação da irritabilidade dérmica in vivo. Verificou-se que nenhuma das amostras causou irritação nos voluntários nas condições testadas. No teste de citotoxicidade todas as argilas demonstraram uma reduzida atividade citotóxica. Considerando os testes realizados, as argilas estudadas possuem uma atividade promissora quanto à aplicabilidade na indústria cosmética.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-05-23T17:45:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana da Silva Favero.pdf: 13674482 bytes, checksum: 044596817fd9bfbe4791fbbff740b2ed (MD5)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS.
Clays are natural, earthy, fine-grained materials that exhibit plasticity in contact with water. The applicability of the clays in the cosmetic area depends on their chemical and mineralogical composition, but these materials have huge bioburden and the control of this bioburden is necessary before applying them in the cosmetic area. Moreover, due to the variability in their composition, studies that evaluate the chemical composition and the applicability of the clays are necessary. The present work consisted in the characterization of four different types of clays, originated from the sand extraction residue of mining activities in the hinterland of São Paulo state, Brazil, using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution by laser dispersion, surface area evaluation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and clay morphology evaluation. The bioburden of the clays was evaluated and two methods of decontamination were proposed. The clays were incorporated in hydrophilic gel and nonionic emulsion under an accelerated stability test during 90 days, in which the samples were stored at a temperature of 20 ° C ± 2 ° C, 2 ° C ± 2 ° C and 45 ° C ± 2 ° C, with the respective standards (emulsion and gel without clay). The organoleptic characteristics of the formulations, as well as pH, spreadability, viscosity, centrifugation resistance and particle diameter were evaluated during the test. The formulations with the best results in these tests were submitted to the in vivo dermal irritability test. The in vitro cytotoxic potential of clays was evaluated by MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and Giemsa. The XRD characterization allowed to verify the presence of kaolinite and illite, as the main mineralogical phases identified in the samples, besides silicon as the mineral in the highest concentration for all the samples. The average particle diameter ranged from 3.6 to 24.1 μm and the surface area of 22.8 to 38.57 m2/g, and Clay III showed the highest surface area value. The proposed decontamination methods, using a combination of alcohol 70 ° GL and dry heat at 120 ° C and dry heat alone, promoted reduction of the bioburden of the samples, adjusting the clays to the limits required for cosmetics application. The results obtained in the evaluation of the stability of the formulations, under the conditions tested, showed that the clays changed parameters such as viscosity, spreadability and particle diameter. The pH value did not change with the addition of the clays and there were no changes after centrifugation of the samples. Among the studied vehicles, the gels presented greater stability than the emulsions, in front of the conditions tested and the evaluated parameters. Thus, the gels containing the four types of clay and the standard gel were chosen for evaluation of dermal irritability in vivo. None of the samples induced irritation in volunteers under the conditions tested. In the cytotoxicity test all the clays showed a reduced cytotoxic activity. Considering the tests performed, the clays studied have a promising activity regarding applicability in the cosmetic industry.
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Zague, Vivian. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação da estabilidade física e físico-química de máscaras faciais argilosas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-17112017-102917/.
