Dissertations / Theses: 'Cost analysis tools'

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Tallapragada, Pavan K. "Mechanistic-based performance prediction and life cycle cost analysis tools." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1116271787.

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Filho, JosÃ Osmar Fontenele. "Analysis of the importance of tools for Cost Management Environment Construction." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15246.

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nÃo hÃ O setor da construÃÃo civil, notadamente o subsetor de edificaÃÃes, tem experimentado, no decorrer dos Ãltimos anos, um crescimento dos custos de produÃÃo acima dos indexadores tradicionais de inflaÃÃo. Adicionalmente a este fato, observou-se um aumento da concorrÃncia e uma consequente necessidade de uma gestÃo de custos mais eficiente e assertiva. O presente trabalho tem como finalidade a anÃlise da relaÃÃo entre a implantaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de planejamento e de controle de custos oriundas do gerenciamento de projetos e os resultados operacionais dos projetos de uma organizaÃÃo do ramo de construÃÃo civil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratÃria com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, utiliza como estratÃgia de pesquisa um estudo de caso. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta um grupo focal e anÃlise documental. Seis tÃcnicas foram consideradas de alta importÃncia para os resultados dos projetos da organizaÃÃo: Estimativa bottom-up; Gerenciamento do valor agregado; Estimativa paramÃtrica; Software de gerenciamento de projetos; Software de estimativa de gerenciamento de projetos e previsÃo. Estas ferramentas devem ser priorizadas na implantaÃÃo de gestÃo de custos de organizaÃÃes do setor de construÃÃo civil. Verificou-se que as previsÃes orÃamentÃrias foram mais precisas apÃs a implantaÃÃo de ferramentas de gestÃo de custos. Os desvios encontrados nos projetos que nÃo experimentaram as tÃcnicas de gestÃo de custos sÃo suficientes para comprometer o resultado financeiro dos projetos. O valor da construÃÃo por Ãrea equivalente de construÃÃo permaneceu estÃvel, evidenciando que outros fatores podem influenciar de forma significativa custo unitÃrio.

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Gee, Kaitlyn Elizabeth. "Numerical tools for rate-cost-quality analysis of laser-based additive manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127160.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020 Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84). AM expands the design space in an unprecedented manner, as it can allow complex internal geometries, support multiple materials or structural gradients, significantly reduce lead times for small-batch production, and enable mass customization [1]. However, the adoption of AM in industry is hindered by our lack of design knowledge and inability to navigate the myriad considerations required to reliably produce high quality AM components economically. To quantitatively assess the tradeoffs between build rate, resolution and cost for AM processes, we present a physics-based rate and cost estimator for scanning laser based AM. The model takes a mesh representation of the part design as input, and uses a parametrized model of the rate-limiting physics of the build process to estimate the part-specific build time [2] [3]. From this build time estimate, per-part cost is calculated using a quantity-dependent activity-based model [4]. The model thus enables parametric analysis of tradeoffs between part quality (e.g., resolution), throughput, and cost. Additionally, we develop an analytical model to quantify the number of melting cycles the part undergoes during the print process as a metric of print quality. Integrated with our physics-based build time estimator, we articulate the tradeoff between build rate and print quality as a direct function of material properties, machine specifications, and print parameter selection. By conceptualizing and quantifying the relationships between part design, manufacturability, and cost, the computational design and decision-making tools developed here will enable optimal use of AM in real-world, production contexts. Given the complexity of designing for AM, these results produce valuable insight into otherwise complicated relationships between rate, cost and quality for SLM. For industry, this work will enable faster, cost-effective product production by identifying the most desirable print parameter sets. by Kaitlyn Elizabeth Gee. S.M. S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Chen, Chen. "Soft Computing-based Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Tools for Transportation Infrastructure Management." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28214.

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Increasing demands, shrinking financial and human resources, and increased infrastructure deterioration have made the task of maintaining the infrastructure systems more challenging than ever before. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an important tool for transportation infrastructure management, which is used extensively to support project level decisions, and is increasingly being applied to enhance network level analysis. However, traditional LCCA tools cannot practically and effectively utilize expert knowledge and handle ambiguous uncertainties. The main objective of this dissertation was to develop enhanced LCCA models using soft computing (mainly fuzzy logic) techniques. The proposed models use available "real-world" information to forecast life-cycle costs of competing maintenance and rehabilitation strategies and support infrastructure management decisions. A critical review of available soft computing techniques and their applications in infrastructure management suggested that these techniques provide appealing alternatives for supporting many of the infrastructure management functions. In particular, LCCA often utilizes information that is uncertain, ambiguous and incomplete, which is obtained from both existing databases and expert opinion. Consequently, fuzzy logic techniques were selected to enhance life-cycle cost analysis of transportation infrastructure investments because they provide a formal approach for the effective treatment of these types of information. The dissertation first proposes a fuzzy-logic-based decision-support model, whose inference rules can be customized according to agency's management policies and expert opinion. The feasibility and practicality of the proposed model is illustrated by its implementation in a life-cycle cost analysis algorithm for comparing and selecting pavement maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction (MR&R) policies. To enhance the traditional probabilistic LCCA model, the fuzzy-logic-based model is then incorporated into the risk analysis process. A fuzzy logic approach for determining the timing of pavement MR&R treatments in a probabilistic LCCA model for selecting pavement MR&R strategies is proposed. The proposed approach uses performance curves and fuzzy-logic triggering models to determine the most effective timing of pavement MR&R activities. The application of the approach in a case study demonstrates that the fuzzy-logic-based risk analysis model for LCCA can effectively produce results that are at least comparable to those of the benchmark methods while effectively considering some of the ambiguous uncertainty inherent to the process. Finally, the research establishes a systematic method to calibrate the fuzzy-logic based rehabilitation decision model using real cases extracted from the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. By reinterpreting the model in the form of a neuro-fuzzy system, the calibration algorithm takes advantage of the learning capabilities of artificial neural networks for tuning the fuzzy membership functions and rules. The practicality of the method is demonstrated by successfully tuning the treatment selection model to distinguish between rehabilitation (light overlay) and do-nothing cases. Ph. D.

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Stephens, Derek A. "Tools for Ergonomic Intervention: The Development and Analysis of a Cost Calculator." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1582268913341823.

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Al-Hamed, Heba, and Xiaojin Qiu. "A Model for Assessing Cost Effectiveness of Applying Lean Tools." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2292.

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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model for assessing cost effectiveness of applying lean tools. Themodel consists of eight phases: it starts by understanding customers' requirements using Voice of Customer(VOC) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) tools. In phase 2, the current state of plant is assessedusing lean profile charts based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC) measures. In phase 3 and phase 4,identification of critical problem(s) and generating of improvement suggestion(s) are performed. Phase 5provide evaluation of the cost effectiveness of implementing the suggested lean methods based on life cyclecost analysis (LCCA) and phase 6 prefers the right alternative based on multiple criteria decision making(MCDM). In phase 7 the selected alternative is supposed to be implemented and finally the user shouldmonitor and control the process to make sure that the improvement is going as planned. The model wasverified successfully using a case study methodology at one Swedish sawmill called Södra Timber inRamkvilla, one part of Södra group. Results obtained from the study showed that the production and humanresources perspectives are the most critical problem areas that need to be improved. They got the lowestscores in the lean profile, 63% and 68%, respectively. Using value stream mapping (VSM) it was found thatthe non value added (NVA) ratios for the core and side products are 87.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Usingthe model, three improvement alternatives were suggested and evaluated using LCCA and MCDM.Consequently, implementing 5S got the highest score, second came redesigning the facility layout.However, it was estimated that 4.7 % of NVA for the side product would be reduced by redesigning thefacility layout. The recommendations were suggested for the company to improve their performance. Thenovelty of the thesis is based on the fact that it addresses two main issues related to lean manufacturing:firstly, suggesting lean techniques based on assessment of lean profile that is based on BSC and QFD, andsecondly assessing the cost effectiveness of the suggested lean methods based on LCCA and MCDM. Thisthesis provides a generalized model that enables the decision-maker to know and measure, holistically, thecompany performance with respect to customer requirements. This will enable the company to analyze thecritical problems, suggest solutions, evaluate them and make a cost effective decision. Thus, the companycan improve its competitiveness.

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Silva, Carlos J. C. "An evaluation of the application of economic analysis and cost-benefit analysis tools in the DoD environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA380220.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 2000. Thesis advisor(s): Mehay, Stephen; Eaton, Donald R. "June 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95). Also available in print.

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Alhamed, Heba, and Xiaojin Qiu. "A model for Assessing Cost Effectiveness of Applying Lean Tools - A case study." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1590.

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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model for assessing cost effectiveness of applying lean tools. The model consists of eight phases: it starts by understanding customers' requirements using Voice of Customer (VOC) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) tools. In phase 2, the current state of plant is assessed using lean profile charts based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC) measures. In phase 3 and phase 4, identification of critical problem(s) and generating of improvement suggestion(s) are performed. Phase 5 provide evaluation of the cost effectiveness of implementing the suggested lean methods based on life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and phase 6 prefers the right alternative based on multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). In phase 7 the selected alternative is supposed to be implemented and finally the user should monitor and control the process to make sure that the improvement is going as planned. The model was verified successfully using a case study methodology at one Swedish sawmill called Södra Timber in Ramkvilla, one part of Södra group. Results obtained from the study showed that the production and human resources perspectives are the most critical problem areas that need to be improved. They got the lowest scores in the lean profile, 63% and 68%, respectively. Using value stream mapping (VSM) it was found that the non value added (NVA) ratios for the core and side products are 87.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Using the model, three improvement alternatives were suggested and evaluated using LCCA and MCDM. Consequently, implementing 5S got the highest score, second came redesigning the facility layout. However, it was estimated that 4.7 % of NVA for the side product would be reduced by redesigning the facility layout. The recommendations were suggested for the company to improve their performance. The novelty of the thesis is based on the fact that it addresses two main issues related to lean manufacturing: firstly, suggesting lean techniques based on assessment of lean profile that is based on BSC and QFD, and secondly assessing the cost effectiveness of the suggested lean methods based on LCCA and MCDM. This thesis provides a generalized model that enables the decision-maker to know and measure, holistically, the company performance with respect to customer requirements. This will enable the company to analyze the critical problems, suggest solutions, evaluate them and make a cost effective decision. Thus, the company can improve its competitiveness.

