Journal articles: 'Cosmetic clays'

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Papadopoulos, A., K. Giouri, E. Tzamos, A. Filippidis, and S. Stoulos. "Natural radioactivity and trace element composition of natural clays used as cosmetic products in the Greek market." Clay Minerals 49, no. 1 (March 2014): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2014.049.1.05.

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AbstractSeven commercial cosmetic clays having different colour (white, green, pink and red) available in pharmacies and herbalists’ shops in the Greek market have been examined for their trace element concentrations (Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, Hg, La, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Tl, V, Y, Zn and Zr). According to EC Regulation 1223/2009 the presence of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, Zr and their compounds is prohibited in cosmetics. The most abundant trace elements in the white clays were P (330 μg/g), Pb (220 μg/g) and Zr (11 μg/g) and for the green clays were P (1250 μg/g), As (43 μg/g), Cr (31 μg/g), Pb (30 μg/g) and Ni (23 μg/g). Red and pink clays had lower concentrations of these elements than their white and green counterparts. The green clays are three times enriched in As and the kaolinite-rich white clays are nine times enriched in Pb compared to the Average Shale. The main mineral phase in the white clays is either kaolinite or calcite, in green clays smectite, in pink clay kaolinite and talc and in red clays it is vermiculite. The specific activities of 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K were determined by γ-ray spectroscopy. The kaolinite-rich white clays are more enriched in 238U-series radionuclides (238U and 226Ra) than the smectitic green clays. In contrast, the green clays were more enriched in 232Th-series radionuclides (228Ra and 228Th) and 40K than the white clays.

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Bastianini, Maria, Caterina Faffa, Michele Sisani, and Annarita Petracci. "Caffeic Acid-layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid: A New Raw Material for Cosmetic Applications." Cosmetics 5, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5030051.

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Bioactive ingredients from natural sources possess well-known positive effects in cosmetic applications. Among them, phenolic acids have emerged with very interesting potential. Caffeic acid (CAF) is one of the most promising active compounds because it possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and anti-wrinkle effects. In order to increase its local bioavailability in topical applications, the vehiculation of caffeic acid can lead to a new raw material of cosmetic interest. For this purpose, clay minerals possess excellent properties, such as low or null toxicity and good biocompatibility. Clays are able to host a wide range of active ingredients in the interlayer region, using a green process known as intercalation reaction. The hosting of cosmetic actives into the layered structure of anionic clays allows the preparation of new materials with enhanced stability towards oxidation and photodegradation, better local bioavailability, and easier workability. In this paper, the successful vehiculation of caffeic acid into anionic clay is presented. The obtained hybrid is very promising for the cosmetic market because of its higher bioavailability and prolonged antioxidant activity.

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Mpuchane, Sisai F., Georges-Ivo E. Ekosse, Berhanu A. Gashe, Isaac Morobe, and Stephan H. Coetzee. "Microbiological characterisation of southern African medicinal and cosmetic clays." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 20, no. 1 (January 25, 2010): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120903254025.

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A. O, Popoola, Popoola O.E, Igbokwe, O.G, and Olatunde-Aremu F.S. "ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC HEAVY METALS IN SOME NIGERIAN CLAYS USED FOR COSMETIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 3, no. 2 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.3.2.1.

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Chrzanowski, Wojciech, Sally Yunsun Kim, and Ensanya Ali Abou Neel. "Biomedical Applications of Clay." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 11 (2013): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13361.

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Traditional applications of clay mineral mainly revolved around cosmetics and industrial products, but their scope of application is continuously expanding into pharmaceutics including drug delivery and tissue engineering. The interest in clays amongst the scientific community has increased dramatically in recent years due to its composition and structure which can be easily modified to serve different purposes. Largely due to structural flexibility and its small particle size, clay nanostructure can be modified to tune rheological and mechanical properties, and can entrap moisture to suit a particular application. Additionally, interest in the synthesis of polymer-clay nanocomposites in tissue engineering is growing as it is cheap, easily available, and environmentally-friendly. The structure of clay allows the interclaysion of different biomolecules between the clay layers. These biomolecules can be released in a controlled manner which can be utilised in drug delivery and cosmetic applications.

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Gamoudi, S., and E. Srasra. "Green synthesis and characterization of colored Tunisian clays: Cosmetic applications." Applied Clay Science 165 (December 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.07.042.

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Dušenkova, Inga, Iveta Kusiņa, Juris Mālers, and Līga Bērziņa-Cimdiņa. "Application of Latvian illite clays in cosmetic products with sun protection ability." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.203.

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Recent research shows that clay minerals can be used in sunscreens as UV filters instead of inorganic and organic compounds, which can cause unexpected photo-catalytic effect and damage the skin surface and can be absorbed into the skin and cause allergic reactions. In this study UV transmittance of suspensions containing clay fraction (mostly illite) and 50% glycerol/water solution was measured. Samples without chemical treatment, with removed carbonates and iron containing minerals (oxides and hydroxides) were analyzed. Results showed that the chemical treatment decreased UV protection ability. The highest increase of UV transmittance was observed for samples after removal of iron containing minerals. UV transmittance decreased by 10-14% when the concentration of clay fraction in the suspension was increased from 20 to 30 mass%. Samples with the highest concentration of iron oxide showed also the highest UV protection ability.

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Cortés, Guillermo R. Martín, Ticiane S. Valera, Fabio José Esper, Wildor Theodoro Hennies, and Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz. "Synthesis and Characterization of Organophilic Clay from Cuban Chiqui Gomez Bentonite." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.1093.

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Smectites are clay mineral with a layered structure and nanometric thickness, high specific area and a huge variety of uses. Consisting on stacked layers of about 1nm thickness, including two silica tetrahedral and one octahedral sheet. Properties of natural Smectites can be enhanced by organic modification, due to the substitution of the exchangeable cations in the interlayer area. In fact, the properties of the modified smectite (organophilic clay) are related to its modified chemical composition and structural parameters. The interaction of smectite clays with surfactants has an important interest in the fields of drilling fluids, paints, cosmetic, ceramic industries and others. Recent applications are: remediation of contaminated areas and polymer/clay nanocomposites. The aim of this paper is to obtain organophilic clays using a bentonite from the Chiqui Gómez deposit in Central Cuba. The raw and organophilic clays were analyzed by DRX, SEM, swelling capacity in organic solvents and others.