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Com a tecnologia altamente especializada na produção de insumos, utilização de recursos naturais em produtos cosméticos tem sido crescente. Recentemente, a Cosmetologia retoma o interesse pelas máscaras faciais baseadas na diversidade de matérias-primas argilosas. Embora muitas propriedades dispersões argilosas tenham sido estudadas, existem poucos estudos científicos relacionados aos aspectos de estabilidade físico-química de formulações baseadas em argilas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de máscaras faciais argilosas, avaliando seu perfil de estabilidade física e físico-química. Inicialmente, composição química e mineralógica, tamanho de partículas, propriedades térmicas, índice de intumescimento e valor de pH das matérias-primas argilosas foram determinados. Também foram avaliadas as propriedades reológicas de dispersões argilosas contendo 1,0; 3,0 e 5,0% p/p de silicato de alumínio e magnésio (SAM) associado ou não com 0,5; 1,0 e 5,0% p/p de goma xantana ou hidroxipropilguar. A influência das variáveis de preparo (temperatura, velocidade e tempo de agitação) na viscosidade aparente da pré-formulação, armazenada a 22,0 ± 2,0 °C durante 28 dias, foi avaliada por meio do planejamento estatístico fatorial 23. Foram desenvolvidas nove formulações em veículo aquoso gelificado, variando o tipo concentração de gomas e de umectantes; e cinco em veículo emulsionado partículas sólidas associadas ou não a um tensoativo não iônico, contendo proporções variadas de fase oleosa. As formulações foram submetidas à Avaliação Preliminar de Estabilidade e aos Testes de Estabilidade Acelerada e Normal. Homogeneidade, . cor e odor, valor de pH e parâmetros reológicos foram determinados em cada dia de análise durante os testes de estabilidade. Formulações em veículo aquoso contendo 5,0% p/p de SAM associado a 0,5% de goma xantana ou 5,0% de hidroxipropilguar contendo a mistura de glicerina propilenoglicol (4,0% p/p de cada componente) foram estáveis em todas condições estudadas. Além disto, a formulação emulsionada contendo 5,0% de SAM como emulsificante primário e 4,0% de fase oleosa também permaneceu estável todas as condições avaliadas. O armazenamento a 5,0 ± 0,5 °C é recomendado para as formulações de máscaras faciais baseadas em materiais argilosos.Due to highly specialized technology in supplies production, the use natural compounds has been growing. Recently, Cosmetology retakes the interest facial masks based on diversity of clay raw-materials. Although most of properties clay dispersions have been studied, specific aspects concerning physicochemical stability of clay mask products remain unclear. This work aimed at developing and investigating the physicochemical stability of clay facial masks. Firstly, clay raw-materials were evaluated according to chemical and mineralogical composition, particle size distribution, thermal properties, swelling index and pH value. Rheological properties of clay dispersions, containing 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0% w/w of aluminum and magnesium silicate (AMS) associated or not with 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0% of xanthan gum or hydroxypropyl guar, was also determined. A factorial experimental design 23 was used to evaluate the influence of mixing conditions (temperature, rotation and time) on apparent viscosity of pre-formulation stored at 22.0 ± 2.0 °C for 28 days. It was developed nine formulations in aqueous vehicle, differentiated by type and concentration of gums and humectants; and five formulations in emulsified vehicle solids particles associated or not with a non-ionic surfactant and containing different oil phase proportions. Formulations were subjected to Preliminary, Accelerated and Normal Stability Assays. Homogeneity, color and odor, pH value and rheological parameters were determined in each day of analysis during stability assays. Aqueous formulations containing 5,0% w/w of AMS associated to 0.5% w/w xanthan gum or 5.0% w/w of hydroxypropyl guar and glycerin and propylene glycol (4.0% w/w each one) were stable at all studied conditions. Moreover, the emulsified formulation added by 5.0% w/w AMS as primary emulsifying and 4.0% of oil phase kept stable at all conditions. The storage at 5.0 ± 0.5 °C is recommended for physical stability of clay-based formulations.
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Sayon, Marina. "Consumo de cosméticos masculinos: uma questão de vaidade e masculinidade?" Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2017. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/312.
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The main objective of this study was to understand how the constructs of masculinity and vanity impacts male cosmetics consumption in Brazilian men from different social classes. There was still the intention to detect if the levels of vanity and masculinity are negatively correlated and if other variables such as age and marital status had any moderation effect on these constructs. These variables were defined based on bibliometric techniques applied to published studies in this field of knowledge, which allowed to identify which gaps haven´t been investigated yet. To test the raised hypotheses and answer the previous questions, responses of 476 men from a quantitative self-administered survey available in several online and physical channels were analyzed. The results indicated that, more than independent from each other, the levels of vanity and masculinity positively influence the consumption of cosmetics, and being part of the CDE classes also results in a higher consumption. However, an investigation of the possible moderators revealed collinearity between age and marital status, and it was necessary to remove the age from the regression. With this, it was possible to notice a positive moderating effect of the marital status on a vanity and negative moderating effect on a masculinity. Then, it was found a final model to calculate the consumption of cosmetics according to the variables of vanity, masculinity, social class and marital status. The academic contribution came especially by the systematization of the data performed in the execution of the bibliometric techniques and the subsequent deepening in the gaps found on the subject. In this study, a connection between consumption of cosmetics and some constructs of personal values, in different social classes. Regarding the pragmatic contributions, the corollary of the results summed to the conclusions of previous searches allowed some marketing strategies suggestion to the companies, to boost this niche’s results that already shows a great perspective in the cosmetics market, revealing sales of almost R$ 20 billion in Brazil (EUROMONITOR, 2017).
