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Journal articles on the topic 'Cosmic Membrane Theory (CM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Stefan, von Weber, and von Eye Alexander. "Two-way and One-way Vacuum Speed of Light under the Membrane Paradigm." Physical Science International Journal 15, no. 2 (2017): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.9734/PSIJ/2017/32988.

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The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) by Wilson and Penzias defines a rest frame in the sense of Newton’s absolute space. This fact is one of the reasons why brane worlds moved into the focus of interest. Membrane theory (CM) uses the cosmological model of a 4-dimensional thin membrane, expanding in hyperspace. A homogeneous vector field acts perpendicularly from outside onto the membrane and causes, this way, curvature of space and gravitation. The membrane defines an absolute Newtonian space, and forces small changes of Special Relativity (SR). The most important diffe

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Mesinger, Andrei. "Reionization and Cosmic Dawn: theory and simulations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S333 (2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317011139.

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AbstractWe highlight recent progress in the sophistication and diversification of the simulations of cosmic dawn and reionization. The application of these modeling tools to recent observations has allowed us narrow down the timing of reionization. The midpoint of reionization is constrained to z = 7.6−0.7+0.8 (1 σ), with the strongest constraints coming from the optical depth to the CMB measured with the Planck satellite and the first detection of ongoing reionization from the spectra of the z = 7.1 QSOs ULASJ1120+0641. However, we still know virtually nothing about the astrophysical sources

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Zeeshan, Muhammad, M. Zubair, and Rabia Saleem. "Role of collisional matter in the framework of extended teleparallel theory." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 15 (2020): 2050099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500996.

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The purpose of this work is to examine the cosmic evolution in the presence of collisional matter (CM) with and without radiations in a modified Teleparallel theory involving a generic function [Formula: see text] which depends on the scalar torsion [Formula: see text] and the boundary term associated to the divergence of torsion [Formula: see text]. We select seven novel [Formula: see text] models including power law, logarithmic models and exponential models, some of these reported in [S. Bahamonde, M. Zubair and G. Abbas, Phys. Dark Univ. 19 (2018) 78; S. Bahamonde and S. Capozziello, The E

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FUJISHIRO, TAKEHIKO T., MITSUO J. HAYASHI, and SHOJI TAKESHITA. "THE COSMIC STRINGS GENERATED FROM THE TORSION." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 06 (1993): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393000519.

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The cosmic strings can be described naturally by torsion formalism which has a direct analogy with dislocations in three-dimensional crystalline solid. We have obtained an exact solution in a four-dimensional model on M2×T2 and may be expected to describe a space-time structure of our universe. The relation between the mass per unit length and the deficit angle are different from that of the Einstein theory, but can be made consistent since our model could reproduce its prediction. We could also obtain the maximum value of the mass per unit length µ~10−6(~1022 g/cm ) by fine tuning of a parame

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FUJISHIRO, TAKEHIKO T., MITSUO J. HAYASHI, and SHOJI TAKESHITA. "EXACT COSMIC STRING SOLUTIONS BASED ON THE CONTINUUM THEORY OF DISLOCATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, no. 23 (1994): 4101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94001667.

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The effective action from the string compactification is studied on the manifolds with absolute parallelism. The cosmic strings can be described naturally by torsion formalism which has a direct analogy with dislocations in three-dimensional crystalline solids. We have found a stringy solution in a six-dimensional model on M4 × T2 which is compatible with that of Greene et al. and a cylindrically symmetric exact solution is obtained, which are different from the exact cosmic string solutions of the Einstein theory ever proposed. We have also obtained an exact solution in a four-dimensional mod

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Wandel, Amri. "Supernova Remnants and the ISM: Constraints from Cosmic-Ray Acceleration." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 101 (1988): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100102581.

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AbstractSupernova remnants can reaccelerate cosmic rays and modify their distribution during the cosmic ray propagation in the galaxy. Cosmic ray observations (in particular the boron-to-carbon data) strongly limit the permitted amount of reacceleration, which is used to set an upper limit on the expansion of supernova remnants, and a lower limit on the effective density of the ISM swept up by supernova shocks. The constraint depends on the theory of cosmic ray propagation: the standard Leaky Box model requires a high effective density, > 1cm−3, and is probably inconsistent with the present

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Karaçaylı, Naim Göksel, and Nikhil Padmanabhan. "Anatomy of cosmic tidal reconstruction." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 3 (2019): 3864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz964.

