Academic literature on the topic 'Cosmic forces'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cosmic forces"
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Letelier, P. S. "Non-Lagrangian forces for cosmic strings." Physics Letters A 143, no. 3 (1990): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90659-c.
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Gramann, Pratibha. "Cosmic motivational psychology_gunas affect cognition." Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpcpy.2022.13.00707.
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Considerable attention by scholars and scientists has been given to the differences between science and spirituality. Yet could there be a cause or a substratum between these two subjects that is shared? Little attention has been directed to the possibility of cosmic energetics being responsible for the creation of the universe. This includes our world of time, space, forms, creatures, processes, cycles, science, humankind, ideas, and thought processes. This paper aims to delve behind the created universe, to a cosmological dimension that existed prior. During the earliest period of creation, there may have been cosmic forces responsible for first micro-organisms, processes, stages, elements, and all creation. Some peoples claim that creation was performed by a divine being or God; others claim that creation of the universe was a natural process of cosmic intelligence. Either due to a divine cosmic being orchestrating a substratum of cosmic forces, or due to a phenomenon of cosmic intelligence, the entire creation occurred. Science, philosophy, spirituality, and psychology all have interest in what exists beyond materiality. Perhaps the concept of consciousness used by scientists, the concept of transcendence used by religions, and transformation used by psychology have a common denominator for transpersonal change
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Clery, Daniel. "Mysterious radio pulses traced to dance of stellar dwarfs." Science 386, no. 6728 (2024): 1335. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adv4104.
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Wilke, Heinrich. "Character and Perspective in Cosmic Horror: Lovecraft and Kiernan." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 69, no. 2 (2020): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2021-2038.
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Abstract Despite their overt focus on inexplicable alien forces, cosmic horror stories are also determined by their human cast. Far from being merely fodder for horror, the characters significantly contribute to the generation of meaning, including that of the supernatural entity or phenomenon itself. The same holds for the narrators’ (implicitly) political perspectives on the world of which they are part. Much of the perspective propounded in Lovecraft’s cosmic horror stories partakes of myth, adopting in particular the latter’s universal view and pronounced sidelining of humanity as a whole, which it intensifies to the point of horror. Appearances to the contrary notwithstanding, this universal perspective is consistent with the racism permeating and structuring Lovecraft’s writing. Though eschewing racism and universalism, the cosmic horror of Kiernan’s “Tidal Forces” negotiates literary reflections of colonialism from an unreflective white perspective.
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Ann Goldstein, Margaret. "Human Vision, Cosmic Forces and the 21st Century Scientist." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, S1 (2017): 1116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617006249.
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Mello, E. R. Bezerra de, V. B. Bezerra, and Yu V. Grats. "Self-forces in the spacetime of multiple cosmic strings." Classical and Quantum Gravity 15, no. 7 (1998): 1915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/15/7/009.
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Strauss, R. D., J. P. van den Berg, and J. S. Rankin. "Cosmic-Ray Transport near the Sun." Astrophysical Journal 928, no. 1 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac582a.
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Abstract The strongly diverging magnetic field lines in the very inner heliosphere, through the associated magnetic focusing/mirroring forces, can, potentially, lead to highly anisotropic galactic cosmic-ray distributions close to the Sun. Using a simplified analytical approach, validated by numerical simulations, we study the behavior of the galactic cosmic-ray distribution in this newly explored region of the heliosphere and find that significant anisotropies can be expected inside 0.2 au.
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Xinghong, Wang. "A MORE ACCURATE DISCUSSION ON THE FORCES THAT CAUSE THE UNIVERSE TO EXPAND." International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research (IJAASR) 6, no. 2 (2021): 9–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5553233.
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This article makes a more accurate discussion about the forces causing the universe to expand. It shows that the sun’s average total radiation pressure force is 5.425 times larger than the sun’s total gravitational pulling force towards the entire universe. This article also shows that, for all the stars in the universe, the average total radiation pressure force should be much bigger than the total gravitational pulling forces towards the entire universe. And, it is found that cosmic ray with the same energy as electromagnetic radiation has a smaller effect than electromagnetic radiation in pushing the universe to expand. But the pushing of cosmic rays’ pressure force is still significant in further accelerating the universe’s expansion.
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Vellodi, Kamini. "Tintoretto: Cosmic Artisan." Deleuze and Guattari Studies 13, no. 2 (2019): 207–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2019.0353.
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The works of the sixteenth-century Venetian painter Jacopo Tintoretto (1518–94) present us with a radicalised idea of the cosmos that challenges both the humanist centring of the world on man and the hierarchy of divine authority that dominate the artistic traditions to which he is heir. In their place, Tintoretto confronts us with a ‘machinic’ staging of forces in which man, nature, religious figure and artificial element are integrated within an extended material plane. With this pictorial immanence, Tintoretto presents a ‘cosmic materialism’ unprecedented in Venetian painting. In this, his work gives provocative expression to Deleuze and Guattari's ontology of the artwork as ‘cosmic’ construction, and to their conception of the artist as ‘cosmic artisan’. Via readings of the art historical reception of Tintoretto's work by the art historian Arnold Hauser (1892–1978), and the artistic reception of Tintoretto's work by Paul Cézanne, I explore this expression, and attend to questions of modernity, temporality and art history as they are inflected in Deleuze and Guattari's thought.