O principal objetivo deste estudo foi entender como os constructos de masculinidade e vaidade impactam o consumo de cosméticos masculinos em homens brasileiros de diferentes classes. Adicionalmente, buscou-se identificar se os níveis de vaidade e masculinidade são negativamente correlacionados e se outras variáveis como idade e estado civil possuíam efeito moderador sobre esses constructos. Essas variáveis foram definidas a partir de técnicas bibliométricas aplicadas a estudos publicados nesse campo de conhecimento, que permitiram identificar lacunas empíricas que poderiam ser investigadas. Para testar as hipóteses levantadas e responder os questionamentos supracitados, foram analisadas as respostas de 476 homens em um survey auto administrado de abordagem quantitativa, disponibilizado em diversos canais online e físicos. Os resultados indicaram que, além de serem independentes, os níveis de vaidade e masculinidade influenciam positivamente o consumo de cosméticos, e o pertencimento às classes CDE também resulta em um consumo maior. Entretanto, quanto à investigação das variáveis moderadoras, descobriu-se colinearidade entre idade e estado civil, sendo necessária a remoção da idade do modelo. Com isso, foi possível notar um efeito moderador positivo do estado civil sobre a vaidade e negativo sobre a masculinidade, chegando a estimação de um modelo para calcular o consumo de cosméticos em função das variáveis de vaidade, masculinidade, classe social e estado civil. As contribuições acadêmicas se deram especialmente pela sistematização dos dados realizada na execução das técnicas bibliométricas e o subsequente aprofundamento nas lacunas encontradas sobre o tema. Nesse caso, sobre a relação do consumo de cosméticos com alguns constructos de valores pessoais, nas diferentes classes. Já quanto as contribuições pragmáticas, o corolário dos resultados encontrados somado às conclusões de pesquisas anteriores permitiu a sugestão de algumas estratégias de marketing às empresas para potencializar os resultados desse nicho que se apresenta de forma promissora no mercado de cosméticos, revelando uma venda de quase R$20 bilhões no Brasil (EUROMONITOR, 2017).
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Santos, do Nascimento Paiva Michelle. "De l’invisibilité des cancers d’origine professionnelle à l’invisibilisation des risques cancérogènes dans le travail des femmes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080064/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les conditions de travail des femmes en France afin de rendre compte de la difficulté à envisager puis établir des liens entre ces conditions et le développement de certains cancers. Ceci implique de s’intéresser à la façon dont les différences biologiques et culturelles servent d’argument pour expliquer les particularités féminines face au cancer. Ainsi, à partir d’une approche analytique de la division sexuelle du travail cette recherche vise à comprendre pourquoi l’hypothèse de l’existence des atteintes cancérogènes à la santé au travail ne serait plausible que pour expliquer l’origine des cancers dont souffrent des hommes. A partir de quels éléments invalide-t-on l’hypothèse d’une étiologie professionnelle dans l’explication des cancers dont souffrent des femmes ? S’appuie-t-on sur des différences concrètes, empiriques et contextualisées ou assiste-t-on plutôt à un processus de différenciation construit par un jeu de mise en visibilisation/invisibilisation du travail des hommes et des femmes ?Cette thèse soutient que les femmes sont concernées par un phénomène d’invisibilisation des atteintes cancérogènes à leur santé au travail. Les processus de différenciation des hommes et des femmes se (re)produisent aux niveaux macro, méso et microsocial ; ils se situent au niveau de la construction de la connaissance, de la production des conditions pour la reconnaissance de la maladie professionnelle, au niveau des mobilisations sociales, ainsi qu’au niveau du rapport subjectif des travailleur-se-s au travail et aux risquesThis thesis investigates women’s working conditions in France to give an account of the difficulties of establishing links between those conditions and the development of certain cancers. This investigation implies getting familiar with the ways biological and cultural differences are being held as arguments to explain feminine particularities of cancers. Using a sexual division of labour approach, this research aims to understand why the hypothesis of carcinogenic harms to health in the workplace would only be plausible to explain men’s cancers. Which elements are used to undermine the professional etiology in the explication of women’s cancers? Are we taking into account concrete, empirical and contextualized differences or is it a differentiation process, constructed in a visibilization/invisibilization interplay of men’s and women’s work?This thesis claims that women are affected by an invisibilization phenomenon of the carcinogenic harms to their health in the workplace. The processes of differentiation between men and women are (re)producing themselves at macro, meso and microsocial levels; they are present in the construction of knowledge, in the production of conditions for recognition of the occupational disease, in social mobilisations and in the subjective relation between the individuals and their work and risks
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Fang, Li, and 李芳. "Explorations the Cosmetic Benefits of Guanziling Hot Spring Clay." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41204492236038608349.