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Sahin, Haci Bayram. "Analysing Design Parameters Of Hydroelectric Power Plant Projects To Develop Cost Decision Models By Using Regresion And Neural Network Tools." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611462/index.pdf.

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Energy is increasingly becoming more important in today&rsquo s world. Ascending of energy consumption due to development of technology and dense population of earth causes greenhouse effect. One of the most valuable energy sources is hydro energy. Because of limited energy sources and excessive energy usage, cost of energy is rising. There are many ways to generate electricity. Among the electricity generation units, hydroelectric power plants are very important, since they are renewable energy sources and they have no fuel cost. Electricity is one of the most expensive input in production. Every hydro energy potential should be considered when making investment on this hydro energy potential. To decide whether a hydroelectric power plant investment is feasible or not, project cost and amount of electricity generation of the investment should be precisely estimated. This study is about cost estimation of hydroelectric power plant projects. Many design parameters and complexity of construction affect the cost of hydroelectric power plant projects. In this thesis fifty four hydroelectric power plant projects are analyzed. The data set is analyzed by using regression analysis and artificial neural network tools. As a result, two cost estimation models have been developed to determine the hydroelectric power plant project cost in early stage of the project.

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Akofio-Sowah, Margaret-Avis. "Quantifying the benefits of ancillary transportation asset management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42911.

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Historically, transportation asset management has focused on roadways and bridges, but more recently, many agencies are looking to extend their programs to ancillary assets such as traffic signs and guardrails. This thesis investigates the state of practice of managing these assets in order to assess the data and system needs for successful program implementation, and further reviews the opportunities for making a business case for formal management procedures based on quantified benefits of managing ancillary assets. The asset classes, selected from a review of asset management literature, include culverts, earth retaining structures, guardrails, mitigation features, pavement markings, sidewalks and curbs, street lights, traffic signals, traffic signs and utilities and manholes, with data as an information asset. Findings from a literature review showed that a number of agencies have made substantial efforts to manage their ancillary transportation assets; however, methods and practices vary. Specific state and municipal agencies identified from the literature review were surveyed for further details on their practices. The survey results show significant knowledge gaps in data collection cost estimates, and cost savings from the implementation of a transportation asset management program for ancillary assets. Finally, this work evaluates the opportunities to quantify the benefits of ancillary transportation asset management, indicating several challenges due to a lack of the data needed. The results obtained highlight the current state of practice, revealing opportunities and challenges for improving the management of ancillary transportation assets.

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John, Mervyn. "Critical path analysis using simulation techniques and selection of lean tools to multiple critical paths based on cost factor." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5180.

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A production system converts raw materials into finished goods by various processes. The processes could occur parallel in order to reduce the time taken to complete the processes. Critical path in production systems is the maximum time taken to complete processes occurring in parallel. Identifying critical paths are important because, in order to improve the cycle time emphasis needs to be given to the critical path. Critical path is usually a single path in deterministic processing times. Due to variability more than one path might tend to be critical within the same system. The initial part of this research focuses on identifying changes in critical paths in variable processing times and prioritization of paths. Several metrics such as critical path severity index, all path severity indexes, probability of critical path beyond standard time are used to identify the criticality of paths. Next, suitable tools are implemented within these paths in order to improve the probability of completion and reduce the costs due to delay. An economic analysis for using lean tools within the paths is done. The allocation of improvement tools is based on the variability of each process and the processing time Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering.

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TALLAPRAGADA, PAVAN KUMAR. "MECHANISTIC-BASED PERFORMANCE PREDICTION AND LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS TOOLS: AN APPLICATION TO THE OHIO ROUTE 50 TEST PAVEMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116271787.

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Gander, Brian David 1959. "A comparison of early reading outcomes and program costs in four primary reading programs for improved decision-making." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6279.

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xiii, 189 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT LB1573 .G238 2007 This study uses cost-effectiveness tools to support school site decision-makers. It looks at four reading protocols for first and second graders using common outcomes of early reading proficiency. Similar outcome measures are a requirement of cost-effectiveness analysis but are a common shortcoming of program evaluations as presented in the literature. The comparison of Success For All, a Reading First protocol, and two locally designed instructional protocols gives the reader an opportunity to review the reading alternatives. The review is undertaken to highlight program costs ranging from difficult to discern indirect costs to readily accessible budget expenditures. The qualities of good reading programs are characterized and the essential elements of cost-effectiveness tools delineated before applying their theoretical principles to four schools in a large Northwest city. Adviser: Gerald Tindal

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Collentine, Dennis. "Policies and tools for catchment management of water resources : field management, tradable permits and stakeholder participation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a433.pdf.

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Sen, Debayan. "A bi-level system dynamics modeling framework to evaluate costs and benefits of implementing Controller Pilot Data Link Communications and Decision Support Tools in a non-integrated and integrated scenario." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41886.

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A modeling framework to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementation of Con-troller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), and Air Traffic Management (ATM) decision support tools is proposed in this paper. The benefit/cost evaluation is carried out for four key alternatives namely alternative A: Do nothing scenario (only voice channel), alternative B: Voice channel supplemented with CPDLC, alternative C: Alternative B with ATM tools in a non-integrated scenario and finally alternative D: Alternative B with ATM tools in an integrated scenario. It is a bi-level model that cap-tures the linkages between various technologies at a lower microscopic level using a daily microscopic model (DATSIM) and transfers the measures of effectives to a higher macroscopic level. DATSIM stands for Data Link and Air Traffic Technologies SIMulation and it simulates air traffic in the enroute sector and terminal airspace for a single day and captures the measures of effectiveness at a microscopic level and feeds its output to the macroscopic annual model which then runs over the entire life cycle of the system. Airspace dwell time benefit data from the microscopic model is regressed into three dimensional benefit surfaces as a function of the equipage level of aircraft and aircraft density and embedded into the macroscopic model. The main function of the annual model is to ascertain economic viability of any deployment schedule or alternative over the entire life cycle of the system. The life cycle cost model is com-posed of four modules namely: Operational benefits module, Safety benefit module,Technology cost module and Training cost module. Analysis using the model showed that an enroute sector gets congested at aircraft den-sities greater 630 per day. This is mainly because the controller workload gets satu-rated at that traffic volume per day. Benefits realized in alternatives B, C and D as compared to alternative A increased exponentially at traffic densities greater than 630 i.e. when controller workload for alternative A becomes saturated. Master of Science

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Alexandre, Ilídio Francisco. "Manifestações patológicas em empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda executados em alvenaria estrutural : uma análise da relação de causa e efeito." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17357.

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A alvenaria estrutural vem ganhando um grande impulso no Brasil ao longo das últimas décadas, sendo cada vez mais utilizada, principalmente em empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social. No caso específico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos últimos dois anos, a maioria dos empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda foram executados com esse processo construtivo. Por exigência dos órgãos financiadores destes tipos de empreendimentos, as empresas construtoras dos mesmos devem ser possuidoras de certificação do seu sistema de gestão da qualidade. Entretanto, apesar desta certificação, tem-se observado a presença de manifestações patológicas, com predominância de fissuras, nos empreendimentos de baixa renda, por elas executadas. As causas das manifestações patológicas em empreendimentos construídos em alvenaria estrutural têm sido objeto de estudo de diversas pesquisas. Porém, não se fez até então um estudo das possíveis causas destas manifestações do ponto de vista multicausal, envolvendo as várias etapas do processo construtivo. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar as relações de causa e efeito entre as fissuras dos empreendimentos construídos em alvenaria estrutural e as suas causas, utilizando-se de ferramentas de melhorias da qualidade que adotam uma visão multi-casual, muito utilizadas em outras indústrias Para este estudo foram utilizados relatórios de monitoramento de execução de empreendimentos que pertencem aos modos de provisão habitacional do Programa de Arrendamento Residencial (PAR) e Imóvel na Planta (IP), no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, ambos gerenciados pela Caixa Econômica Federal. A pesquisa consistiu em: (a) revisão bibliográfica; (b) levantamento e análise dos dados provenientes dos relatórios, identificando falhas, recomendações técnicas e boas práticas adotadas pelas empresas construtoras; (c) aplicação de um método de análise de relações de causa e efeito composto por ferramentas da qualidade; e (d) geração de mapas de relações de causa e efeito, recomendações para tratamento das principais causas e listagem de algumas boas práticas construtivas. Através desta pesquisa foi possível verificar as principais falhas ao longo do processo construtivo em vários níveis de análise e analisar as relações de causa e efeito entre eles e propor uma priorização de melhorias da qualidade. Com base nesta priorização foi sistematizado um conjunto de recomendações técnicas e de boas práticas que podem ser disseminadas entre as empresas construtoras tendo em vista a melhoria da qualidade dos empreendimentos em estudo. Structural masonry has had a substantial development in Brazil in the last few decades, becoming increasingly important, especially in social interest housing projects. In the specific case of Rio Grande do Sul, in the last two years, most low cost housing projects have been built using this construction process. Due to the demand of the funding organizations, the construction companies that build those projects must have a certified quality management system. However, despite this certification, a large number of building pathologies have been observed in those projects, especially cracks. In fact, the causes of building pathologies in structural masonry buildings have been the focus of several research studies. However, very little has been investigated on the causes of those pathologies from a multi-causal perspective, considering several stages of the construction process. The main objective of this research work is to analyze the cause-effect relationships between cracks in structural masonry buildings and their causes, using quality improvement tools that provide such multi-causal perspective, widely used in other industries. This study was based on quality monitoring reports of projects from two housing programs, the Residential Leasing Program (PAR) and the Blue-print Program (IP), in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Both programs are managed by the National Savings Bank. The research study consisted of: (a) a literature review; (b) data collection and analysis using those reports, with the aim of identifying building failures, necessary improvements, and good practices adopted by construction companies; (c) application of a method for analyzing the cause-effect relationships which combined a set of quality tools; (d) development of cause-effect relationship maps, proposition of a set of improvements and a production of a list of good practices. Based on this study, it was possible to identify failures in the construction process, as well as to analyze the cause-effect relationships and propose some priorities in terms of improvements measures. Based on those priorities, a set of technical recommendations was established, as well as a list of good practices that should be disseminated among construction companies, in order to improve the quality of low-cost housing projects.