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Roselli, Carla, Donatella Desideri, Chiara Cantaluppi, Michele Mattioli, Andrea Fasson, and Maria Assunta Meli. "Essential and Toxic Elements in Clays for Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Use." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 78, no. 5 (March 3, 2015): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2014.964430.

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Molina, C. B., J. A. Zazo, J. A. Casas, and J. J. Rodriguez. "CWPO of 4-CP and industrial wastewater with Al–Fe pillared clays." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.151.

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Catalysts based on pillared clays with Al–Fe have been synthesised from a commercial bentonite and tested for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of aqueous 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) solution and industrial wastewater from cosmetics manufacture. The effect of the synthesis procedure, the iron load and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity was studied using 4-CP as target compound. A lower temperature in the preparation of the pillaring solution, as well as a higher Fe load, gave rise to a higher catalytic activity, but also a higher leaching of the active phase. The best catalyst, in terms of catalytic activity, was also tested for treating cosmetic wastewater by CWPO. Experiments were carried out at 90°C and atmospheric pressure and the influence of Fe load, catalyst concentration and H2O2/COD ratio (between 0.5 and 2 times the stoichiometric ratio) were analysed. Higher values of these parameters favour COD reduction. The Fe leaching in all cases was lower than 1.2 mg/L, indicating that these catalysts have a high stability under these experimental conditions.

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Oranska, O. I., and Yu I. Gornikov. "X-ray diffraction and thermal studies on some food and cosmetic bentonite clays." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp10.01.013.

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Khiari, Imen, Samir Mefteh, Rita Sánchez-Espejo, Pilar Cerezo, Carola Aguzzi, Alberto López-Galindo, Fakher Jamoussi, and César Viseras Iborra. "Study of traditional Tunisian medina clays used in therapeutic and cosmetic mud-packs." Applied Clay Science 101 (November 2014): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.07.029.

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Giouri, K., A. Papadopoulos, A. Bourliva, E. Tzamos, L. Papadopoulou, and A. Filippidis. "Trace element content and morphological characteristics in microscale of commercially available clays used as cosmetic products." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11117.

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Two kinds of clays (one white and one green) available in pharmacies and herbalist’s shops in the Greek market have been studied for their concentrations in trace elements, namely As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl and Zr. According to EC Regulation 1223/2009, the presence of the analyzed trace elements and their compounds, are prohibited in cosmetics. The most abundant trace elements of the white clay are P (330 ppm), Pb (220 ppm) and Zr (11 ppm), while for the green clay are P (1250 ppm), As (43 ppm), Cr (31 ppm), Pb (30 ppm) and Ni (23 ppm). Compared to the global shale average concentration of elements, Pb is enriched 11-times in the white clay and As is enriched 3-times in the green clay. The depleted trace elements of the white clay are As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, P, Sb, Se, Te, Tl and Zr, while of the green one are Cr, Hg, Ni, Sb, Te, Tl and Zr. Concerning the morphological characteristics, differences were observed in the particle size and shape between the white and green clay aggregates.

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Gubitosa, Jennifer, Vito Rizzi, Paola Fini, and Pinalysa Cosma. "Hair Care Cosmetics: From Traditional Shampoo to Solid Clay and Herbal Shampoo, A Review." Cosmetics 6, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6010013.

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Hair is an important part of the body appeal and its look is a health indicator. Accordingly, recent advances in hair science and hair care technologies have been reported in literature claiming innovations and strategies for hair treatments and cosmetic products. The treatment of hair and scalp, primarily, involved the use of shampoo for an effective, but gentle cleansing; however, for years, the shampoo is considered not only as a cosmetic product having the purifying purpose, but it is also responsible for maintaining the health and the beauty of hair, imparting gloss and improving manageability. For meeting the needs of a multitasking formulation, following also the recent marketing-trend addressed to the "natural world", new challenges for cosmetic technology are aimed towards the research of natural ingredients, as well as new techniques for shampoo formulation. Regarding the recent development of solid shampoos, little information is available about their use, formulation and advantages. This review is largely focused on the description of solid shampoos, mainly based on the use of clays, herbs or flours as washing bases alternative to the traditional ones, consisting of a combination of synthetic surfactants, together with other usual ingredients expected in a shampoo formulation.

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LOPEZGALINDO, A., C. VISERAS, and P. CEREZO. "Compositional, technical and safety specifications of clays to be used as pharmaceutical and cosmetic products." Applied Clay Science 36, no. 1-3 (April 2007): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2006.06.016.

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Bastos, Carla Marina, Fernando Rocha, Ângela Cerqueira, Denise Terroso, Cristina Sequeira, and Paula Tilley. "Assessment of Clayey Peloid Formulations Prior to Clinical Use in Equine Rehabilitation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 3365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103365.

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Clays are natural ingredients used to prepare therapeutic cataplasms suitable for topical application. The knowledge about these formulations and their preparations to be applied on humans and animals has been orally transmitted since ancient times. Several empirical methods using clays have demonstrated fast and effective results in the reduction of the inflammatory response and the formation of edemas in horse limbs. The use of traditional and alternative medicine, such as pelotherapy, is now becoming more popular in veterinarian medical practice, alone or combined with other therapies in horse muscle and tendon rehabilitation. This study characterizes the use of commercial equine clays and an old therapeutic clay cataplasm formulation, using acetic acid, to treat tendon injuries in horses. This work might contribute to a major database characterization of clays used empirically on equine health, the potential of dermal absorption, the risks of exposure to some toxic elements, and safety assessment for these formulations. The present study was carried out to characterize the suitability of four commercial equine clays (Group II) and a protocoled healing mixture: “clay acetic acid cataplasm”, (Group III), to treat tendon injuries in horses. In this mixture, three conventional “green” clays (Group I) without any mineralogical specificity were used and blended with acetic acid. The mineralogical composition was determined through X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence data. To determine the performance of the samples, cooling kinetics, oil absorption, expandability, and specific surface area were measured. According to the mineralogical composition, Group I was mainly composed of carbonates and silicates, while Group II was much richer in silicates with the main clay minerals kaolinite and illite. Group II exhibited the highest values for As, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn, considered potentially toxic. Both groups showed low cation exchange capacities and exchanged mainly Ca2+, with the exception of VET.1 and VET.7, which also highlight Na+, and VET.5 and VET.6, which have K+ as an exchangeable main cation. The addition of acetic acid (Group III) does not reveal any significant chemical changes. The results confirm that both clay groups are adequate for the therapeutic propose. They have good plastic properties (skin adherence), good oil absorptive capabilities (cleaning), and exchange an essential physiological element, calcium. Group II has prior industrial preparation, which is probably why it showed better results. Group I presented lower heat retention capacity and higher abrasiveness, which could be improved using cosmetic additives. The clinical benefit of the “clay acetic acid cataplasm” (Group III) could be the systemic anti-inflammatory effect established by the acetic acid.

