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Journal articles on the topic 'Cosolvency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Nayak, Amit Kumar, and Prachi Prava Panigrahi. "Solubility Enhancement of Etoricoxib by Cosolvency Approach." ISRN Physical Chemistry 2012 (April 18, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/820653.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine and compare the cosolvency using three different cosolvents, namely PEG 400, PG, and glycerin on the aqueous solubility enhancement of a poorly aqueous soluble drug, etoricoxib, since solubilization of nonpolar drugs constitutes one of the important tasks in the formulation design of liquid dosage forms. The aqueous solubility of etoricoxib was mg/mL, which was significantly improved by the addition of PEG 400, PG, and glycerin as cosolvents. It was scrutinized that the less-polar solvents were found to increase the aqueous solubility by greater extent, thus accentuating hydrophobic interaction mechanism. Among various solvent-cosolvent blends investigated, water-PEG 400 showed highest solubilization potential. Thus, the study generated an important array of data to compare the effect of these cosolvents on the aqueous solubility of etoricoxib.

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2

Jouyban, Abolghasem. "Review of the cosolvency models for predicting solubility of drugs in water-cosolvent mixtures." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 20, 2008): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3pp4k.

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The cosolvency models presented from 1960 to 2007 were reviewed and their accuracies for correlating and/or predicting the solubility of drugs in water-cosolvent mixtures were discussed. The cosolvency models could be divided into theoretical, semi-empirical and empirical models, the first group of models provide basic information from the solution, while the last group of models are good suitable for solubility correlation studies. The simplest cosolvency model, i.e. the log-linear model of Yalkowsky, provides an estimate of drug solubility in water-cosolvent mixtures using aqueous solubility of the drug, whereas the Jouyban-Acree model predicts the solubility with an acceptable error with the cost of one more data point (the solubility in neat cosolvent) which is required as input value in the prediction process. A number of error terms used in the literature was also discussed with a brief comments on the acceptable prediction error for pharmaceutical applications.

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3

Xiao, Rui, Jin Qian, and Shaoxing Qu. "Modeling Gel Swelling in Binary Solvents: A Thermodynamic Approach to Explaining Cosolvency and Cononsolvency Effects." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 05 (June 2019): 1950050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500509.

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If gel swells in binary solvents, two unusual phenomena may appear. Two solvents with relatively low swelling ability may become a good solvent for the polymer with high swelling ability when mixed, which is known as a cosolvency effect. In contrast, a cononsolvency effect indicates polymer is less soluable in solvent mixtures than it is in each of the cosolvents. In this work, we develop a thermodynamic theory to describe the equilibrium swelling behaviors of gels in binary solvents based on the Flory–Huggins lattice model. The model can reproduce both cosolvency and cononsolvency effects, showing that these effects are caused by the preferential absorption of the solvent by polymer together with solvent–solvent interactions. The model is also applied to describe experimentally observed cosolvency and cononsolvency effects in the literature, which shows an acceptable agreement.

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4

Paan, Padma, Xiaosong Chen, and Clayton J. Clark II. "Effect of Cosolvents on Toxaphene Aqueous Solubility." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 2 (2006): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05058.

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Environmental Context.Remediation of sites contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds is a significant priority. Toxaphene was widely used as a pesticide until its ban by the USA Environmental Protection Agency, but its prevalence in the environment continues to make it a significant priority pollutant. The present research examined the effectiveness of the cosolvents methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and propanol in increasing toxaphene solubility in water for easier removal in potential field remediation applications. Cosolvents were found to increase toxaphene solubility in water nearly a thousand-fold, and show they can greatly increase the efficiency of removing toxaphene from contaminated soil with water flushing. Abstract.Remediation of sites contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds is a significant priority in the environmental field. Toxaphene was widely used as a pesticide until it was banned by USA Environmental Protection Agency, but its prevalence in the environment continues to make it a significant priority pollutant. The present research examined the effectiveness of the cosolvents methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and propanol in increasing toxaphene aqueous solubility for potential in situ flushing application. Aqueous solubility of toxaphene was found to increase as a function of cosolvent fraction increase in solution. Cosolvency powers for methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and propanol were determined to be 3.43, 3.64, 3.51, and 3.91 respectively. Experimentally derived data were found to compare favourably to theoretically derived data from established log–linear models, including the modified Universal Quasichemical Functional Group Activity Coefficient model. Solubility of toxaphene in water was also noted to increase with an increase in the number of carbon atoms of the cosolvents in solution, and branched cosolvents solubilized less toxaphene than straight-chained alcohols of equivalent length, and mass. Potential applications of the present research include chemical and environmental remediation of sites or aquifers contaminated not only with toxaphene, but also potentially other pesticides and complex hazardous chemicals.