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Cho, A. "ASTROPHYSICS: Enormous Detector Forces Rethink Of Highest Energy Cosmic Rays." Science 317, no. 5835 (2007): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5835.178.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cosmic forces"
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Medeiros, Eduardo Rafael Figueiredo. "Análise do movimento quântico de partículas relativísticas sob ação de potenciais vetoriais e escalares." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9553.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-15<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>It is presented a review on three subjects: the origin and nature of topological defects, the
non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics, and the gravitational and eletrostatic selfforces
that emerge from a conical spacetime surrounding a cosmic string. After setting up
this theoretical framework, it is studied the behavior of a charged particle in the presence of a
cosmic string, parallel to an uniform, constant magnetic field, which may be used as a model to
a primordial large-scale magnetic field that permeates the universe. The geometry of a negative
disclination is taken into account, this being a typically condensed matter physics topological
defect equivalent to a cosmic string, where a wedge of material is inserted into the lattice. We
computed exactly, the topological and electrostatic influences on the particles energy spectrum,
and the phase shift for the charged scalar particle scattered states. Switching to a flat-spacetime
context, spherically symmetric systems were studied, solving exactly, Klein-Gordon and Dirac
equations which describe a scalar particle subject to a Coulomb vector potential and scalar
central potentials.<br>Apresentamos uma revisão sobre a origem e a natureza dos defeitos topológicos, que surgem
a partir de transições de fase que podem ter ocorrido no início do processo de formação do
universo; sobre a mecânica quântica não-relativística e relativística; e sobre as auto-forças gravitacional
e eletrostática que emergem da topologia cônica do espaço-tempo gerado pela corda
cósmica. Utilizando estas ferramentas, estudamos o movimento de uma partícula carregada
na presença de uma corda cósmica, paralela a um campo magnético uniforme, de magnitude
constante, que poderia servir de modelo para um campo magnético primordial. Também consideramos
a geometria anti-cônica de uma desclinação negativa, defeito topológico análogo
à corda cósmica estudado em matéria condensada. Calculamos, exatamente, a influência da
topologia e do campo magnético no espectro de energia da partícula e encontramos o ângulo
de mudança de fase para seus estados espalhados. No espaço-tempo plano, estudamos sistemas
com simetria esférica e investigamos a dinâmica de uma partícula escalar, resolvendo,
exatamente, as equações de Klein-Gordon e Dirac, considerando potenciais centrais.
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Colleoni, Marta. "Gravitational self-force and the weak cosmic censorship." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/401825/.
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Morley, S. David. "The development of the COSMIC force field for biomolecular applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335404.
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OZHOGINA, SOFYA, RIIKKA PELLONPÄÄ, and JEKATERINA ZOTOVA. "Approaching the green market : Swedish natural and organic cosmetic industry analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17015.
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The research in natural & organic cosmetics field is particularly scant, and especially in Sweden, no research has been done on the industry of natural & organic cosmetics. In consideration of the global eco-trend and also in order to overcome this research gap, this current thesis is focused on studying Swedish natural & organic cosmetics industry, which nowadays appears to be competitive and challenging as never before. Sweden is one of the most environmentally conscious countries where the consumption of cosmetics reached 15 billion SEK in 2011. There are number of companies and brands which categorize them as natural, and continuously look for ways to attract new and keep existing customers. The increased consumer demand for natural & organic products can be observed, consumer awareness coupled with willingness to purchase products that fit their principles and values, as well as consumer price-sensitivity as a result of global recession and their pursuit of making the best value of money. The requirement of natural beauty products are increasing and are available on environmentally-conscious Swedish market. The motivation behind this study is to enhance understanding about the natural & organic cosmetics industry in Sweden, and take a deeper look by over viewing some companies which are presented on this market. Understanding the industry structure is particularly important. Modified Porter’s five forces model has been used in this thesis in order to make the industry analysis.
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Fernández, Núñez Isabel. "Wave propagation in metamaterials mimicking spacetime geometry: black holes and cosmic strings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663393.
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In physics, it is common to find different phenomena being described by similar equations. A good analogy can make us look at a problem from a different point of view. In that way, ideas may be transferred from one field of science to another, allowing to model new phenomena after previous, well-studied ones. In the case of the field of analogue gravity, systems that mimic certain aspects of the physics of curved spacetimes are studied. In this thesis, we are interested in the analogy between geometry and media. It has been known for several decades that light propagation in a gravitational field is formally equivalent to that in a bianisotropic medium. On the one hand, ray paths are bent due to spacetime curvature. On the other hand, spatial variations of the permittivity and permeability of a material can make light follow curved trajectories. These two phenomena can be related mathematically in the context of transformation optics, which provides the tools to determine the medium parameters necessary to mimic a certain coordinate transformation.
Materials with these specific properties are not naturally occurring, therefore, the emergence of metamaterial science at the beginning of the century was needed to realize them. Metamaterials are artificial composite materials with sub-wavelength constitutive elements that exhibit exotic properties. They have been one of the hot topics of the past years given the variety of opportunities they offer: negative refraction, superlenses, indefinite dispersion, invisibility, among many others.
In this thesis we study the analogues of two static spacetimes from the point of view of transformation optics: one with spherical symmetry and one with conical geometry. Both cases are inspired by solutions to Einstein’s equations: the Schwarzschild black hole and the cosmic string, respectively. For each case, we derive the permittivity and permeability of the analogous material using Plebanski’s formulation of the electromagnetic constitutive equations. We solve numerically the wave equation in the metamaterial and compare the results with analytical theories.
We find that the spherically symmetric spacetime can be mimicked by either an anisotropic or isotropic medium due to its rotational symmetries. This is achieved by performing a coordinate transformation of the general metric to a conformally flat form. We obtain the medium parameters for both cases and apply the results to the case of the Schwarzschild black hole. We simulate the propagation of a Gaussian beam in the two materials and compare the numerical results with the null-geodesics in the Schwarzschild spacetime, finding a good agreement.