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Milena-Pérez, A., B. R. Martínez-Martínez, E. Álvarez, V. M. Expósito-Suárez, F. Piñero-García, and M. A. Ferro-García. "NATURAL RADIUM ISOTOPES PRESENT IN SOME COSMETIC PRODUCTS: DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION AND DOSE ESTIMATION." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 187, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz133.

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ABSTRACT Since the early days, clays, plant extracts and raw materials have been used for therapeutic and beauty purposes. Nowadays, this use is widely spread, as a huge amount of companies have developed new cosmetics based on natural sources. This may lead to an accumulation of radionuclides that can be hazardous for people. Especially dangerous are radium isotopes (226,228Ra), which can be part of the raw materials that cosmetics are made from. In this paper, the concentration of radium isotopes of 18 natural cosmetics was determined. Concentrations resulted in the range 7.9 ± 5.0–37.6 ± 12.5 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra; and 2.5 ± 1.7–35.4 ± 2.6 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra. The effective dose in the skin has been estimated, obtaining a mean value of 13.1 ± 4.9 μSv y−1. This value is far from the reference level of 50 mSv y−1 for the public members. Therefore, no radiological risk derived from the use of these samples, has been found.

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Martsouka, Fotini, Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos, Sophia Hatziantoniou, Martin Barlog, Giorgos Lagiopoulos, Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou, and Dimitrios Papoulis. "Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Protection of Pharmaceutical Kaolin and Talc Modified with Copper and Zinc." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051173.

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Six pharmaceutical pastes were prepared using chemically modified kaolin and talc powders. Tests were conducted to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their antimicrobial protection, thus rendering them suitable for cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Kaolin and talc were treated chemically via the cation exchange method to load the clay particles with copper and zinc ions, two cations well known for their antimicrobial properties. Mineralogical analyses were conducted by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after the modification, confirming the mineralogical purity of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy was also used in conjunction with energy dispersed spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to obtain chemical mapping images, revealing the dispersion of the added metals upon the clay minerals surfaces. Moreover, chemical analysis has been performed (XRF) to validate the enrichment of the clays with each metal utilizing the cation exchange capacity. All modified samples showed the expected elevated concentration in copper or zinc in comparison to their unmodified versions. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the chemical state of the samples’ surfaces was investigated, revealing the presence of salt compounds and indicating the oxidation state of adsorbed metals. Finally, the resistance of pastes in microbial growth when challenged with bacteria, molds, and yeasts was assessed. The evaluation is based on the European Pharmacopeia (EP) criteria.

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Pagano, Calarco, Ceccarini, Beccari, Ricci, and Perioli. "Development and Characterization of New Topical Hydrogels Based on Alpha Lipoic Acid—Hydrotalcite Hybrids." Cosmetics 6, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6020035.

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Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known anti-aging compound. The activity of this molecule is limited by two important factors: (i) The low stability to oxidation and thermal processes and (ii) the low solubility. Particularly the latter limits ALA formulation in hydrophilic bases. The purpose of this paper is to present a new technological approach to stabilize lipoic acid in topical hydrogels for cosmetic use. With this aim, ALA was intercalated in two different lamellar anionic clays (hydrotalcites), MgAl and ZnAl, obtaining the hybrids MgAl-ALA and ZnAl-ALA. The intercalation allows to obtain a more manageable product in comparison to raw ALA. After the preliminary characterization, hydrogels containing the hybrids were prepared and characterized, also in comparison to the commercial product Tiobec® in terms of rheological properties, stability to temperature and centrifugation, release, and cytotoxicity. The obtained results highlighted that the hydrogel containing MgAl-ALA is a suitable alternative to the products currently available on the market.

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Iannuccelli, Valentina, Eleonora Maretti, Francesca Sacchetti, Marcello Romagnoli, Alessia Bellini, Eleonora Truzzi, Paola Miselli, and Eliana Leo. "Characterization of natural clays from Italian deposits with focus on elemental composition and exchange estimated by EDX analysis: potential pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses." Clays and Clay Minerals 64, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.2016.064038.

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Iannuccelli, Valentina, Eleonora Maretti, Francesca Sacchetti, Marcello Romagnoli, Alessia Bellini, Eleonora Truzzi, Paola Miselli, and Eliana Leo. "Erratum to: Characterization of natural clays from Italian deposits with focus on elemental composition and exchange estimated by EDX analysis: potential pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses." Clays and Clay Minerals 65, no. 1 (February 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03406058.

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Shaheera Amin, Aaliya Manzoor, and Fatima Farid. "The Role of Social Class on Consumer Behavior: A Study of Eco-friendly Cosmetic Products." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i1.1032.

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In the past few decades, the analysts have noticed an important change in consumers’ behavior while purchasing and picking products, especially in cosmetics. Now, when consumers purchase the product, they pay more attention to health and environment features of the product. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze Pakistani Consumers’ buying behavior towards Eco-Friendly Cosmetic products. The theory of planned behavior has been applied for better understanding of consumer behavior. Moreover, analyzed the relationship of consumers’ values on their intention to buy eco-friendly cosmetics products. It is studied that consumers’ social class has a moderating effect on consumer’s intention toward purchasing eco-friendly cosmetic products. For quantitative data collection questionnaire is constructed. For questionnaire, variable scales are adapted from literature. Convenience sampling is used for distribution of questionnaire. Data is composed from 260 respondents in Punjab, Pakistan. For analyzing the data, statistical analysis will be done by using SPSS and AMOS. All variables are significantly influence consumer intention to purchase eco-friendly cosmetics.This research suggests marketers to develop their marketing strategies and promote eco-friendly cosmetics through effective advertising.