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5

Jouyban-Gharamaleki, A. "Comparison of various cosolvency models for calculating solute solubility in water–cosolvent mixtures." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 177, no. 1 (January 15, 1999): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00333-0.

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6

Gorle, Ashish Prakash, and Shubham Sunil Chopade. "Liquisolid Technology: Preparation, Characterization and Applications." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3-s (June 15, 2020): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4067.

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With the advent of high throughput screening, drugs are emerging to be more lipophilic and less hydrophilic. Liquisolid Technology aims at solubility enhancement of such entities via cosolvency concept in a relatively minimalistic setup where there is no need of sophisticated machinery and is cost effective. It involves constituting a drug into molecular dispersion via a non-volatile solvent and then transforming it into a dry looking, free flowing compressible powder. This article aims at mapping Liquisolid Technology where its preparation techniques and potential applications are reviewed. An overview of the performance of Liquisolid in areas of dissolution enhancement, zero order release, photostability enhancement, liquipellets and its role in natural product formulations is recorded for a number of drugs. Keywords: Liquisolid, Dissolution Enhancement, Flowability, Compressibility, Cosolvency

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7

Barzegar-Jalali, M., and A. Jouyban-Gharamaleki. "A general model from theoretical cosolvency models." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 152, no. 2 (June 1997): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(97)04922-3.

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8

Rao, P. Suresh C., Linda S. Lee, and Rodolfo Pinal. "Cosolvency and sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals." Environmental Science & Technology 24, no. 5 (May 1990): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00075a005.

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9

Han, Suk Kyu, Gap Yul Kim, and Yong Hun Park. "Solubilization of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate by Cosolvency." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 25, no. 11 (January 1999): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ddc-100102287.

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10

Nokhodchi, A., J. Shokri, M. Barzegar-Jalali, and T. Ghafourian. "Prediction of benzodiazepines solubility using different cosolvency models." Il Farmaco 57, no. 7 (July 2002): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01247-8.

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11

Li, An, and Samuel H. Yalkowsky. "Predicting Cosolvency. 1. Solubility Ratio and Solute logKow." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37, no. 11 (November 1998): 4470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie980232v.

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12

Li, An, and Samuel H. Yalkowsky. "Predicting Cosolvency. 2. Correlation with Solvent Physicochemical Properties." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37, no. 11 (November 1998): 4476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie980233n.

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13

Hasch, Bruce M., Melchior A. Meilchen, Sang-Ho Lee, and Mark A. Mchugh. "Cosolvency effects on copolymer solutions at high pressure." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31, no. 4 (March 30, 1993): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310407.

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14

Celda, B., A. Campos, R. Tejero, and J. E. Figueruelo. "Cosolvency in n-alkane-butanone-poly(dimethylsiloxane) systems." European Polymer Journal 22, no. 2 (January 1986): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(86)90107-2.

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15

Jin, In Jung, Young Ill Ko, Young Mi Kim, and Suk Kyu Han. "Solubilization of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid by cosolvency." Archives of Pharmacal Research 20, no. 3 (June 1997): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02976156.

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16

Milavec, Justin, Geoffrey R. Tick, Mark L. Brusseau, and Kenneth C. Carroll. "1,4-Dioxane cosolvency impacts on trichloroethene dissolution and sorption." Environmental Pollution 252 (September 2019): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.156.