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碩士嘉南藥理大學
觀光事業管理系
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International hot spring research result had indicated that applying the clay therapy can relief pain and also can treat other skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo and eczema. Recent scientific evidence indicated that directly used of Guanziling hot spring clay on the human skin have improved effect of skin roughness, pores size and skin spots. The other research have shown the cosmetic effects of Guanziling hot spring clay may produce by directly through adsorption binding of coloring and milk protein which remove it from skin surface. In this study, we were designed two categories experimental program, including basic and applying research procedure, to explain the possibility mechanism of cosmetic effects of Guanziling hot spring clay and compare with kaolin control group. Sixteen volunteers of age 18-25 years old female were divided into basic and applied research groups. In basic research group, there was using a spectrophotometer to detect the pigment and whey protein to assess the adsorption and removal effects of Guanziling hot spring clay in various concentrations (without, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%). Results have shown that Guanziling hot spring clay at least 0.001% to produce adsorption and removal significant effects of pigment and whey protein. However, in the kaolin control group, which was higher than 0.001% that have significant in all testing group compared with without kaolin group. In applied research group, the full-face Visia skin analyzer was used to compare with before and after facial clay mask applying and to assess the skin spots, pores, wrinkles and texture for immediate or long-term used program. Results of immediate used of Guanziling facial clay mask applying group, there have shown slight effects on skin pores (before 104.25 ± 23.82; after 90.81 ± 21.29) and skin texture (before 111.19 ± 22.97; after 94.50 ± 18.35), but did not significant benefit to compare with before used. There was similar effects with Guanziling facial clay mask applying group, which of control kaolin group have shown slight effects on skin pore (before 111.56 ± 19.76; after 101.31 ± 18.11) and skin texture (before 113.31 ± 20.28; after 101.13 ± 19.17) , but also did not showed the statistical difference. Furthermore, tracking and comparing with the long-term applying groups of Guanziling facial clay mask applying group and control kaolin group, there also did not show statistical significant. Comprehensive of this study, Guanziling hot spring clay and kaolin have shown similar effects of the adsorption and removal mechanisms for pigment, collage and whey protein, but collage adsorption and removal effects of kaolin were stronger than Guanziling hot spring clay. The overall of this study, there is slight effect of facial clay mask applying groups to improve dermal cosmetics, but did not show statistical significant. There will need more detail studies to improve the cosmetic mechanisms of Guanziling hot spring clay.
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Azevedo, Catarina Isabel Costa. "A importância dos minerais na Indústria farmacêutica e cosmética." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7354.
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Um mineral é definido com base na sua constituição química e estrutura cristalina, e para se qualificar como tal, deve englobar uma combinação dessas propriedades. É uma substância natural de origem inorgânica. Os minerais são essenciais para a nossa saúde, pois a sua presença é determinante para a atividade celular.