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Hakiki, Kharisma Mawaddah, Endang Supraptiningsih, and Stephani Raihana Hamdan. "STUDI DESKRIPTIF IMPULSE BUYING PADA KOSMETIK DI KALANGAN MAHASISWI PSIKOLOGI." JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi 7, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jppp.072.04.

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Cosmetics are identical with women, influences from fellow women could encourage someone to buy cosmetics. Faculty with the majority of female students is the Faculty of Psychology with ratio of women and men reached 4: 1, found complaints to female students associated with unplanned purchase of cosmetics which is an indication of impulse buying among female students. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical data on how to desribe impulse buying on cosmetic products among female students Faculty of Psychology. The method used in this research is descriptive study. The samples in this study were 98 students of Faculty of Psychology through purposive sampling technique with student criterion of 2013-2017 class aged 18-25, who experience unplanned cosmetic purchases. Data collection techniques were carried out by distributing questionnaires derived based on the theory of impulse buying Verplanken & Herabadi (2001) and interviews as supporting data. Researcher found out of 98 female students, 69% (68 people) have high impulse buying behavior, which shows the behavior of irrational purchases by female students, which is associated with the unexpected and sudden purchase of cosmetic products, which is initiated on the spot when browsing cosmetic products so as to generate strong urge and feelings of enjoyment and the passion to buy cosmetics that are recognized through two aspects, namely cognition and affective. Researcher found factors that influence impulse buying are the marketing environment (discounts and attractive cosmetic stores), situational variables (availability of money), and personal variables (shopping with friends and in positive mood situation). It is concluded that both cognitive and affective aspects play a major role in impulse buying

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Adriani, Azmalina, and Rifa Safira. "ANALISA HIDROKUINON DALAM KRIM DOKTER SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS." Lantanida Journal 6, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/lj.v6i2.3517.

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Cosmetics is products used to enhance the appearance of face. Various kinds of cosmetic products are increasingly emerging at this time. One kind of cosmetic is whitening cream. The whitening cream contains of an active substance used to tint black spots on the skin. The active substance which often used in cosmetics is hydroquinone. Hydroquinone is a class of hard drugs whose use must be based on a doctor's prescription. The use of hydroquinone is prohibited on cosmetic preparations that are sold freely, but may be used if under the supervision of a physician 2% (BPOM, 2007). The aim of this study was to determine the existence and level of hydroquinone in whitening cream. The results of the analysis showed that samples A, B, C, D, E, F, H and I were positive for hydroquinone with percentage of hydroquinone was about 0.000168%, 0.000319%, 0.000309%, 0.001188%, 0.00392%, 0.000058%, 0.000521%, 0.000899%, whereas the G sample was not detected.

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Bechan, Kajal, and Muhammad Ehsanul Hoque. "Influence of income growth on purchasing patterns of luxury cosmetic products among Nigerian customers." Public and Municipal Finance 5, no. 4 (December 26, 2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.05(4).2016.05.

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Rapid growth of incomes in Nigeria has resulted in increased consumer spending which allowed the emergence of the new market segments, including luxury cosmetic products. Emergence of middle class along with increasing disposable income, increasing urbanization, more females entering the workplace justifies the demand for luxury cosmetics. It is a dream of any women whatever the age group to look and feel beautiful and this is why the cosmetic industry is so large, as cosmetic consumptions by its customers are growing every day. The purpose of the study is to understand the purchasing patterns of the Nigerian consumer who were luxury cosmetic users who frequented the Estee Lauder companies stores in Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 100 consumers who were selected using systematic sampling techniques. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was used to gather data from respondents. Results indicated that two thirds (66%) of the luxury cosmetic users were within the 18-35 age group. Most of the respondents in the study had a full time job and 31% of the respondents earned between 132,001 – 379,000 naira, which equates to $660 – $1897. Respondents revealed that their top three luxury cosmetic brands were MAC, Estee Lauder and Bobbie Brown. Consumers are aware of the benefits associated with luxury products, therefore, this market segment must be exploited, as it has untapped potential and opportunity. Keywords: cosmetics, luxury cosmetic market, purchasing patterns, Nigerian consumer. JEL Classification: D11, D12, L66

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Knaggs, Helen E. "Cosmeceuticals: What are they?" Biochemist 29, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02906004.

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Skincare products can be divided into cosmetics, to improve the appearance of skin, and drugs, used to treat skin diseases; drugs are distinguished as having a biological effect on living tissue. The term ‘cosmeceutical’ was first coined by a leading dermatologist by combining the words cosmetic with ‘pharmaceutical’. However, in most countries, this term is not recognized by regulatory bodies as a separate product class, thus it is not clear what type of products are considered to be cosmeceuticals.

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Arora, Gulhima. "Insights into Cosmeceuticals." Cosmoderma 1 (August 18, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/csdm_34_2021.

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A cosmetic is “intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance” while a drug is “intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, i.e. it affects the structure and function of the body.” Cosmeceuticals attempt to interface between a pure cosmetic and a drug. They are those which lie between a prescription and a non-prescription over-the-counter product. They are medical products, which are cosmetics, with functional benefits for the skin, hair, and nails. Cosmeceuticals are disease-treating and disease-modifying. Dermatologists form a unique interface between products with perceived advantages and those with proven efficacy. In an attempt to hard-sell products with minimal side effects, certain compounds may contain subtherapeutic doses of topical agents hence rendering them ineffective. On the other hand, certain products may form a useful bridge with a safety profile better than cosmetics in their class. This article reviews commonly available and evolving cosmeceuticals, their rationale, side effects, and use in dermatology practice with the aim to sensitize dermatologists about their perceived usefulness.

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VENUGOPAL, RAJESH, LINDA TOLLEFSON, FREDERICK N. HYMAN, BAB TIMBO, RONALD E. JOYCE, and KARL C. KLONTZ. "Recalls of Foods and Cosmetics by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.8.876.