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17

Soltanpour, Shahla, and Zahra Bastami. "Thermodynamic solubility of piroxicam in propylene glycol + water mixtures at 298.2-323.2 K: Data report and modeling." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 80, no. 4 (2015): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc131110036s.

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The solubility of piroxicam (66 data points) in binary mixtures of propylene glycol (PG) + water at six different temperatures which ranged from 298.2 K to 323.2 K were reported. Three different cosolvency models; Yalkowsky, Jouyban-Acree and combined version of the Jouyban-Acree model with van?t Hoff approach, have been used for correlating the reported data. All the analyses results show the acceptable range of the error percentages.

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18

Lou, Yajing, Yongli Wang, Yang Li, Meng He, Nannan Su, Ruilin Xu, Xianze Meng, Baohong Hou, and Chuang Xie. "Thermodynamic equilibrium and cosolvency of florfenicol in binary solvent system." Journal of Molecular Liquids 251 (February 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.046.

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19

Hatefi, Ayda, Abolghasem Jouyban, Esmail Mohammadian, William E. Acree, and Elaheh Rahimpour. "Prediction of paracetamol solubility in cosolvency systems at different temperatures." Journal of Molecular Liquids 273 (January 2019): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.031.

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20

Li, An. "Predicting Cosolvency. 3. Evaluation of the Extended Log-Linear Model." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40, no. 22 (October 2001): 5029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie010475e.

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21

Tous, S. S., A. M. El Sayed, M. G. Abd El Mohsen, M. N. Agban, and M. F. Boushra. "Enhancement of nalidixic acid solubility via cosolvency and solid dispersion." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (2012): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50057-2.

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22

Lee, Sang Min, and Young Chan Bae. "A cosolvency effect on tunable thermosensitive core–shell nanoparticle gels." Soft Matter 11, no. 19 (2015): 3936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00448a.

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Schematic depiction of a core–shell structure composed of the PMMA core and the PHEMA shell, and the influence of three co-solvents on the volume transition temperature of the core–shell gels in 1-propanol solution.

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23

Coutinho, Fernanda M. B., Marı́a Luz La Torre, and Denilson Rabelo. "Cosolvency effect on the porous structure formation of styrene divinylbenzene copolymers." European Polymer Journal 34, no. 5-6 (May 1998): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00195-x.

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24

Corseuil, Henry X., Beatriz I. A. Kaipper, and Marilda Fernandes. "Cosolvency effect in subsurface systems contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and ethanol." Water Research 38, no. 6 (March 2004): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.015.

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25

Chen, Xin, Hala M. Fadda, Aktham Aburub, Dinesh Mishra, and Rodolfo Pinal. "Cosolvency approach for assessing the solubility of drugs in poly(vinylpyrrolidone)." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 494, no. 1 (October 2015): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.016.

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26

Jouyban, Abolghasem, Nora Yat Knork Chew, Hak-Kim Chan, Mohammad Sabour, and William Eugene Acree, Jr. "A Unified Cosolvency Model for Calculating Solute Solubility in Mixed Solvents." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 53, no. 6 (2005): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.634.

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27

Yu, Yunlong, Bernard D. Kieviet, Edit Kutnyanszky, G. Julius Vancso, and Sissi de Beer. "Cosolvency-Induced Switching of the Adhesion between Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes." ACS Macro Letters 4, no. 1 (December 26, 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mz500775w.

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28

Marcheselli, L., A. Marchetti, M. Tagliazucchi, L. Tassi, and G. Tosi. "The Relative Permittivity of 1,2-Dimethoxyethane/Water Solvent Mixtures From -10 to 80°C." Australian Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 5 (1993): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9930633.

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Relative permittivities (є) and the excess property (єE) for the binary mixtures formed by 1,2-dimethoxyethane with water have been measured at various temperatures in the range from -10 to +80°C. These mixtures have interesting properties for electroanalytical applications. Their study should help in understanding the phenomenology of cosolvency towards ionizable and inert solutes. The results of the єE analysis are discussed in terms of the influence of interactions between the components, order and degree of packing in the mixtures, and any other structural effect which occurs in solution.