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Brown, Tamara M. "A revised cost-benefit analysis tool capable of analysing the effects of vocational rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47713/.

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Sickness absence and presenteeism are estimated to cost the UK economy £100 billion a year. Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) has been advocated within the UK, and internationally, as an effective means to address ill-health within the workplace; however, there is a paucity of research exploring its cost-effectiveness. A robust economic model, using evidence-based assumptions would assist in developing an evidence-base, as well as enable organisations to assess the cost-effectiveness of VR services they utilise. Within the UK, there is no economic tool for evaluating VR for the employed population. This research adapted an existing cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model creating a new practical CBA tool able to capture and analyse the effects of VR from an organisational perspective. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design, with two distinctly independently yet interactive phases was used. The quantitative phase consisted of three elements, firstly a systematic review to develop the outcomes in the CBA tool, namely sickness absence due to musculoskeletal and mental health conditions, presenteeism, and turnover. In order to develop these outcomes, new reference and intervention cases specifically for VR interventions were created using a mirror image of the traditional CBA model. Secondly, in order to generate data to test the new CBA tool, two pre-experimental repeated-measures within-group (time series) studies were conducted, exploring two in-house VR services, for employees with musculoskeletal and mental health conditions. Lastly, the new CBA tool was implemented and tested, and sensitivity and scenario analysis of the results were conducted. The qualitative phase consisted of an analysis of a focus group of VR service personnel to explore the practical utility of the new CBA tool. This research produced a practical CBA tool, capable of analysing the costs and benefits of VR services. The scenario and sensitivity analysis indicated that in order for the CBA results to be robust sufficient sample sizes would be needed. Organisation 1’s results (Net present value (NPV) = -£84,122.01, BCR = 0.05, n = 127) indicated that the VR service was not cost effective. Organisation 2’s results (NPV = £4,940.61, BCR = 1.17%, n = 43) indicate that the VR service was cost effective. Organisation 1 did not include turnover data and had known errors in the sickness absence data, which may account for this difference. The CBA tool was well-received by the VR personnel (n = 4), indicating that it was user-friendly, would help with objectively assessing the economic value of VR in different settings, and assist service design through identifying where to allocate resources. The new CBA tool is still in its early stages and can be developed further as the evidence-base in VR grows. This model lays the foundations for organisations to assess the costs/benefits of the services they provide or receive and for researchers to use in their economic evaluations of VR interventions.

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Билык, В. С., та V. S. Bilyk. "Экономическая эффективность использования основных средств на объектах топливно-энергетического комплекса : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/97944.

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От эффективности эксплуатации основных средств предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса зависит уровень затрат на их содержание. Большая часть основных средств предприятий выработала свой срок эксплуатации и требует принятия решения по их ликвидации, реконструкции или ремонту с продлением срока эксплуатации в соответствие с требованиями действующего законодательства. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка теоретико-методических положений по эффективному использованию основных средств на объектах топливно-энергетического комплекса. В работе рассматривается адаптивный для практического применения методический подход к оценке эффективности эксплуатации оборудования с истекающим сроком назначенного ресурса. Он описывает последовательность действий при подготовке формирования планов по реконструкции, диагностике, техническому обслуживанию и ремонту основного и вспомогательного оборудования, назначенный ресурс, или ресурс, продленный после проведения ЭПБ, которого подходит к концу. В качестве источников использовалась учебно-методическая и научно-исследовательская литература, результаты аналитических исследований автора и данные корпоративной статистики. В магистерской диссертации был разработан подход к оценке эффективности эксплуатации основных средств, в том числе с истекшим сроком службы, который способствует росту экономических показателей предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса. The level of maintenance costs depends on the efficiency of the operation of fixed assets of fuel and energy complex enterprises. Most of the fixed assets of enterprises have developed their service life and require a decision on their liquidation, reconstruction or repair with the extension of the service life in accordance with the requirements of current legislation. The purpose of the master's thesis is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions for the effective use of fixed assets at the facilities of the fuel and energy complex. The paper considers an adaptive for practical application methodological approach to assessing the efficiency of equipment operation with the expiration of the assigned resource. It describes the sequence of actions in preparing the formation of plans for the reconstruction, diagnosis, maintenance and repair of main and auxiliary equipment, the assigned resource, or the resource extended after the EPB, which is coming to an end. The sources used were educational, methodological, and research literature, the results of the author's analytical research, and corporate statistics. In the master's thesis, an approach was developed to assess the efficiency of the operation of fixed assets, including those with an expired service life, which contributes to the growth of economic indicators of fuel and energy complex enterprises.

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Kieser, Mark E. "Using value stream mapping as a tool to reduce manufacturing lead-time in the cabinet division at Nor-lake Incorporated." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004kieserm.pdf.

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Salter, Chris. "Economics of fire : exploring fire incident data for a design tool methodology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13199.

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Fires within the built environment are a fact of life and through design and the application of the building regulations and design codes, the risk of fire to the building occupants can be minimised. However, the building regulations within the UK do not deal with property protection and focus solely on the safety of the building occupants. This research details the statistical analysis of the UK Fire and Rescue Service and the Fire Protection Association's fire incident databases to create a loss model framework, allowing the designers of a buildings fire safety systems to conduct a cost benefit analysis on installing additional fire protection solely for property protection. It finds that statistical analysis of the FDR 1 incident database highlights the data collection methods of the Fire and Rescue Service ideally need to be changed to allow further risk analysis on the UK building stock, that the statistics highlight that the incidents affecting the size of a fire are the time from ignition to discovery and the presence of dangerous materials, that sprinkler activations may not be as high as made out by sprinkler groups and that the activation of an alarm system gives a smaller size fire. The original contribution to knowledge that this PhD makes is to analyse the FDR 1 database to try and create a loss model, using data from both the Fire Protection Association and the Fire and Rescue Service.

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Hudson, Daniel P. "An in-depth analysis of the Department of the Navy's targeted separation incentive program as a force-shaping tool." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FHudson.pdf.

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Murphy, Michael W., and Michael E. Barkenhagen. "The Sunset Supply Base long term COTS supportability, implementing affordable methods and processes." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1154.

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Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. This thesis represents a cross Systems Command (NAVSEA/NAVAIR) developed product. The product - the Sunset Supply Base (SSB) system - provides a complete system for addressing the risks and supportability issues involved with Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) products in Navy combat and support systems. The SSB system was implemented on three Navy combat weapon systems at various phases of the product development life cycle. The main body provides to the Program Management Offices (PMO) and other decision makers, a high level summary of performance expectations. Appendix A - The Sunset Supply Base Architecture - identifies at a high level of abstraction a collaborative architecture providing a roadmap for design and development of the SSB system. Appendix B - The Systems Engineering Development and Implementation (SEDI) plan - is a prescriptive or "How to" manual describing activities that have been used to successfully implement the SSB system. Appendix C - Business Case Analysis (BCA) - presents the data collected as a result of SEDI plan implementation then addresses the business/programmatic attributes showing the viability and value proposition possible through the SSB system. Appendix D - The Marketing Plan for the SSB system - defines methods and practices necessary to establish the SSB system as the alternative of choice. Chemical Engineer, United States Navy Systems Engineer, United States Navy

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Aliwarga, Ivan Sutopo. "A tool for comparing costs of conveyor network layouts." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173461043.

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Wong, Angelina H. "An interactive decision analytic tool for the cost-effectiveness analysis of antimicrobial agents for hospital-acquired pneumonia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ45459.pdf.

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25

Singh, Saurabh. "Characterizing applications by integrating andimproving tools for data locality analysis and programperformance." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492741656429829.

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Figueiredo, Cardoso Tainã. "Analysis of the genetic basis of porcine meat quality and coat color by using genomic and transcriptomic tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662617.