No âmbito desta dissertação, percebeu-se que a nível da indústria farmacêutica, os minerais enquadram-se essencialmente como substâncias ativas da fórmula farmacêutica, podendo assim ser usados na prevenção e tratamento de diversas patologias, que podem estar relacionadas ou não com a carência dos mesmos na alimentação diária. O ferro, por exemplo, é utilizado no tratamento da anemia por deficiência deste mineral, o cálcio previne o aparecimento da osteoporose, enquanto a deficiência em magnésio está relacionada com doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo II, entre outras. Por outro lado, a platina é aplicada no tratamento de diversos cancros, o zinco na terapêutica da doença de Wilson e o lítio na doença bipolar.
Na indústria cosmética os minerais são também de grande importância, podendo ser usados como substâncias ativas ou como excipientes, no tratamento ou prevenção de diversas patologias da pele, e em produtos de cuidados pessoais, que são utilizados pelos consumidores como parte das suas atividades diárias de higiene e beleza. A acne e a dermatite seborreica são dois exemplos de patologias que afetam a pele e na qual os minerais são usados como parte do tratamento, respetivamente pelo recurso a composto de zinco e de selénio.
Contudo, apesar dos minerais já serem explorados desde a pré-história, ainda hoje em dia são objeto de diversos estudos, com o intuito de estudar novas formas de os aplicar, quer no âmbito da indústria farmacêutica, quer no da cosmética.A mineral is defined based on its chemical constitution and crystalline structure, and to qualify as such, should encompass a combination of these properties. It is a natural substance of inorganic origin. Minerals are essential for our health because their presence is key to cellular activity. Within the scope of this dissertation, it was noticed that at the level of the pharmaceutical industry, the minerals are essentially as active substances of the pharmaceutical formula, and can thus be used in the prevention and treatment of several pathologies, which may or may not be related to the lack of diets. Iron, for example, is used in the treatment of deficiency anemia in this mineral, calcium prevents the onset of osteoporosis, while magnesium deficiency is related to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type II, among others. On the other hand, platinum is applied in the treatment of several cancers, zinc in the therapy of Wilson's disease and lithium in bipolar disease. In the cosmetics industry minerals are also of great importance and can be used as active substances or as excipients in the treatment or prevention of various skin conditions, and personal care products which are used by consumers as part of their daily activities of hygiene and beauty. Acne and seborrheic dermatitis are two examples of conditions that affect the skin and in which the minerals are used as part of the treatment, respectively by the use of zinc and selenium compounds. However, although the minerals have already been exploited since prehistory, they are still the subject of several studies, in order to study new ways of applying them both in the pharmaceutical industry and in cosmetics.
Books on the topic "Cosmetic clays"
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Isaac, Matt. Russian Clay Secrets: Medicinal and Cosmetic Applications of Healing Clay. Health by Profession, 2012.
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Styling Masculinity: Gender, Class, and Inequality in the Men's Grooming Industry. Rutgers University Press, 2016.
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Barber, Kristen. Styling Masculinity: Gender, Class, and Inequality in the Men's Grooming Industry. Rutgers University Press, 2016.
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Kawaii doodle class: Sketching super-cute tacos, sushi, clouds, flowers, monsters, cosmetics, and more. Race Point Publishing, 2017.
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Khan, Zainab, and Pic Candle. Mini Kawaii Doodle Class: Sketching Super-Cute Tacos, Sushi Clouds, Flowers, Monsters, Cosmetics, and More. Quarto Publishing Group USA, 2018.
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Roy, Nandini, Utshab Singha, Saurav Paul, Gaurav Kumar Pushp, Swagat Bardoloi, Maimy Debbarma, and Freeman Boro. Metal Oxide Nanomaterials. Edited by Sunayana Goswami (Ed.). Glasstree, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781716360367.
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Engineered nanoparticles have been used widely in various sectors such as electronics, construction, health, energy, remediation and agriculture etc. In recent years, Metal oxide nanoparticles have become one of the important class of materials for both material and biological applications. For instance, Zinc oxide Nanoparticles has its effective bioapplications in various fields including pharmaceuticals, medicines, and agriculture. At the same time, these are of high important due to their utilization in biosensors, cosmetics, drug-delivery systems etc. This book documents some important aspects of metal oxide nanomaterials highlighting their material, environmental and biological prospects.