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29

Shi, Hongwei, Yong Xie, Jigui Xu, Xiaojie Zhang, and Hongyan Wang. "Cosolvency and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of Chloroxine in Some Binary Solvent System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 63, no. 9 (August 3, 2018): 3353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.8b00257.

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30

Haasbeek, John F. "Effects of cosolvency in the fate and transport of PCBs in soil." Remediation Journal 4, no. 3 (September 1994): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440040306.

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31

Chawla, Monica, Rodolfo Pinal, Kenneth R. Morris, and Samuel H. Yalkowsky. "Cosolvency. I. some non‐hydrogen bonding solutes with non‐hydrogen bonding solvents." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 4 (July 1987): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248709357235.

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32

Osaka, Noboru, Kenta Okauchi, Yuhei Eki, and Yukihiro Noda. "Unexpected cosolvency of water on poly(propylene glycol) in hydrophobic ionic liquid." Colloid and Polymer Science 297, no. 10 (September 2, 2019): 1375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-019-04551-0.

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33

Jouyban, Abolghasem. "Review of the Cosolvency Models for Predicting Drug Solubility in Solvent Mixtures: An Update." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 22 (September 23, 2019): 466–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/jpps30611.

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The cosolvency models frequently used in solubility data modeling of drugs in mixed solvents were reviewed and their accuracies for calculating the solubility of solutes were briefly discussed. The models could be used either for correlation of the generated solubility data with temperature, solvent composition etc or for prediction of unmeasured solubility data using interpolation/extrapolation technique. Concerning the correlation results employing a given number of independent variables, the accuracies of the investigated models were comparable, since they could be converted to a single mathematical form, however, the accuracies were decreased when models emplyed more independent variables. The accurate correlative models could be employed for prediction purpose and/or screening the experimental solubility data to detect possible outliers. With regard to prediction results, the best predictions were made using the cosolvency models trained by a minimum number of experimental data points and an ab initio accurate prediction is not possible so far and further mathematical efforts are needed to provide such a tool. To connect this gap between available accurate correlative models with the ab initio predictive model, the generally trained models for calculating the solubility of various drugs in different binary mixtures, various drugs in a given binary solvent and also a given drug in various binary solvents at isothermal condition and/or different temperatures were reported. Available accuracy criteria used in the recent publications were reviewed including mean percentage deviation (MPD). The MPD for correlative models is 1-10% whereas the corresponding range for predictive models is 10-80% depend on the model capability and the number of independent variables employed by the model. This is an update for a review article published in this journal in 2008.

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34

Mohammadian, Esmail, Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali, and Elaheh Rahimpour. "Solubility prediction of lamotrigine in cosolvency systems using Abraham and Hansen solvation parameters." Journal of Molecular Liquids 276 (February 2019): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.043.

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35

Xu, Renjie, Chunjuan Huang, and Haixia Zhang. "Diflufenican Dissolved in Different Aqueous Cosolvency Mixtures: Equilibrium Solubility Measurement and Thermodynamic Modeling." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 65, no. 11 (October 1, 2020): 5516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.0c00631.

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36

Pinal, Rodolfo, P. Suresh C. Rao, Linda S. Lee, Patricia V. Cline, and Samuel H. Yalkowsky. "Cosolvency of partially miscible organic solvents on the solubility of hydrophobic organic chemicals." Environmental Science & Technology 24, no. 5 (May 1990): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00075a004.

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37

Dudowicz, Jacek, Karl F. Freed, and Jack F. Douglas. "Communication: Cosolvency and cononsolvency explained in terms of a Flory-Huggins type theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 143, no. 13 (October 7, 2015): 131101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932061.

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38

Djokic-Stojanovic, Dusica, Zoran Todorovic, Dragan Troter, Olivera Stamenkovic, Ljiljana Veselinovic, Miodrag Zdujic, Dragan Manojlovic, and Vlada Veljkovic. "Influence of various cosolvents on the calcium oxide-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 84, no. 3 (2019): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc180827007d.