The cosmic string is an example of a topological defect with conical geometry. A conical space can be interpreted as flat space with a wedge removed. We make use of this transformation to study the wave equation in the cosmic string background. We apply asymptotic diffraction theories to obtain analytical models that describe wave propagation of electromagnetic or gravitational waves (in a certain gauge). We find that our expressions reproduce accurately the results of the numerical simulations in the analogous metamaterial. Moreover, with our models, we can understand the observed diffraction pattern as the interference of four characteristic waves. With this interpretation we can introduce the Fresnel observation zones, which are related to the diffraction maxima. They help localize the regions – in either space or frequency – where the wave effects are more significant. In fact, in the diffraction by a non-compact object such as the cosmic string, we find that the contribution to the field of wave effects such as interference or diffraction can be of the same order as the geometrical optics terms. Furthermore, the conical topology also appears in condensed matter systems as disclinations or wedge dislocations, therefore we expect our results to be applicable in those systems as well.<br>La investigación en gravitación análoga consiste en el estudio de sistemas físicos donde se pueden reproducir algunos de los fenómenos propios de relatividad general. Esta tesis se centra en la conocida propagación análoga de las ondas electromagnéticas en un espacio-tiempo curvado y en un medio con una permitividad y permeabilidad generalmente anisótropas. Para la realización de este tipo de medios, fue necesaria la aparición de los metamateriales, materiales artificiales diseñados para tener propiedades electromagnéticas fuera de lo común. En este contexto, se estudian modelos análogos a dos objetos estáticos con distinta simetría: uno con simetría esférica y otro con topología cónica. Ambos casos están motivados por soluciones a las ecuaciones de Einstein: el agujero negro de Schwarzschild y la cuerda cósmica, respectivamente. A través de las ecuaciones de óptica de transformación, determinamos los parámetros de los medios análogos a estos espacio-tiempos. Estudiamos la propagación de ondas electromagnéticas en los materiales obtenidos mediante simulaciones numéricas y comparamos los resultados con teorías analíticas, encontrando muy buen acuerdo. Por un lado, los contrastamos con las geodésicas en los espacio-tiempos considerados a través del formalismo Hamiltoniano. Por otro lado, desarrollamos modelos analíticos para describir la difracción de una onda (en principio tanto electromagnética como gravitatoria) debido a la cuerda cósmica. Para ello, usamos teorías asintóticas de difracción en un espacio virtual plano con un déficit de ángulo, ya que es una representación equivalente a la geometría cónica de la cuerda. De este modo, se obtienen expresiones que nos permiten explicar detalladamente los fenómenos ondulatorios de interferencia y difracción que se producen en este espacio-tiempo. Observamos que estos efectos pueden ser comparables a los términos de óptica geométrica: añaden una modulación en la amplificación del campo relacionada con la formación de imágenes dobles propia de la topología de la cuerda. Cabe destacar que estos fenómenos son conceptualmente distintos a los que se podrían esperar en la difracción sobre un objeto sólido como una barra. Utilizando nuestros modelos analíticos, obtenemos el patrón de difracción característico de la cuerda cósmica, que podría ser de interés para su detección.
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Dourar, Karima. "Femmes et cosmésis : formes et évolution d’une mise en ordre de soi (VIIIème – Ier siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3114.
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En miroir avec les débats actuels sur l’apparence féminine et son contrôle par les agents publics, les mêmes questions et préoccupations se posaient dans la Grèce antique, et tout particulièrement concernant la parure extérieure. En effet, la femme durant l’antiquité exerçait – elle une quelconque maîtrise sur sa façon de se parer ? L’apparence extérieure des femmes dépendait – elle d’une volonté personnelle ou était – elle influencée et contrôlée par les membres de la cité ? Comment les sources antiques percevaient- elles la maîtrise des parures par la femme ? Quels termes renvoyaient aux gestes de mise en ordre ? Qui étaient les différents intervenants ? Quelles techniques étaient utilisées ? À quels outils faisaient– elles appel ? Les gestes et les parures du corps, agencés de manière volontaire ou contrainte, sont des objets à voir et à analyser pour l’historien. Les parures intègrent un individu dans un groupe comme elles peuvent le dévaloriser<br>Mirrored with current debates on female appearance and control by public officials, the same questions and concerns arose in ancient Greece. Indeed, women in ancient times exercised - it any control over the way she dress? The appearance of women depended on - it of a personal desire or was - she influenced and controlled by members of the city? HWhat terms sent back to the ordering of gestures? What techniques were used? Gestures and adornment of the body, or voluntary restraint so arranged, are objects to see and analyze the historian. The ornaments include an individual in a group as they can devalue
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Doux, Cyrille. "Combinaisons de sondes cosmologiques : deux applications avec les données de Planck et SDSS-III/BOSS." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC230/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux combinaisons d’observables cosmologiques provenant des mesures du fond diffus cosmologique et des relevés de galaxies, et est basée sur l’exploitation des données du satellite Planck et du Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) du Sloan Digital Sky Survey. On explore l’utilisation de corrélations croisées entre les jeux de données afin de mettre en évidence de nouveaux effets et d’améliorer les contraintes statistiques sur les paramètres cosmologiques. Dans un premier temps, on mesure pour la première fois une corrélation entre le lentillage gravitationnel du fond diffus cosmologique et le spectre de puissance des fluctuations de la forêt Lyman-α des quasars. Cet effet, d’origine purement non-linéaire, est interprété comme la réponse du spectre de puissance à des grandes échelles. Il montre comment les fluctuations dans la densité en hydrogène neutre dans le milieu intergalactique sont influencées par des fluctuations à grande échelle dans la densité de matière noire. Le signal mesuré est compatible avec l’approche théorique et des simulations menées par d’autres groupes. Dans un deuxième temps, on développe un formalisme permettant une analyse conjointe de la densité de galaxies et de quasars de BOSS avec le lentillage gravitationnel du fond diffus cosmologique. La prise en compte des corrélations croisées entre ces sondes permet de diminuer les barres d’erreurs de certains paramètres cosmologiques de 20%, ce qui équivaut à augmenter la surface couverte par les relevés de presque 50%. Cette analyse est complétée par la mesure des anisotropies de température du fond diffus cosmologique afin de contraindre tous les paramètres du modèle standard ΛCDM, ainsi que les biais des galaxies. Puis on étend le modèle afin d’explorer les contraintes sur l’équation d’état de l’énergie noire et la somme des masses des neutrinos<br>This thesis addresses the combinations of cosmological probes from the measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and galaxy redshift surveys, and exploits data from the Planck satellite and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It explores how cross-correlations between different data sets can be used to detect new signals and improve contraints on cosmological parameters. First, we measure, for the first time, the cross-correlation between gravitational lensing of the CMB and the power spectrum of the Lyman-α forest in the spectra of quasars. This effect, which emerges from purely non-linear evolution, is interpreted as the response of the power spectrum to large-scale modes. It shows how fluctuations in the density of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium are affected by large-scale fluctuations in the density of dark matter. The measured signal is compatible with the theoretical approach and simulations run by another group. In a second time, we develop a formalism enabling the joint analysis of the galaxy/quasar density contrast and CMB lensing. Taking cross-correlations between these probes into account reduces error bars on some cosmological parameters by up to 20%, equivalent to an increase in the size of the survey of about 50%. This analysis is completed by CMB temperature anisotropies information in order to constrain all the parameters of the ΛCDM standard model and galaxy biases at once. Finally, it is extended to obtain contraints on the dark energy equation of state as well as the sum of the masses of neutrinos
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Kilensele, Muwele Thérèse. "Limites des stratégies de conservation forestière en République Démocratique du Congo, cas de la réserve de Luki." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209069.