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Recalls of foods and cosmetics from the marketplace are an expeditious and effective method of removing violative products, particularly those that present a danger to health. Recalls are undertaken through a cooperative effort by industry and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Foods and cosmetics recalled from the period 1 October 1991 through 30 September 1992 were reviewed to determine the kinds of products recalled and the reasons for recall. A total of 230 recalls, involving 569 foods and cosmetics, occurred during the study period. Twenty-eight percent of the recalls were designated class I, defined as a situation in which there is a reasonable probability that the use of, or exposure to, a violative product will cause serious adverse health consequences. The problems for which foods or cosmetics were most often recalled were misbranding and microbial contamination (37% and 25% of recalls, respectively). A recognized illness or injury was reported to have occurred in association with 32 food products and one cosmetic. This study indicates that recalls of foods and cosmetics are common and that various groups, including industry, consumers, state regulatory agencies, and the FDA, recognize problems leading to recall.

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Pratama, Dian Agustina, Silvi Satiakemala, and Agnes Andryani Rosiana. "L'image de la marque française dans les cosmétiques coréennes." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 3 (2019): 00016. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.43289.

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Nowadays, the cosmetic industry is developing very quickly. Many inventions occur mainly in France, but also in other parts of the world as in South Korea. It is undeniable that South Korea being the 10th largest market in the world produces varieties of cosmetic brands known worldwide. The beauty routine that is called &quot;10 steps of skin care&quot; is introduced by this country and become the new inspiration among women. This study focuses specifically on the image of the French brand in Korean cosmetics. Indeed, the brand of a cosmetic is really relevant to promote its image with partners and customers. It also associates with the culture of a country of origin. France as a country with large beauty products market influences the selection of brands in Korean cosmetics. Some Korean beauty products use French in their brands. It is considered that the superiority of the French language can enhance the value of a cosmetic brand. These brands also express the similarity between South Korea and France, the concept of natural cosmetics.

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Drobac, Jelena, Vesna Alivojvodic, Predrag Maksic, and Marina Stamenovic. "Green Face of Packaging – Sustainability Issues of the Cosmetic Industry Packaging." MATEC Web of Conferences 318 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031801022.

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Packaging is a steadily growing industry that faces many challenges as well. Ever growing consumer expectations, though competition, technological advances don’t come even close to the huge issue of sustainability within the industry. Packaging for the beauty industry is dependable on the looks more than any other with massive changes in the recent years since extensive grooming became a part both genders lifestyle today and spreading those standards across the globe. The global cosmetic packaging market was valued at USD 25.9 billion in 2018 and is expected grow 4.8% in the next 5 years flying high on the innovative package designs, increasing demand for cosmetics focused on the middle class and youth as well as e-commerce. The first stepping stone is that more than half of the materials used for the massive cosmetic industry packaging are plastics. Finding alternatives and making a shift to a greener and circular way will be a challenge in the years to come.

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Ibegbulam-Njoku, Peace N., and Chinenye C. Chijioke-Osuji. "Microbiological evaluation of cosmetics products sourced in Aba city, Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific Reports 2, no. 4 (April 25, 2016): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20161273.

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Background: Cosmetics are external preparations normally applied to human body parts mainly for beautifying, cleansing and protecting. These products are basically non-sterile but must be completely free of high-virulence microbial pathogens. Production of stable cosmetics products require integrated quality management system which consists of quality raw material, proper product formulation, hygienic design of production facilities, good production hygiene process, packaging containers and a validated preservative system. Inadequately preserved products can provide conducive environments for microorganisms especially in the tropical region. The objective of this study is to assess the microbial quality of some selected brands of cosmetics produced in the country and sold within the commercial city of Aba, Abia state of Nigeria thus to note the health hazards consumers are exposed to.Methods:Twenty brands of commercially available Cosmetic products manufactured in Nigeria were evaluated for their microbial quality using standard procedures.Results: There was no viable bacterial growth in 40% of the samples tested and no yeast growth in 65% of the samples tested. 35% of the products indicated < 300 CFU /g of samples tested. The predominant bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococci aureus. Preservative efficacy tests carried out on the products using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 showed only 30% of the products tested were adequately preserved.Conclusions:The poor microbiological quality of the preparations investigated can be attributed to either the formulation of these brands or environmental conditions during the manufacturing process. It is hoped that the training of the personnel that handle these processes will improve cosmetic products quality in Nigeria.

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Rosa, Lita. "Penilaian Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Informasi tentang Merkuri yang Ditemukan dalam Produk Kosmetik dan Potensi Risikonya bagi Kesehatan." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 944–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i3.437.

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The purpose of this study was to find out their knowledge about the mercury content which can damage health. This study used quantitative research. The data technique for our study used primary and secondary data. Researchers used categorical aggregation data analysis techniques and naturalistic generalization of case studies. The results showed that the number of ART aged 20 to 30 years with a total of 57 respondents or 73%. While the remaining 27% or as many as 21 respondents aged 31 to 40 years. Related to the respondent's level of knowledge. There are 31 ART (77.5%) who have a low level of knowledge related to cosmetics. Furthermore, respondents with high knowledge may be 9 household members (22.5%). Maid Attitudes and middle-down circles towards mermerkuri cosmetics tend to be negative. helpers and middle class and lower class who have signatures of 21 household members (52.5 percent). ART who had positive attitudes were 19 (47.5 percent). The conclusion of this study is the level of knowledge and attitudes of the relationship to information about mercury found in cosmetic products and its potential health risks. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the respondents in the survey did not seem to see the dangers of using mercury in the long term.

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Shiffman, Melvin A. "Tetanus Caused by Cosmetic Facial Clay." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 15, no. 4 (December 1998): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689801500415.

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Hubner, Alexandra, Flávia Sobreira, Alberto Vetore Neto, Claudinéia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto, Michelli Ferrera Dario, Ingrit Elida Collantes Díaz, Felipe Rebello Lourenço, Catarina Rosado, André Rolim Baby, and Elfriede Marianne Bacchi. "The Synergistic Behavior of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Winemaking Waste’s Valorization, Increased the Efficacy of a Sunscreen System." Antioxidants 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110530.