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Ten organic solvents (triethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, triethylamine, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane) were applied as cosolvents in the CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil performed in a batch stirred reactor under the following reaction conditions: temperature 70 ?C, ethanol-to-oil mole ratio 12:1, initial catalyst concentration 1.374 mol?L-1 and amount of cosolvent 20 % based on the oil amount. The main goals were to assess the effect of the used cosolvents on the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and to select the most efficient one with respect to the final FAEE content, reaction duration and safety profile. In the absence of any cosolvent, the reaction was rather slow, providing a FAEE content of only 89.7?1.7 % after 4 h. Of the tested cosolvents, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and ethylene glycol significantly accelerated the ethanolysis reaction, whereby the last two provided a final FAEE content of 93.1?2.1 and 94.1?1.5 %, respectively, within 0.5 h. However, because of its safety profile, triethanolamine was selected as the best cosolvent for the ethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcined CaO.

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39

Soerens, Thomas S., and David A. Sabatini. "Cosolvency Effects on Sorption of a Semipolar, Ionogenic Compound (Rhodamine WT) with Subsurface Materials." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 6 (June 1994): 1010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00055a008.

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40

Jafari, Parisa, Elaheh Rahimpour, William E. Acee, and Abolghasem Jouyban. "Prediction of drug solubility in ethylene glycol + water mixtures using generally trained cosolvency models." Journal of Molecular Liquids 328 (April 2021): 115325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115325.

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41

Rahimpour, Elaheh, and Abolghasem Jouyban. "Utilizing Abraham and Hansen solvation parameters for solubility prediction of meloxicam in cosolvency systems." Journal of Molecular Liquids 328 (April 2021): 115400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115400.

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42

Richard, Bradley, Mohammad Azmi Bustam, and Girma Gonfa. "Separation of Benzene and Cyclohexane with Mixed Solvent Using Extractive Distillation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.578.

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Isothermal Vapour-liquid equilibrium for cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) binary system, cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) dimethylformamide (3) ternary system and cyclohexane (1) + benzene (2) dimethylformamide (3) + cosolvent (4) quaternary systems were obtained. The effects of cosolvents (diethyl glycol, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylformamide) on the performance of dimethylformamide in benzene-cyclohexane separation were studied. The result shows the selected cosolvents suppress the effectiveness of dimethylformamide. The result also shows that the ratio of cosolvents to dimethylformamide affects the separation factor.

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43

Ahmed, Iqbal, Ani Idris, Muhammad Saad Khan, Sujan Chowdhury, and Junaid Akhtar. "Effect of Acetone on Physical Properties of PES Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.545.

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In the present study, polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution were prepared from mixtures of two solvents containing dimethylformamide (DMF) as core solvent, and acetone as co-solvent (CS), deionized water was used as coagulant bath. The amount of PES was kept at 20 wt% and the weight ratios of acetone were varied 20-24 wt.% to DMF and the dope solutions were prepared under closed heating system Results revealed the complete miscibility of PES with the fixed mixture of acetone and DMF under atmospheric pressure. The relationships between degree of adsorption, relative water absorption, were investigated. The results revealed that the interaction of DMF and acetone is strongest when their mole ratio is unity, which exhibit the phenomenon of true cosolvency for PES membrane. Keywords: polyethersulfone, solvent mixture, characterization.

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44

Abdul Rasool, Bazigha K., AlZahraa Khalifa, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, and Rawoof Khan. "Employment of Alginate Floating In Situ Gel for Controlled Delivery of Celecoxib: Solubilization and Formulation Studies." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1879125.