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Cette étude offre une vision de la conservation par zonage des écosystèmes forestiers en République Démocratique du Congo, plus précisément dans la réserve de Luki, en province de Bas Congo. L'équilibre entre les besoins des populations locales et les objectifs de conservation est reconnu aujourd'hui comme l'un des principaux défis du domaine de la conservation. Les acteurs de conservation tentent actuellement de concilier les objectifs de conservation et de développement à travers de « projets de conservation intégrés ».<p>L'objectif de notre étude est de mener une réflexion sur les problèmes rencontrés par les gestionnaires d’une aire protégée dans la mise en œuvre de la stratégie de conservation par zonage.<p>Nous avons d'abord travaillé sur l’identification des modes d'appropriation et de gestion des terres, avant et après l'implantation de l'aire protégée. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse des modalités de prise en compte des structures endogènes dans la mise en œuvre des stratégies de conservation appliquées. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené des entretiens avec des personnes ressources, des acteurs au sein des populations locales, des personnes choisies en fonction de la représentativité qu’elles incarnent. Les résultats de ces entretiens ont été couplés aux relevés de terrain réalisés dans le but de cartographier les parcours de déplacement des populations en identifiant les éléments humains d'occupation de l'espace.<p>Nous avons ainsi identifié et cartographié l'état de la réserve de Luki en termes de surfaces exploitées avant et après l'implantation de l'aire protégée. Ce travail nous a conduit à découvrir les inconforts fonciers subis par les populations lors de l'implantation de l'aire protégée. Des situations d’inconfort le plus souvent ignorées par les acteurs de conservation.<p>Après l’étude sur les modes d'appropriation et de gestion des terres, l’analyse des modalités de prise en compte des structures endogènes et la cartographie des espaces exploités, nous avons poursuivi la recherche par l’examen des effets du zonage sur le développement et sur la conservation. L'évaluation des effets du zonage sur le développement a été faite sur base des données socio-économiques relatives aux activités introduites par les projets. L'évaluation des effets du zonage sur la conservation a été faite grâce au logiciel Envi 4.6, par l'analyse de trois images satellites. Ces observations ont été mises en parallèle avec les résultats des entretiens et des enquêtes par questionnaires effectués auprès des populations de la réserve. Les entretiens ont porté sur la carbonisation du bois et sur la chasse du gibier, deux activités que nous avons jugées destructrices de la réserve.<p>Les résultats de nos enquêtes montrent que les structures endogènes de gestion de la terre n’ont pas été impliquées, ni dans la création de la réserve, ni dans la mise en œuvre du zonage. Il existe pourtant un comité de concertation avec un représentant de la population, mais celui-ci n’est pas représentatif de l’ensemble des lignages. Les éléments qui caractérisent l’occupation de l’espace par les populations avant la création de la réserve n’ont pas non plus été pris en compte. Dans un tel contexte, les objectifs de conservation sont difficiles atteints à cause du manque d’appropriation du zonage par les acteurs locaux. Le zonage est motivé par la conservation et la conformité au modèle de réserve de la biosphère, le souci de développement socioéconomique restant secondaire. Le premier zonage réalisé en 1937 a initié des pratiques de gestion favorables à la conservation forestière, mais les effets socioéconomiques qui en ont découlé, ont contribué à accélérer la dégradation de la forêt. Le nouveau zonage effectué en 2004 n’a pas davantage permis de maîtriser la dégradation qui s’accélère encore.<p>L’étude débouche sur de suggestions permettant aux aménagistes de prendre en compte les besoins des populations locales avant tout intervention d'aménagement.<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Hee, Sonke. "Computational Bayesian techniques applied to cosmology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273346.
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This thesis presents work around 3 themes: dark energy, gravitational waves and Bayesian inference. Both dark energy and gravitational wave physics are not yet well constrained. They present interesting challenges for Bayesian inference, which attempts to quantify our knowledge of the universe given our astrophysical data. A dark energy equation of state reconstruction analysis finds that the data favours the vacuum dark energy equation of state $w {=} -1$ model. Deviations from vacuum dark energy are shown to favour the super-negative ‘phantom’ dark energy regime of $w {< } -1$, but at low statistical significance. The constraining power of various datasets is quantified, finding that data constraints peak around redshift $z = 0.2$ due to baryonic acoustic oscillation and supernovae data constraints, whilst cosmic microwave background radiation and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest constraints are less significant. Specific models with a conformal time symmetry in the Friedmann equation and with an additional dark energy component are tested and shown to be competitive to the vacuum dark energy model by Bayesian model selection analysis: that they are not ruled out is believed to be largely due to poor data quality for deciding between existing models. Recent detections of gravitational waves by the LIGO collaboration enable the first gravitational wave tests of general relativity. An existing test in the literature is used and sped up significantly by a novel method developed in this thesis. The test computes posterior odds ratios, and the new method is shown to compute these accurately and efficiently. Compared to computing evidences, the method presented provides an approximate 100 times reduction in the number of likelihood calculations required to compute evidences at a given accuracy. Further testing may identify a significant advance in Bayesian model selection using nested sampling, as the method is completely general and straightforward to implement. We note that efficiency gains are not guaranteed and may be problem specific: further research is needed.