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Grape pomace retains polyphenols in the peels and in the seeds after winemaking, which is indicative of the high valorization potential of this industrial waste. There is strong evidence that phenolics are robust antioxidants and confer photoprotection; thus, it is rational to apply these active compounds from winemaking waste to sunscreens, in order to increase UV protection. Despite the importance of this class of cosmetics to public health, more efficacious strategies are still needed to overcome the problems caused by the photoinstability of some UV filters. The hydroethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L. grapes was obtained by percolation and then lyophilized. Six formulations were developed: Type I—cosmetic base and UV filters; Type II—cosmetic base and extract; and Type III—cosmetic base, extract and UV filters. Each formulation was prepared in the pHs 5 and 7. The antioxidant activities of the samples were measured by DPPH• and expressed in Trolox® equivalents (TE), and their photostability and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) were analyzed by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. The anti-radical efficiencies observed in the formulations with grape extract were: (II) 590.12 ± 0.01 μmol TE g−1 at pH 5 and 424.51 ± 0.32 μmol TE g−1 at pH 7; (III) 550.88 ± 0.00 μmol TE g−1 at pH 5 and 429.66 ± 0.10 μmol TE g−1, at pH 7, demonstrating that the UV filters, butylmethoxydibenzoyl methane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and ethylhexyl dimethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid had no influence on this effect. The photoprotective efficacy and the photostability of formulation III containing the extract and UV filters at pH 5 suggested that a synergism between the active molecules provided an 81% increase in SPF. Additionally, this was the only sample that maintained a broad spectrum of protection after irradiation. These results confirmed that the grape pomace extract has multifunctional potential for cosmetic use, mainly in sunscreens, granting them superior performance.

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Cortés, Guillermo R. Martín, Adriana A. Silva, Kleberson R. O. Pereira, Fabio José Esper, Lisiane N. L. Santana, Wildor Theodoro Hennies, and Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz. "Technology Characterization of Organo-Clays Obtained from Bentonites of the State of Paraiba." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.1124.

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The organo-clays have important industrial uses between others are: rheological additives for drilling fluids in oil bases, inks, glues, lubricants and cosmetics. At the moment and in a growing way, these materials are considered as important reinforcement fillers in the structuring of nano-composites clays/polymers. They are obtained by the smectite clay reaction with quaternary ammonium salts. In this work an organophillic clay sample prepared by a dry process at the PMT – EPUSP – Metallurgic and Materials Engineering Department of the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo, had been characterized basically by techniques of XRD, IR, Thermal Analysis, and by swell capacity of the clays in some oils and organic solvents.

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Jurgelane, Inga, Agnese Stunda-Zujeva, and Liga Berzina-Cimdina. "Stability of Suspensions and Emulsions Containing Illitic Clays." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.337.

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There are a lot of studies about colloidal stability of suspensions and emulsions containing clay minerals, but only few about illite containing clays. Due to increasing demand for eco cosmetics, research about the possibility to use natural colloidal particles (clay minerals) as stabilizers also increases. In this study illitic clays were used to investigate the stability of glycerol containing suspensions and safflower oil-in-water emulsions. Three types of clay samples were used – chemically untreated, after removal of carbonates and iron compounds. Viscosity and zeta potential of glycerol suspensions was determined. Samples with the highest viscosity were also the most stable. The removal of iron compounds significantly decreased the viscosity of suspensions and increased the zeta potential

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Ikhsan, Reza Rizki Nur, and Sukardi Sukardi. "Pengaruh Religiusitas, Sikap, Norma Subjektif, dan Kontrol Perilaku terhadap Niat Membeli Produk Kosmetik Halal di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini 11, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jiegmk.v11i1.1061.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of religiosity, attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control on the intention to buy halal cosmetic products on Muslim students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. This research is a survey research using a questionnaire as an instrument. For testing the instrument using a test of validity and reliability. As for the technique of data analysis using multiple linear regression methods, because the variables used are more than two variables, with the F test and t test. The results of the study showed that the religiosity variable (X1) did not significantly influence the intention to buy halal cosmetics, this was indicated by the significance value>α(0.24)>0.05) attitude (X2) had no significant effect on the intention to buy halal cosmetics, this is shown from the significance value>α(0.509>0.05), subjective norm (X3) does not affect the intention to buy halal cosmetics, this is indicated from the significance value>α(0,250>0.05), behavioral control (X4) influences on the interest in buying halal cosmetics, this is indicated by the significance value<α(0,000<0.05). Simultaneously the influence of religiosity, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control on the intention to buy halal cosmetic products at the Faculty of Economics and Business Ahmad Dahlan University has a significant effect on the intention to buy halal cosmetics (Y). This is evidenced by the calculation of the F test of 28,135 with a significance of 0,000.Keywords: Religiosity, Attitude, Intention, Halal Cosmetics ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh religiusitas, sikap, norma subyektif dan kontrol perilaku terhadap niat membeli produk kosmetik halal pada mahasiswi muslim di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumennya. Untuk pengujian instrumen menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Sedangkan untuk Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode regresi linier berganda, karena variabel yang digunakan lebih dari dua variabel, dengan uji F dan uji t. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel religiusitas (X1) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli kosmetik halal, hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai signifikansi>α(0,24>0,05) sikap (X2) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli kosmetik halal, hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai signifikansi>α(0,509>0,05), norma subjektif (X3) tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat beli kosmetik halal, hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai signifikansi>α(0,250)>0,05), kontrol perilaku (X4) berpengaruh terhadap minat beli kosmetik halal, hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai signifikansi<α(0,000<0,05). Secara simultan pengaruh religiusitas, sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku terhadap niat membeli produk kosmetik halal di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Ahmad Dahlan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat membeli kosmetik halal (Y). Hal ini terbukti dengan perhitungan uji F sebesar 28,135 dengan signifikansi 0,000.</div></div><img src="blob:http://ejournal.uigm.ac.id/d2905649-5db7-4cde-b6fb-18abb055c78e" alt="page1image51464640" width="101.040000" height="0.480000" /><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">Kata Kunci: Religiusitas, Sikap, Niat, Kosmetik Halal</div></div></div>

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Dass, Ervilla. "A study of clinical information of various package inserts: an approach to encourage adverse drug reaction reporting and emphasis on black box warning." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182424.