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Celecoxib (CXB) is a COX-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to control pain and various inflammatory conditions. CXB has limited oral bioavailability and a slow dissociation rate due to its poor water solubility. In order to enhance the oral bioavailability of CXB and reduce the frequency of administration, the present study was aimed at enhancing the aqueous solubility of CXB by a cosolvency technique and then at formulating and evaluating a CXB in situ floating gelling system for sustained oral delivery. Three cosolvents, namely, PEG 600, propylene glycol, and glycerin, at different concentrations, were used to solubilize CXB. Particle size analysis was performed to confirm the solubility of CXB in the solutions. The floating in situ gel formulations were then prepared by the incorporation of the CXB solution into sodium alginate solutions (0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/v). Formulations, in sol form, were then in vitro characterized for their physical appearance, pH, and rheological behaviors, while formulations in gel form were evaluated for their floating behavior and in vitro drug release studies. FTIR spectroscopy was performed to examine drug-polymer interaction. The selected formula was evaluated biologically for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Results revealed that the less-polar solvent PEG 600 at 80% v/v had the highest solubilization potential, and it was used to optimize the in situ gel formulation. The candidate formula (F3) was found to have the highest sodium alginate concentration (1% w/v) and showed the optimum sustained release profile with the Higuchi model release kinetics. The results from the FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed noticeable drug-polymer molecular interaction. Moreover, F3 exhibited a significantly higher percentage of paw edema inhibition at 8 h compared with the reference drug (p<0.05). Also, it showed a sustained duration of analgesia that persisted for the entire experimental time.

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45

Rabelo, D., and F. M. B. Coutinho. "Cosolvency effects of benzyl alcohol and heptane on the formation of macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers." Polymer Bulletin 31, no. 5 (November 1993): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00297896.

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46

Xu, Guangyu, Fanyuan Zhang, and Zhenghui Li. "Study on Ciprofibrate Equilibrium Solubility and Thermodynamic Correlation in Four Aqueous Cosolvency Mixtures at Saturation." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 66, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 3189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.1c00276.

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47

Zheng, Yan-Zhen, Hong Chen, Yu Zhou, Deng Geng, Hong-Yan He, and Li-Ming Wu. "The structure and hydrogen-bond properties of N-alkyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and DMSO mixtures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 48 (2020): 28021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03640d.

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Mixing ionic liquids (ILs) with cosolvents can extend the practical applications of ILs and overcome the drawbacks of neat ILs. Studies on the structure and hydrogen-bond interaction properties of IL–cosolvent mixtures is essential for chemical applications.

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48

Kuzmina, Olga, Thomas Heinze, and Dariusz Wawro. "Blending of Cellulose and Chitosan in Alkyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids." ISRN Polymer Science 2012 (December 3, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/251950.

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The production of cellulose/chitosan blends in alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) was studied in this work. Selected organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether, were used as cosolvents. The addition of cosolvents decreased the viscosity of cellulose/chitosan solutions in ILs and facilitated the dissolution of polysaccharides, thereby decreasing the and polymer aggregates sizes in the solutions. The cellulose/chitosan films were produced from the studied solutions. The presence of one of cosolvent and ILs in the blended films was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The blended film is stronger than pure cellulose film, and the addition of cosolvents has an influence on its mechanical properties.

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Yoneda, Shinya, Wenjuan Han, Urara Hasegawa, and Hiroshi Uyama. "Facile fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) monolith via thermally induced phase separation by utilizing unique cosolvency." Polymer 55, no. 15 (June 2014): 3212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.031.

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50

Fortenberry, R., D. H. H. Kim, N. Nizamidin, S. Adkins, G. W. W. Pinnawala Arachchilage, H. Koh, U. Weerasooriya, and G. A. A. Pope. "Use of Cosolvents To Improve Alkaline/Polymer Flooding." SPE Journal 20, no. 02 (June 18, 2014): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166478-pa.

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Summary We have found that the addition of low concentrations of certain inexpensive light cosolvents to alkaline/polymer (AP) solutions dramatically improves the performance of AP corefloods in two important ways. First, the addition of cosolvent promotes the formation of low-viscosity microemulsions rather than viscous macroemulsions. Second, these light cosolvents greatly improve the phase behavior in a way that can be tailored to a particular oil, temperature, and salinity. This new chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) technology uses polymer for mobility control and has been termed alkali/cosolvent/polymer (ACP) flooding. ACP corefloods perform as well as alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) corefloods while being simpler and more robust. We report 12 successful ACP corefloods using four different crude oils ranging from 12 to 24°API. The ACP process shows special promise for heavy oils, which tend to have large fractions of soap-forming acidic components, but is applicable across a wide range of oil gravity.

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