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Abstract 21-cm intensity surveys aim to map neutral hydrogen atoms in the universe through hyper-fine emission. Unfortunately, long-wavelength (low-wavenumber) radial modes are highly contaminated by smooth astrophysical foregrounds that are six orders of magnitude brighter than the cosmological signal. This contamination also leaks into higher radial and angular wavenumber modes and forms a foreground wedge. Cosmic tidal reconstruction aims to extract the large-scale signal from anisotropic features in the local small-scale power spectrum through non-linear tidal interactions; losing small-sc

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Roque, I. L. V., W. J. Handley, and N. Razavi-Ghods. "Bayesian noise wave calibration for 21-cm global experiments." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 2 (2021): 2638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1453.

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ABSTRACT Detection of millikelvin-level signals from the ‘Cosmic Dawn’ requires an unprecedented level of sensitivity and systematic calibration. We report the theory behind a novel calibration algorithm developed from the formalism introduced by the EDGES collaboration for use in 21-cm experiments. Improvements over previous approaches are provided through the incorporation of a Bayesian framework and machine learning techniques such as the use of Bayesian evidence to determine the level of frequency variation of calibration parameters that is supported by the data, the consideration of corre

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KORNHUBER, M. E., and C. WALTHER. "The Electrical Constants of the Fibres from Two Leg Muscles of the Locust Schistocerca Gregaria." Journal of Experimental Biology 127, no. 1 (1987): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.127.1.173.

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1. The passive electrical properties of the fibres from the M. extensor tibiae and the M. retractor unguis in the hindleg of the locust Schistocerca gregaria were investigated using short cable theory. The dependence on various physicochemical parameters was determined. 2. The sarcoplasmic resistivity (R1) was the same in the extensor and in the retractor muscle. R1 was ≊ 175 Ωcm at 20°C. 3. The specific membrane resistance (Rm) was considerably lower in the retractor muscle (≊5100 Ωcm2) than in the extensor muscle (≊13 000 Ωcm2; [K+]o =; 10 mmoll−1; temperature = 20°C). Rm increased by more t

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Farinas, Javier, Malea Kneen, Megan Moore, and A. S. Verkman. "Plasma Membrane Water Permeability of Cultured Cells and Epithelia Measured by Light Microscopy with Spatial Filtering." Journal of General Physiology 110, no. 3 (1997): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.110.3.283.

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A method was developed to measure the osmotic water permeability (Pf) of plasma membranes in cell layers and applied to cells and epithelia expressing molecular water channels. It was found that the integrated intensity of monochromatic light in a phase contrast or dark field microscope was dependent on relative cell volume. For cells of different size and shape (Sf9, MDCK, CHO, A549, tracheal epithelia, BHK), increased cell volume was associated with decreased signal intensity; generally the signal decreased 10–20% for a twofold increase in cell volume. A theory relating signal intensity to r

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Biermann, Peter L., Philipp P. Kronberg, Michael L. Allen, Athina Meli, and Eun-Suk Seo. "The Origin of the Most Energetic Galactic Cosmic Rays: Supernova Explosions into Massive Star Plasma Winds." Galaxies 7, no. 2 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7020048.

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We propose that the high energy Cosmic Ray particles up to the upturn commonly called the ankle, from around the spectral turn-down commonly called the knee, mostly come from Blue Supergiant star explosions. At the upturn, i.e., the ankle, Cosmic Rays probably switch to another source class, most likely extragalactic sources. To show this we recently compiled a set of Radio Supernova data where we compute the magnetic field, shock speed and shock radius. This list included both Blue and Red Supergiant star explosions; both data show the same magnetic field strength for these two classes of sta

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Zeng, Yachao, Haoran Yu, Jiashun Liang, et al. "(Invited) PGM Catalysts on Atomic-Metal-Rich Carbon for Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Catalysts: Performance and Durability Enhancement." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362059mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising zero-emission power source for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). However, long-term durability of up to 25,000 h is challenging because current carbon support, catalyst, membrane, and ionomer developed for traditional light-duty vehicles cannot meet the stringent requirement. Therefore, understanding catalyst degradation mechanisms under the HDV condition is crucial for rationally designing highly active and durable platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts for high-performance membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). Herein, we report a PGM catal

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Fialkov, Anastasia. "Supersonic relative velocity between dark matter and baryons: A review." International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, no. 08 (2014): 1430017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300171.

