Academic literature on the topic 'Cosmic Theory for Invisible Object'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cosmic Theory for Invisible Object"

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Md., Foisal Haque. "A Cosmic Theory on Object Invisibility: Impact of Successive Skies with Variable Time Domain." Research and Applications: Embedded System 7, no. 3 (2024): 12–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284625.

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<em>This research proposes an innovative cosmic theory of invisible object assuming various successive Skies and time domain by using simple trigonometric formula. The angle between object (Stars, Universes, etc. in the successive Skies except first Sky) and observer (human/ Earth/Sun/Galaxy/Universe in the first Sky) is calculated by using this formula. The zero angle proves the object invisibility. It also proves that universes under first Sky are very infinitesimal compared to the successive Skies. The proposed theory is developed based on the imaginary judgement by considering three postulates and one hypothesis. There is no mathematical model and complex formulae of classical cosmology used in this research. This research addresses some imaginary issues such as successive Skies, variable speed of light, different time domain. These idealized issues were not addressed in the classical physics/astronomy/cosmology, previously. So, there is a scope for enhancing this research in future by developing mathematical model, deriving formulations for successive Skies to apply appropriate boundary conditions, etc.</em>
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Learned, John G., and Karl Mannheim. "High-Energy Neutrino Astrophysics." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 50, no. 1 (2000): 679–749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.50.1.679.

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▪ Abstract High-energy (&gt;100 MeV) neutrino astrophysics enters an era of opportunity and discovery as the sensitivity of detectors approaches astrophysically relevant flux levels. We review the major challenges for this emerging field, among which the nature of dark matter, the origin of cosmic rays, and the physics of extreme objects such as active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, pulsars, and supernova remnants are of prime importance. Variable sources at cosmological distances allow the probing of neutrino propagation properties over baselines up to about 20 orders of magnitude larger than those probed by terrestrial long-baseline experiments. We review the possible astrophysical sources of high-energy neutrinos, which also act as an irreducible background to searches for phenomena at the electroweak and grand-unified-theory symmetry-breaking scales related to possible supersymmetric dark matter and topological defects. Neutrino astronomy also has the potential to discover previously unimagined high-energy sources invisible in other channels and provides the only means for direct observations of the early universe prior to the era of decoupling of photons and matter. We conclude with a discussion of experimental approaches and a short report on present projects and prospects. We look forward to the day when it will be possible to see the universe through a new window in the light of what may be its most numerous particle, the elusive neutrino.
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Pauketat, Timothy R., and Thomas E. Emerson. "Star Performances and Cosmic Clutter." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18, no. 1 (2008): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774308000085.

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Are there long-term processes invisible over short spans? And if so, how might they relate to the loci of long-term social change, those performative or practical moments wherein agents enact, embody, or otherwise engage traditions, landscapes, or structures? Here, we are particularly concerned with the experience of starry skies as these were historically reckoned through cluttered object fields and cosmic events. These are key to understanding the emergent properties of ethnoastronomies and cultural landscapes that, in certain moments, may be described as leading to historical conjunctures.
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Daywitt, William C. "The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory." European Journal of Applied Physics 4, no. 1 (2022): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.145.

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&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The invisible Planck vacuum (PV) state is a degenerate collection of Planck particle (PP) cores that fills a sevendimensional spacetime. The degenerate nature of this PV state assures that the only motion available to the separate PP cores is a spin angular momentum and a local random PP motion. This spherical confinement of each PP core in the vacuum state leads to the cosmic-microwave-background-radiation (CMBR) spectrum seen in the free-space night sky.The CMBR is the experimental proof for the PV theory.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
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Hagan, Edward A. "Alice McDermott's Almost Invisible Narrators." Irish University Review 53, no. 2 (2023): 404–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2023.0622.