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Los principales objetivos de esta Tesis fueron investigar la base genética de la composición y deposito de la grasa en cerdos, e identificar los factores genéticos involucrados en el establecimiento de los patrones de pigmentación rubia vs roja en cerdos Mangalitza, mediante el uso de herramientas genómicas y transcriptómicas. En el primer estudio comparamos los patrones de expresión del músculo esquelético en dos grupos de cerdos Duroc, con diferentes perfiles de crecimiento y engrasamiento (HIGH: elevado espesor del tocino dorsal, grasa intramuscular, contenido de ácidos grasos saturados e insaturados y lípidos séricos vs LOW: fenotipos opuestos). Mediante el uso de la técnica RNA-seq, hemos encontrado que 96 genes se expresan diferencialmente en el músculo gluteus medius de cerdos HIGH y LOW. Varios de estos genes están relacionados con el metabolismo lipídico (p.ej, SLC27A4, SFRP5, y CES1) y el factor de transcripción PPARG parece ser un regulador clave del engrasamiento en porcino. También hemos observado que muy pocos RNAs no codificantes se expresan diferencialmente en estos dos grupos de cerdos, lo que sugiere que el transcriptoma no codificante tiene un efecto limitado sobre el establecimiento de los fenotipos HIGH y LOW. En el segundo estudio, analizamos la expresión de isoformas de mRNA en cerdos HIGH y LOW y demostramos la expresión diferencial de isoformas específicas de cuatro genes muy relacionados con la obesidad (ITGA5, LITAF, TIMP1 y ANXA2). La expresión diferencial de estas isoformas podría tener efectos sobre la estructura del transcrito, así como sobre la secuencia de la proteína. En el tercer estudio, hemos analizado la expresión diferencial de genes que codifican mRNA en respuesta a la ingestión de alimentos. Este objetivo se ha logrado al comparar los patrones de expresión muscular de cerdas Duroc antes de comer (T0), 5 h. (T1) y 7 h. (T2) después de comer. Además de los genes con un papel bien conocido en la homeostasis energética (p.ej, PFKFB3 y G0S2), hemos identificado varios genes con un rol plausible pero mal caracterizado en el metabolismo (p.ej, MIGA2, SDC4 y CSRNP1). También hemos observado un enriquecimiento de un conjunto de genes expresados diferencialmente antes y después de comer que engloba diversos factores de transcripción así como genes implicados en el estrés oxidativo, la angiogénesis y los ritmos circadianos. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, en el cuarto estudio hemos desarrollado un experimento basado en RT-qPCR para descubrir cómo la expresión de 8 genes circadianos (ARNTL, BHLHE40, CRY2, NPAS2, NR1D1, PER1, PER2 y SIK1) se modifica en respuesta a la ingestión de alimentos en cinco tejidos porcinos (músculo esquelético, hipotálamo, hígado, intestino y grasa dorsal). Nuestros resultados indican que la expresión de los genes circadianos no cambia en el hipotálamo, el tejido que contiene el reloj central influenciado por la luz. Por el contrario, dicha expresión sí que presenta fuertes variaciones en los otros cuatro tejidos. Este hallazgo demuestra que la nutrición cambia la expresión de los genes circadianos integrados en los relojes periféricos. Finalmente, en el quinto estudio, hemos analizado, en colaboración con investigadores del Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition (Hungría) y la Universidad de Cluj-Napoca (Rumanía), la base genética del color de la capa (rojo vs rubio) en cerdos Mangalitza. Combinando un barrido de selección y un estudio de asociación del genoma completo, hemos encontrado que el gen SLC45A2 probablemente esté involucrado en la determinación genética de la pigmentación roja y rubia de los cerdos Mangalitza, un resultado que concuerda bien con estudios previos que demuestran la implicación de este locus en los patrones de color de múltiples especies de mamíferos, incluyendo la especie humana. Más específicamente, dos SNP con efecto no-sinónimo, c.806G>A (p.Gly269Glu) y c.956G>A (p.Arg319His), situados en el gen SLC45A2, están fuertemente asociados con los colores rojo y rubio, no obstante dicha asociación no es completa por lo que cabe deducir la existencia de factores genéticos adicionales en la pigmentación de los cerdos Mangalitza. The main objectives of this Thesis were to investigate the genetic basis of fatness in pigs and to identify the genetic factors involved in the establishment of blond vs red pigmentation patterns in Mangalitza pigs by using genomic and transcriptomic tools. In the first study of the Thesis (Chapter 3), we compare the skeletal muscle expression patterns of two groups of Duroc pigs with different growth and fatness profiles (HIGH: high backfat thickness, intramuscular fat, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content and serum lipids vs LOW: opposite phenotypes). By using a RNA-Seq technology, we identified 96 genes differentially expressed. Several of these genes are related to lipid metabolism (e.g. SLC27A4, SFRP5 and CES1) and the transcription factor PPARG appears to be a key regulator of porcine fatness. We have also observed that very few non-coding RNAs are differentially expressed in these two groups of pigs, suggesting that the non-coding transcriptome has a limited effect on the establishment of the HIGH and LOW phenotypes. In the second study of the Thesis, we demonstrate the differential expression of specific mRNA isoforms of four genes with a known role in obesity (ITGA5, LITAF, TIMP1 and ANXA2) in HIGH vs LOW pigs. The differential expression of these isoforms may have effects on transcript structure as well as on the protein sequence. In the third study, we aimed to investigate the differential expression of mRNA encoding genes in response to food ingestion. This goal has been achieved by comparing the muscle mRNA expression patterns of Duroc sows before feeding (T0) and 5 h. (T1) and 7 h. (T2) after feeding. Besides genes with a well-known role in energy homeostasis (e.g. PFKFB3 and G0S2), we have identified several genes with a plausible but poorly characterized role in metabolism (e.g. MIGA2, SDC4, and CSRNP1). We have also observed that the set of genes differentially expressed before and after feeding is enriched in transcription factors and pathways related to oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and circadian rhythms. Considering these results, in the fourth study we use quantitative RT-qPCR technique to find out how the expression of 8 circadian genes (ARNTL, BHLHE40, CRY2, NPAS2, NR1D1, PER1, PER2 and SIK1) changes in response to food ingestion in five porcine tissues i.e. skeletal muscle, hypothalamus, liver, intestine and dorsal fat. Our results indicate that the expression of the Clock genes does not change in the hypothalamus, the tissue containing the central clock entrained by light, but in contrast, it is strongly modified in the other four tissues. This finding demonstrates that nutrition changes the expression of circadian genes integrated in peripheral clocks. Finally, in the fifth study, we have analysed, in collaboration with researchers of the Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition (Hungary) and the University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania), the genetic basis of coat color (red vs blond) of Mangalitza pigs. By combining a selection scan and a genome-wide association study, we have found that the SLC45A2 gene is probably involved in the genetic determination of pigmentation in Mangalitza pigs, a result that agrees well with previous studies demonstrating the implication of this locus on the color patterns of multiple mammalian species including humans. More specifically, two missense SNPs c.806G>A (p.Gly269Glu) and c.956G>A (p.Arg319His) in the SLC45A2 locus appear to be strongly but not fully associated with the red and blond coat colors of Mangalitza pigs. This finding suggests the existence of addiitonal genetic factors regulating the pigmentation of Mangalitza pigs.

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Marakani, Sindhusha. "Design and Implementation of a Tool for Automating Cluster Configuration : For a Software Defined Storage System." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10933.

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Context Traditional storage systems are proving to be inefficient to handle the growing storage need of a modern IT organization. The need for a cost effective and scalable storage framework has led to the development of a Software Defined Storage (SDS) solution. SDS can be defined as an enterprise class distributed storage solution that uses standard hardware, with all the important storage and management functions performed by an intelligent software. Configuring and maintenance of these storage clusters require converting an SDS from any unknown state to a predefined, known state. This configuration of the SDS is best done with minimal human intervention, to ensure minimal errors and save the man hours spent in the configuration process. Objectives A tool for automatic configuration of a SDS storage cluster has been designed and implemented. The tool has later been used to study the man hours saved in the configuration of the SDS cluster. The study also involves a cost-benefit analysis to estimate the break-even point for such a tool to motivate the automation of a SDS cluster configuration process. Methodology In this study, experts from the field of Software Defined Storage have been interviewed to identify interesting and most common states of a SDS cluster. Later a tool was build such that it communicates with the underlying SDS storage cluster to configure it into one of the identified final states. This tool built was later used to conduct experiments wherein the amount of man hours saved by automating the process of cluster configuration was calculated. Results The tool built was validated through results obtained from the experiments which show that the work time involved in the process of cluster configuration is reduced by 90% - 96% (based on the complexity of the cluster configuration). Also, the lead times of the configuration process are similar when configuring simple states but is greatly reduced by automation when performing complex configurations. Conclusions Similar to any other software automation, the process of automating the configuration of a distributed storage cluster has proven to be beneficial. Automating the process of cluster configuration saves time, reduces human errors induced in the configuration process and improves repeatability of the configuration process. Through the cost-benefit analysis of the complete process, the use of the tool beyond 20 days is deemed profitable for the organization.

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Bam, Prayag. "Development and Implementation of Network Level Trade-off Analysis tool in Transportation Asset Management." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1512227253641838.

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Buonasera, Tammy Yvonne. "Expanding Archaeological Approaches to Ground Stone: Modeling Manufacturing Costs, Analyzing Absorbed Organic Residues, and Exploring Social Dimensions of Milling Tools." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268534.

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Although ground stone artifacts comprise a substantial portion of the archaeological record, their use as an important source of information about the past has remained underdeveloped. This is especially true for milling tools (mortars, pestles, grinding slabs and handstones) used by hunter-gatherers. Three studies that apply novel techniques and approaches to prehistoric milling technology are presented here. Together they demonstrate that substantial opportunities exist for new avenues of inquiry in the study of these artifacts. The first combines a simple optimization model from behavioral ecology with experimental data to weigh manufacturing costs against gains in grinding efficiency for mobile hunter-gatherers. Results run counter to widespread assumptions that mobile hunter-gatherers should not spend time shaping grinding surfaces on milling tools. Next, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to analyze lipid preservation in modified rock features in dry caves at Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, New Mexico. A high concentration of lipids, derived from processing a seed resource, was recovered from a grinding surface in these caves. The lipid content in this surface is comparable to amounts recovered from select pottery sherds that have been used for radiocarbon dating. The third study uses synchronic and diachronic variability in morphology, use-wear, and symbolic content to analyze ground stone milling tools from mortuary contexts in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence supports the inferred association of certain mortars with feasting and ritual activities. Differences in the representation of some of these forms in male and female graves may reflect changes in the roles of women and men in community ritual and politics.