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Our understanding of astrophysical and cosmological phenomena in recent years has improved enormously, thanks to precision measurements of various cosmic signals such as Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, emission of galaxies and dust, spectral lines attributed to various elements, etc. Despite this, our knowledge at intermediate redshifts (10 < z < 1100) remains fragmentary and incomplete, and as a consequence, various physical processes happening between the epochs of hydrogen recombination and reionization remain still highly unconstrained. Moreover, some important fragments of th

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Chluba, Jens, Jan Hamann, and Subodh P. Patil. "Features and new physical scales in primordial observables: Theory and observation." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 10 (2015): 1530023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815300232.

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All cosmological observations to date are consistent with adiabatic, Gaussian and nearly scale invariant initial conditions. These findings provide strong evidence for a particular symmetry breaking pattern in the very early universe (with a close to vanishing order parameter, ϵ), widely accepted as conforming to the predictions of the simplest realizations of the inflationary paradigm. However, given that our observations are only privy to perturbations, in inferring something about the background that gave rise to them, it should be clear that many different underlying constructions project

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Tran-Son-Tay, R., T. F. Kirk, D. V. Zhelev, and R. M. Hochmuth. "Numerical Simulation of the Flow of Highly Viscous Drops Down a Tapered Tube." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 116, no. 2 (1994): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895716.

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The flow of a highly viscous drop surrounded by an inviscid fluid inside a tapered tube is analyzed according to a Newtonian, liquid-drop model in which a variational method is used to simultaneously solve the hydrodynamic equations for low Reynolds-number flow and the equations for membrane equilibrium with a constant membrane tension. It is found that the flow in the end caps is plug and radial in the conical section of the drop. The results are compared to a simplified analytical theory that makes these assumptions. Very good agreement is found between the two approaches. Both approaches ar

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Klingenhof, Malte, Hanna Trzesniowski, Susanne Koch, et al. "High-performance anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers using NiX (X = Fe,Co,Mn) catalyst-coated membranes with redox-active Ni–O ligands." Nature Catalysis 7 (February 5, 2025): 1213–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-024-01238-w.

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Recent efforts in anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) focus on developing superior catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies to narrow the performance gaps compared with proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Here we present and characterize Ir-free AEMWE cells with NiX (X = Fe, Co or Mn) layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst-coated membranes with polarization characteristics and hydrogen productivities approaching those of acidic PEMWE cells, achieving >5 A cm<sup>−2</sup>at <2.2 V. Operando spectroscopy revealed

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Ślęzak, Andrzej, Wioletta M. Bajdur, Kornelia M. Batko, and Radomir Šcurek. "Simulation of S-Entropy Production during the Transport of Non-Electrolyte Solutions in the Double-Membrane System." Entropy 22, no. 4 (2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040463.

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Using the classical Kedem–Katchalsky’ membrane transport theory, a mathematical model was developed and the original concentration volume flux (Jv), solute flux (Js) characteristics, and S-entropy production by Jv, ( ( ψ S ) J v ) and by Js ( ( ψ S ) J s ) in a double-membrane system were simulated. In this system, M1 and Mr membranes separated the l, m, and r compartments containing homogeneous solutions of one non-electrolytic substance. The compartment m consists of the infinitesimal layer of solution and its volume fulfills the condition Vm → 0. The volume of compartments l and r fulfills

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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, Pardoyo Pardoyo, Didik Setiyo Widodo, Retno Ariadi Lusiana, and Anggun Yuliani. "In-Situ Ionic Imprinted Membrane (IIM) Synthesis Based on Acetic Polyeugenoxy Acetyl Tiophen Methanolate for Gold(III) Metal Ion Transports." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 6 (2020): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.49941.

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In this research, Polyeugenoxy Acetyl Tiophen Methanolate (PEATM)-Au ionic imprinted membrane (IIM) was synthesized. IIM is a PEATM based membrane that has Au(III) ion molds. The PEATM synthesis was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, and its relative molecular weight was determined by the viscometry method. To find out the presence of Au(III) templates on IIM, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDX were used. The results of FTIR spectroscopy & SEM-EDX analysis prove the existence of Au(III) metal ion templates at IIM. Through FTIR spectra, it could be seen that the absorption area of the -OH group w

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Hatsukade, Isamu, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Koujun Yamashita, Katsuji Koyama, and Yoshihiro Asaoka. "The X-Ray Spectrum of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 42, no. 2 (1990): 279–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/42.2.279.