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Why do Alice McDermott's narrators not acknowledge a statutory rape and a murder? Why does she make it hard for readers to detect who her narrators are? She compels us to work with her to construct her stories and makes the task unusually hard for the first-time reader. Laszlo F. Földényi's collection of essays, Dostoyevski Reads Hegel in Siberia and Bursts into Tears (2020), helps us to understand the philosophical basis for McDermott's narrative strategies in her depictions of Irish America. Her narrators reveal the emptiness occasioned by a false dichotomy between subject and object – a contemporary disease. McDermott restores mystery as the antidote to systems of knowledge. Analysis of her novels, especially Child of My Heart (2002), Someone (2013) and The Ninth Hour (2017), suggests McDermott's cure for the narrators’ quest for control over the stories they tell. Someone is a key novel for understanding what ails our contemporary consciousness.
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Setiawan, A., and Mitrayana. "Invisible barcode method base on NDT photoacoustic imaging." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (2022): P02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/p02006.

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Abstract The use of barcode technology has spread in many fields since it is cheaper and easier to use. To date, the barcode technology is applied by placing a code on a label surface. This makes access easier but also increases security risks. Security breaches can occur either due to physical damage to the code or code hijacking for inappropriate purposes. This paper reports the development of the subsurface barcode coding method by utilizing Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) photoacoustic imaging. Referring to the Rosencwig-Gersho theory, photoacoustics can image the subsurface conditions by adjusting the thermal conductivity length. In this experiment, a number of cavities representing barcodes were embedded in a metal object. The experimental results show that this method can decode the 3-digit Flattermarken code embedded in a 1 mm thick metal object again. The success of this new method is expected to open up more opportunities for barcodes that are more secure and resistant to tampering.
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Vudka, Amir. "Cooking the Cosmic Soup: Vincent Moon's Altered States of Live Cinema." Deleuze and Guattari Studies 17, no. 4 (2023): 561–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2023.0535.

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The films and live cinema of Vincent Moon are considered in this chapter as ‘psychedelic’: a form of filmmaking and film performances that can open the doors of perception to invisible realms of percepts, affects and durations that are beyond or below ordinary human perception. According to Paul Schrader, films can evoke such spiritual dimensions, in particular through what he called the transcendental style of film, and what Gilles Deleuze termed the time-image. As an audio-visual ethnographer of world religions who is distinctly influenced by shamanic and animistic traditions, Moon brings the transcendental style back to its plane of immanence. His live cinema performances have a ritualistic and ecstatic aspect that recalls the esoteric history of haunted media. Moon's enthralling film performances induce altered states of mind, tap into spiritual realities and immerse the audience in magic.
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Naishtat, Francisco. "Benjamin’s Profane Uses of Theology: The Invisible Organon." Religions 10, no. 2 (2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10020093.

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Invisible, but suggestive and fruitful; deprived of any reference to doctrine or ultimate assertive foundations, but nevertheless used in Benjamin like written images, crystallized as “images of thought”; as doctrinally mute as it is heuristically audible, Benjamin’s use of theology reminds us of the ironical use that Jorge Luis Borges himself made of theology and metaphysics as part of his own poetic forms. As such, these images of thought are located both in the place of philosophical use and in the one of methodological cunning or Metis, across the various levels of the corpus: a metaphysics of experience, literary criticism, philosophy of language, theory of history and Marxism. Therefore, accepting that criticism (Kritik) is the visible organon and the object of Benjaminian philosophy, is not theology, then, its invisible organon? What seems to be particular to Benjamin, however, is the agonistic but nevertheless heuristic way in which he intends to use theology in order to upset, disarray, and deconstruct the established philosophy, and specially its dominant trends in the field of the theory of history: historicism, positivism, and the evolutionary Hegelian–Marxist philosophy of history. In this article we try to demonstrate how this theological perspective is applied to a Benjaminian grammar of time. We conclude agonistically, confronting the resulting Benjaminian notion of historical past against Heiddeger’s own vision of historical time.
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Assier-Andrieu, Louis, and Anne Gotman. "Spooky liberty: the art of avoiding identification process — an object for social sciences." Social Science Information 47, no. 4 (2008): 541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018408096446.