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Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.

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The recognition of nature in the resolution of societal challenges has been growing in relevance. This recognition has been associated with the development of new concepts from science and policy such as natural capital, ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and more recently Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). NBS intends to address societal challenges in an effective and adaptive form providing economic, social, and environmental benefits. The overall aim of this PhD thesis is to develop an environmental and economic assessment of NBS for highly urbanised territories based on rationales and models underpinning ecosystem services, urban/landscape ecology, and life cycle thinking approaches. This combined evaluation approach would help to better understand if NBS are cost-effective or not. The aim is developed according to four specific objectives. The first objective corresponds to the characterisation of NBS in relation to urban contexts and the problematics that they can help to address or mitigate. To achieve this objective a critical review on the study of the relationship between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) was developed. As a main output, a graph of plausible cause-effect relationships between NBS, ES and UC is obtained. The graph represents a first step to support sustainable urban planning, moving from problems (i.e. urban challenges) to actions (i.e. NBS) to resolutions (i.e. ES). The second objective corresponds to the definition of an adequate set of biophysical and monetary assessment methods and indicators to evaluate the value of NBS in urbanised contexts. To achieve this objective, a review of existing methods on ecosystem services valuation, life cycle cost analysis and life-cycle assessment are developed. The review takes into account specific constraints such as easiness to use and availability of data. At the end, potential methods and indicators were selected, which will be later integrated in the combined assessment framework. The third objective corresponds to the design of a combined assessment framework integrating methods from life cycle assessment, landscape/urban ecology and ecosystem services that quantifies the environmental and economic value of NBS informing about the cost-effectiveness of its entire life cycle. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework is developed. From it, a system dynamics model of ecosystem (dis)services is developed and coupled with a life cycle assessment method. The combined evaluation is tested with a relevant NBS type (i.e. urban forest) in a case study in the metropolitan area of Madrid. The fourth objective is the development of a decision support (DSS) tool that integrates the assessment framework as part of iterative design processes in urban planning and landscape design. The DSS intends to enhance the interrelation between science, policy and planning/design. To achieve this objective a user-friendly web-based prototype DSS on NBS, called NBenefit$®, is developed. The prototype DSS provides the user a simple form of quantifying the provision of multiple ES and costs over the entire life cycle (implementation, operational life, and end-of-life) of NBS. This thesis contributed to the characterisation of NBS and its environmental and economic assessment to inform urban planning and landscape design processes, allowing decisions that are more informed. Il riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.

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Hackney, Jeremy K. (Jeremy Keith) 1971. "Alternative fuel vehicle policy : a lifecycle analysis tool for emissions, cost and energy efficiency with an application to the U.S." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43536.

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Zinchenko, Yulia. "IBM Cognos Report Studio as an Effective Tool for Human Capital Reporting." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199724.

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Main topic discussed in this diploma thesis is corporate reporting in terms of Human Capital using Business Intelligence tools, specifically IBM Cognos Report Studio. One of the objectives is to show step-by-step methodology of creating complex dynamic report, which includes data structure modeling, layout design and quality check. Another objective is to conduct Cost-Benefit Analysis for a real-life project, which is focused on recreating of Excel-based report in Cognos-based environment in order to automate information flows. Essential part of the diploma thesis is theoretical background of Business Intelligence aspects of data quality and visualization as well as purposes of human capital reporting and description of appropriate KPIs. Objectives are addressed by conducting analysis and research of resources related to topics described above as well as using IBM Cognos Report Studio provided by one of the major companies in financial advisory field. This diploma thesis represents relevant reading for those, who are interested in real-life application of data quality improvement and information flow automation using Business Intelligence reporting tools.

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Rossi, Benedetta. "Un approccio per la formazione di famiglie di prodotti in sistemi produttivi riconfigurabili: tool applicativo e valutazione economico-gestionale (Parte A)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Il lavoro di questa tesi di laurea è incentrato sullo studio di un modello che permette di valutare numericamente la similarità dei prodotti che vengono processati in un sistema riconfigurabile. Tra i modelli esistenti in letteratura, è stato scelto il modello di Galan. Tale modello permette di definire il livello di similarità tra prodotti diversi e, infine, tramite l’uso di un algoritmo gerarchico agglomerativo, definisce le diverse famiglie di prodotti. L’obiettivo di questo modello è pertanto quello di fornire un supporto alla formazione di famiglie di prodotti in sistemi produttivi riconfigurabili. In particolare, è essenziale minimizzare il numero di famiglie e, di conseguenza, ridurre il numero di riconfigurazioni. In questo elaborato è stato implementato un tool applicativo in Excel tramite il linguaggio Visual Basic for Applications, consentendo di automatizzare il modello scelto con un interfaccia grafica guidata per l’utente. Il tool consente di visualizzare le famiglie che si formano e che potranno essere lavorate nella stessa configurazione dai RMS. Una volta ottenute le diverse famiglie di prodotti, si valuta il costo legato a questo paradigma produttivo ed è confrontato con le altre due modalità produttive, ovvero la produzione tramite DML, che presuppone la presenza di una linea per ogni tipologia di prodotto, e la produzione tramite FMS, che prevede l’utilizzo di una macchina flessibile per ogni famiglia di prodotto differente. Il tool consente di effettuare una considerazione economica tramite il calcolo del costo totale annuo equivalente (CTAE), che permette di definire come KPI il costo di realizzazione di un singolo prodotto. In questo modello, si tiene conto anche della capacità produttiva necessaria: infatti, aumentando il volume produttivo, sarà necessario aumentare le risorse dedicate ai tre diversi paradigmi e quindi, a fronte di elevati investimenti, la convenienza economica dei RMS verrà meno, favorendo un uso di linee dedicate.

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Nicoll, J. Ross. "A web-oriented framework for the development and deployment of academic facing administrative tools and services." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6857.

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The demand for higher education has increased dramatically in the last decade. At the same time, institutions have faced continual pressure to reduce costs and increase quality of education, while delivering that education to greater numbers of students. The introduction of software systems such as virtual learning environments, online learning resources and centralised student record systems has become routine in attempts to address these demands. However, these approaches suffer from a variety of limitations: They do not take all stakeholders' needs into account. They do not seek to reduce administrative overheads in academic processes. They do not reflect institution-specific academic policies. They do not integrate readily with other information systems. They are not capable of adequately modelling the complex authorisation roles and organisational structure of a real institution. They are not well suited to rapidly changing policies and requirements. Their implementation is not informed by sound software engineering practises or data architecture design. Crucially, as a consequence of these drawbacks such systems can increase administrative workload for academic staff. This thesis describes the research, development and deployment of a system which seeks to address these limitations, the Module Management System (MMS). MMS is a collaborative web application targeted at streamlining and minimising administrative tasks. MMS encapsulates a number of user-facing tools for tasks including coursework submission and marking, tutorial attendance tracking, exam mark recording and final grade calculation. These tools are supported by a framework which acts as a form of “university operating system”. This framework provides a number of different services including an institution abstraction layer, role-based views and privileges, security policy support integration with external systems.

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Fingerhut, Raetz Doria Lee. "Bone tool assemblages as an aid to shell mound site typologies on the Northwest coast." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3929.

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Fifteen bone tool assemblages from shell midden sites were compared. Three of these are unpublished sites from Prince Rupert Harbor. They were grouped using cluster analysis. Inter and intragroup variation in bone tool assemblage structure was analyzed. One of the objectives of this study was to generate hypotheses about the function of the unpublished sites by comparing their bone tool assemblages with those from sites which are better understood by looking for underlying patterns in the bone tool assemblages. Other objectives were to test the utility of using bone tool assemblages as a diagnostic tool in analyzing sites and to test the utility of the cluster analysis procedure with this data set. Hypotheses were developed identifying possible site usage at the three Prince Rupert Harbor sites, Boardwalk (GbTo-31), Garden Island (GbTo-23), and Grassy Bay (GbTn-1). Bone tool assemblages were shown to be a useful aid in site analysis and cluster analysis was quite useful in identifying existing patterns in these data.

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Pappalardo, Fabrizio. "Un approccio per la formazione di famiglie di prodotti in sistemi produttivi riconfigurabili: tool applicativo e valutazione economico-gestionale (Parte B)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di implementare un tool applicativo, nel linguaggio Excel VBA, che consenta di analizzare un modello applicabile per i Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS). Tra i modelli trattati in letteratura,si è scelto quello sviluppato da Galan si pone l'obiettivo di definire le famiglie di prodotti in RMS. Per studiare la validità del modello, si è preso in esame lo stato attuale delle industrie produttivo-manifatturiere, il quale si compone di linee dedicate, denominate DML, e/o flessibili, chiamati FMS. I sistemi RMS, invece, rappresentano una nuova frontiera produttiva. Tramite Visual Basic for Application (VBA) si è strutturato l’ambiente di lavoro, automatizzando il modello di Galan e ottenendo le famiglie di prodotti in base alla similarità degli stessi. Successivamente si è voluto dare la possibilità all’utente di valutare la convenienza economica nella scelta di un tipo di sistema produttivo piuttosto che un altro. In particolare si è deciso di definire un criterio omogeneo di valutazione finale, utilizzando lo stesso KPI per tutte e tre le tipologie di sistemi, ossia il costo totale annuo equivalente (

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Malý, Michal. "Analýza opotřebení nástrojů při CNC obrábění diskovitých součástí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400924.