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Abstract Kepler’s SNR was observed with the Large Area Counter on board the Ginga satellite in the energy range 1–12 keV. A strong iron Kα emission line has been found at 6.48±0.07 keV. This value is too low if the plasma has reached the collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) condition and, therefore, indicates that the plasma is still in a non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) condition. Using a NEI model, we determined the electron temperature, Te, to be 4.5±0.3 keV, and the plasma parameter, τ (the product of the electron number density n and the elapsed time t after the shock heating), to be

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Chittidi, Jay S., Sunil Simha, Alexandra Mannings, et al. "Dissecting the Local Environment of FRB 190608 in the Spiral Arm of its Host Galaxy." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 2 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2818.

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Abstract We present a high-resolution analysis of the host galaxy of fast radio burst (FRB) 190608, an SB(r)c galaxy at z = 0.11778 (hereafter HG 190608), to dissect its local environment and its contributions to the FRB properties. Our Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 ultraviolet and visible light image reveals that the subarcsecond localization of FRB 190608 is coincident with a knot of star formation (ΣSFR = 1.5 × 10−2 M ⊙ yr−1 kpc−2) in the northwest spiral arm of HG 190608. Using Hβ emission present in our Keck Cosmic Web Imager integral field spectrum of the galaxy with a surfa

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Abdalla, H., A. Abramowski, F. Aharonian та ін. "Population study of Galactic supernova remnants at very high γ-ray energies with H.E.S.S." Astronomy & Astrophysics 612 (квітень 2018): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732125.

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Shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs) are considered prime candidates for the acceleration of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) up to the knee of the CR spectrum at E ≈ 3 × 1015 eV. Our Milky Way galaxy hosts more than 350 SNRs discovered at radio wavelengths and at high energies, of which 220 fall into the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) region. Of those, only 50 SNRs are coincident with a H.E.S.S source and in 8 cases the very high-energy (VHE) emission is firmly identified as an SNR. The H.E.S.S. GPS provides us with a legacy for SNR population study in VHE γ-rays and we use this rich data se

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Li, Yi, and Gang Wu. "PGM-Based Ammonia Oxidation Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 39 (2023): 2319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01392319mtgabs.

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Low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) use carbon-neutral ammonia as a fuel, which has attracted increasing attention recently due to ammonia's low source-to-tank energy cost, easy transport and storage, and wide availability. However, current DAFC technologies are greatly limited by the kinetically sluggish ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) at the anode. Herein, we report an AOR catalyst, in which ternary PtIrZn nanoparticles with an average size of 2.3 ± 0.2 nm were highly dispersed on a binary composite support comprising cerium oxide (CeO2) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Z

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Yeo, Kyeong-Rim, and Soo Kil Kim. "Atomically Dispersed Ru on Ni Catalyst-Integrated Porous Transport Electrode for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 42 (2024): 2764. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02422764mtgabs.

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Water electrolysis is an eco-friendly technology that does not emit pollutants when connected to renewable energy and can obtain high purity hydrogen (>99.9%) through the process of electrochemically splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Among them, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) has the advantage of high current density, low gas crossover, high gas purity, and high pressure operation compared to existing alkaline water electrolysis.[1] The material that shows the best catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is platinum (Pt), which has

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Chaikin, Evgenii, Alexander A. Kaurov, Brian D. Fields, and Camila A. Correa. "Simulations of 60Fe entrained in ejecta from a near-Earth supernova: effects of observer motion." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512, no. 1 (2022): 712–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac327.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that live (not decayed) radioactive 60Fe is present in deep-ocean samples, Antarctic snow, lunar regolith, and cosmic rays. 60Fe represents supernova (SN) ejecta deposited in the Solar system around $3 \, \rm Myr$ ago, and recently an earlier pulse ${\approx}7 \ \rm Myr$ ago has been found. These data point to one or multiple near-Earth SN explosions that presumably participated in the formation of the Local Bubble. We explore this theory using 3D high-resolution smooth-particle hydrodynamical simulations of isolated SNe with ejecta tracers in a uniform inter

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Wang, Lei. "(Invited) Strengthening Ru−O Bonds with Co and Mn Dopants for Robust Oxygen Evolution in Acid Media." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 42 (2024): 2845. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02422845mtgabs.

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The development of cost-effective and acid-stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts to replace iridium-based catalysts is essential for the implementation of proton exchange membrane (PEM)-based water electrolysis at gird scale. While ruthenium (Ru) oxide is highly efficient in acidic environments, severe Ru dissolution, caused by the formation of highly oxidized RuO4 species, hinders its adoption. Herein, we develop a catalyst composite consisting of RuO2 skin deposited on a manganese-cobalt-spinel oxide (MnCo2O4.5) substrate, which demonstrates high active and stability toward

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Flessner, M. F., R. L. Dedrick, and J. S. Schultz. "A distributed model of peritoneal-plasma transport: analysis of experimental data in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 248, no. 3 (1985): F413—F424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.248.3.f413.