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Social sciences, caught in binarism and embedded in moral considerations for a short but founding period, stressed sets of dual oppositions in which one party was right and the other wrong. When, for instance, institutions are considered in opposition to individuals, identity and belonging appear either to be enforced or to enforce, but in all events to carry the compulsion to `fit in'. This bias leads to using identification categories to qualify processes of avoiding identification. Alternatively, the authors consider clandestine tactics and strategies as a theory of attitudes, most of which are invisible, aimed at defying the identification process. We argue for an `aggiornamento', not so as to build a meta-theory, but in order to grasp an underestimated aspect of reality: the avoidance of belonging and preset identity as a mere enactment of natural-born liberty.
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Ma, Ming-Qian. "From Blind to Blinding: Saturated Phenomena and the Speculative Lyric of the Invisible in Andrew Joron’s Poetry." Word and Text - A Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics 12 (2022) (December 30, 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jlsl.2022.04.

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This essay presents a critical reading of Andrew Joron’s speculative oeuvre from a phenomenological standpoint. Proceeding from the poet’s cosmic perspectives, it focuses on the central issue of language in relation to the emergence of meaning and the world. Through a close reading of both Joron’s poetry and poetics, this essay demonstrates his conceptual affinity with the work of contemporary French philosopher Jean-Luc Marion, arguing that both Joron’s poetry and Marion’s phenomenology of givenness postulate an emergence of meaning and the world that is absolutely unconditioned and unconditional, an emergence characterized by an intuitively blinding richness that saturates the phenomenon over and beyond any limit and, hence, makes the phenomenon invisible.
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Books on the topic "Cosmic Theory for Invisible Object"

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Prins, Jacoba Wilhelmina. Echoes of an invisible world: Marsilio Ficino and Francesco Patrizi on cosmic order and music theory. Haveka, 2009.

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Prins, Jacomien. Echoes of an Invisible World: Marsilio Ficino and Francesco Patrizi on Cosmic Order and Music Theory. BRILL, 2014.

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Echoes of an Invisible World: Marsilio Ficino and Francesco Patrizi on Cosmic Order and Music Theory. BRILL, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cosmic Theory for Invisible Object"

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Masciandaro, Nicola. "Gourmandized in the Abattoir of Openness." In Leper Creativity. punctum books, 2012. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0017.1.12.

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Cyclonopedia is a book that opens Earth to the divini-ty of reality. The intoxicating effect of its theory-fiction terror is to defuse the double, mutual hostage-taking of philosophy and religion, their shared aporet-ic stand-off according to which reality remains the occluded object of fiction and divinity the eclipsed object of theory. Here theory-fiction is not a cool new hybrid capable of synthesizing and rescripting their domains towards an iterable new science or disci-pline. It is not about unifying and resolving their dou-ble truth. Instead the book is a trisonic betrayal that is treacherously against both via treason of each to the other. Cyclonopedia thus takes place in a new time that it instantiates and narrates: Incognitum Hactenus, or anonymous-until-Now, “a double-dealing mode of time connecting abyssal time scales to our chronologi-cal time, thus exposing us to the horror of times be-yond.” Anonymous-until-Now is the time of Cyclonopedic writing, the date of this symposium, an evental logic that deals with local and cosmic time as it does with fiction and theory. In this time, “things leak into each other according to a logic that does not belong to us and cannot be correlated to our chrono-logical time.”Chronos leaks into theory (the vision of aiôn), aiôn leaks into fiction (the narration of chronos). Inverting the messianic now wherein time is kairically suspended above chronicity as “the time we need to make time end: the time that is left us [il tem-po che ci resta],”Cyclonopedia chronically inters kairos into a time we no longer need to make time begin: the time that never was ours. Now that all life is over, every moment is opportune, the time of human gods and divine demons, a present stretching far be-yond the limits of past and future. In place of the ex-pectation of resurrection the book offers a funerary feast: “God turns himself into a good meal for the hu-man, the earth and the outside.” In place of Arma-geddon it offers the terrestrial playground of White War, the abode of unbounded, as opposed to final, conflict, “at once the white of impenetrable fog and the color of peace.” Incognitum Hactenus is a revolu-tionary enthymeme or argument-without-assumption, applicable in all spheres, that stabs at the heart of the mutual exclusiveness of plans and peace, the wanting-to-have-it-both-ways of human worry whose global monument is the Middle East Peace Plan.
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Blake, Liza. "A Recipe for Disaster: Practical Metaphysics: Response to Julian Yates." In Speculative Medievalisms. punctum books, 2013. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0021.1.18.