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Background: The package insert (PI) is important for providing accurate and reliable product information which is essential for the safe and effective use of medications.Methods: A total number of 115 PIs from pharmacological drug class such as antibiotics, drugs acting on central nervous system and drugs acting on endocrine system were collected from pharmacy store. Contents and presentation of the PIs was critically evaluated by comparing the information as listed in the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945.Results: The results were expressed under headings as listed in the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945. The information in the package inserts was inadequate in many aspects; for example, adverse drug reactions were not mentioned completely, information for special population and guidelines for use of the drugs also was lacking. Moreover, black box warning was seen only in few PI. For PI of antibiotics; legibility 80%, use in special populations 76.66%, undesirable effects 46.66%. For PI of CNS of legibility 60%, use in special populations 73.33%, undesirable effects 70%. For PI of endocrine system of legibility 70%, use in special populations 70%, undesirable effects 36.66%.Conclusions: The results reveal that, information relevant to the safe and effective use of medication was not mentioned in the analyzed package inserts. It is, therefore, recommended to update the existing package inserts based on criteria mentioned in the Schedule D of Drug and Cosmetic Act, 1945.

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Wasilewski, Tomasz, Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Tomasz Bujak, Edyta Szmuc, Dominik Czerwonka, Magdalena Mucha, and Katarzyna Sarna. "The Role of Solid Particles Obtained from Plant Materials in Improvement the Quality of Cosmetic Care Balms." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2313.

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Abstract The sensory properties of cosmetic emulsions are part of the basic properties of products such as face creams and body balms. They are extremely important parameters in the product evaluation by consumers. Cosmetics manufacturers are increasingly introducing ingredients in the form of solid particles (talc, bentonite, clay) into formulations to improve the sensory properties of products. Their addition simplifies the application of the emulsion on the skin, effects faster absorption and leaves a feeling of silky smoothness after application. During the work, we investigated solid particles of plant origin: powder from ground orange peel and oat grain. These ingredients were introduced into the formulation of the model body balms. The antioxidant and physicochemical properties of the obtained emulsions as well as the skin hydration after their application were evaluated. It has been shown that the introduction of solid plant particles increases the antioxidant properties of the emulsions and significantly improves emulsion stability and skin moisture after application.

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Sanchez Taylor, Jacqueline. "Fake breasts and power: Gender, class and cosmetic surgery." Women's Studies International Forum 35, no. 6 (November 2012): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2012.09.003.

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Patel, Mihir R., Ushma K. Butala, Vikram D. Chauhan, and Nirlepsinh S. Thakor. "Arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 3, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20162871.

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Background: The management of dorsal wrist ganglion ranges from benign neglect to surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to study the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion.Methods: Twenty one patients who had undergone arthroscopic dorsal wrist ganglion excision and a minimum of 3 months follow up were included. The preoperative complaint of cosmesis, pain, and duration of swelling, wrist range of motion and size of the ganglion were noted. The duration the patient took to return to a painless wrist with full range of motion was noted. Patient satisfaction with respect to cosmesis and function was noted.Results: The mean age was 23.3 years (range: 13 to 35 years). Pre-operative wrist pain was present in 17 patients and cosmesis was a complaint in 18 patients. 5 patients had a pre-operative restricted range of motion. The mean duration and size of the ganglion was 2.6 months (range: 2 to 4 months) and1.8cm (range: 1 to 3 cm) respectively. The mean duration of follow up was 14.6 months (range: 3 to 24 months). Arthroscopically, dorsal synovitis was present in 10 patients, triangular-fibro-cartilage-complex (TFCC) tear in 2 patients and chondral damage in 1 patient. The ganglion stalk was visualized in 14 patients. Complete painless wrist range of motion was obtained by 20 patients by 3 weeks post-operative. One patient had a recurrence. All the remaining patients were satisfied cosmetically and functionally with the results.Conclusions: Arthroscopic resection is an effective treatment modality for symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglion with good functional and cosmetic results.

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Nayyar, Supreet Singh, and Pawandeep Kaur. "A retrospective study comparing post-aural versus endaural approach for myringoplasty in cases of chronic otitis media." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195566.

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Background: Patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media mucosal disease with a mild degree of conductive hearing loss require myringoplasty as their treatment. Various approaches to myringoplasty are defined. The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes of the post-aural versus end aural approach for myringoplasty.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 26 patients operated over a period of one year at tertiary otorhinolaryngology center. Results: Distribution of approaches among post-aural and end aural was 11 and 15 patients respectively. Otorrhea was the presenting complaint in 65% (n=17) of patients. Preoperative mean pure-tone average (PTA) of all patients was 34.8 dBHL (range 28 to 40 dBHL) while postoperatively 3 months mean PTA was 21.63 and 25.13 dBHL for patients undergoing end aural and post-aural approaches respectively (p=0.008). The success rate in terms of no re-perforation was 76.9% overall, 81.81% for the end aural approach and 73.33% for the post-aural approach with no statistically significant difference (p=0.612). Disease-free survival, as calculated with Kaplan-Meier analysis, was 9.7 and 13.9 months respectively (p=0.807). Cosmetic outcome was analyzed using the scar cosmesis assessment and rating (SCAR) scale. Mean SCAR scale score in our series was 5.36 and 6.20 for patients with end aural and post-aural approaches respectively with no statistically significant difference.Conclusions: Both approaches, end aural and post-aural, are good approaches for the purpose of myringoplasty with no statistically significant difference between the two in terms of re-perforation rates or cosmetic outcomes. However, based on our study, the end aural approach has better hearing outcomes in terms of hearing improvement.

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TOBITANI, Kensuke, Aya SHIRAIWA, Kenji KATAHIRA, Noriko NAGATA, Kunio NIKATA, and Kaoru ARAKAWA. "Modeling of “High-Class Feeling” on a Cosmetic Package Design." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 87, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.87.134.

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Combrier, Emmanuel, and Dominique Castelli. "The Agarose Overlay Method as a Screening Approach for Ocular Irritancy: Application to Cosmetic Products." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (July 1992): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299202000310.