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Transport of uncharged, water-soluble substances (ranging in molecular weight from 180 to 5,000) between the fluid in the peritoneal cavity and plasma was studied in anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats. In certain experiments the effect of fluid shifts on the transport was observed by manipulating the effective osmotic pressure or the hydrostatic pressure of the dialysis fluid. Parameters for the distributed model outlined in previous work were obtained from the experimental data for the substances tested. Capillary membrane transport was modeled by pore theory. A single pore radius of 40

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Leonard, Daniel, Michelle Lehmann, Ivana Matanovic, Cy Fujimoto, Tomonori Saito, and Yu Seung Kim. "Fundamental Insight into Phenyl-Free Polynorbornene Ionomers Enables High Performance Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (2023): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382254mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are seen as a possible successor to proton exchange membrane fuel cell technologies. A major motivation behind AEMFC development is the potential to use less costly materials, such as non-platinum group metal catalysts, thus reducing the stack cost. Anion exchange ionomers (AEIs) are polymers that facilitate ion transport in the catalyst layer play and a critical role in the performance of fuel cells. In fact, cell performance is profoundly affected by fundamental interactions between the catalyst surface and the AEI. Two such interactions are of par

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Bruno Riccardi. "That fantastic and mysterious flow of electrons that we call LIFE." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2022): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.12.3.0252.

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The aim of this article is to present a personal conception on the structure and evolution of matter and to examine critically the one theorized by physics and quantum biology. The fundamental questions I am going to try to answer are: · What is a life? · Why is it difficult, elusive to understand its inner molecular mechanism? · Is it possible to formulate a comprehensive theory of the molecular mechanism that guides it, without resorting to abstract mathematical equations, true transcendental transpositions of the real world? · What does mysterious and powerful feeling push us in the search

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Weber, Stefan von, and Alexander von Eye. "Mass under the Membrane Theory of Gravitation." Physical Science International Journal, July 28, 2022, 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i330314.

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The Cosmic Membrane theory of gravitation (CM) implies Newton’s absolute space. We identify the homogeneous vector field used by us since 1994 with the Higgs-field as source of the heavy mass. Following Randall and Sundrum, the introduction of the wafting layer outside the membrane solves the issue of the mobility of particles in a super-strong membrane. Starting with Feynman’s radius of excess, we obtain a depth of space of WRS = 1.432×106 [m] of the gravitational funnel at the edge of sun. Using Chandrasekhar’s gravitational energy, we obtain the tension F0 of the membrane as F0=1.820×1019 [

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Weber, Stefan Von, and Alexander Von Eye. "Dilation of Time and Newton’s Absolute Time." Physical Science International Journal, August 13, 2019, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2019/v23i130141.

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The Cosmic Membrane theory states that the space in which the cosmic microwave background radiation has no dipole is identical with Newton’s absolute space. Light propagates in this space only. In contrast, in a moving inertial frame of reference light propagation is in-homogeneous, i.e. it depends on the direction. Therefore, the derivation of the dilation of time in the sense of Einstein’s special relativity theory, i.e., together with the derivation of the length contraction under the constraint of constant cross dimensions, loses its plausibility, and one has to search for new physical fou

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Drewes, Marco, and Lei Ming. "Connecting Cosmic Inflation to Particle Physics with LiteBIRD, CMB-S4, EUCLID, and SKA." Physical Review Letters 133, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.031001.

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We show that next generation Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments will be capable of the first ever measurement of the inflaton coupling to other particles, opening a new window to probe the connection between cosmic inflation and particle physics. This sensitivity is based on the impact that the reheating phase after cosmic inflation has on the redshifting of cosmic perturbations. For our analysis we introduce a simple analytic method to estimate the sensitivity of future CMB observations to the reheating temperature and the inflaton coupling. Applying our method to LiteBIRD and CMB-

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Axikegu, ZHOU Xunxiu, and ZHANG Yunfeng. "Effects of Thunderstorms Electric Field on Cosmic Ray Secondary Photons at LHAASO." Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.73.20240341.