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There are two ways of approaching the topic of Speculative Medievalisms. On the one hand, one might consider the role of the medieval or medievalism within speculation or the speculative. Allan Mitchell offers a version of this approach in his piece in this volume, “Cosmic Eggs, or Events Before Eve-rything,” when he reflects on how the medieval is already to be found in the speculative, whether consciously or uncon-sciously. Another way of approaching the topic would be to consider how the theses, ideas or propositions found in specu-lative realism translate to a medieval—or in Yates’s case, an early modern—literary critical practice. This second approach serves as the focus of Yates’s essay, and so it will be the subject of my response. In this response I will re-compose Yates’sessay, schematically restructuring it so as to draw out the im-plications for speculative medieval critical practice.Harman’s technique in his book Prince of Networks is a complicated one, but one whose mechanisms are worth study-ing.1 Harman takes as his starting point Bruno Latour’s critical practice for, and as, sociology, science studies, and actor network theory (among others). From Latour’s practice, Harman then extrapolates its underlying, more or less explicit metaphysics. In Part II of the Prince of Networks, Harman tweaks this metaphysics slightly to present a new or slightly modified version of Latourian metaphysics, and this tweaked Latourian metaphysics becomes Object Oriented Ontology. The end of the book leaves readers with one critical practice (Latourian practice, as embodied in his work) and two meta-physics (the Latourian metaphysics Harman describes and the metaphysics he himself elaborates). The third section of Har-man’s book—the section of the book where he works back from Part II’s metaphysics to a critical practice—has not been written yet. If Latourian critical practice can produce or imply a metaphysics, then what are the contours of the critical prac-tice that might correspond to the metaphysics of Part II? What is a Harmanian or speculative realist critical practice?
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Gurukkal, Rajan. "Science of Uncertainty." In History and Theory of Knowledge Production. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490363.003.0006.

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This chapter virtually illuminates the invisible universe of subatomic dynamics through mathematical formalism and probability theory rather than empiricism based on instrumentation. A series of strange discoveries go into the making of the New Science and a discussion of the process constitutes the core of this chapter. Max Planck’s proposition of the Quanta, Niels Bohr’s discovery of objects’ non-observable and immeasurable complementary properties, Erwin Schrodinger’s interpretation of the object-subject split as a figment of imagination, Werner Karl Heisenberg’s enunciation of the Uncertainty Principle precluding the possibility of precision about certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, Kurt Friedrich Godel’s thesis of Undecidability based on his incompleteness theorems demonstrating certain inherent limits of provability about formal axiomatic theories, Murray Gell-Mann’s theory of Complexity in particle physics, Richard Feynman’s thesis on quantum mechanics, and Einstein’s theories of relativity, literally shook Newtonian physics of certainty with problems of uncertainty and subjectivity. At the end, the chapter makes a review of speculative thoughts and imagination about the dynamics of subatomic micro-universe as well as the mechanics of the galactic macro-universe.
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Malli, Gabriel. "The Headscarf as a Discursive Battlefield Positions of the Current Discourse on Muslim Veiling in Austria and Germany." In Antichistica. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-521-6/011.

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Practices of Muslim female veiling are a frequent object of concern in the political debate in Austria and Germany. Reviewing current empirical and theoretical literature on the issue, I will try to trace relevant positions of the current debate employing a theoretical framework based on poststructuralist discourse theory. As I want to show, dominant discursive positions frequently refer to the oppressive element of the headscarf, understand it as opposed to shared ‘Western’ values or interpret it as an element of a process of Islamisation. Other, often marginalised speakers try to constitute veiling as a matter of freedom of religion, as a spiritual endeavour or as an act of resistance. Many of the positions represented in the public discourse, I argue, tend to overlook the variety of experiences Muslim women face at the intersection of various forms of dominance, and make invisible some of the multiple layers of meaning the practice of veiling is imbued with.
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Johnson, Ryan J. "The Albumen B: The Act." In Deleuze, A Stoic. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474462150.003.0009.