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The in vitro agarose overlay method was investigated as an alternative to the Draize eye irritation test for the evaluation of the ocular irritancy of cosmetic products. Modifications to the original protocol include the definition of an area of lysis (expressed as a weighty)/toxicity relationship for each product by a planimetric method and the creation of an agarose classification. 56 different cosmetic formulations, including emulsions, gels, lotions and tonics, were evaluated using this modified test, and the results were correlated with in vivo Draize data. Four different agarose classes were delimited: non-irritant; minimally irritant; mildly irritant; and irritant; corresponding respectively to the following scoring scales (x 10 4g): 0; 0 <x<200; 200≤ x <450 and ≥ 450. A high correlation between the agarose overlay method and the Draize test was observed when taking into account two classes: non-irritant (non-irritant, minimally irritant) and irritant (mildly irritant, moderately irritant [Draize] or irritant [agarose]) as shown by an 86% concordance value. In this study, the sensitivity was 92% (11–12 irritants were predicted by the agarose diffusion method) and the specificity was 84%. The overestimation error of 16% suggests that the agarose overlay method might be slightly more sensitive than the Draize eye test. When applying the kappa test, the agarose overlay method reached a 64% coefficient, attesting that the good correlation with the Draize test was not due to chance. In relation to the Landis & Koch classification, this percentage places the agarose overlay method in the “good concordance” class. Based on these results, the use of the agarose overlay method for screening the ocular irritation potential for the cosmetics industry can be considered to be a very interesting alternative to be included in a battery of tests.

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Gamoudi, S., and E. Srasra. "Characterization of Tunisian clay suitable for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications." Applied Clay Science 146 (September 2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.05.036.

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da Silva Favero, Juliana, Venina dos Santos, Valeria Weiss-Angeli, Lucas Bonan Gomes, Diego Gusmão Veras, Norberto Dani, André Sampaio Mexias, and Carlos Pérez Bergmann. "Evaluation and characterization of Melo Bentonite clay for cosmetic applications." Applied Clay Science 175 (July 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.04.004.

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Adeola, Adewole John, and Modupe Adefunmi Olaleye. "Mineralogical and Geochemical Appraisal of Clay Deposits in Papalanto and Its Environs, Southwestern, Nigeria." Earth Science Research 7, no. 1 (August 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v7n1p1.

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Three residual clay occurrences in Papalanto, Ifo, and Imoto areas which belong to the sedimentary basin of southwestern Nigeria were investigated to determine their industrial applications.The samples were pulverized, sieved, digested with mineral acids and characterized. Clay mineralogy was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Elemental compositions of the clay samples were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Grain size distribution data were obtained by conducting grain size analysis in two parts; sieve analysis and sedimentation. Thermal properties, plasticity tests, density measurement, linear shrinkage and water absorption capacity were determined to evaluate their industrial potentials. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) was calculated to determine the degree of weathering in the area.The X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolinite is the dominant mineral, while quartz, anatase and hematite are the major non clay minerals. Chemical data showed that the average values of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3were 59.46%, 22.16%, and 3.06% respectively constituting 98.3% of the bulk compositions. Papalanto possessed high plasticity and mouldability.Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristics, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage values showed that the whitish Ifo clay and Papalanto kaolinitic clays could serve as raw materials for ceramics, building bricks, and other structural wares. Kaolin which is the dominant mineral in all the clays can be used for cosmetics, tooth paste, pharmaceutical purposes

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Bondarev, A. V., and E. T. Zhilyakova. "INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICAL CLAYS FOR COSMETICS." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 2, no. 2(3) (September 11, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2014-2-2(3)-6-9.

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Morganti, Pierfrancesco, Gianluca Morganti, Alessandro Gagliardini, and Alka Lohani. "From Cosmetics to Innovative Cosmeceuticals—Non-Woven Tissues as New Biodegradable Carriers." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030065.

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Due to pollution and climate-change fear, further increased by the COVID19 pandemic, consumers are looking for body and mind health by the request of more effective and safe products, including the anti-aging skincare cosmeceuticals.. The term “cosmeceuticals” was coined in 1962 as a fusion of cosmetic and pharmaceutical to cover a new class of products able to achieve aesthetic and drug-like benefits. They not only improve the skin’s appearance, but also treat different dermatological conditions, through a physiological activity, shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. This new category of cosmetics should contain no recognized drugs, but nonetheless have medicinal value. Consumers, in fact, are looking for products able to regenerate the skin and maintain not only a youthful appearance together with well-ness and well-being, but preserving the environment also. Consequently, they are searching for cosmetics and food made with high-quality natural ingredients, packaged with biodegradable materials and realized by sustainable technologies, possibly at zero waste. Consumers, in fact, are afraid of the pollution and plastics invading lands and oceans, causing many frequent disasters on our planet. New and smart tissues and films, made by polysaccharides and natural active ingredients, are proposed as innovative cosmeceuticals. These non-woven tissues, embedded by micro/nano complexes of chitin and lignin encapsulating different active ingredients, could represent a new category of vehicles that are characterized for their high effectiveness and safeness. Moreover, they do not induce allergic nor sensitizing phenomena, being biodegradable; skin- and environmentally friendly; and free of preservatives, emulsifiers, colors, fragrances and any kind of chemicals. Last but not least, polysaccharides, chitin and lignin may be obtained from industrial and agro-forestry waste, safeguarding the natural raw materials for the future generations.

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Bochicchio, Sabrina, Annalisa Dalmoro, Veronica De Simone, Paolo Bertoncin, Gaetano Lamberti, and Anna Angela Barba. "Simil-Microfluidic Nanotechnology in Manufacturing of Liposomes as Hydrophobic Antioxidants Skin Release Systems." Cosmetics 7, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7020022.

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Novel nanotechnologies represent the most attractive and innovative tools to date exploited by cosmetic companies to improve the effectiveness of their formulations. In this context, nanoliposomes have had a great impact in topical preparations and dermocosmetics, allowing the transcutaneous penetration and absorption of several active ingredients and improving the stability of sensitive molecules. Despite the recent boom of this class of delivery systems, their industrial production is still limited by the lack of easily scalable production techniques. In this work, nanoliposomes for the topical administration of vitamin D3, K2, E, and curcumin, molecules with high antioxidant and skin curative properties but unstable and poorly absorbable, were produced through a novel simil-microfluidic technique. The developed high-yield semi continuous method is proposed as an alternative to face the problems linked with low productive conventional methods in order to produce antioxidant formulations with improved features. The novel technique has allowed to obtain a massive production of stable antioxidant vesicles of an 84–145 nm size range, negatively charged, and characterized by high loads and encapsulation efficiencies. The obtained products as well as the developed high-performance technology make the achieved formulations very interesting for potential topical applications in the cosmetics/cosmeceutical field.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cosmetic clays'

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