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Chiou, Wen-An, Helmut Coutelle, Andreas Decher, Michael Dörschug, Reiner Dohrmann, Albert Gilg, Stephan Kaufhold, et al. Bentonites -. Edited by Stephan Kaufhold. E. Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/bentonites/9783510968596.
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<p><b>Bentonites</b> are rocks mostly consisting of swelling clay minerals. They were first described from the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming, USA. </p> <p> Because of their useful properties (e.g. highly adsorbent, cation exchanging, swelling), bentonites have many uses, in industry (among them as drilling mud, purification agent, binder, adsorbent, paper production), culture (for e.g. pottery) and medicine/cosmetics/cat litter, civil engineering, and in the future even in the disposal of high-level nuclear waste. </p> <p> Particular chemical characteristics of bentonite clay minerals are rather variable but critically determine their suitability for a particular application. </p> <p> The 15 specialist authors discuss bentonite terminology, classification and genesis and use in eight chapters. Individual chapters deal with the methods bentonites are analysed with, their properties and performance in terms of parameters such as cation exchange capactiy, rheology, coagulation concentraion, water uptake capacity, free swelling, and electrical resistivity (amongst others). </p> <p> A chapter is dedicated to the sources of bentonites, the technology employed to produce them, and how quality control is carried out both in the mine and the laboratory. A further chapter is dedicated to methods of processing the mined material, different activation methods, drying, grinding, and purification. </p> <P> Use cases for bentonites are discussed in a chapter of its own. References, a section on norms and standards, and a list of abbreviations complete the text. </p> <p> The volume addresses students, researchers, and professionals in the mineral industry dealing with bentonite and their clay-mineral constituents, quality assessement and control, and persons that use bentonites in their products. </p>
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UUelcome Matte©: Déltos from Link Starbureiy: an exercise of imagination, creativity, and wonder. online [weblog format]: The Link Egglepple Starbureiy Museum, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cosmetic clays"
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Schweitzer, Marlis. "“The Mad Search for Beauty”: Actresses, Cosmetics, and the Middle-Class Market." In Testimonial Advertising in the American Marketplace, 123–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230101715_6.
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LÓPEZ-GALINDO, ALBERTO, and CÉSAR VISERAS. "Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications of Clays." In Interface Science and Technology, 267–89. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1573-4285(04)80044-9.
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López-Galindo, Alberto, César Viseras, Carola Aguzzi, and Pilar Cerezo. "Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Uses of Fibrous Clays." In Developments in Clay Science, 299–324. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53607-5.00013-x.
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Netzer, Falko P., and Claudine Noguera. "Clay mineral layers and nanoparticles." In Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures, 200–224. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834618.003.0007.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the properties of naturally occurring oxide ultra-thin films and nanoparticles of complex composition, namely clay minerals. Clays represent a wide family of nanomaterials, formed from the weathering of primary rocks at the Earth surface. Their layered structure is responsible for their extreme anisotropy and their extremely high specific surface area which is at the origin of their unique properties and of their strong interaction with their surrounding. The focus of this chapter is on their structural and composition characteristics, the conditions of their formation, their interaction with water and their chemical properties. A mention is given of their uses in human cultural activities, in dwelling constructions and statuary, in porcelain fabrication, in retention of metal contaminants in the environment, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and as lubricants, catalysts, therapeuthic agents, among others.
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"Pharmacology and Cosmetics." In Bentonite Clay, 304–33. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18543-13.
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Mitchell, David A., Laura Mitchell, and Lorna McCaul. "Restorative dentistry 2: repairing teeth." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Dentistry, 216–62. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199679850.003.0006.