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Give time’s double-sided structure, we then consider implications of this theory on the status of an ethical act. To do this, we consider the “event of death,” specifically the suicides of Seneca and Deleuze. We then take up Deleuze’s seemingly mysterious suggestion that chronos and aion correspond to two methods of interpretation (divination and usage of representations), two moral attitudes (cosmic and singular perspectives) and two ethical tasks (actualization and counter-actualization). All these pairs align. We concretize everything through the figure of the Stoic sage, and Deleuze’s favorite example of the Stoic sage is the wounded surrealist poet Joe Bousquet. Through the “Bousquet proposition,” which concerns the fated nature of the poet’s wartime wound, we find that the act and the event form the same paradoxical object, viewed either from one side (the act), or the other (the event), and counter-actualization is the evental task that corresponds to the act. We end by twisting Deleuze and Guattari’s chapter from A Thousand Plateaus (“How to Make Oneself a Body without Organs”) into a practical program on “how to make oneself a Stoic.” At the heart of this program is the dual affirmation of the Nietzschean/Stoic principle of amor fati.
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Fleming, James R. "John Tyndall, Svante Arrhenius, and Early Research on Carbon Dioxide and Climate." In Historical Perspectives on Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078701.003.0011.

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In the second half of the nineteenth century two prominent scientists, working in two distinct specialties, identified the importance of atmospheric trace constituents as efficient absorbers of long-wave radiation and as factors in climatic control. John Tyndall conducted the first convincing experiments on the radiative properties of gases, demonstrating that “perfectly colorless and invisible gases and vapours” were able to absorb and emit radiant heat. Svante Arrhenius, in pursuing his interests in meteorology and cosmic physics, demonstrated that variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration could have a very great effect on the overall heat budget and surface temperature of the planet. It would be a mistake, however, to consider either of these individuals as direct forerunners or prophets of contemporary climate concerns. Each of them had extremely broad scientific interests and pursued climate-related research as one interest among many. Tyndall worked on absorption in the near infrared at temperatures far above those of the terrestrial environment. Arrhenius, who has recently gained renewed attention as the “father” of the theory of the greenhouse effect, held assumptions and produced results that are not continuous with present-day climate research. . . . The solar heat possesses, in a far higher degree than that of lime light, the power of crossing an atmosphere; but, when the heat is absorbed by the planet, it is so changed in quality that the rays emanating from the planet cannot get with the same freedom back into space. Thus the atmosphere admits of the entrance of the solar heat, but checks its exit; and the result is a tendency to accumulate heat at the surface of the planet. —John Tyndall (1859). . . John Tyndall was born in Leighlin Bridge, County Carlow, Ireland, on August 2, 1820, the son of a part-time shoemaker and constable. He attended the national school in Carlow and, at the age of eighteen, joined the Irish Ordnance Survey as a draftsman and surveyor. In 1842, as the Irish survey neared completion, Tyndall was transferred to the English Survey at Preston, Lancashire, but due to his protests against the survey’s oppressive policies and incompetent management, he was dismissed.
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"GENDER nonetheless like oneself. The other also has self-conscious-ness, hence the reciprocity suggested by Hegel in the inter-subjective structure. Of this structure, Hegel remarks that 'a self-consciousness, in being an object, is just as much "I" as "object". With this, we already have the concept of Spirit. . . Spirit is . . . the absolute substance which is the unity of the different independent self-consciousnesses . . . Self-con-sciousness exists in and for itself, when, and by the fact that, it so exists for another, that is, it exists only in being acknowledged'. Thus Geist names the unity of distinct self-reflexive subjects qua social unity. Moreover, Hegel's think-ing on Geist implicitly shows how the concept is fundamen-tally empty unless it comes into being as a result of a hermeneutics of self-conscious reciprocity. Such a determi-nation on Hegel's part is what allows him to propose human history as a history of spirit, where spirit comes to manifest itself in and through the conscious relationships of human beings who acknowledge their shared being. More generally, the term denotes the manner in which we imagine or con-ceive of nationhood, culture and social or political move-ments, in the form of a shared 'spirit' which constitutes our identity as English, German, American, Liberal, Democrat, Socialist and so on. Hence, geist refers to our shared assump-tions - often unarticulated except as the idea of national identity, for example - or cultural ideology, by which same-ness is asserted at the expense of that which is different or other within the constitution of identity. However, because the term is doubled and divided 'internally' by its different meanings and is therefore haunted by the condition of undecidability, there is, as Jacques Derrida argues, always something 'invisible' within the idea of geist which disturbs the very premise of the shared assumption which is grounded on the notion of undifferentiated identity and what that seeks to exclude but which returns nonetheless. Gender—Term denoting the cultural constitution of notions concerning femininity or masculinity and the ways in which these serve ideologically to maintain gendered identities. In much sociological and feminist thought, gender is defined." In Key Concepts in Literary Theory. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315063799-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cosmic Theory for Invisible Object"