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The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a complex of extensive air shower (EAS) detector arrays, located at Mt. Haizi (29°21' N, 100°08' E) at an altitude of 4410 m a. s. l., Daocheng, Sichuan Province, China. Information of primary cosmic rays can be obtained by using data from secondary particles measured at LHAASO, with photons constituting the majority among these secondary particles. During thunderstorms, the atmospheric electric field can change the information of photons on the ground by affecting secondary charged particles (mainly positrons and electrons). In this p

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Mason, Charlotte A., Julian B. Muñoz, Bradley Greig, Andrei Mesinger, and Jaehong Park. "21cmfish: Fisher-matrix framework for fast parameter forecasts from the cosmic 21-cm signal." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, July 18, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2145.

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Abstract The 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the early universe will provide unprecedented information about the first stars and galaxies. Extracting this information, however, requires accounting for many unknown astrophysical processes. Semi-numerical simulations are key for exploring the vast parameter space of said processes. These simulations use approximate techniques such as excursion-set and perturbation theory to model the 3D evolution of the intergalactic medium, at a fraction of the computational cost of hydrodynamic and/or radiative transfer simulations. However, exploring th

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Matsubara, Yuya, Ryo Okabe, Ren Masayama, et al. "A methodology of quantifying membrane permeability based on returning probability theory and molecular dynamics simulation." Journal of Chemical Physics 161, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0214401.

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We propose a theoretical approach to estimate the permeability coefficients of substrates (permeants) for crossing membranes from donor (D) phase to acceptor (A) phase by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A fundamental aspect of our approach involves reformulating the returning probability (RP) theory, a rigorous bimolecular reaction theory, to describe permeation phenomena. This reformulation relies on the parallelism between permeation and bimolecular reaction processes. In the present method, the permeability coefficient is represented in terms of the thermodynamic and kinetic qu

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35

Zheng, Yifan, Yarong Liu, Hao Li, et al. "Carboxyl‐Driven Water Networks on 2D Metal Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Proton Conduction in PEMFCs." Advanced Functional Materials, April 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202500151.

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AbstractPrecisely constructing the well‐defined proton transport platform and studying its transport behavior are of great importance yet remain challenging. Here, a Zr‐BTB‐X nanosheet via post‐synthetic modifying Zr‐BTB with terephthalic acid (BDC) and trimesic acid (BTC) is developed, which coordinate to the unsaturated Zr₆ clusters. The increased –COOH groups endow Zr‐BTB‐BTC nanosheets significant improvement in proton conductivity, achieving 490.9 mS cm−1 at 80 °C and 100% RH, compared to 2.19 mS cm−1 for the original Zr‐BTB nanosheets. Density functional theory calculations and water ads

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Gould, O., I. Ostrovskiy, and A. Upreti. "Next frontiers for magnetic monopole searches." Physical Review D 111, no. 10 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.102004.

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Magnetic monopoles (MMs) are well-motivated hypothetical particles whose discovery would symmetrize Maxwell equations, explain quantization of electric charge, and probe the gauge structure of the unified theory. Recent models predict MMs with low masses, reinvigorating searches at colliders. However, most theories predict composite MMs, whose production in parton-parton collisions is expected to be suppressed. The Schwinger process, whereby MM pairs tunnel through the vacuum barrier in the presence of a strong magnetic field, is not subject to this limitation. Additionally, the Schwinger cros

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Han, Mei, Haibin Wang, Jieshu Zhou, et al. "Introducing Lewis Base‐Phosphate to Boost Neutral Seawater Splitting in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer." Advanced Functional Materials, November 28, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202415143.

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AbstractElectrolysis of seawater using anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) under neutral conditions, is an attractive method for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, competitive anodic chlorine evolution reaction together with sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics caused by insufficient OH−, significantly limit the system's current density and operational stability. Herein, Lewis base phosphate (PO43−) is used as a proton acceptor to accelerate the cleavage of OH−H bonds, which facilitates the accumulation of *OH. NiFeP nanosheets grown on pretreated nickel foam (Ni

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Martinis, John M. "Saving superconducting quantum processors from decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays." npj Quantum Information 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00431-0.

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AbstractError-corrected quantum computers can only work if errors are small and uncorrelated. Here, I show how cosmic rays or stray background radiation affects superconducting qubits by modeling the phonon to electron/quasiparticle down-conversion physics. For present designs, the model predicts about 57% of the radiation energy breaks Cooper pairs into quasiparticles, which then vigorously suppress the qubit energy relaxation time (T1 ~ 600 ns) over a large area (cm) and for a long time (ms). Such large and correlated decay kills error correction. Using this quantitative model, I show how th

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Hong, Yongju, Sangyeon Jeong, Jae Hun Seol, et al. "Ru₂P/Ir₂P Heterostructure Promotes Hydrogen Spillover for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." Advanced Energy Materials, May 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202401426.