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Medeiros, Mariana Vieira da Silva e. Vaz de. "Exploration of the hair combing forces resulting from different cosmetic treatments." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/43338.
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019<br>O cabelo é um dos aspetos mais importantes do ser humano devido às suas características fisiológicas, culturais, psicológicas e estéticas. O cabelo é sujeito a diversos cuidados, incluindo a lavagem, o pentear, a escovagem, a secagem, a modelagem e os tratamentos químicos e físicos. Naturalmente, os cabelos ficam danificados, especialmente se não for feita uma rotina de cuidados capilares adequada. Ao pentear, uma das técnicas de cuidado realizadas diariamente, é importante avaliar se novos produtos podem facilitar este processo, evitando a quebra dos fios de cabelo. Neste trabalho foram estudadas as forças necessárias para pentear os fios de cabelo. Inicialmente avaliou-se qual seria a força necessária para manter uma velocidade constante do pente de 40mm/s. Ao ser aplicada mais força, esta demonstrava que o pente encontrava mais nós ou nós mais fortes, inviabilizando o pentear. Foram realizadas experiências em cabelo seco e molhado para determinar se o inchaço dos fios capilares, com os tratamentos utilizados, teria influência no processo de pentear. Para além destes ensaios, foram aplicados nos cabelos tratamentos com várias substâncias, nomeadamente o ácido málico e um péptido. O uso de um alfa-hidroxiácido, ácido málico, foi aplicado em cabelos virgens, cabelos que não foram submetidos a nenhum tratamento químico permanente e em cabelos descolorados. Para além disto, num segundo ciclo de testes, foi adicionado um péptido para verificar se a interação com o ácido málico beneficiaria ou prejudicaria a ação do ácido málico isoladamente. Os resultados demonstram que geralmente se aplica mais força ao processo de pentear, mostrando que o uso dos tratamentos não facilitou o processo de pentear. Além disto, foi também estudada a força de tensão e extensão dos cabelos virgens e descolorados. Para isto, os fios capilares molhados foram colocados em molduras com cortes longitudinais para permitir a extensão do fio capilar até ao ponto de rutura. Foi possível observar um aumento significativo da extensibilidade nos cabelos virgens e descolorados, enquanto que os dados da força de tensão foram inconclusivos. Este tema necessita de ser mais aprofundado no futuro, dado que o número de amostras foi reduzido e as amostras testadas eram de apenas cabelos caucasóides, sendo importante aumentar o número de amostras testadas e os tipos de cabelos testados.<br>Hair is one of the most important aspects of the human being due to its physiological, cultural, psychological and aesthetically characteristics. Hair is subjected to grooming, including washing, combing, brushing, drying, styling, chemical and physical treatments. Naturally, hair will become more damaged especially if not appropriate hair care routine is made. Being combing one of the most grooming techniques done daily, it is important to assess if new hair care products can facilitate the combing experience, avoiding hair breakage. In the combing experience, it was studied what force would be necessary to apply in order to keep a constant velocity of 40mm/s. If more force was applied, it explained that the comb encountered either more tangles or stronger tangles, thus the hair was not easier to comb. Experiments were conducted in both dry and wet conditions to determine if the hair swelling, carrying the treatments applied, would play a crucial role. It was analysed the use of an alpha hydroxy acid, Malic Acid, on both virgin hair, hair that was not subjected to any permanent chemical treatment, and bleached hair. Also, in a second cycle of testing, a peptide was added in order to see if the interaction with the Malic Acid would benefit or impair the action of Malic Acid alone. The results showcase that more force for the combing process was generally applied, pointing out that the use of the treatments did not ease the combing process. Furthermore, it was studied the tensile strength and extensibility of the virgin and bleached hair. For this, hair fibres were placed in cases with longitudinal cuts to allow the extensibility of the hair fibre until the breakage point, under wet condition. It was possible to see a significant increase of the extensibility in both virgin and bleached hair whilst the tensile force data was inconclusive. The topic needs to be further developed in the future since the number of samples was small. Also, as all tested tresses were Caucasoid hair, it is important to increase both the number of tested hair tresses and the types of hair tested.<br>University of the Arts London - London College of Fashion
Books on the topic "Cosmic forces"
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Dominguez, Cesáreo A. Cosmic forces and their unification. University of Cape Town, 1989.
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Hamilton, William F. Cosmic top secret: America's secret UFO program. Inner Light Publications, 1991.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Transcendentalism Overturned: From Absolute Power of Consciousness Until the Forces of Cosmic Architectonics. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.
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Jirsch, Anne. Cosmic energy: How to harness the invisible power around you to transform your life. Llewellyn Publications, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cosmic forces"
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Taube, M. "Matter and Energy. The Interplay of Elementary Particles and Elementary Forces." In Evolution of Matter and Energy on a Cosmic and Planetary Scale. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95453-5_1.
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d'Alfonso, Lorenzo, and Nathan Lovejoy. "Rulership and the Gods: The Role of Cultic Institutions in the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Anatolia and Northern Syria." In Studia Asiana. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0042-4.11.