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Radicella, N., A. Tartaglia, Jean-Michel Alimi, and André Fuözfa. "Massive gravitational waves from the Cosmic Defect theory." In INVISIBLE UNIVERSE: Proceedings of the Conference. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462609.

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Wendl, Nora, and Julian Maltby. "A Metate, Micaceous Clay Pottery, and the ATLAS-1 Trestle: Mining the Interior Structures of Objects to Build Architectural Theory." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.107.

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In this graduate architectural theory course, students are asked to select an object (not a building) that brings together the environment and humans. First, they write observations of it—answering questions about its materiality, authorship, use, and lifespan, tracing its materiality back to its origins. This is a study of what Elaine Scarry refers to as the “interior structure” of objects: how objects “internalize within their design an active ‘awareness’ of human beings…that is not limited to their use.” Students then write a thesis statement connecting the interior structure of this object to a larger question within the theory of the built environment—examining architecture as related cultural object. The thesis statement is explored in a paper, and the paper is supplemented by a 3-minute film which seeks to reveal a tangible connection to the object and the theory underpinning it. For a student who chose to study an inherited metate, he observed the materiality of this tool for grinding corn—volcanic stone—proposing that “notions of time that are embedded in the cosmic scale of a metate can provide valuable insight into the way we design and construct buildings,” connecting the physicality of the metate to his own family’s origins, modernism’s avoidance of time, and the “dormant tectonics” of building with volcanic rock, which he’d learned during an internship in Mexico City. The companion film used footage of volcanic eruptions in Mexico, and the student using the metate, combining source and tool across time. For this session, we propose presenting the structure of this course, and three architectural theory papers it produced: papers whose origins were found in a metate, in the micaceous clay pottery of indigenous Taos Pueblo people, and in the ATLAS-1 Trestle at Kirtland Air Force Base, all objects specific to cultures within this region, and containing within their interior structures—as the students prove—theories applicable to the built environment.
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Luarasi, Skender. "A Proposal for the PhD in Architecture: Toward the “Nocturnal Sky,” and Toggling Between Research and Practice." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.40.

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If we accept the premise that architecture is an academic discipline in addition to being a professional one, then what is its object of study? What does it mean to teach, research and know architecture, today? Such questions have a history. Gottfried Semper, for example, had similar concerns in the nineteenth century. He was critical of an over-specialized education that thwarts the creative artistic spirit, one that “kills the very faculty that is actively responsible for the perception and, equally, the creation of art.” Semper thought, instead, that the “thirst for knowledge” must assume “the character of research and active, independent activity.” The object of this activity was to find an empirical theory of style in an age of industrial reproduction. Neither pure nor abstract, this theory would consist of the “inner law” governing those “constituent parts of form that are not form itself but rather the idea, the force, the material, and the means – in other words, the basic preconditions of form.” Semper’s Style is contemporaneous with other key texts of the nineteenth century such as Marx’s Capital and Darwin’s The Origin of Species. If the former deals with the reproduction of money and the latter with the reproduction of species, Semper’s Style deals with the reproduction of culture. The model for such reproduction is nature. The very first line of his “Prolegomena” reads: The nocturnal sky shows glimmering nebulae among the splendid miracle of stars - either old extinct systems scattered throughout the universe, cosmic dust taking shape around a nucleus, or a condition in between destruction and regeneration.
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