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AbstractEfficient and durable electrocatalysts toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are of great significance for the widespread application of anion‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). Numerous single‐phase catalysts, such as Ru2P, have been explored as efficient HER catalysts; however, many have failed to overcome the inherent sluggish kinetics of the two separate steps involved in the alkaline HER: water dissociation and hydrogen production. In this study, density functional theory calculations are conducted to identify promising combinations of Ir2P and Ru2P material

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Chang, Chiung-Wen, Yu-Chieh Ting, Fan-Yu Yen, Guan-Ru Li, Kun-Han Lin, and Shih-Yuan Lu. "High performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysis driven by atomic scale synergy of non-precious high entropy catalysts." Energy Materials 5, no. 9 (2025). https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2025.5.

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is one of the key technologies for production of green hydrogen, and developments of highly efficient and durable electrode catalysts in alkaline media are critical for its practical applications. Atomic scale synergy of high entropy materials empowers highly efficient water electrolysis catalysts. Here, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mo-based high entropy electrode catalysts, including high entropy alloys (FCNCuM) for cathodes and high entropy oxides (FCNCuMOX) for anodes, are developed for high-performance Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. FCNCuMOX a

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Chang, Chiung-Wen, Yu-Chieh Ting, Fan-Yu Yen, Guan-Ru Li, Kun-Han Lin, and Shih-Yuan Lu. "High performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysis driven by atomic scale synergy of non-precious high entropy catalysts." Energy Materials 5, no. 9 (2025). https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2025.05.

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is one of the key technologies for production of green hydrogen, and developments of highly efficient and durable electrode catalysts in alkaline media are critical for its practical applications. Atomic scale synergy of high entropy materials empowers highly efficient water electrolysis catalysts. Here, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mo-based high entropy electrode catalysts, including high entropy alloys (FCNCuM) for cathodes and high entropy oxides (FCNCuMOX) for anodes, are developed for high-performance Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. FCNCuMOX a

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Li, Hefei, Pengfei Wei, Tianfu Liu, et al. "CO electrolysis to multicarbon products over grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticles in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzers." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49095-2.

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AbstractProducing valuable chemicals like ethylene via catalytic carbon monoxide conversion is an important nonpetroleum route. Here we demonstrate an electrochemical route for highly efficient synthesis of multicarbon (C2+) chemicals from CO. We achieve a C2+ partial current density as high as 4.35 ± 0.07 A cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 2.78 ± 0.01 V over a grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticle catalyst in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer, with a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 87 ± 1% and a CO conversion of 85 ± 3%. Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory

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Qin, Keyang, Hao Yu, Wenxiang Zhu, et al. "1D Monoclinic Ir_xRu_1‐xO₂ Solid Solution with Ru‐Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Advanced Functional Materials, March 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202402226.

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AbstractThe rutile phase IrO2, as a promising catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), still falls short of satisfactory activity. Here, a novel 1D monoclinic phase iridium‐ruthenium oxide solid solution (m‐IrxRu1‐xO2) is reported. For m‐IrxRu1‐xO2 with different metal proportions, the optimal m‐Ir0.91Ru0.09O2‐δ catalyst exhibits excellent OER activity under acidic conditions with an overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm−2. As an anode catalyst in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, m‐Ir0.91Ru0.09O2‐δ with a low catalyst loading (0.1 mg cm−2) can operate ≈256 h at 1.8 V with a high cur

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Du, Xin, Wenfu Xie, Yanfei Wang, et al. "Steering benzyl alcohol electrooxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution via hetero‐interface construction." AIChE Journal, May 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.18469.

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AbstractIt is still a challenge to develop electrocatalyst for the efficient adsorption and conversion of organic molecule in aqueous media. Herein, a hetero‐interface structure based on CuO@Ni(OH)2 is rationally designed to enhance the performance of benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzoic acid. A high Faradaic efficiency of 99% and the yield of 3.09 mmol cm−2 h−1 are achieved at 1.70 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming the previously reported electrocatalysts. Furthermore, a membrane‐free flow electrolyzer was assembled based on CuO@Ni(OH)2 hetero‐interface, exhibiting a much h

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Liu, Yarong, Shuai Yuan, Caiting Sun, et al. "Optimizing Fe‐3d Electron Delocalization by Asymmetric Fe–Cu Diatomic Configurations for Efficient Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Advanced Energy Materials, October 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202302719.