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This diploma thesis evaluates two competitive cutting inserts for machining of disk-shaped blanks. The first part summarizes theoretical knowledge of turning, wear of cutting inserts and cost analysis of the cutting process. In the second part, the wear of two inserts from a different manufacturer is observed in two different cutting speeds. Wear is evaluated by electron microscope images. In the end, there is an economic evaluation of both VBD in different cutting speeds for serial production.

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Inanloo, Bahareh. "A Multi-Criteria GIS-Based Route Selection Tool for Hazardous Material Transport: Consideration of Environmental Consequence, Traffic Congestions and Costs." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2262.

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Hazardous materials are substances that, if not regulated, can pose a threat to human populations and their environmental health, safety or property when transported in commerce. About 1.5 million tons of hazardous material shipments are transported by truck in the US annually, with a steady increase of approximately 5% per year. The objective of this study was to develop a routing tool for hazardous material transport in order to facilitate reduced environmental impacts and less transportation difficulties, yet would also find paths that were still compelling for the shipping carriers as a matter of trucking cost. The study started with identification of inhalation hazard impact zones and explosion protective areas around the location of hypothetical hazardous material releases, considering different parameters (i.e., chemicals characteristics, release quantities, atmospheric condition, etc.). Results showed that depending on the quantity of release, chemical, and atmospheric stability (a function of wind speed, meteorology, sky cover, time and location of accidents, etc.) the consequence of these incidents can differ. The study was extended by selection of other evaluation criteria for further investigation because health risk as an evaluation criterion would not be the only concern in selection of routes. Transportation difficulties (i.e., road blockage and congestion) were incorporated as important factor due to their indirect impact/cost on the users of transportation networks. Trucking costs were also considered as one of the primary criteria in selection of hazardous material paths; otherwise the suggested routes would have not been convincing for the shipping companies. The last but not least criterion was proximity of public places to the routes. The approach evolved from a simple framework to a complicated and efficient GIS-based tool able to investigate transportation networks of any given study area, and capable of generating best routing options for cargos. The suggested tool uses a multi-criteria-decision-making method, which considers the priorities of the decision makers in choosing the cargo routes. Comparison of the routing options based on each criterion and also the overall suitableness of the path in regards to all the criteria (using a multi-criteria-decision-making method) showed that using similar tools as the one proposed by this study can provide decision makers insights in the area of hazardous material transport. This tool shows the probable consequences of considering each path in a very easily understandable way; in the formats of maps and tables, which makes the tradeoffs of costs and risks considerably simpler, as in some cases slightly compromising on trucking cost may drastically decrease the probable health risk and/or traffic difficulties. This will not only be rewarding to the community by making cities safer places to live, but also can be beneficial to shipping companies by allowing them to advertise as environmental friendly conveyors.

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Araújo, Edson Teixeira de. "Integração da ferramenta FMEA com a avaliação dos custos de qualidade : uma aplicação no processo de soldagem GMAW." Universidade de Taubaté, 2011. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=249.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem da ferramenta FMEA, Failure modes and effect analysis, em uma integração com os custos relativos à qualidade, aplicada ao processo de soldagem GMAW, gas metal arc welding. O objetivo principal é evidenciar a importância da utilização desta ferramenta para se prever e prevenir falhas de processo antes que as mesmas ocorram, e minorar os custos da qualidade envolvidos. A proatividade da ferramenta FMEA proporciona, através das ações recomendadas de melhoria, a possibilidade de se mensurar com antecipação os custos relativos à prevenção, avaliação e falhas de qualidade. O método empregado para esta abordagem foi de uma pesquisa-ação, sendo estabelecida uma equipe multidisciplinar para implantação e execução da FMEA e avaliação dos custos da qualidade. Os resultados obtidos na fase anterior à aplicação da FMEA informavam que os custos das falhas apresentavam uma participação de 89,84% dos custos da qualidade; com a utilização da ferramenta, estes foram reduzidos para 3,82% devido ao investimento de melhoria. Objetivando-se equilibrar os custos associados, foi projetada uma estimativa futura de 50% de custo de falhas. Na análise comparativa dos custos da qualidade, foi verificado que os custos de falhas relativos à fase anterior ao FMEA reduziram 86% em relação à projeção futura, e os custos da qualidade reduziram de 74%, evidenciando-se deste modo o benefício da utilização da ferramenta FMEA para a redução de custos operacionais. This paper presents an approach of the FMEA tool, Failure modes and effect analysis, in integration with the costs of quality, applied to the GMAW welding process, gas metal arc welding. The main objective is to highlight the importance of using this tool to predict and prevent process failures before they occur, and reduce the costs of quality involved. The proactivity of FMEA tool, provides through the recommended actions for improvement, the possibility to measure in advance the costs of prevention, assessment and quality failures. The method employed for this approach was an action research, which established a multidisciplinary team for deployment and implementation of FMEA and evaluation of quality costs. The results obtained in the previous phase to the implementation of FMEA reported that the cost of failure had a 89.84% share of the costs of quality; using the tool, these were reduced to 3.82% due to improved investment. In order to balance the costs, was projected a 50% estimated future cost of failures. In comparative cost analysis we founded that the quality failure costs related to the phase prior to FMEA reduced 86% compared to the projected future, and quality costs were reduced of 74%, demonstrating thereby the benefit of using the FMEA tool to reduce operating costs.

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Loffler, German. "Microscopic analysis utilized in the identification of cutting, scraping and whittling activities on flake tools from the Qwu?gwes (45TN240), Hartstene, and Sunken Village (35MU4) sites in the central northwest coast of North America." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/g_loffler_112707.pdf.

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Mikulka, Tomáš. "Životní cyklus stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382419.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the determination of the life cycle state of the production machine. The thesis is divided into several chapters. First, the life cycle of the machine is defined, and the phrase used here is given. Subsequently, the work is devoted to maintenance, repairs and modernization of the production machine. Then there is a demonstration of Schaeffler Skalica's corporate structure and individual methods that determine the state of the machine's life cycle. In the next chapter, the machine is described and then the analysis is made for the current state of the machine. Then the analyses created are evaluated.

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Novotný, Ladislav. "Návrh vytvoření a ověření produktu oceňovacího nástroje pro IS SAP v oblasti finančního řízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399867.

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Mukherji, Payal Tapandev. "Study of Possible Applications of Currently Available Building Information Modeling Tools for the Analysis of Initial Costs and Energy Costs for Performing Life Cycle Cost Analysis." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8936.

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The cost of design, construction and maintenance of facilities is on continual rise. The demand is to construct facilities which have been designed by apply life cycle costing principles. These principles have already given strong decision making power to the manufacturing industry. The need to satisfy the environmental sustainability requirements, improve operational effectiveness of buildings and apply value engineering principles has increased the dependency on life cycle costing analysis. The objective is to obtain economically viable solutions by analyzing the alternatives during the design of a building. Though the LCCA process is able to give the desired results, it does have some problems which have stood as hindrances to the more widespread use of the LCCA concept and method. The literature study has highlighted that the problem areas are the lack of frameworks or mechanisms for collecting and storing data and the complexity of LCCA exercise, which involves the analysis of a thousand of building elements and a number of construction-type options and maintenance activities for each building element at detailed design stages. Building Information Modeling has been able to repeatedly answer the questions raised by the AEC industry. The aim of this study is to identify the areas where BIM can be effectively applied to the LCCA process and become a part of the workflow. In this study, initially four LCCA case studies are read and evaluated from the point of view of understanding the method in which the life cycle costing principles have been applied. The purpose, the type alternatives examined, the process of analysis, the type of software used and the results are understood. An attempt has been carried out to understand the workflow of the LCCA process. There is a confidence that Building Information Modeling is capable of handling changes during the design, construction and maintenance phases of the project. Since applying changes to any kind of information of the building during LCC analysis forms the core, it has become necessary to use computer building models for examining these changes. The building modeling softwares are enumerated. The case studies have highlighted that the evaluation of the alternatives are primarily to achieve energy efficient solutions for the buildings. Applying these solutions involves high initial costs. The return on investment is the means by which these solutions become viable to the owners of the facilities. This is where the LCCA has been applied. Two of the important cost elements of the LCC analysis are initial costs and the operating costs of the building. The collaboration of these modeling tools with other estimating software where the initial costs of the building can be generated is studied. The functions of the quantity take-off tools and estimating tools along with the interoperability between these tools are analyzed. The operating costs are generated from the software that focuses on sustainability. And the currently used tools for performing the calculations of the life cycle costing analysis are also observed. The objective is to identify if the currently available BIM tools and software can help in obtaining LCCA results and are able to offset the hindrances of the process. Therefore, the software are studied from the point of view of ease of handling data and the type of data that can be generated. Possible BIM workflows are suggested depending on the functions of the software and the relationship between them. The study has aimed at taking a snapshot the current tools available which can aid the LCCA process. The research is of significance to the construction industry as it forms a precursor to the application of Building Information Modeling to the LCCA process as it shows that it has the capacity of overcoming the obstacles for life cycle costing. This opens a window to the possibility of applying BIM to LCCA and furthering this study.