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Contents. Repair and replacement of teeth. Management planning. Dental pain. Occlusion—1. Occlusion—2. Teamworking. Isolation and moisture control. Principles of operative procedures. Posterior composite restorations. Indirect resin composite or porcelain inlays/onlays. Posterior amalgam restorations. Anterior proximal (Class III), incisal (Class IV), cervical (Class V), and root surface caries. Management of extensive/deep restorations. Survival and failure of restorations. Tooth wear/tooth surface loss. ‘Cosmetic’ dentistry. Tooth whitening. Veneers. Anterior crowns for vital teeth. Anterior post and core crowns. Anterior post and core crowns—practical tips. Posterior crowns. Temporary restorations.
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Ciftci, Hakan. "An Introduction to Montmorillonite Purification." In Montmorillonite [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98188.
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Purification of montmorillonite is a process to remove non clay minerals (gangue) such as calcite, feldspar, quartz, opal (C-T), and mica from montmorillonite ore. This is performed to make montmorillonite suitable for use in sensitive applications such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and advanced materials for nanotechnology. Gangue minerals in raw montmorillonite ores can cause serious health problems when used in pharmaceutics, cosmetic, and food industries and reduce material quality in advanced materials production. Montmorillonite purification can be divided into two main classes as physical and chemical purification. Physical purification processes are based on particle size difference between the gangue and montmorillonite minerals. Purification processes based on gravity separation are ineffective since the specific weights of gangue and montmorillonite minerals are very close to each other. Physical purification process includes sedimentation, centrifugal separation, aero separation, and sieving techniques. Chemical purification of montmorillonite is based on dissolution and so extraction of carbonates, metal hydroxides, organic materials, and silica, respectively, using different leaching techniques.
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"Name EU-Nr. C.I.Nr. Class Chemical name / formula." In Coloring of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 114–21. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482270082-35.
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"Name ED-No. C.I. Class Chemical namel formula." In Coloring of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 137. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482270082-39.
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"Name EU-Nr. C.I.Nr. Class Chemical name / formula." In Coloring of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 138. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482270082-40.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cosmetic clays"
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Nasution, Fatimah Z., Andina Eka Mandasari, and Muwahhid Billah. "Assessing Factors Influencing the Purchase Decision of Cosmetics among Middle Class Female Muslims." In Mulawarman International Conference on Economics and Business (MICEB 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/miceb-17.2018.21.
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Berechet, Mariana Daniela, Demetra Simion, Maria Stanca, Ciprian Chelaru, Cosmin-Andrei Alexe, and Maria Rapa. "The influence of alkaline extraction on some keratin hydrolysates properties." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.3.
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Keratin is a fibrous protein abundant in nature, being the component of wool, hair, hooves, horns, feathers, and claws. Keratin is one of the most valuable natural biopolymers due to its chemical versatility and biological performance. At the molecular level, keratin is distinguished from other biopolymers by its high concentration of cysteine-containing sulfur. Two keratin hydrolysate batches were obtained in alkaline medium, at a constant concentration of 8% NaOH and 75°C (KerNa875), 85°C (KerNa885), and 95°C (KerNa895), and at a fixed temperature of 99°C and different concentrations of NaOH, i.e. 3% (KerNa399), 5% (KerNa599), and 8% (KerNa899), respectively. Physical-chemical analyses showed that the protein content ranging between 83.60% for KerNa875 and 88.88% for KerNa399, while the total nitrogen was found 13.83% and 14.67% in the case of KerNa875 and KerNa399, respectively. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the particle sizes decreased with the increased concentration in the reaction medium. The average particle size was between 1352 nm and 1771 nm for the samples obtained at a temperature of 99°C and with lower values between 463.3 nm and 571.6 nm for the samples obtained with 8% NaOH. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra evidenced the specific bands of keratin-specific proteins and sulfur compounds. Experiments were also performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the growth of Tamino and Mirastar wheat plants by applying the treatments with 3% and 5% concentrations of KerNa899 on wheat seeds. These experiments showed an improvement in the wheat plant growth during 10 days of observation compared to control sample. The results recommend the potential use for keratin hydrolysates in the medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics fields, and also as fertilizers in agriculture.
Reports on the topic "Cosmetic clays"
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Burton, C. A., J. B. Percival, and D. Saulnier. Mineralogical investigation of a clay deposit for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes, Baie-St-Ludger, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210862.
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