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This paper aims to demonstrate that cults and cultic institutions are a crucial element for understanding the processes producing different regional outcomes after the fall of the Hittite empire. In this paper, cults are understood as normative cosmic forces defining tempo and worldview of ancient societies. Cultic institutions can be identified as physical spaces defined by purity, charged with real and symbolic value, and led by specialists whose competence is recognised by the community. Instead of being a by-product of political complexity, they are a driving force behind the power dynamics because they are perceived as such in a bottom-up perspective, but also often by main political actors in search of legitimation of their power. This paper examines the interconnections between cultic and political institutions in the territory under the Hittite empire and in the same space after the empire’s demise. We aim to distinguish between processes of resilience, reorganisation, and transformation as they occurred in particular micro-regions previously controlled by the empire, including the Upper Euphrates, South-Central Anatolia, North-Central Anatolia, Cilicia, and the Northern Levant; this will demonstrate both the importance of such a micro-regionally defined study, as well as the shared coincidence of cultic and political institutional change. It will become evident that cultic continuity coincided with the resilience of political institutions, and changes in the cultic landscape corresponded to political reorganisations or transformations in post-Hittite Anatolia and north Syria.
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Kaibach, Bettina. "The Satanic Cosmic Force." In Tracing the Atom. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246893-8.
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Sciscione, Anthony. "Symptomatic Horror." In Leper Creativity. punctum books, 2012. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0017.1.08.
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Symptomatic horror describes works that attempt to encounter the radically non-human without recourse to ontological presence and positive conceptualiza-tion, instead channeling the incompatible agency through its effects on the landscape and representing it in the text primarily with reference to the discursive and hermeneutic gaps it occasions. In H.P. Lovecraft’s “The Colour Out of Space,” a classic work of this sort, a constitutionally-indeterminate extraterrestrial agency deposited by a meteorite infiltrates a local bio-physical milieu and reengineers it in accordance with its alien molecular agenda. At the same time, the agency occupies a liminal dimension with regard to phenomenal (extensive) space by nesting in the inter-stice between object and quality and also suggesting itself just beyond the borders of perception by sounds sensed only at “moments where consciousness [seems] to half slip away.” The habits of “stealthy listening” and obsessive nocturnal watching the Gard-ners develop thus increase its phenomenal availabil-ity, making paranoia a ‘schizotrategic’ mode of drawing victims toward it at “the outer limits of de-mon and system” where, to borrow from Deleuze-Guattari, “the interior forces of earth [and] the exterior forces of chaos...clasp and are wed in a battle whose only criterion and stakes is the earth.” The “xeno-agent” or radical outsider never appears as a discrete entity or individuated substance beyond vague indica-tions of motion and fog, but is revealed only nebulous-ly on the ground (the superficial or visible outside) through symptoms of transmutation and madness. In cosmic horror fiction, radical exteriority tends to re-flect some abyss in cognitive apprehension, a chasm or disjuncture between person and world widened by our profound vulnerability in an aleatory, unfavorable cosmos. The shadow of what we don’t know becomes an alterior horror that knows all, that stares back through mist with myriad eyes or takes advantage of solidity’s dependence on void to wriggle out the eye-holes of anthropocentrism. In this paper I will explore symptomatic horror in Lovecraft’s tale through Negar-estani’s “( )hole-complex,” understood as a “machine” by which the xeno-agent as “avatar of absolute exteri-ority” infiltrates the interior of a system and opens it up to the outside (the unhuman) via derangement and disintegration, making what once thrived a dusty sig-nature of human impotence in a world that, the more it opens up to us, the more horrifyingly weird it be-comes.
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Karel Velan, A. "Cosmology—Particles and Forces." In The Multi-Universe Cosmos. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6030-8_1.
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Karel Velan, A. "Unification of the Four Forces." In The Multi-Universe Cosmos. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6030-8_12.
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Brestenský, J., S. Ševčík, and L. Rosenberg. "Mean Electromotive Force Due to Magnetoconvection in Rotating Horizontal Layer in Dependence on Boundary Conditions." In The Cosmic Dynamo. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0772-3_85.
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Karel Velan, A. "The Weak Nuclear Force." In The Multi-Universe Cosmos. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6030-8_9.
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Mandolini, Clara. "Life Powerful Force Between Virtuality and Enactment." In Phenomenology/Ontopoiesis Retrieving Geo-cosmic Horizons of Antiquity. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1691-9_51.
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Karel Velan, A. "Quantum Chromodynamics, the Strong Nuclear Force." In The Multi-Universe Cosmos. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6030-8_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cosmic forces"
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Spicer, Colton, John Wegand, Cameron Miller, Sumathi Gulati, James Tagert, and Bruce N. Nelson. "Development and Assessment of Environmentally-Friendly Corrosion Stain Remover for Navy Topside Coatings." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09488.
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Abstract The presence of rust staining on surface ship topside and freeboard areas has been a continuing cosmetic problem for the U.S. Naval Fleet. In an effort to maintain the appearance of a well maintained ship, the U.S. Navy is estimated to expend more than $1.0M annually on silicone alkyd topside coatings, governed by Navy specification MIL-PRF-24635, purely for cosmetic over-coating purposes.1 With the introduction of polysiloxane topside coatings, cleaning becomes a viable and more cost effective alternative to aesthetic re-coating due to polysiloxane’s cleanability, toughness, superior color retention, gloss retention, and service life compared to the current silicone alkyd coatings. An effort was executed, to leverage the inherent benefits of polysiloxane coatings, to investigate, to assess or develop, and to implement an effective corrosion stain remover in the Navy with the focus of reducing both maintenance costs and time. Novel evaluation techniques were developed to accurately detect and quantify the performance of stain removers on polysiloxane coatings in both laboratory and shipboard tests. Lessons learned during field demonstrations were used to create, develop, and implement polysiloxane cleaning processes for Ship’s Force to follow with assistance from the U.S. Navy Corrosion Control Assistance Team. Recent shipboard demonstrations have proven that significant cost avoidance can be realized through a reduction in maintenance time, annual maintenance costs, topside weight, and hazardous waste. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) intends to reduce the impact on maintenance by eliminating and overcoming the cosmetic overcoat paradigm through this effort, allowing the Navy to realize the projected extended service life from the polysiloxane topside coatings.