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Costa, André Luís Rocha da Silva. "Quality costs analysis: case study in the automotive industry." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/39287.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial The main goal of this Project was to analyze with resource to Quality Tools the Current Warranty Process and the Warranty Claims since 2012 until the First Quarter of 2015, in order to recover from Supplier the Quality Costs regarding defective materials. This dissertation was developed in the Automotive Industry in Delphi Automotive Systems Portugal S.A. Currently, the Quality Costs regarding each Warranty Claim are unknown by Delphi, setting a fixed value of 1000 € for each Warranty issue, that is not valid at Supplier’s eyes, considering it does not reflect the real costs of each claim and it is much higher than the price that Delphi paid for each component. Although, Delphi has a Zero Defects Policy and did not pay for No Quality regarding defective components, is being charged by Customer. Delphi Braga wants to be the first company in Delphi group to recover Quality Costs from every Supplier, in order to raise awareness and to ensure that every Supplier is committed to Delphi Policy and to minimize the current Quality Costs. According to the Literature, one of the principles of Quality Continuous Improvement is based on the assumption that every decision, in special those which are taken by Quality Team, should rely on the use of Quality Tools, for the purpose to discover the critical root causes to be solved and to implement corrective actions, ensuring the Quality Standards. The higher is the short-term investment in Costs of Good Quality as Prevention and Appraisal Costs, the less are the long-term costs of Poor Quality throughout the Supply Chain as Internal and External Failure Costs, ensuring a win-win strategy for all stakeholders and nurturing business partnership towards Delphi requirements of being known among Customers as their best Supplier, surpassing their highest expectations. A rigorous analysis was undertaken to 7696 Warranty Claims from 2012 until the First Quarter of 2015, concluding that there are 153 complaints confirmed by supplier analysis as defective material corresponding to a total of 80.724.31€. Given that, the Quality Costs were associated to each Warranty Claim, creating a cost-oriented Database with all the Customer Debit Costs per device and when added to the Analysis Costs, the amount that Delphi has to recover from Supplier was calculated. O objetivo principal deste projeto é a análise, com recurso às Ferramenta da Qualidade, do Atual Processo de Garantia e das Reclamações ao abrigo da Garantia desde 2012 até ao 1º Quadrimestre de 2015, para recuperar Custos de Qualidade junto do fornecedor relativos a defeitos de material. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida na Indústria Automóvel na Delphi Automotive Systems Portugal S.A. Atualmente, os Custos da Qualidade relativos a cada Reclamação de Garantia não são conhecidos pela Delphi, tendo-se fixado um valor de 1000 € para cada defeito de Garantia, o que não é válido do ponto de vista do fornecedor, uma vez que não reflete os custos reais de cada reclamação e é muito superior ao preço que a Delphi paga por componente fornecido. Embora a Delphi tenha uma Política de Zero Defeitos e não paga por componentes fornecidos defeituosos, tem de pagar ao Cliente. A Delphi Braga quer ser a primeira empresa no grupo Delphi a recuperar Custos de Qualidade de todos os Fornecedores, de forma a consciencializar e a assegurar que cada Fornecedor está comprometido com a Política da Delphi para minimizar os atuais Custos de Qualidade. De acordo com a Literatura, um dos princípios da Melhoria Contínua da Qualidade é baseado no pressuposto de que todas as decisões, em especial aquelas que são tomadas pela Equipa de Qualidade, devem depender das Ferramentas da Qualidade com o propósito de descobrir as causas-raiz críticas a serem resolvidas e as medidas corretivas a serem implementadas, garantindo os Padrões de Qualidade. Quanto maior for o investimento a curto-prazo em Custos de Boa Qualidade, menor são os custos a longo-prazo da Má Qualidade ao longo da cadeia de abastecimento, assegurando uma estratégia mutuamente benéfica para todos os intervenientes e alimentando parcerias comerciais, tendo em vista os requisitos da Delphi, de ser conhecida entre os seus clientes como o seu melhor fornecedor, superando as suas maiores expectativas. Foi realizada uma análise a 7696 Reclamações de Garantia desde 2012 até 1ºQuadrimestre de 2015, concluindo que existem 153 reclamações confirmadas pelo Fornecedor, como sendo defeitos de material, correspondendo a um total de 80.724.31€. De forma a materializar este valor, os Custos da Qualidade foram associados a cada Reclamação de Garantia, criando uma base de dados orientada aos custos, onde são apresentados todos os Custos Debitados pelo Cliente por aparelho e quando somados aos Custos de Análise, é obtido o valor que a Delphi deve recuperar.

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Jesus, Luciana Aparecida Netto de. "Metodologia de aplicação de conceitos de sustentabilidade a edifícios." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/13867.

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Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia Civil O desenvolvimento de mecanismos para a identificação eficaz de oportunidades e de responsabilidades nas diferentes fases de um empreendimento, bem como o reconhecimento dos resultados efectivos (económicos e ambientais) da sustentabilidade, são os principais contributos para a prática e disseminação dos "três vectores" (social, ambiental e económico) essenciais no ambiente construído. Neste contexto, a presente tese apresenta os resultados do trabalho que teve dois objectivos fundamentais: o primeiro refere-se à criação de uma base de dados de critérios-chave apresentados através de diferentes perspectivas e nas diferentes fases de um empreendimento, de forma a facilitar a aplicabilidade de critérios sustentáveis. O segundo objectivo, e principal, refere-se à análise das implicações económicas e ambientais associadas aos critérios definidos pela Ferramenta Britânica BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), aplicados num centro comercial localizado em Braga em fase de construção de modo a obter resposta a duas questões essenciais: quanto custa e qual a real mais-valia de aplicar princípios de sustentabilidade a um empreendimento. O mecanismo para a concretização do primeiro objectivo deve-se em grande parte ao levantamento de medidas, definição de "timings" de actuação e a clara identificação do papel dos diferentes "stakeholders" no ciclo de vida de um edifício. O resultado de parte deste trabalho foi importante para o processo de criação do GPS (Gestão do Projecto Sustentável), ferramenta informática desenvolvida para fomentar a prática de critérios de sustentabilidade em projectos desenvolvidos pela empresa Chamartin Imobiliária (empresa co-financiadora deste trabalho enquanto BDE- Bolsa de Doutoramento em Empresa). No que se refere ao segundo objectivo, e tendo em conta a obtenção de resultados, uma das etapas deste trabalho consistiu na definição de quatro cenários com diferentes níveis de sustentabilidade (classificação definida pelo BREEAM, nomeadamente PASS, VERY GOOD e EXCELLENT), onde foram evidenciadas as implicações económicas e ambientais de cada nível, bem como a comparação entre cenários. Além da definição dos diferentes cenários estabelecidos, destaca-se que os critérios BREEAM utilizados foram primeiramente estruturados em quatro diferentes grupos de análise. Esta segmentação teve como objectivo identificar os critérios facilmente adaptáveis e não adaptáveis à realidade portuguesa, assim como identificar aqueles que exigiriam ou não investimento adicional ao serem implementados no projecto. Um dos elementos-chave neste trabalho foi a análise holística implementada, ao mesmo tempo que se analisou a informação económica quer em termos de investimento inicial quer em termos de custos operacionais durante um período de 20 anos. Dessa forma foi possível demonstrar os indicadores simplificados para a análise de investimentos, como sejam o Valor Actual Líquido (VAL), a Taxa Interna de Rentabilidade (TIR) e o Pay-back (Retorno de investimento), além dos benefícios ambientais expressos através da redução dos recursos naturais e de emissões de CO2eq. The use and dissemination of the “triple bottom line” (social, environmental and economic) in a built environment prompts the recognition of effective sustainable (economic and environmental) results and also aids in developing mechanisms which can effectively identify opportunities and responsibilities during the different stages of a construction. Within this context, this thesis presents the results of a study which had two main objectives. The first was to create a database of key criteria obtained from different perspectives during the different phases of construction, so as to facilitate the application of sustainable criteria. The second and main objective was to assess the economic and environmental implications associated to the criteria defined by the British BREEAM standard, applied to a shopping centre still in construction, located in Braga, in order to obtain answers to two key issues: costs and the true added value of applying sustainable principals to a construction. The mechanisms used to achieve the first objective were obtained from existing measures, from the definition of “timings” and the clear identification of each different stakeholder’s role in the life cycle of the building. The results from part of this study were essential in creating a GPS (sustainable project management program), an IT tool developed to foster the use of sustainability criteria in projects developed by the real estate company Chamartin Imobiliária (company co-financing this study as an Industrial PhD scholarship). In relation to the second objective and based on obtained results, one of the stages involved in this study was to define four scenarios with different levels of sustainability (classification defined by BREEAM, namely PASS, VERY GOOD and EXCELLENT) and the economic and environmental implications for each level as well as a comparison across the scenarios. In addition to the definition of the different established scenarios, the BREEAM ratings that were used were first structured in four different groups of analysis. The objective of this division was to identify criteria that could be easily adaptable and non-adaptable to the Portuguese reality, as well as identify those that require or not additional investments when implemented. One of the key-elements in this study was the use of a holistic analysis while at the same time analysing the economic information in relation to the initial investment and operational costs during a twenty-year period. It was thus possible to demonstrate simplified indicators to analyse investments, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Pay-back period (return on investment), in addition to the environmental benefits resulting from the reduction of natural resources and CO2eq emissions.

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Morales, Cristian Enrique. "Parametric energy modeling tool for climate dependent guidelines." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22346.