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AbstractPrecisely designing asymmetric diatomic configurations and studying their electronic regulation effect for improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance are important for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, a Fe, Cu co‐doped 2D crystalline IISERP‐MOF27 nanosheet derived FeN3O‐CuN4 diatomic site nanocatalyst (named as FeCu‐NC) is synthesized for the cathodes of AEMFCs. Thanks to the optimal electronic structure of FeN3O‐CuN4 in the FeCu‐NC catalyst, it shows enhanced half‐wave potential (0.910 V), turnover frequency (0.165e s−1 site−1), and decreased activatio

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Li, Wenlong, Yunxuan Ding, Yilong Zhao, et al. "Zwitterion‐Modified NiFe OER Catalyst Achieving Ultra‐Stable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis via Dynamic Alkaline Microenvironment Engineering." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, June 12, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202505924.

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The development of efficient non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for industrial anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM‐WE) remains challenging, primarily due to sluggish OH– transfer from the anion exchange membrane (AEM) to catalytic sites, causing H+ accumulation and performance degradation. Herein, we developed a zwitterion‐modified NiFe catalyst (z‐NiFe) through gradient soaking, facilitates rapid OH– transfer across the AEM‐electrocatalyst interface, effectively neutralizing the generated H+ and enhancing catalytic performance. In‐situ Raman spectroscopy and OH− conductivity meas

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47

Li, Wenlong, Yunxuan Ding, Yilong Zhao, et al. "Zwitterion‐Modified NiFe OER Catalyst Achieving Ultra‐Stable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis via Dynamic Alkaline Microenvironment Engineering." Angewandte Chemie, June 12, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202505924.

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The development of efficient non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for industrial anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM‐WE) remains challenging, primarily due to sluggish OH– transfer from the anion exchange membrane (AEM) to catalytic sites, causing H+ accumulation and performance degradation. Herein, we developed a zwitterion‐modified NiFe catalyst (z‐NiFe) through gradient soaking, facilitates rapid OH– transfer across the AEM‐electrocatalyst interface, effectively neutralizing the generated H+ and enhancing catalytic performance. In‐situ Raman spectroscopy and OH− conductivity meas

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48

Komazaki, Yusuke, Taiki Nobeshima, Hirotada Hirama, Yuichi Watanabe, Kouji Suemori, and Sei Uemura. "Hygroelectric Energy Harvesting by Daily Humidity Cycles and its Thermodynamics." Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research, January 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202400342.

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Atmospheric moisture is emerging as a ubiquitous energy source for energy harvesting. However, a practical long‐life device has not been realized, and theoretical aspects including mechanisms and thermodynamics have not been fully clarified. Here, this study provides a practical device and a thermodynamic theory for a concentration cell‐based hygroelectric generator (hygroelectric cell, HEC), which enables high‐power and long‐term electricity generation by day/night humidity changes. Using a Li1+x+yAlxTi2−xSiyP3−yO12 glass–ceramic solid electrolyte membrane with no water permeability, an ideal

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Zhang, Xin, Guangtong Hai, Yujian Yao, et al. "Enhanced Propylene/Propane Separation via Aniline‐Decorated ZIF‐8 Membrane: Lattice Rigidity Adjustment and Adsorption Site Introduction." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, September 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202411440.

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Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based membranes excel in molecular separation, attracting significant research interest. The crystallographic microstructure and selective adsorption capacity of MOFs closely correlate with their gas separation performance. Here, aniline was added to the ZIF‐8 synthesis in varying concentrations. Aniline, encapsulated within ZIF‐8 cavities, interacts strongly with the 2‐methylimidazole linker, resulting in both a shift in crystallographic phase from I_43m to Cm in Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the selective adsorption behavior between

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50

Zhang, Xin, Guangtong Hai, Yujian Yao, et al. "Enhanced Propylene/Propane Separation via Aniline‐Decorated ZIF‐8 Membrane: Lattice Rigidity Adjustment and Adsorption Site Introduction." Angewandte Chemie, September 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202411440.

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Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based membranes excel in molecular separation, attracting significant research interest. The crystallographic microstructure and selective adsorption capacity of MOFs closely correlate with their gas separation performance. Here, aniline was added to the ZIF‐8 synthesis in varying concentrations. Aniline, encapsulated within ZIF‐8 cavities, interacts strongly with the 2‐methylimidazole linker, resulting in both a shift in crystallographic phase from I_43m to Cm in Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the selective adsorption behavior between

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