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Simpson, Theresa C., Jay D. Hoffman, Laura Soreide, and David H. Meyer. "Corrosion Performance of Tailor Welded Blanks." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98745.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corrosion performance of tailor welded blanks as a function of the type of weld. Cosmetic and perforation corrosion resistance of coated sheet products containing mash-seam and laser welds were evaluated using the GM9540P-Method B and SAE J2334 laboratory corrosion tests. Materials were tested in a variety of formed conditions and as flat panels to enable comparison of the effects of forming on the painted corrosion performance. Primary conclusions from the study are as follows: The weld zone is much wider in mash-seam welded blanks than in laser welded blanks. Both mash-seam and laser welded blanks accept a phosphate within the weld zone, although some damage to that phosphate is apparent. Laser welded blanks of galvannealed material had superior red rust resistance compared to mash-seam welded blanks. Mash-seam welded blanks (max. 15mm) have poorer scribe creep resistance than laser welded blanks (max. 2-5mm). Both mash-seam and laser welded materials had slightly poorer pitting resistance than controls that did not contain a weld. Forming did not seem to play a major role in the extent of cosmetic corrosion for equivalent test times. Minor differences in scribe creep resistance occurred that could have been related to forming prior to testing, but major differences were not observed.
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McMillan, Chris. "Red Means Go, Polysiloxane Technology on the Roosevelt Island Bridge." In SSPC 2011. SSPC, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2011-00050.
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Abstract Coating technologies for bridges has not changed much since 1977. Available finish coat technologies were limited to alkyd, acrylic, or urethane based chemistry. Performance of these chemistries has declined over the years due to cost reduction in paint to meet project pricing requirements. Bridge owners and engineers have had a limited selection of high performance coatings to protect their assets. This is even more important with high profile structures where the finish coat needs to stand the test of time and limited maintenance funding has forced asset owners to extend time in between cosmetic maintenance. One such project is the Roosevelt Island Bridge. The Roosevelt Island Bridge, owned by the New York City DOT, is a lift bridge spanning the East Channel of the East River. With 170 foot towers and deep cool red color the Roosevelt is easily visible from the Manhattan skyline and required an ultra durable finish coat.
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Simpson, Mark W., Willem B. van der Linde, Duncan C. McCune, and Herbert E. Townsend. "License-Plate Cosmetic Corrosion Tests of Automotive Coated Steel Sheet." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98553.
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Abstract A new, standard laboratory test (SAE J2334) for evaluation of the cosmetic corrosion resistance of autobody steel sheet has been developed through the joint efforts of SAE’s Automotive Corrosion Prevention Committee (SAE/ACAP) and the Auto/Steel Partnership’s (A/SP) Corrosion Task Force. Results from this test have been shown to give an excellent correlation with those of on-vehicle tests conducted for five years in Canada at St. John’s, Newfoundland and Montreal, Quebec. To determine how results of the Canadian tests relate to environments in the US, racks of identical materials were mounted on the front license-plate brackets of cars driven in various locations in the US snowbelt including Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Detroit, Michigan, and Chardon, Ohio. After four-to-five years, these tests show that the US environments produce less scribe creep and more red rust than those conducted in Canada. Similar rankings are obtained for the scribe creep resistance of the various coated steel sheet products when compared at equivalent amounts of corrosion. However, the ranking of materials changes at longer exposure times in Canada, and for that reason, it is concluded that the five-year Canadian results that were used in the development of the SAE J2334 test provide a better real-world performance standard.
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Massinon, D., and D. Thierry. "Rate Controlling Factors in the Cosmetic Corrosion of Coated Steels." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91574.
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Abstract Cosmetic corrosion can usually be distinguished from perforating corrosion by the fact that the later occurs from the inside of the car body whereas the former occurs from the outside. Both initiate from local defects in the paint generated by chips or mechanical damage caused to the paint. However, the thickness and nature of the paint film are completely different from one side to the other. Also, it has been shown that a difference in film thickness can generate two types of corrosion mechanisms. It is likely that the kinetics of the degradation process are depending upon the presence of water at the interface and the oxygen diffusion in the paint. We have shown that unexpected galvanic couplings could be generated at the surface of a zinc coated steel sheet provided there was enough oxygen in the confined environment that was created. In particular, a cathodic reaction is susceptible to occur, in such case, on a zinc electrode. Such phenomenon can be explained by the nature of the corrosion products and their electrochemical properties. We have attempted to monitor the galvanic currents between those corrosion products in a confined cell and to measure the changes in pH as a function of time and oxygen concentration. Also, we have investigated the properties of the paint with respect to oxygen and water vapor diffusion/transportation. To this aim, free films of cataphoretic paint have been prepared. Water vapor as well as oxygen permeation have been measured in a specially designed cell. It appears from our measurements that oxygen and water vapor are able to diffuse at rates significantly higher than in conventional two components epoxy paints. AC impedance measurements have been carried out on free films of cataphoresis and have proved to be a very useful technique to study these type of systems.
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Hosokawa, Fuki, Tomoki Nakamura, Keiichiro Kagawa, Kiyotaka Sasagawa, Jun Ohta, and Tomoya Nakamura. "Design and Fabrication of Self-Coded CMOS Image Sensor for Compact Omnidirectional Lensless Cameras." In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cosi.2024.cf1a.5.
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Gramann, Pratibha. "The Impact of Cosmic Forces on Human Mind." In DIALOGO-CONF 2019. Dialogo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/dialogo.2019.6.1.32.
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Cinar, Yildirim. "Prevalence of Magnetic Field Forces and Universal Symmetry of Nature." In THE EMERGENCE OF COSMIC STRUCTURE: Thirteenth Astrophysics Conference. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1581815.