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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a simple tool that can help designers and researchers obtain general guidelines for buildings in terms of energy usage and LCC. Another objective of this thesis is to apply this tool to residential buildings in order to understand which variables are relevant in terms of energy consumption and LCC costs. A one-story rectangular house was parameterized in terms of five variables: total glazing area; south window-to-wall ratio (WWR); east and west WWR (which are symmetrical for these two facades); insulation width; and window type (ranging from a single clear window to a double low e-clear argon filled window). A high average glazing area (30-40% of floor area) was applied in order to increase energy loads and to augment the importance of the window properties. Simulation was performed through Energy-plus (in conjunction with a code developed especially for this project) for three cities: Austin, Boston, and Seattle. A total of 1055 simulations were run for each city. The experiment showed that only the total glazing area, the E-W WWR and the window types were relevant variables. The former variable is highly correlated with total energy consumption across all cities. Another important conclusion was that each variable's effect on energy consumption worked independently of each other, as there were no considerable differences when analyzing variables individually, as opposed to analyzing them holistically. Results showed that, for Austin and Boston, it was possible to reduce energy loads by 35% and 27% respectively with a double low-e green window (as compared to a single clear window). Similarly, Seattle showed a reduction of 29% for a double low e-clear argon filled window. Nevertheless, the simplest type of window (type 1) presented the best results in terms of LCC. Therefore, we can conclude that only under a high-energy demand situation, such as with office buildings, would it be possible to obtain positive LCC results for double glazed windows. Consequently, double glazed windows will not present positive economical results in typical residential buildings. A second simulation was performed under a tighter HVAC schedule and higher internal loads. In this new scenario, the best windows were the same as with the first simulation, but maximum energy savings were higher: 50%, 34% and 35% for Austin, Boston, and Seattle, respectively. Nevertheless, when considering LCC, a double-clear window presented the best results for Austin, Boston, and Seattle, with 17%, 11%, and 5% reductions in costs respectively compared to the type 1 window. Therefore, if designers are only concerned with costs, the problem of what window to choose becomes non-trivial only for high-energy demand cases. text

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Fang, Chi Pin, and 方啓賓. "Cost-benefit Analysis on Tool Exchange in The Wet Processes - A Case Study of A Semiconductor Manufacturing Company." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u72p38.

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碩士 長庚大學 商管專業學院碩士學位學程在職專班經營管理組 104 For any semiconductor company facing process conversion, purchasing too much machinery may result in waste and cause clean room space idle; but if too little purchased, then insufficient capacity can lead to the risk of product shortage. Hence, it has been an important issue for semiconductor companies to decide the “optimal” number of fab machines. By taking a semiconductor company as an example, this thesis carries out the cost-benefit analysis on the machine conversion problem of wet processes. This study considers the case of two different wet-chemical washing machines (DHF and SPM), and builds a mathematical programming model to find the benefit-maximizing number of machines procured and channel number of conversion process, subject to the constraints on capacity requirements, yield level and conversion standards. Research results include (a) the number of DHF machines is more sensitive to the cost-benefit analysis; (b) when the marginal yield rate of SPM machines is less than 0.02%, the conversion to SPM group contributes nothing to the problem; and finally (c) benefit of machine conversion naturally decreases as the unit price of single SPM machine increases, and no good to add any SPM machine when it costs more than NT$ 195 million. Conclusions of this thesis on how the number of channels in the wet process, yield and the unit price affect the benefit in machine conversion problem may provide a guideline to the semiconductor industry in making machinery investment decision.

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Wang, Li-Yuan, and 王麗媛. "Coat Protein Sequence Analysis, Serological Properties and Development of Detection Tools for Two Filamentous Viruses Isolated from Sweet Potato." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86431256432569931332.

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博士 中興大學 植物病理學系所 95 Three kinds of single lesions with different size and morphology shows in indicator plant Chenopodium quinoa after mechanical inoculation and single lesions transfer from sweet potato with symptoms of yellow spots, vein mottling or mosaic. It is difficult to isolate and purify virus particles from sweet potato because the content of starch and phenolic compounds and the absent of the propagation host. In this study, using the RNA extract from sweet potato cloning and sequencing to search the molecular characteristics of the virus. Comparing the sequences with potyviruses genome in GeneBank evidence that the sequences are Sweet potato latent virus (SPLV) and Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV). For antiserum preparation, the complete reading frame of the coat protein (CP) gene of SPLV and SPFMV were amplified from the total RNA extracted from virus-infected leaves of C. quinoa by RT-PCR with the cp-gene specific primers. The amplified DNA fragment was cloned, sequenced, and subcloned into the bacterial expression vector pET-32a(+) vector. For studying the influence of mix infection and distribution of viruses in field, back inoculation is necessary, but to infect sweet potato by mechanical inoculation is difficult. Therefore, the method of root dipping of sweet potato in the crude extracts of virus infected C. quinoa. Detection of the root dipping plants by western blotting indicated that these filamentous viruses can infect sweet potato through roots and the mix infection virus can be separated effectively. The C. quinoa shows necrotic local lesions 7 dpi isolated from sweet potato with yellow spots symptoms were used as source for total RNA extraction. A 2.0-kb product was amplified from the total RNA extracted from virus-infected leaves of C. quinoa by RT-PCR with oligo(dT) and pot2 primers. The cDNA fragment reflected 1931 nucleotides (nts) corresponding to the 3''-terminal region of potyviruses was obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence contained 578 residues encoding part of the 3’-terminal region of NIb gene (285 residues) and the complete sequence of coat protein (CP) gene (293 residues). A 197 nts of non-coding region (NCR) was found located at the 3’-terminal region of the DNA. A genetic code for aphid transmissibility of potyviruses, DAG triplet, was found at the 7-9 residues from the N-terminus of CP gene. Compared to the known sequences of strains of SPLV, the percentage of nucleotide identities of the CP gene and the NCR with SPLV-T were 96.5% and 100%, respectively. Using directional cloning, a 55 kDa fusion protein containing a complete CP sequence of SPLV and a partial sequence encoded by the expression vector plasmid (pET-32a, Novagen) was expressed and purified from cell cultures of Escherichia coli. The antiserum prepared against this fusion protein showed high sensitivity in the serological detection of infected tissue of sweet potato. According to the coat protein gene of SPLV, the specific promers Lcp1, Lcp2 were designed for amplification of coat protein by bacterial expression system. The titer of prepared SPLV antiserum determined by double diffusion test is 1/8. Two different size of chlorotic spots were shown in C. quinoa 10-14dpi. after mechanical inoculation from mottling disease symptom of sweet potato. The total RNA was extracted from mottling sweet potato, a 1.3 kb and a 1.2 kb DNA fragments were amplified by using PotI and PotII primers and RT-PCR. After cloning and sequencing and comparing to the known potyvirus in the GenBank. Specific primer was designed from the 3''-terminal of the two DNA fragments, the whole length CP and the 3''-NCR were sequenced. Total length including 1249 nts in SPFMV-CY1, the identity and the similarity were 80.6% and 86.3% comparing with CP gene of the two DNA sequences that shown they were in different strain, named SPFMV-CY1 and SPFMV-CY2, respectively. The similarity was 50-76% comparing to the 18 potyviruses with their CP amino acid sequences. The identity was highest between SPFMV-CY1 and strain C by comparing to the 56 known systems with their CP nt sequences and the similarity was highest between SPFMV-CY2 and strain O. There were 939 nts amplified by devising special primers, FM 86 and FM 1006, from both terminals of the CP gene of SPFMV-CY1 and through RT-PCR. In the proceeding of western blot, the cross reaction was found between the multi-antiserum of the two viruses of SPFMV and SPLV, and the monoclonal antibody was produced by using the fusion protein of SPFMV-CY1.

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Ming-ShanWu and 吳銘山. "300mm FAB AMHS system to improve for production performance ＆ cost analysis - A Case Study on Near Tool Material Buffer." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wm39nm.

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碩士 國立成功大學 經營管理碩士學位學程(AMBA) 105 For a 12-inch wafer fabrication plant, common indicators used to evaluate production performance include yield rate, production cycle (cycle time), work in process (WIP), and equipment capacity utilization rate (utilization). Another key influential factor is “equipment idle time (idle time)”, when there are not sufficient materials for production and the idle equipment is waiting for materials to be assigned by the system and delivered by the AMHS for production. From the financial aspect, based on the concept of production cost control, for expensive equipment, longer the idle time would be more unfavorable for the goals of production performance and company profit maximization. And there is also the issues of depreciation and amortization of the equipment to be taken into consideration. This study aims to resolve the equipment idle time issue and provides three solutions to reduce idle time. The main solution is the “Near-Tool Material Buffer” (NTB) solution. This study not only illustrates the related background, methods of improvement, and efficiency comparisons in details, but also explains why the “Near-Tool Material Buffer” solution is the most suitable solution based on the analyses and comparisons from the financial perspective of costs. These findings can also be used as references for improving efficiency of equipment and operating performance of 12-inch wafer fabrication plants.

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Storey, Jennifer. "An analysis of the unifacial tool assemblage from the Richardson Island site, Haida Gwaii, British Columbia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1310.

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One of the primary research interests at many late Pleistocene/early Holocene sites has been the transition from bifacial technology to a focus on microblade technology. Relationships between sites in Asia, Alaska, British Columbia, Haida Gwaii and elsewhere are frequently discussed with reference to the presence or absence of these technologies. As the focus has largely been on bifaces and microblades, other technologies have received considerably less attention. However, many of these more expedient technologies comprise the majority of assemblages found at any given site and reflect a substantial portion of technological practice and behavior. At the Richardson Island site, in southeastern Haida Gwaii, the stone tool assemblage is largely composed of unifacially manufactured tools that remain somewhat prevalent throughout the record of site activity. In this thesis, I begin my analysis with an exploration of the amount of standardization present in the unifacial tool types using cluster analysis. Following cluster analysis, the artifacts are discussed within the context of a behavioral model, taking the tools through a life history approach from raw material procurement to discard. Finally, this thesis focuses on technological change and continuity, tracing unifacial technologies through the detailed record of site activity at Richardson Island.

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