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Magazzù, A., R. Gillibert, D. Bronte Ciriza, et al. "Optical and Raman tweezers for the manipulation and characterization of cosmic dust and sea microplastics." In Optical Manipulation and Its Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oma.2023.aw3d.4.
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We use optical and Raman Tweezers to manipulate micro and nano-plastics and individual cosmic dust particles. We identify their compositions and shapes studying their response to optical forces, enabling a better understanding of the plastics fragmentation processes in sea environment and the effects of light on single grains of cosmic dust.
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Yin, Mei. "How Did Humans, Animals and Plants Originate?" In 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120410.
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With black hole explosion under incredibly high temperatures leading to cosmic information billions of years ago, all matters had been in gaseous phase. With temperature dropping, under atomic attractive forces, adjacent atoms which made up gases attracted each other and formed a variety of big, small or tiny gaseous lumps. With the temperature persistently dropping, the tiny gaseous lump became colder and contracted and got smaller and turned into one in liquid state and subsequently in solid state according to the principle of expanding when heated and contracting when cooled in general cases. Gradually it developed and formed a human- or animal-like fetus or a plant-like seed. If it had the same compositions as a human, cow or sunflower, the human, the cow or the sunflower formed. Similar cases happened to other humans, animals and plants. Humans neither evolved from apes nor shared a common ancestor with apes.
Reports on the topic "Cosmic forces"
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Caldwell, R. R., and E. Gates. Constraints on cosmic strings due to black holes formed from collapsed cosmic string loops. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172073.
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Butterweck, Gernot, Alberto Stabilini, Benno Bucher, et al. Aeroradiometric measurements in the framework of the Swiss Exercise ARM22. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:51194.
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The flights of the civil (ARM22c) and military (ARM22m) parts of the exercise were performed between June 13th and 17th and between September 5th and September 9th, respectively. Both parts of the exercise included the measurement of altitude profiles. Two profiles were measured during ARM22c over Lake Thun and one profile during ARM22m over Lake Neuchâtel with sufficient altitude range to determine the slope of the altitude-dependent cosmic correction. The altitude profile over Lake Neuchâtel showed a clear deviation from the expected profile, suggesting a massive influence of airborne radon progeny on the result. According to the alternating schedule of the annual ARM exercises, the environs of the nuclear power plants Beznau (KKB) and Leibstadt (KKL), the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the intermediate storage facility (ZWILAG) were surveyed with an extension of the measuring area into German territory, following a request of German authorities. The site of the former Lucens reactor was measured and found unobtrusive in the measured data. Background flights were performed over several Swiss cities, regions and valleys. Besides attenuation effects of water bodies, variations of natural radionuclide content could be observed. Remains of the Chernobyl deposition were detected near the French border and in southern Switzerland.
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Dobrescu, Bogdan A., and Don Lincoln. Mystery of the hidden cosmos: The invisible dark matter particles that dominate the universe may come in strange and varied forms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1235042.
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Flaishman, Moshe, Herb Aldwinckle, Shulamit Manulis, and Mickael Malnoy. Efficient screening of antibacterial genes by juvenile phase free technology for developing resistance to fire blight in pear and apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613881.bard.
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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: Produce juvenile-free pear and apple plants and examine their sensitivity to E. amylovora; Design novel vectors, for antibacterial proteins and promoters expression, combined with the antisense TFL1 gene, and transformation of Spadona pear in Israel and Galaxy apple in USA. The original objectives were revised from the development of novel vectors with antibacterial proteins combined with the TFL-1 due to the inefficiency of alternative markes initially evaluated in pear, phoshomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the lack of development of double selection system. The objectives of project were revised to focus primarily on the development additional juvenile free systems by the use of another pear variety and manipulation of the FT gene under the control of several promoters. Based on the results creation of fire blight resistance pear variety was developed by the use of the juvenile free transgenic plant. Background: Young tree seedlings are unable to initiate reproductive organs and require a long period of shoot maturation, known as juvenile phase. In pear, juvenile period can last 5-7 years and it causes a major delay in breeding programs. We isolated the TFL1 gene from Spadona pear (PcTFL1-1) and produced transgenic ‘Spadona’ trees silencing the PcTFL1 gene using a RNAi approach. Transgenic tissue culture ‘Spadona’ pear flowered in vitro. As expected, the expression of the endogenous PcTFL1 was suppressed in the transgenic line that showed precocious flowering. Transgenic plants were successfully rooted in the greenhouse and most of the plants flowered after only 4-8 months, whereas the non-transformed control plants have flowered only after 5-6 years of development. Major achievements: Prior to flower induction, transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ plants developed a few branches and leaves. Flower production in the small trees suppressed the development of the vegetative branches, thus resulting in compact flowering trees. Flowering was initiated in terminal buds, as described for the Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant. Propagation of the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ was performed by bud grafting on 'Betulifolia' rootstock and resulted in compact flowering trees. The transgenic flowering grafted plants were grown in the greenhouse under a long photoperiod for one year, and flowered continuously. Pollination of the transgenic flowers with ‘Costia‘ pear pollen generated fruits of regular shape with fertile F1 seeds. The F1 transgenic seedling grown in the greenhouse formed shoots and produced terminal flowers only five months after germination. In addition, grafted F1 transgenic buds flower and fruit continuously, generating hybrid fruits with regular shape, color and taste. Several pear varieties were pollinated with the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ pollen including `Herald Harw` that was reported to have resistance to fire blight diseases. The F-1 hybrid seedlings currently grow in our greenhouse. We conclude that the juvenile-free transgenic ‘Spadona’ pear enables the development of a fast breeding method in pear that will enable us to generate a resistance pear to fire blight. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the use of transgenic juvenile free technology in pear. The use of the juvenile free technology for enhancement of conventional breeding in fruit tree will serve to enhance fast breeding systems in pear and another fruit trees.